M Aviation Committee. Interstate Aviation Committee

According to Life, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree establishing the International Bureau for the Investigation of Aircraft Accidents and Serious Incidents. The new structure is designed to perform the functions of the IAC, created back in 1991. IN new structure will include specialists from Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, which are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The doors to the new international organization are also open to other CIS countries.

Part of the functions of the IAC for certification of aircraft, engines and airfields is planned to be transferred to the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Federal Air Transport Agency.

Thus, according to the instructions of the Prime Minister, the functions of the IAC for certifying types of aircraft will be transferred to the Federal Air Transport Agency, airfields - to the Ministry of Transport, and engines and propellers - to the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Previously, these functions were delegated to the IAC, essentially on a voluntary basis.

The government believes that, unlike the IAC, the new Bureau will conduct investigations not only of accidents, but also of serious incidents that differ not only in consequences, but also in circumstances.

The main function of the new structure is an expert investigation into the circumstances of aviation accidents, says a Life source in the Russian Government.

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation notes that after the formation of national air legislation in Russia and other CIS countries, the 1991 agreement on the creation of IAC “has largely lost its functions.”

The new structure will include Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan - members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Negotiations with countries included in the EurAsEC took place throughout 2018. They were talking about their inclusion in the International Bureau for Aircraft Accidents and Serious Incident Investigation.

According to the executive director of the Aviaport company, Oleg Panteleev, if the creation of a new investigation body takes place without haste, then the new bureau will have time to prepare personnel, scientific, technical and material base for its work. At the same time, maintaining interaction with the IAC in this area will make it possible to use the developments of highly qualified specialists and international contacts.

Life sources in the aviation industry express another version of the creation of the International Bureau for the Investigation of Aircraft Accidents and Serious Incidents under the Eurasian economic union(EAEU). In their opinion, this is how Rosaviatsiya is trying to take control of the system of independent investigations that the MAK has been conducting for 27 years.

Honored Pilot of the Russian Federation, Hero of Russia Magomed Tolboev says that he does not understand why create a new structure for investigating aviation accidents in the CIS countries and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), if competent specialists worked at the IAC.

Experts attribute the problems of the MAC in Russia and its legal status on the territory of the country.

On the one hand, the IAC is the federal executive body of the Russian Federation responsible for investigating aircraft accidents, and on the other hand, interstate structure, unaccountable to Russia. This is where the legal conflict lies.

The MAC, its officials, as well as the decisions they make are beyond the control of the administrative and judicial system of the Russian Federation. Consequently, the MAC is a supranational body, absolutely free to make any decisions, which excludes legal mechanisms for involving it officials to liability, and also does not allow the use of judicial and administrative means provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation for the violated rights of subjects of aviation activity,” lawyer Alexander Ostrovsky explained to Life.

Now the IAC is investigating all aviation accidents involving aircraft of states parties to the agreement, both on their territories and beyond, as well as within the framework of agreements concluded with other states. The main principle of the IAC investigation system is independence, which is in accordance with the recommendations of the International Organization civil aviation(ICAO), International Association air transport (IATA) and the European Community Directive regarding the independent investigation of aircraft accidents.

Interstate aviation committee(MAK) was established on December 30, 1991. The parties to this agreement to date are the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Republic of Uzbekistan and Ukraine.

The IAC itself refused to tell Life details about the creation of a new structure.

The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) does not comment on decisions government agencies Russian Federation,” the IAC told Life.

According to Life, Russia may announce its withdrawal from the IAC at the next meeting of the executive committee, which will lead to a chain reaction.

It cannot be ruled out that, following Russia, representatives of other participating countries will announce their withdrawal from the IAC founders. Then the organization will simply cease to exist,” said Life’s interlocutor familiar with the situation.

People who regularly follow news, especially those related to the topic of aviation transportation, such as plane crashes, periodically come across the abbreviation indicated by the letters MAK. Many people do not know that this abbreviation stands for “International Aviation Committee,” also called interstate.

A special department was created to monitor order in any industry related to air transport activities. The organization cooperates with ICAO, which oversees civil aviation, and carries out an important mission.

At the end of 1991, a special Agreement was concluded between twelve countries of the planet, designed to ensure maximum safety and efficiency for aircraft performing civil air transportation.

IN this document many nuances are spelled out that affect the specifics of the development of passenger transportation, and since compliance with the adopted rules requires control, it was decided to create a departmental body - the Interstate Organization for Aviation Affairs. The official website of the International Aviation Committee talks about the activities of the institution:

development of rules according to which flights are carried out;
the procedure for the creation and operation of aircraft;
system for issuing certificates and permits for the use of aviation equipment;
aircraft airworthiness standards;
assessment of the condition of airfields, awarding them certain categories;
participation as an independent expert in determining the causes of crashes and emergencies related to civil aviation;
organization of the general procedure for the use of airspace, coordination and management of the development of passenger air transportation.

Just six months later, the Committee was included in the list of bodies with international status, that is, influencing certain sectors of many world states. A huge amount of work was done for this, because all norms proposed for adoption were necessarily checked for compliance with the legislation of the countries that have acceded to the Agreement. However, in the end, consensus was reached. The list of participants today looks like this:

Republic of Azerbaijan;
Republic of Armenia;
Belarus;
Kazakhstan;
Kyrgyz Republic;
Republic of Moldova;
Russian Federation;
Turkmenistan;
Ukraine (there are references to the withdrawal of the state from the Committee, however, there is currently no official confirmation);
Republic of Tajikistan;
Republic of Uzbekistan.

The head office of the organization is located in the capital of Russia, with representative offices located in states that have joined the IAC.

Naturally, a very long article could be written about the work of the International Aviation Committee, since the number of countries and the vast territory they occupy determines an extremely wide field of activity. The actions of the IAC members are carried out with the full legislative support of the leadership of the countries that are members of the Committee.

The powers vested in the organization are confirmed by official decrees, resolutions and other documents adopted in the territory of a particular country. Basically, society representatives deal with the following items:

1. Issuance of certificates and permits for production aircraft and them technical elements. To ensure safety for passengers during flights and long service life for aircraft, standards have been prepared in accordance with which certification is carried out in a stepwise manner. The basis was global and European standards, that is this procedure carried out in accordance with international standards. Enterprises that have passed the inspection receive a certificate, the validity of which extends, in addition to the participating countries, to the following states:

United States of America;
Indonesia;
Canada;
Egypt;
India;
Brazil;
members of the European Union;
China;
Republic of South Africa;
Iran;
Mexico and some other countries.

2. Assessment of take-off and landing areas, their structure and functioning, assignment of categories and certification. According to accepted standards, after the permission of a commission organized by the Committee, airfields of partner countries have the right to receive and dispatch aircraft, as well as, if necessary, carry out maintenance of airliners.

3. Analysis of situations requiring verification by independent experts. Aircraft crashes and emergencies periodically occur with aircraft of many countries on the planet, including emergency situations with aircraft of countries that are members of the Interstate Air Force. The International Aviation Committee investigates the causes of problems that have arisen on the territory of any country if the airliner belongs to a jurisdictional area.

4. IAC specialists are also involved in increasing demand for passenger air transportation, increasing the competitiveness of controlled airlines. In particular, the following actions are being taken in this area:

improving the qualifications of service personnel;
tracking pricing and marketing policies;
facilitating operations related to customs inspections;
development and improvement medical care at airports and on board aircraft;
effective anti-terrorism activities;
providing the opportunity to carry out procedures related to flights through Internet resources.

The official website of the International Aviation Committee states that the association successfully cooperates with the world well-known organizations engaged in similar activities, and has several signed agreements developed by IAC specialists.

After more than two decades of hard work and successful activity, the powers of the organization were practically eliminated by order of the leadership of the Russian Federation. In 2015, the Ministry of Transport of Russia and Federal agency air transport. However, the Committee has not been abolished, and some activity still remains.

The problem did not arise out of nowhere. The reason for the distrust in the results of the IAC’s work was the results of some accidents that occurred with the airliners of the countries participating in the Agreement. After several similar investigations, the rights and responsibilities of the alliance were limited, and most of them were transferred to the Federal Air Transport Agency and the Ministry of Transport. It all started in 1997, when a plane flying from Irkutsk to Phan Rang crashed in a residential part of one of the cities.

The disaster was caused by the cessation of operation of most of the engines; three stopped functioning, and there were four in total. Committee experts stated that the pilot made a mistake, which, coupled with the overcrowding of the airliner, led to the crash of the aircraft. However, given that the issuance of the operating permit was also carried out by employees of the International Aviation Committee, it was decided to involve additional independent experts in the work. After an inspection, they identified irregularities in the operation of the failed engines.

Four years later, a tragedy occurred in Crimea, where Russian and Ukrainian military training was taking place. air force. A missile fired by the Ukrainians shot down an S7 Airlines airliner. Employees of the aviation committee clearly decided the issue not in favor of the Ukrainian military, but the Kiev judicial body considered the arguments provided insufficient for a positive decision on material compensation. On at the moment the situation has still not been resolved, since neither party admits guilt in what happened.

In 2006, an airliner belonging to the Armenian air carrier Armavia crashed into the sea along with all its passengers. There were no survivors from the crash. According to IAC experts, the pilots took some steps that served as the impetus for the plane crash, while necessary actions was not carried out, apparently in a state of panic. An independent investigation carried out at the same time revealed that the Committee’s conclusion did not contain data on the presence at the arrival aerodrome of equipment that would facilitate landing in difficult conditions. weather conditions, and its proper operation.

In 2010, there was a loud air accident over Smolensk. A plane carrying nearly a hundred passengers, flying from Warsaw and carrying members of the governments of several countries on board, crashed. Naturally, the analysis of the emergency incident was carried out by both members of the IAC and foreign organizations, whose experts came to the conclusion that the runway at the arrival airport was in poor condition, which was the cause of the crash. However, the Committee's specialists considered that the pilots who flew the plane had a low level of training and made a number of mistakes during landing.

As a result, the accumulated precedents became so numerous that the International Aviation Committee was forced to suspend its activities. In addition to the suspicion of falsifying the results of accidents that occurred in the air, senior management showed dissatisfaction with the too long processing times.

Some cases have been pending for years. In addition, MAC participants, protected by diplomatic status, avoided punishment even for obvious mistakes made during various procedures.

IAC suspended the Boeing 737 type certificate in Russia

The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) was established on a contractual basis on December 30, 1991. It is included in the ICAO Register of International Intergovernmental Organizations and registered in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

IAC is an intergovernmental organization sovereign states region Eastern Europe acceded to the Agreement on Civil Aviation and on the Use of Airspace, which was signed in Minsk (Republic of Belarus). As of the end

2005, 12 states are parties to the Agreement: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Georgia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, the Republic of Uzbekistan and Ukraine. Two states - the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Estonia - have observer status.

In accordance with the powers delegated by the founding states, the IAC is designed to serve the goals of a unified policy and coordination of activities in the field of use of airspace, air traffic control, certification of aircraft, airfields and equipment, investigation of aviation accidents, ensuring the unification of Aviation Rules systems, development of a coordinated policy in the field of air transport, coordination of the development and implementation of interstate scientific and technical programs. Since the degree of delegation of powers to the IAC by the founding states is not the same, the nature of their participation in the activities of the IAC has significant differences.

The main activities of the IAC are:

development and formation of the structure of unified Aviation Rules and Procedures in the field of civil aviation and the use of airspace in the CIS region, as well as their harmonization with Aviation Rules recognized by the World Aviation Community;

creation and operation unified system certification aviation technology and its production, its harmonization with other international systems;

preservation for the CIS member states of a professional independent body for the investigation of aviation accidents, ensuring an objective investigation of aviation accidents not only in the territories of the Commonwealth states, but also beyond their borders;

protection for the CIS countries of the air transport services market through interstate agreements and agreed regulations in the field of tariffs and mutual settlements;

coordination of interaction between authorities in emergency situations and in zones of local military conflicts on the territory of the states parties to the Agreement;

fight against illegal interference in civil aviation activities;

development international cooperation with states and international organizations civil aviation in order to integrate the states parties to the Agreement into the global aviation community.

The abbreviation MAK often appears in news feeds and on news websites, in connection with aviation topics, as well as investigations of major plane crashes. Let's try to understand the activities and purpose of this department, what it does, what powers it has.

The official website of the International Aviation Committee positions its work as a service to achieve safety and systematic development of civil aviation, as well as increase effective use aviation space of all states that have become participants in this program.

History of creation. Development process

Created at the end of 1991 between 12 independent states former USSR, on the basis of a special agreement, the interstate aviation committee began to monitor and control compliance with the following standards:

uniform aviation rules;
a unified certification system for the use and production of airliners;
airworthiness standards;
assessment of the category of airfields and their equipment;
independent investigation of aircraft crashes and incidents;
organization together with the coordination of airspace development and management.

In the summer of 1992, the IAC Aviation Committee was included in the list of intergovernmental organizations, which confirms its activities as complying with all international and national legislation of the participating countries.

Sign on the MAK building

Main participating countries

Today it includes interstate committee consists of eleven states. Here is their list:

Armenia;
Kyrgyzstan;
Kazakhstan;
Azerbaijan;
Belarus;
Russia;
Moldova;
Uzbekistan;
Turkmenistan;
Tajikistan;
Ukraine.

Main activities of the Committee

Of course, with such a vast territory covered by the participating countries, the activities of the committee are very diverse. Let us dwell on its main directions.

Certification of aviation equipment production

To ensure safety and airworthiness, a regulatory framework for phased certification was created, adapted to many world standards.

It is according to this that not only aircraft and aircraft engines of the participating countries are certified, but also their elements. Upon completion of this procedure, a single certificate is issued, valid and recognized in the territory of these countries, but also in the following states:

Canada;
Iran;
India;
China;
European Union;
Brazil;
Egypt;
Mexico;
Indonesia and others.

Assessment and certification of airfields and their equipment

The created base of rules, approved by all countries that are members of the interstate committee, allows it to issue certificates for all types of airfields accepted throughout the territory of operation of this structure.

Conducting independent investigations

The IAC conducts investigations into air crashes when they occur on all airliners of the participating countries, not only on their territory, but also outside it. The main principle is the independence of the research conducted, as recommended in international practice.

Coordinating the development of civil aviation

The formation and implementation of interstate policy, the creation of economic interest, accessible competitive ability is the most significant part of the work of the IAC. This includes the following areas of cooperation:

training of high-level specialists;
development of tariff policy;
simplification of customs procedures;
interaction in emergency situations;
aeromedicine;
countering aviation terrorism and more.

Headquarters building in Moscow

Restriction of activities and deprivation of many powers

For more than 23 years, the International Aviation Committee has conducted accident investigations and certification of airliners, airfields and airlines. But after certain circumstances, at the end of 2015, by decree of the Russian Government, almost all certification activities were transferred to the Ministry of Transport and the Federal Air Transport Agency, and the MAK was deprived of its powers. Despite this, the Committee continues its work.

Reasons for distrust

One of the areas of work of the IAC was conducting investigations of aircraft accidents. It was mistrust in the results of these investigations that was the reason for the limitation and redistribution of the committee’s powers between other structures Russian aviation. Let's look at some of them.

1997, route Irkutsk-Phanrang

After takeoff, the plane crashed into a residential area, and the reason was the failure of three out of four engines at once. The IAC cited overloading of the airliner as the main reason, along with pilot error. He also carried out certification of this vessel a little earlier. Experts agree that the main cause of the fall is engine failure.

Tu-154M on the Crimean Peninsula

In the fall of 2001, during joint military exercises on the Crimean Peninsula, a Sibir Airlines plane was shot down by a Ukrainian missile. Despite the findings of the IAC, the Kyiv court rejected the carrier’s claim for damages, citing their unreliability. In the end financial matters have not been resolved to date.

MAK showed how recorders are deciphered

Route Yerevan - Sochi 2006

More than 120 people died when an Armavia airliner crashed over the Black Sea. The Interstate Committee points out the inadequate actions of the pilots as the main reason. Experts point to the lack of information in the committee’s report about the quality of the airfield’s meteorological equipment, which could have been the main cause of this disaster.

Flight from Poland 2010

A government plane from Warsaw crashed in Smolensk with 96 passengers on board. Despite the participation of foreign specialists in the investigation, the IAC in its final report indicates the main cause of the disaster was the incorrect actions of the pilots and their insufficient training. The Polish group, along with other experts, point out the technical shortcomings of the Severny airfield in Smolensk.

The main complaints against MAK

In his book, test pilot V. Gerasimov highlights a number of main complaints about the work of the interstate committee in the investigation of aircraft accidents, which became the main reasons for limiting this activity:

delaying the investigation, up to several years;
Certification of ships and investigation of the causes of the crash by the same organization leads to unreliable and ineffective conclusions;

Established on the basis of the intergovernmental “Agreement on Civil Aviation and the Use of Airspace” signed in December 1991. In accordance with Article 8 of this agreement, the IAC is the executive body ensuring the implementation of decisions of the Council on Aviation and the Use of Airspace, created by the agreement as an international governmental organization. Council sessions are held at least once a quarter, and draft programs and agendas are presented by the Chairman of the IAC and approved by the Council. The Chairman of the IAC is appointed by a resolution of the Council of Heads of Member States Economic Community(since 1991 this position has been held by T. G. Anodina).

Long time The IAC, as the successor to the Soviet Commissions on the use of airspace, air traffic control and state supervision of aircraft safety (in terms of functions agreed upon by the CIS states), dealt with a wide range of issues of certification in civil aviation and investigation of aviation accidents in the interests of sponsor states. About legal status MAC has different opinions, a number of lawyers believe that MAC is not a subject international law and cannot independently exercise any authority, much less state functions of the Russian Federation or another CIS state. At the same time, the IAC, as an executive body of an international governmental organization, and its employees, who are international personnel, cannot be held responsible for the improper performance of their functions before government authorities of the Russian Federation or another CIS state.

Although the certification authority of the IAC in Russia expired in December 2015, AR IAC continues to issue type certificates for interested CIS countries. However, since 2015, the main task of the IAC is to conduct investigations of aviation accidents involving civil aviation aircraft (in