A new structure will investigate the accidents. MAC has lost confidence

Almost Detective story! And, it seems, with a continuation... In November 2015, the government Russian Federation decided to redistribute the functions of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) between the Ministry of Transport, the Federal Air Transport Agency and the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

According to this decision, the functions of determining the procedure for certification of international and commercial airports, types of aircraft and a number of other important aviation systems were transferred to the Ministry of Transport. The certification process and verification of certification requirements must be carried out by specialists from the Federal Air Transport Agency. The Ministry of Industry and Trade received the authority to certify enterprises related to the production of aircraft. And an incomprehensible fuss began.

Pressure came on IAC when, as part of the development of Federal Law-253 of July 21, 2014, amendments were made to Art. 8 of the Air Code of the Russian Federation in terms of vesting the Federal Air Transport Agency with the authority to issue permits to developers and manufacturers of civil aircraft.

No logic

Since the initiators of the changes did not imagine how the “innovations” would begin to work in practice, with the adoption of this law, the previously existing government documents, according to which the IAC acted as an authorized body for the certification of developers and manufacturers in the Russian Federation, were not canceled or changed. And the IAC Aviation Register continued to work in all areas. The final start to the previously adopted decisions was given in November 2015.

According to aviation experts, the situation unfolding around the MAK has no logic behind it. After all, the entire contractual framework with EASA, FAA and ICAO “hangs” on it. When the functions of the Federal Air Transport Agency are transferred, all of it “flies”, not only throughout Russia, but throughout the entire aviation space former USSR. MAC is the regulator of everything post-Soviet space and acts on behalf of all former parts of the Union in the external aviation sphere. Even Ukraine, which, in defiance of Russia (by the way, it was under Viktor Yanukovych) introduced its own register system, later came to its senses and did not break ties with MAK. Having begun the process of creating a national register, it ran into the impossibility of creating an external legal framework in the global aviation space, which the IAC has.

Drawn certificates

At the end of 2015, the head of the Russian government, Dmitry Medvedev, received final decision about the actual liquidation of this institution. It should be noted that Mr. Medvedev has not liked the IAC for a long time. After the crash of the Yak-42 plane in Yaroslavl, we can say that Medvedev stopped the operation of this type of aircraft. POPPY believes: the equipment was in order, but there are questions about the work of the Federal Air Transport Agency. I remember that then an inspection of flight schools began, and someone was caught with fictitious diplomas and false certificates. But the matter was hushed up.

In connection with this disaster, Alexander Neradko, who heads the Federal Air Transport Agency, supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, launched an attack on the MAK. Minister Denis Manturov has his own interest. He repeatedly tried to push through the IAC to issue a developer and manufacturer certificate for JSC Russian Helicopters (VR), which he created. And I regularly received the answer: to carry out certification in accordance with AP-21, it is necessary to prepare Required documents(including real material production). But the Verkhovna Rada is a bureaucratic superstructure with a staff of about 800 people. Material production, she is a common shareholder in a number of helicopter assets, each of which has its own production certificates

and/or development aviation technology, does not have it on its balance sheet. After several attempts to persuade the MAK management, Manturov, apparently, began to “draw” certificates from the Ministry of Industry and Trade himself. But so far no one outside Russia recognizes them. However, this does not prevent them from selling them at a reasonable price to enterprises, receiving fees for “certification”.

What will destruction lead to?

Also had their interest in “overclocking” the MAC. federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSMTC), which, together with BP, came up with its own system of external “military certification” of repair enterprises. Although it seems that this is a completely illegal action, since in other countries military trade and repair services are regulated in the same way as in the Russian Federation, at the level of special national regulators.

Thus, it turns out that the group of interested parties in the liquidation of MAK is Denis Manturov (Minister of Industry and Trade), the leadership of the FSMTC and Alexander Neradko (Rosaviation), and it was headed by order of Dmitry Medvedev Arkady Dvorkovich. This group organized the raid on MAK.

Undoubtedly, in many areas there are questions about the activities of the MAK and its director Tatyana Anodina. But this cannot be the reason for the destruction of an entire interstate institution on which the entire contractual basis on aviation issues rests. The destruction of MAK will entail the collapse of the entire external contractual base not only for the Russian Federation, but also for the countries of the former USSR.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade has moved the switch

Against the backdrop of aspiration Russian authorities to integrate the states of the former Union into a single system, the collapse of MAK (a ready-made integrator of the aviation space) appears to be the absence of any elementary state logic.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade, having encountered big problems in matters of reorganization, has already turned its attention to the Federal Air Transport Agency. And Russia sent out official notification notes that the functions of MAK were transferred to the Federal Air Transport Agency. But I didn’t receive an approving response to any of them.

The organizers of the destruction of MAK did not attach any importance to the fact that aviation security issues are not regulated by notification. There is a two-way principle of recognition of qualifications and other attributes of this area.

The US and the EU have been aligning their positions for eight years, and this is with full favorable attitude. No one knows how long Alexander Neradko will connect them in the current conditions of confrontation between Russia and the West.

To create a contractual framework with EASA, it is necessary to sign an intergovernmental agreement with the European Commission. And here it is a big problem, because if at least one EU state is against it, then Russia will not see such an agreement.

And before it’s too late, this process must be stopped urgently. Since the decision was made to transfer to the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation the functions previously performed by IAC, the proper execution of the powers assigned to the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Federal Air Transport Agency in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 28, 2015 No. 1283 was not organized.

In the zone high risk

The Russian aviation industry is in a high risk zone of zeroing out the export potential for civil aviation products (SSJ, MS-21 programs, Mi-172, Mi-171A1, Ka-32A11BC helicopters, etc.) at least throughout the entire period of work on recognition new system certification. Considering that in modern world exists high level competition in the aviation sector, it can be assumed that the reformatting of regulation in the aviation field will be used by external competitors both in the global market and to obtain preferences within Russia in exchange for even partial recognition of the new certification system.

To get out of this situation, it would be useful to cancel earlier decisions made and return to the already created system based on MAK, carry out a change of leadership within the framework of Russian law in this organization. And also convene the Council on Aviation and Airspace Use. Approve a new candidate for the post of chairman. Adopt updated rules of procedure for the Council. But professional competence the new leader must be recognized by ICAO and other international aviation structures. Lawyers and effective managers"will not be accepted there.

Interstate aviation committee(IAC) is the executive body of 11 states of the former USSR (Commonwealth of Independent States) for functions and powers delegated by states in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace.

The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency European Union on regulation and execution of tasks in the field of civil aviation safety.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) - central authority government controlled USA in the field of civil aviation.

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) – specialized institution The UN, which sets international standards for civil aviation and coordinates its development to improve safety and efficiency.

The Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSMTC of Russia) is a federal executive body of Russia that exercises control and supervision in the field of military-technical cooperation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) was established on a contractual basis on December 30, 1991. It is included in the ICAO Register of International Intergovernmental Organizations and registered in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

IAC is an intergovernmental organization sovereign states region of Eastern Europe acceded to the Agreement on Civil Aviation and on the Use of Airspace, which was signed in Minsk (Republic of Belarus). As of the end

2005, 12 states are parties to the Agreement: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Georgia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Republic of Uzbekistan and Ukraine. Two states - the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Estonia - have observer status.

In accordance with the powers delegated by the founding states, the IAC is designed to serve the goals of a unified policy and coordination of activities in the field of use of airspace, air traffic control, certification of aircraft, airfields and equipment, investigation of aviation accidents, ensuring the unification of Aviation Rules systems, development of a coordinated policy in the field of air transport, coordination of the development and implementation of interstate scientific and technical programs. Since the degree of delegation of powers to the IAC by the founding states is not the same, the nature of their participation in the activities of the IAC has significant differences.

The main activities of the IAC are:

development and formation of the structure of unified Aviation Rules and Procedures in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace in the CIS region, as well as their harmonization with Aviation Rules recognized by the World Aviation Community;

creation and operation unified system certification of aviation equipment and its production, its harmonization with other international systems;

preservation for the CIS member states of a professional independent body for the investigation of aviation accidents, ensuring an objective investigation of aviation accidents not only in the territories of the Commonwealth states, but also beyond their borders;

protection for the CIS countries of the air transport services market through interstate agreements and agreed upon regulations in the field of tariffs and mutual settlements;

coordination of interaction between authorized bodies in emergency situations and in zones of local military conflicts on the territory of the states parties to the Agreement;

fight against illegal interference in civil aviation activities;

development international cooperation with states and international civil aviation organizations in order to integrate the states party to the Agreement into the global aviation community.

Often the abbreviation MAK appears in news feeds and on news websites, in connection with aviation topics, as well as investigations of major plane crashes. Let's try to understand the activities and purpose of this department, what it does, what powers it has.

The official website of the International Aviation Committee positions its work as a service to achieve safety and systematic development of civil aviation, as well as increase effective use aviation space of all states that have become participants in this program.

History of creation. Development process

Created at the end of 1991 between 12 independent states former USSR, on the basis of a special agreement, the interstate aviation committee began to monitor and control compliance with the following standards:

uniform aviation rules;
a unified certification system for the use and production of airliners;
airworthiness standards;
assessment of the category of airfields and their equipment;
independent investigation of aircraft crashes and incidents;
organization together with the coordination of airspace development and management.

In the summer of 1992, the IAC Aviation Committee was included in the list of intergovernmental organizations, which confirms its activities as complying with all international and national legislation of the participating countries.

Sign on the MAK building

Main participating countries

Today it includes interstate committee consists of eleven states. Here is their list:

Armenia;
Kyrgyzstan;
Kazakhstan;
Azerbaijan;
Belarus;
Russia;
Moldova;
Uzbekistan;
Turkmenistan;
Tajikistan;
Ukraine.

Main activities of the Committee

Of course, with such a vast territory covered by the participating countries, the activities of the committee are very diverse. Let's dwell on its main directions.

Certification of aviation equipment production

To ensure safety and airworthiness, a regulatory framework for phased certification was created, adapted to many world standards.

It is according to this that not only aircraft and aircraft engines of the participating countries are certified, but also their elements. Upon completion of this procedure, a single certificate is issued, valid and recognized in the territory of these countries, but also in the following states:

Canada;
Iran;
India;
China;
European Union;
Brazil;
Egypt;
Mexico;
Indonesia and others.

Assessment and certification of airfields and their equipment

The created base of rules, approved by all countries that are members of the interstate committee, allows it to issue certificates for all types of airfields accepted throughout the territory of operation of this structure.

Conducting independent investigations

The IAC conducts investigations into air crashes when they occur on all airliners of the participating countries, not only on their territory, but also outside it. The main principle is the independence of the research conducted, as recommended in international practice.

Coordinating the development of civil aviation

The formation and implementation of interstate policy, the creation of economic interest, accessible competitive ability is the most significant part of the work of the IAC. This includes the following areas of cooperation:

training of high-level specialists;
development of tariff policy;
simplification of customs procedures;
interaction in emergency situations;
aeromedicine;
countering aviation terrorism and more.

Headquarters building in Moscow

Restriction of activities and deprivation of many powers

For more than 23 years, the International Aviation Committee has conducted accident investigations and certified airliners, airfields and airlines. But after certain circumstances, at the end of 2015, by decree of the Russian Government, almost all certification activities were transferred to the Ministry of Transport and the Federal Air Transport Agency, and the MAK was deprived of its powers. Despite this, the Committee continues its work.

Reasons for distrust

One of the areas of work of the IAC was conducting investigations of aircraft accidents. It was mistrust in the results of these investigations that was the reason for the limitation and redistribution of the committee’s powers between other structures Russian aviation. Let's look at some of them.

1997, route Irkutsk-Phan Rang

After takeoff, the plane crashed into a residential area, and the reason was the failure of three out of four engines at once. The IAC cited overloading of the airliner as the main reason, along with pilot error. He also carried out certification of this vessel a little earlier. Experts agree that the main cause of the fall is engine failure.

Tu-154M on the Crimean Peninsula

In the fall of 2001, during joint military exercises on the Crimean Peninsula, a Sibir Airlines plane was shot down by a Ukrainian missile. Despite the findings of the IAC, the Kyiv court rejected the carrier’s claim for damages, citing their unreliability. Eventually financial questions have not been resolved to date.

MAK showed how recorders are deciphered

Route Yerevan - Sochi 2006

More than 120 people died when an Armavia airliner crashed over the Black Sea. The Interstate Committee points out the inadequate actions of the pilots as the main reason. Experts point to the lack of information in the committee’s report about the quality of the airfield’s meteorological equipment, which could have been the main cause of this disaster.

Flight from Poland 2010

A government plane from Warsaw crashed in Smolensk with 96 passengers on board. Despite the participation of foreign specialists in the investigation, the IAC in its final report indicates the main cause of the disaster was the incorrect actions of the pilots and their insufficient training. The Polish group, along with other experts, point out the technical shortcomings of the Severny airfield in Smolensk.

The main complaints against MAK

In his book, test pilot V. Gerasimov highlights a number of main complaints about the work of the interstate committee in the investigation of aircraft accidents, which became the main reasons for limiting this activity:

delaying the investigation, up to several years;
Certification of ships and investigation of the causes of the crash by the same organization leads to unreliable and ineffective conclusions;

Anodina Tatyana Grigorievna

Chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor (since 1981), Laureate of State Prizes, Honored Scientist, holder of the highest orders of Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, etc. According to Russian legislation, he has the rank of Federal Minister.

She passed all scientific positions from junior researcher to Director of the leading research institute in the field of air navigation, which she headed for 20 years. For more than 10 years she headed the Main Scientific and Technical Directorate of the Ministry. For many years he has held various senior scientific and administrative positions. Carried out teaching activities. Currently collaborating with the department international law MGIMO.

Initiator of the creation and since 1991, by decision of the Heads of State, Chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee.

Head of the creation of a system of independent investigation of aviation accidents and international system certification of aviation equipment and airfields, fully harmonized with European and American ones.
MAK is the first regional organization in the field of independent investigation and certification, legal principles and whose experience served as the basis for the creation similar organizations in the European Union (in 2002), Latin America and other regions of the world. In 2010, this principle was enshrined in the standards of Annex 13 to the ICAO Chicago Convention.

IAC has been a member for 10 years international organization ITSA independent investigation bodies (a total of 17 organizations).

With the direct participation of T. Anodina, they were created and certified, including within the framework international projects, new aircraft: Il-86, Il-96, Il-114, An-124, An-70, An-140/148, Ka-32, Tu-204, RRJ and others.

Under her scientific leadership, the first automated systems air traffic control, navigation and landing of aircraft, which are operated in more than 100 airfields and control centers.
Initiator of the USSR's entry into ICAO (190 states of the world) and the transition to international standards in the field of air navigation and technical equipment for airfields and air routes. She was a member of the ICAO specialized committee on the strategy of future air navigation systems based on the use of the global satellite navigation system, which included representatives of 5 states - the USA, France, Australia, Japan, and the USSR.

As part of this strategy adopted by ICAO for international civil aviation, an agreement was reached to recognize the GLONASS system as part of the global satellite system (along with GPS). The results of this work were recognized worldwide scientific achievement. In 1997, T. Anodina was awarded the Highest International Prize in the field of aviation - the E. Warner Prize, as a world-famous scientist, major researcher and organizer of the creation and implementation of national, regional and global satellite technologies for civil use. Since 1959, 31 people have been awarded this Prize.

Over the 20 years of IAC activity, 536 aviation accidents have been investigated in 76 countries. 134 types of aircraft manufactured in Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, USA, Canada, Europe, Brazil, etc. are certified. 80 international airfields, 516 types of airfield equipment of Russian and foreign production are certified.

People who regularly follow news, especially those related to the topic of aviation transportation, such as plane crashes, periodically come across the abbreviation indicated by the letters MAK. Many people do not know that this abbreviation stands for “International Aviation Committee,” also called interstate.

A special department was created to monitor order in any industry related to air transport activities. The organization cooperates with ICAO, which oversees civil aviation, and performs an important mission.

At the end of 1991, a special Agreement was concluded between twelve countries of the planet, designed to ensure maximum safety and efficiency for aircraft performing civil air transportation.

IN this document many nuances are spelled out that affect the specifics of the development of passenger transportation, and since compliance with the adopted rules requires control, it was decided to create a departmental body - the Interstate Organization for Aviation Affairs. The official website of the International Aviation Committee talks about the activities of the institution:

development of rules according to which flights are carried out;
the procedure for the creation and operation of aircraft;
system for issuing certificates and permits for the use of aviation equipment;
aircraft airworthiness standards;
assessment of the condition of airfields, awarding them certain categories;
participation as an independent expert in determining the causes of the crashes and emergency situations related to civil aviation;
organization of the general procedure for the use of airspace, coordination and management of the development of passenger air transportation.

Just six months later, the Committee was included in the list of bodies with international status, that is, influencing certain sectors of many world states. A huge amount of work was done for this, because all norms proposed for adoption were necessarily checked for compliance with the legislation of the countries that have acceded to the Agreement. However, in the end, consensus was reached. The list of participants today looks like this:

The Republic of Azerbaijan;
Republic of Armenia;
Belarus;
Kazakhstan;
Republic of Kyrgyzstan;
Republic of Moldova;
Russian Federation;
Turkmenistan;
Ukraine (there are references to the withdrawal of the state from the Committee, however, there is currently no official confirmation);
The Republic of Tajikistan;
The Republic of Uzbekistan.

The organization's head office is located in the capital of Russia, with representative offices located in states that have joined the IAC.

Naturally, a very long article could be written about the work of the International Aviation Committee, since the number of countries and the vast territory they occupy determines an extremely wide field of activity. The actions of the IAC members are carried out with the full legislative support of the leadership of the countries that are members of the Committee.

The powers vested in the organization are confirmed by official decrees, resolutions and other documents adopted in the territory of a particular country. Basically, society representatives deal with the following items:

1. Issuance of certificates and permits for production aircraft and them technical elements. To ensure safety for passengers during flights and long service life for aircraft, standards have been prepared in accordance with which certification is carried out in a stepwise manner. The basis was global and European standards, that is this procedure carried out in accordance with international standards. Enterprises that have passed the inspection receive a certificate, the validity of which extends, in addition to the participating countries, to the following states:

USA;
Indonesia;
Canada;
Egypt;
India;
Brazil;
members of the European Union;
China;
Republic of South Africa;
Iran;
Mexico and some other countries.

2. Assessment of take-off and landing areas, their structure and functioning, assignment of categories and certification. According to accepted standards, after the permission of a commission organized by the Committee, airfields of partner countries have the right to receive and dispatch aircraft, as well as, if necessary, carry out maintenance of airliners.

3. Analysis of situations requiring verification by independent experts. Aircraft crashes and emergencies periodically occur with aircraft of many countries on the planet, including emergency situations with aircraft of countries that are members of the Interstate Air Force. The International Aviation Committee investigates the causes of problems that have arisen on the territory of any country if the airliner belongs to a jurisdictional area.

4. IAC specialists are also involved in increasing demand for passenger air transportation, increasing the competitiveness of controlled airlines. In particular, the following actions are being taken in this area:

improving the qualifications of service personnel;
tracking pricing and marketing policies;
facilitating operations related to customs inspections;
development and improvement medical care at airports and on board aircraft;
effective anti-terrorism activities;
providing the opportunity to carry out procedures related to flights through Internet resources.

The official website of the International Aviation Committee states that the association successfully cooperates with the world well-known organizations engaged in similar activities, and has several signed agreements developed by IAC specialists.

After more than two decades of hard work and successful activity, the powers of the organization were practically eliminated by order of the leadership of the Russian Federation. In 2015, the Ministry of Transport of Russia and Federal agency air transport. However, the Committee has not been abolished, and some activity still remains.

The problem did not arise out of nowhere. The reason for the distrust in the results of the work of the IAC was the results of some accidents that occurred with the airliners of the countries participating in the Agreement. After several similar investigations, the rights and responsibilities of the alliance were limited, and most of them were transferred to the Federal Air Transport Agency and the Ministry of Transport. It all started in 1997, when a plane flying from Irkutsk to Phan Rang crashed in a residential part of one of the cities.

The disaster was caused by the cessation of operation of most of the engines; three stopped functioning, and there were four in total. Committee experts stated that the pilot made a mistake, which, coupled with the overcrowding of the airliner, led to the crash of the aircraft. However, given that the issuance of the operating permit was also carried out by employees of the International Aviation Committee, it was decided to involve additional independent experts in the work. After an inspection, they identified irregularities in the operation of the failed engines.

Four years later, a tragedy occurred in Crimea, where Russian and Ukrainian military training was taking place. air force. A missile fired by the Ukrainians shot down an S7 Airlines airliner. Employees of the aviation committee clearly decided the issue not in favor of the Ukrainian military, but the Kiev Judicial authority considered the arguments provided insufficient for a positive decision on material compensation. On this moment the situation has still not been resolved, since neither party admits guilt in what happened.

In 2006, an airliner belonging to the Armenian air carrier Armavia crashed into the sea along with all its passengers. There were no survivors from the crash. According to IAC experts, the pilots took some steps that served as the impetus for the plane crash, while necessary actions was not carried out, apparently in a state of panic. An independent investigation carried out at the same time revealed that the Committee’s conclusion did not contain data on the presence at the arrival aerodrome of equipment that would facilitate landing in difficult conditions. weather conditions, and its proper operation.

In 2010, there was a loud air accident over Smolensk. A plane carrying nearly a hundred passengers, flying from Warsaw and carrying members of the governments of several countries on board, crashed. Naturally, the analysis of the emergency incident was carried out by both members of the IAC and foreign organizations, whose experts came to the conclusion that the runway at the arrival airport was in poor condition, which was the cause of the crash. However, the Committee's specialists considered that the pilots who flew the plane had a low level of training and made a number of mistakes during landing.

As a result, the accumulated precedents became so numerous that the International Aviation Committee was forced to suspend its activities. In addition to the suspicion of falsifying the results of accidents that occurred in the air, senior management showed dissatisfaction with the too long processing times.

Some cases have been pending for years. In addition, MAC participants, protected by diplomatic status, avoided punishment even for obvious mistakes made during various procedures.