Primary school: morphological analysis of words. How to do a morphological analysis of a word

Morphological analysis of independent parts of speech

Noun

Analysis plan
I. Part of speech. General grammatical meaning.

2. Constant features: a) proper or common noun, b) animate or inanimate, c) gender, d) declension.
Non-constant signs: a) case, b) number.

Sample parsing

The quiet Don flows quietly."

Oral analysis:

Don is a noun, denotes an object, answers the question what? The initial form is Don; proper, inanimate; masculine; the 2nd cl. is used in the form of a nominative singular part (has no plural) in the sentence plays the role of the subject.

Adjective

Analysis plan
II. Morphological characteristics:
1. Initial form (nominative case singular).
2. Constant signs: a) qualitative, relative or possessive.
Variable characteristics: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison, b) short or long form; 2) for all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (in singular).
III. Syntactic role in a sentence.

Sample parsing

Kolya painted bread, which was collected in large 3 stacks.

Oral analysis

Big is an adjective.
Firstly, it denotes the attribute of an object: (what?) bread. Initial shape: large.
Secondly, it has constant morphological characteristics: qualitative. Non-permanent signs: complete, vin.p., plural.

Written analysis:

Big is an adjective.
I. (What?) bread. N.f. - big.
II. Post.p.: quality; non-continuous p.: full, v.p., plural
III. The breads are (what kind?) large.

Numeral

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech. General meaning.
II. Morphological characteristics:
1. Initial form (nominative case).
2. Constant signs: simple or composite, quantitative or ordinal, category (for quantitative).
Non-constant features: case, number (if any), gender (if any).
III. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing

The school site covers ten 3 hectares.

Oral analysis

Ten is a numeral.
Firstly, it denotes quantity: hectares (how many?) ten. The initial form is ten.
Secondly, it has constant morphological characteristics: simple, quantitative, denotes an integer. Inconstant features: used in the accusative case.
Thirdly, in the sentence it is part of the addition: it occupies (what?) ten hectares.

Written analysis

Ten is the number.
I. Hectares (how many?) ten. N. f. - ten.
II. Post.p: simple, quantitative, integer. Non-post.p: in wine. pad.
III. It occupies (what?) ten hectares.

Pronoun

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech. General meaning.
II. Morphological characteristics:
1. Initial form.
2. Constant signs: rank by value; face (for personal).
Non-permanent signs: death; gender (if any); number (if any).
III. Syntactic function.

Sample parsing

My 3 optimism was born from studying science, and I 3 would like to instill it in everyone 3 ... (D. Mendeleev)

Oral analysis

My is a pronoun.
Firstly, it points to a sign: optimism is (whose?) mine. The initial form is mine.
Secondly, it has a constant morphological feature: possessive; inconstant signs: stands in the nominative case, singular, masculine.
Thirdly, the sentence is a definition.

Me is a pronoun.
Firstly, it points to the subject: it would be desirable (to whom?) for me. The initial form is me.
Secondly, it has a constant morphological feature - personal; inconsistent: used in the dative case, singular.

Each has a pronoun.
Firstly, it indicates the subject: to instill (to whom?) everyone. The initial form is everyone.
Secondly, it has a constant morphological feature: it is definitive; inconstant signs: stands in the dative case, singular, masculine.
Thirdly, the sentence is an object.

Written analysis

My (optimism) is places.
1. (Whose?) mine. N. f. - my.
2. Post: possessive. Unposted: in i. p., units h., m.r.
3. Optimism (whose?) is mine.

There's room for me.
1. (To whom?) to me. N. f. - I.
2. Post: personal. Non-constant: in d.p., units. h.
3. It would be desirable (to whom?) for me.

There's a place for everyone.
1. (Which?) everyone. N. f. - every.
2. Post.: definitive. Non-constant: in d.p., units. h., m.r.
3. Instill (to whom?) everyone.

Verb

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech. General meaning.
II. Morphological characteristics:
1. Initial form ( indefinite form).
2. Permanent characteristics: appearance; repayment; transitivity/intransitivity; conjugation.
Variable signs: inclination; time (if any); face (if any); number; gender (if any).
III. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing

The future belongs to 3 people of honest work (M. Gorky).

Oral analysis

Belongs - verb.
Firstly, it denotes an action: (what does it do?) belongs. The initial form is to belong.
Secondly, it has constant features: imperfective form, intransitive, II conjugation. Used in the indicative mood, in the singular, in the present tense, in the 3rd person - these are inconstant signs.
Thirdly, the sentence is a predicate.

Written analysis

Belongs - verb.
I. (What does it do?) belongs. N. f. - belong.
II. Post.p.: nesov. type, non-trans., II reference. Non-post.p.: in will express. incl., in units h., in 3rd l.
III. The future (what does?) belongs.

Adverb

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech. General meaning.
II. Morphological characteristics:
1. An unchangeable word.
2. Degree of comparison (if any).
III. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing

The wind was gusty 3.

Oral analysis

Impetuously - adverb.
Firstly, it denotes a sign of action: it blew (how?) impulsively.
Secondly, it is an unchangeable word.
Thirdly, in a sentence it is a circumstance of the manner of action.

Written analysis

Impetuously - adverb;
I. Blowed (how?) impulsively.
II. Unism.
III. (How?) impulsively.

Morphological analysis of special verb forms

Participle

Analysis plan

II. Morphological characteristics:
1. Initial form (nominative singular masculine).
2. Constant signs: voice (active or passive), reflexivity, tense, aspect.
3. Variable signs: complete or short form, case (if any), number, gender (if any).
III. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing

The first room was covered with 3 logs of old newspapers (K. Simonov).

Oral analysis

Wallpapered (room) is a participle.
Firstly, it denotes the attribute of an object by action (a room that has been papered), derived from the verb paste over. The initial form is pasted over.
Secondly, it has constant signs: passive, past tense, perfective. This agrees with the word room and used in the short form, in the singular, in feminine These are not permanent signs.
Thirdly, in a sentence it is a nominal part of a compound predicate.

Written analysis

Pasted over - participle.
I. The room (what?) is papered - participle, special form of the verb to paste over.
II. N.f. - pasted over. Post.p: suffer., past. vr., owls V. Non-post.p: in multiples. f., units h., w. R.
III. The room (what?) is papered.

Participle

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech (special form of the verb). General meaning.
II. Morphological characteristics:
1. Initial form (infinitive form of the verb).
2. View.
3. Immutability.
III. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing

I looked at his face intently for several minutes, trying to notice at least a slight trace of repentance (M. Lermontov).

Oral analysis

Trying - gerund.
Firstly, it denotes an additional action (looked and tried to notice). The initial form is to try.
Secondly, it has the following morphological characteristics: imperfect appearance, immutability.
Thirdly, in the sentence there is a circumstance of purpose: he looked (for what purpose?) trying to notice repentance.

Written analysis

I. (Doing what?) trying - gerund.
II. N. f. - try. Post.p: nesov. c., unchangeable
III. I looked (for what purpose?) trying to notice remorse.

Morphological analysis of auxiliary parts of speech

Pretext

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech. General meaning.
II. Morphological character: immutability.
III. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing

Anxious jackdaws darted across the sky.

Oral analysis

Po is a preposition.
Firstly, it serves to connect the main word rushed about with dependent noun sky in the dative case.
Secondly, it has a morphological feature - an unchangeable word.
Thirdly, it is not a member of the proposals.

Written analysis

Po is a preposition.
I. Tossed |around| sky (d.p.).
II. Morph.p.: unchangeable

Union

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech.
II. Morphological characteristics:
Constants: coordinating or subordinating; simple or compound; unchangeable word.
III. Syntactic function.

Sample parsing

I heard about the blizzards there and knew that entire carts were carried away by them (A. Pushkin).

Oral analysis

And - union.
Firstly, it connects homogeneous predicates I heard And knew.
Secondly, it has morphological characteristics: coordinating, simple, unchangeable word.
Thirdly, it is not a member of the proposal.

Written analysis

And - union.
I. ═══ and ═══ .
II. Morph. p.: op., simple., unchangeable.
III. Not a member of the proposal.

Particle

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech. General meaning.
II. Morphological characteristics:
1) rank;
2) an unchangeable word.
III. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing

And here I would just take 3 to the left (I. Krylov).

Oral analysis

Would be a particle, since:
firstly, it participates in the formation of the conditional mood;
secondly, it is formative, it is an unchangeable word;
thirdly, it is not a member of the sentence.

Written analysis

Would be a particle.
I. Forms conditions. incl.
II. Morph.p.: shape, unchangeable.
III. Not a member of the proposal.

Interjection

Analysis plan

I. Part of speech.
II. Morphological characteristics:
1) type by education;
2) meaning;
3) an unchangeable word.
III. Syntactic role.

Sample parsing
Hey 3, good people, which of you is at home?

Oral analysis

Hey is an interjection, because,
firstly, it expresses motivation,
secondly, it is a non-derivative and unchangeable word,
thirdly, in a sentence it is not a member of the sentence.

Written analysis

I. Hey - interjection.
II. Morph.p.: unpronounced, expresses motivation, unchangeable.
III. Not a member of the proposal.

Literature

1. Russian language: Textbook. for 7th grade. general education institutions / M. T. Baranov, L. T. Grigoryan, T. A. Ladyzhenskaya and others - 20th ed. - M.: Education, 1999. - 191 p.: ill. - ISBN 5-09-008918-3.

At school it is imperative to be able to do morphological analysis of a word, because this type parsing is mandatory in curriculum. At the end of each morphology section, it is proposed to learn how to perform morphological analysis of a specific part of speech. In this way, the material is better remembered and assimilated, and students master practical linguistic skills. Performing parsing helps you quickly learn all grammatical categories and easily distinguish them in practice by analyzing specific words from the context.

When studying at philological faculties, much attention is also paid to morphological analysis. It acts as a consolidating and controlling method. At universities, linguists study expanded grammatical categories and study in more detail the linguistic uniqueness of each part of speech, so the morphological analysis there is much more complex and detailed.

Requirements for language analysis differ markedly, so it is necessary to carefully study guidelines specific educational institution. In modern linguistics, scientists have different views on individual grammatical categories: it is advisable not only to know the scheme of morphological analysis offered at the university, but also the position of linguists working in it. All this will be told on preparatory classes, detailed manuals for applicants are often issued. At school, the requirements depend on the software package used for training.

Basic requirements for performing morphological analysis
Despite the existing discrepancies in the field of morphological analysis different parts speeches exist General requirements. First of all, it is necessary to adhere to a clear algorithm when parsing a word. It is necessary to know the general categorical meanings of all parts of speech. It is important to take into account the contextual meaning of the word so as not to confuse it with other similar linguistic units. Sometimes there are cases when students are inattentive to the meaning of a text fragment and confuse words that are homographs. As a result, they incorrectly determine the initial form and parse another linguistic unit. It is necessary to clearly distinguish between the changeable and unchangeable categories of each part of speech, so as not to mix them up, and not to forget to indicate the necessary data. The following recommendations will help you correctly make a morphological analysis of a word:

it is important to accurately define the word, its semantic load in the text, to find out what part of speech it is;
you must be careful about the initial form - it must be indicated correctly;
you need to analyze the word in strict accordance with the given algorithm;
first write unchangeable categories, and then changeable ones;
in the majority school programs And methodological manuals It is recommended not to simply list categories, but to write variable categories after a formal indication: “the word (...) is used in the form (...)”;
observed when specifying categories a certain order, for example, for nouns the number is indicated first, and then the case;
you should not try to necessarily find in a word all the categories inherent in a given part of speech, since some categories in the analyzed linguistic unit may not be;
it is required to determine the syntactic function of a word in a sentence, this is written in the last paragraph of analysis, but it is advisable to pay attention to the syntactic role right away - this sometimes helps to find out exactly what part of speech the word is.

By observing the general requirements, morphological analysis is much easier to perform. Deviations from the rules often lead to errors in the analysis, since even a violation of the order of analysis introduces confusion into the process.

Algorithm for morphological word parsing

The word form of the analyzed word is written - it must be indicated exactly as it is used in the context, without changes.
Determined initial form words. For each part of speech, the rules for bringing a word into its initial form and its characteristics are individual:
- noun – nominative case, singular;
- adjective – nominative case, singular, masculine;
- ordinal number – nominative case, singular, masculine;
- quantitative, fractional or collective numeral – nominative case;
- pronoun – nominative case, singular, masculine (if any);
- adverb – part of speech does not change;
- verb – indefinite form (answers the questions “what to do?”, “What to do?”);
- participle – nominative case, masculine, singular;
- gerund - the part of speech does not change.
The general grammatical meaning of the word as a part of speech is indicated:
- noun – subject;
- adjective – a sign of an object;
- ordinal number – a sign of an object and quantity;
- collective, fractional, cardinal numeral – quantity;
- pronoun - an indication of the subject;
- adverb – sign of action, sign of attribute;
- verb – action;
- participle - a sign of an object by action;
- adverbial participle is an additional action.
Define all immutable grammatical categories. They also depend on the part of speech:
- noun: proper or common noun, animate / inanimate, gender, declension;
- adjective: category (divided into qualitative, relative, possessive), degree of comparison (only for qualitative, there is not always a category), short or long form (only for qualitative);
- numeral: simple, complex or compound; category (ordinal, collective, fractional, quantitative);
- pronoun: group in relation to parts of speech (for example, pronoun-noun), category by meaning, person (only for personal ones);
- adverb: rank in meaning (for example, adverb of time or adverb of manner), degree of comparison (if any);
- verb: reflexivity, transitivity, aspect (perfect or imperfect), conjugation (I and II);
- participle: voice (passive or active), form (full or short), tense, type, reflexivity;
- participle: aspect, reflexivity.
At this stage, you need to correctly indicate in what form the word is used in the context. Often students confuse the initial form and the word form, begin to analyze the changing categories and continue to look at the initial form. It is important to teach schoolchildren: changeable categories are determined only by the word form indicated in the first paragraph of analysis. Changeable categories:
- noun: number, case;
- adjective, numeral, pronoun, participle: case, number, gender (if any);
- adverb, gerund: unchangeable parts of speech;
- verb: mood, tense (for the indicative mood), number, person, gender (if any).
The final point of the morphological analysis of a word is the determination of the syntactic role of the word in a sentence. You need to carefully consider the sentence, because sometimes words perform functions that are unusual for themselves. In this case, it is possible to determine which syntactic roles are most characteristic of specific parts of speech:
- a noun is most often a subject and an object;
- an adjective is usually a modifier or a predicate;
- Numerals can be any members of a sentence, ordinal numbers are most often agreed upon definitions;
- pronouns can be any part of a sentence, it usually depends on what part of speech they are related to;
- adverbs are more often adverbial adverbs, but are capable of fulfilling any syntactic role;
- the standard syntactic function of a verb is the predicate;
- the participle more often becomes a definition;
- The participle usually plays the role of circumstance.

If you strictly follow this algorithm, take into account the individual requirements for morphological analysis in a particular educational institution, analyzing words is much more convenient. Violation of the parsing order may be counted as an error.

Some nuances of morphological analysis
When performing a morphological analysis of a word, it is important to remember that a word does not always have a standard set of familiar categories. Often diligent students waste a lot of time trying to find a specific category. In fact, a given linguistic unit may not have it. There are also difficulties in defining individual categories. You can note the main difficulties and subtleties of analysis that should be remembered.

Collective nouns are inanimate (students, youth). If nouns are used only in plural, they have no gender (sleigh, scissors). There is a concept of a general kind (clever girl, protégé). Collective, abstract, some material nouns and proper names have only the singular form. Some real, abstract, game names, proper names can only be used in the plural form.

It must be remembered that adjectives can move from one category to another, changing their meanings depending on the context. For example: Golden ring– made of gold, relative adjective; Golden heart - figurative meaning(good), qualitative adjective. Thus, when defining categories, it is necessary to be attentive to the lexical meaning of the word, its semantic connotation.

In linguistics, it is generally accepted that only qualitative adjectives can have a short form, but in the complex of Babaytseva and Chesnokova, the nominative case of possessive adjectives with the suffix –iii- also belongs to the short form.

Pronouns in no way, where, otherwise, which do not change, are sometimes classified as adverbs. The forms of relative and interrogative pronouns are the same, only interrogatives have an interrogative function. We need to differentiate simple shapes comparative degree adjectives and adverbs, taking into account the context. For example: cheetah faster than a cat(faster, adjective), the cheetah runs faster than the cat (faster, adverb). Words of the state category are now usually separated from adverbs, although in some places they are still combined. But in universities they are always studied separately, their differences from adverbs are indicated.

Transitivity of verbs is not studied in the complex of Babaytseva and Chesnokova, however, in specialized universities it is necessary to know this category. Only in the indicative mood there is a category of verb tense. The participle has two forms of tense - past and present. Only passive participles may be brief.

Taking into account and remembering all the subtleties of individual morphological categories, you can quickly and accurately make a morphological analysis of a word.

Students high school must acquire not only deep theoretical knowledge, but also strong practical skills. To this end, an important role in educational process is devoted to grammatical analysis, which helps to practically master the grammatical categories studied in the course of the modern Russian language, comprehend the rules of spelling and punctuation, systematize and consolidate the acquired knowledge. This type of exercise serves as an effective method for organizing independent classes in the Russian language, a method of self-control and testing knowledge. Grammar analysis is widely used in the study of all sections of grammar.

The subject of this series of articles is grammar analysis in Russian language lessons at school. Grammatical analysis is the analysis of certain grammatical phenomena in a given text (whole sentences or parts thereof, members of a sentence, individual morphemes, etc.), assigning them to one or another grammatical category and the grammatical characteristics of the broken sentence or individual word.

In Russian language lessons, any type of analysis presupposes a motivation for the answer: the student is required to provide a detailed, logically sound, coherent answer, which provides a description of the linguistic phenomenon and justifies its assignment to one or another grammatical category.

Thus, grammatical analysis helps to improve the general language culture of children, develops their speech, and helps to comprehend the logical connection of language phenomena.

The relevance of the articles lies in understanding the importance of distinguishing between concepts and types of grammatical analysis. This series of articles examines samples of phonetic, various types of morphological and syntactic, as well as spelling and punctuation analysis.

The novelty of the work lies in the breadth of material used for the analysis of various types of grammatical parsing.

The first article discusses the order and patterns phonetic analysis, morphemic, word-formation and etymological analysis. Phonetics is an important and difficult part of the Russian language course at school. The proposed schemes will help students organize independent study of this topic and systematize the knowledge gained.

The second article discusses the order and examples of morphological analysis.

Spelling and punctuation analysis have an important place in the school course, therefore, students must be proficient in these types of analysis. Since spelling and punctuation are closely related to grammar, this article includes schemes for spelling and punctuation analysis.

The third article provides a detailed analysis of spelling analysis, syntactic analysis of a phrase, a simple sentence: all its types (nominative, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal and non-conjunctive sentences), the order of their analysis and examples of analysis of one-part sentences are given.

The fourth article examines the analysis of complex sentences, gives an order and example of analysis by members of a sentence, an analysis of a complex and complex sentence and a sentence of a complex complex type.

And finally, the fifth article discusses issues related to non-conjunctive complex sentences (polynomial non-conjunctive complex sentences with different types union and non-union communications)

The purpose of this series of articles is to help students prepare for the Unified State Exam and Russian language lessons.

One of the tasks of preparing students for exams is to teach them to apply in practice the theoretical knowledge acquired while studying the Russian language school course.

The brief guidelines contained in each section of the article will help Russian language teachers and students determine the range of questions on each topic and the main direction in their work. Recommendations are given for the most difficult topics.

It is advisable to begin a full grammatical analysis after studying all the material on a given topic or section.

When practicing grammatical analysis according to the proposed schemes, the teacher needs to achieve comprehensive answers to questions. This will allow you to consciously assimilate and consolidate almost all the theoretical material of the course.

By completing the proposed exercises, the student must comprehend and remember the order of analysis and its volume and learn to present his observations in literary language in the form of a coherent argument.

The methodological basis of the work was the methods and methods of grammatical analysis at the university and at school. The article includes an analysis of numerous sentences with different types of connections (conjunctive - coordinating and subordinating; conjunctive and non-conjunctive), as well as an analysis of non-conjunctive sentences.

The works of acad. V.V. Vinogradov, D.E Rosenthal, N.S. Valgina, T.F. Ivanova, N.M. Shansky and others.

Morphological analysis

There are ten parts of speech in modern Russian:

1. Noun;
2. Adjective;
3. Numeral name;
4. Pronoun;
5. Verb;
6. Adverb;
7. Preposition;
8. Union;
9. Particles;
10. Interjections.

IN scientific literature following academician V.V. Vinogradov distinguishes categories of state and modal words as special categories. This leads to some discrepancies in the analysis of these parts of speech.

It is very important to understand the order of parsing parts of speech. The sequence of listing the grammatical features of a word should not be random. Among the many features of each part of speech, first of all, constant features are distinguished that are characteristic of the word as a whole and each of its forms. For example, for a noun, these are the signs that determine its belonging to one or another lexical-grammatical category: proper or common nouns, animate or inanimate. In any of its forms, a common noun remains a common noun, and a proper noun remains a proper noun, etc.

A permanent feature of a noun is its gender, since nouns do not change by gender. The noun’s belonging to a certain type of declension does not change either. All these features are characteristic of the word as a whole and constitute its general characteristics.

Another group of word features consists of inflection features, i.e., grammatical features by which the words of a given part of speech change, forming a system of word forms. Thus, a noun changes in numbers and cases, forming forms of various cases in the singular and plural. A verb can change according to moods, tenses, persons, numbers, sometimes according to gender, forming the corresponding forms, i.e. the paradigm of a given word ( Paradigm(from Greek paradeigma- example, sample), a system of forms of one word, reflecting modifications of the word according to its inherent grammatical categories, for example, gender, number and case for nouns, person, tense, aspect, etc. for verbs; scheme of word changes according to grammatical categories; sample type of declension or conjugation). In Russian, for example, the complete paradigm of adjectives includes three paradigms for the singular, one for the plural, one paradigm for short forms and forms of degrees of comparison.)

It is very important to teach students to distinguish between the properties of a word as a whole and the properties of its individual forms. Correctly constructed grammatical analysis will help develop and consolidate this skill.

During grammatical analysis, first indicate the initial form of the word and give its general characteristics, i.e. list its permanent characteristics. Then they determine in what form this word is used, i.e., they analyze the characteristics of this form. And if this word is given in context, its syntactic connections and functions are considered: what word is it connected with, what member of the sentence is it. This is the general procedure for analyzing all significant parts of speech. The analysis of function words, of course, goes according to a different plan.

The distinction between the features of a word and the features of a form should be expressed in the very formulations of grammatical analysis. For example, a common noun, animate, female, third declension; used in the singular form, instrumental case, etc.

The order of morphological analysis

Noun

1. Part of speech.

3. Permanent signs:
a) proper or common noun;
b) animate or inanimate;
c) gender (masculine, feminine, neuter, general)
d) declination.
4. Variable signs:
a) case;
b) number; having only singular or only plural.
5. Function in a sentence.

Adjective

1. Part of speech.

3. Permanent signs:
a) rank by meaning (qualitative, relative, possessive)
b) for qualitative ones: degree of comparison, simple or complex form (for comparative and superlative degrees);
c) for quality ones: full or short form
4. Variable signs:
a) case;
b) number;
c) gender (singular)
d) what word it depends on.
5. Function in a sentence.

Numeral

1. Part of speech.
2. Initial form (nominative case)
3. Permanent signs:
a) simple, compound, complex;
b) quantitative or ordinal;
c) rank by value (for quantitative)
4. Variable signs:
a) case;
b) gender (if any)
c) number (if any)
5. Function in a sentence.

Pronoun

1. Part of speech.
2. Initial form (nominative singular)
3. Permanent signs:
a) rank by value; what part of speech it corresponds to;
b) gender (for personal pronouns of the 3rd person)
4. Variable signs:
a) case;
b) gender (if any)
c) number (if any) a) case;
5. Function in a sentence.

Verb

1. Part of speech.
2. Initial form (indefinite form; infinitive)
3. Permanent signs:
a) type;
b) repayment;
c) transitivity;
d) conjugation.
4. Variable signs:
a) mood (indicative, conditional, imperative)
b) number;
c) time (if any)
d) face (if any)
e) gender (if any)
5. Function in a sentence.

Participle

2. Initial form (nominative singular masculine)
3. Permanent signs:
a) type;
b) repayment;
c) transitivity;
d) active or passive;
d) time (present, past)
4. Variable signs:
a) full or short form (for passive participles)
b) number;
c) gender
d) case (for participles in full form)
d) what word does it depend on?
5. Function in a sentence.

Participle

1. Part of speech (special form of verb)
2. Signs:
a) type;
b) repayment;
c) transitivity;
3. Function in a sentence.

Adverb

1. Part of speech
2. Group and rank by value.
3. Degree of comparison.
4. Functions in a sentence.

Pretext

1. Part of speech.
2. Non-derivative or derivative.
3. With what case is it used.

Union

1. Part of speech
2. Simple or compound.
3. Coordinating or subordinating.
4. Type by use (single, repeating, double)
5. Members of a sentence or parts of a complex sentence are connected.

Particle

1. Part of speech
2. Discharge.

Samples of morphological analysis

Clouds of mosquitoes stood low above the ground, and lapwings cried piteously in the wastelands. Everything predicted rain, but there was not a single cloud. Pyotr Mikhailovich crossed his line and galloped across a flat, smooth field.(A.P. Chekhov “Neighbors”)

Now he walked like an animal, carefully. An alarmed ear caught every rustle, eyes scoured around. (B. Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”

Situated behind a player, he studied his cards, not understanding anything about them, because he didn’t know a single game.. (Honoré de Balzac "Lost Illusions")

Low– adverb, unchangeable part of speech. Answers the question how?, attributive group, qualitative. in relation to an adjective, formed from its stem using a suffix -O , in a sentence adjoins the predicate verb stood, is a circumstance of the manner of action.

Above– a preposition, simple, non-derivative, serves to express spatial relationships between nannies. Used with the instrumental case of a noun (above the ground), not used with other cases.

Earth - noun, initial form – earth. Common noun, inanimate, feminine, 1st declension. Used in the instrumental case with the preposition (above the ground). Singular, not used in plural. In a sentence it is an adverbial adverb of place.

stood– verb, initial form – stand, imperfective form, irreversible, intransitive, 2nd conjugation, used in the indicative mood, in the plural, in the past tense, is a predicate in the sentence.

Complainingly– adverb, attributive group, qualitative. In relation to an adjective, formed from its base using a suffix -O . In a sentence it adjoins the predicate verb and serves as a circumstance of the manner of action.

But– conjunction, simple, coordinating, adversative, solitary. Connecting parts of a complex sentence.

Not - the particle, negative, refers to the verb (was not).

One– numeral, initial form – one. Simple in structure, quantitative.

Declined as the pronoun itself. Used in a sentence with a noun ( not a single cloud), agrees with it in units. h., Wed. r., r. p., is the definition.

My– pronoun, initial form – own, possessive, inflected as a possessive adjective of the fox type. Used in the accusative case, feminine, singular; can be combined with the noun between and is a definition.

Jumped– verb, initial form – gallop. Perfective verb, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation. Used in the indicative form, past tense, singular, masculine. This form is derived from the infinitive form gallop- using a formative suffix -l- . In a sentence it is a simple verbal predicate.

Alarmed- a special form of the verb - participle. Initial form - alarm. Perfective verb, irreversible, transitive, 2nd conjugation. The verb is used in the passive participle form, past tense. The participle is formed from the stem of the infinitive alarm(s)- using a formative suffix -enn- . It has full form, inflected as an adjective, in the nominative case, singular, masculine. Depends on the word hearing, is the definition.

Understanding – special form of the verb - gerund, initial form - understand. Imperfective verb, irreversible, transitive, 1st conjugation. The verb is used in the form of a gerund; it is formed from the stem of the present tense, understand - using the suffix -A (graphically -I ), performs the function of circumstance.

Rovny– adjective, initial form equal. Qualitative, full form, used with a preposition in the dative form of the neuter singular, refers to the word field. In a sentence it is a definition.

Verb parsing plan

I	Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question.
II	Initial form (infinitive). Morphological characteristics:
	A	Constant morphological characteristics:
		1	view(perfect, imperfect);
		2	repayment(non-refundable, returnable);
		3	transitivity(transitive, intransitive);
		4	conjugation;
	B	Variable morphological characteristics:
		1	mood;
		2	time(in the indicative mood);
		3	number;
		4	face(in the present, future tense; in the imperative mood);
		5	genus(for verbs in the past tense of the indicative and subjunctive singular).
III	Role in sentence(which part of the sentence is the verb in this sentence).

Verb parsing examples

If you like to ride, you also like to carry sleds(proverb).

Do you love

What are you doing?
N. f. - be in love. Morphological characteristics:
1) imperfect appearance;
2) non-refundable;
3) transitional;
4) II conjugation.

2) present tense;
3) singular;
4) 2nd person.

Ride

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what to do?
N. f. - ride. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) imperfect appearance;
2) returnable;
3) intransitive;
4) I conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the infinitive form (unchangeable form).
In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Love

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what are you doing?
N. f. - be in love. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) imperfect appearance;
2) non-refundable;
3) transitional;
4) II conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form:
1) imperative mood;
2) singular;
3) 2nd person.
In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Plowing has begun(Prishvin).

Started

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what did you do?
N. f. - start. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) perfect form;
2) returnable;
3) intransitive;
4) I conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form:
1) indicative mood;
2) past tense;
3) singular;
4) feminine.
It is a predicate in a sentence.

Verb parsing plan

I	Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question.
II	Initial form (infinitive). Morphological characteristics:
	A	Constant morphological characteristics:
		1	view(perfect, imperfect);
		2	repayment(non-refundable, returnable);
		3	transitivity(transitive, intransitive);
		4	conjugation;
	B	Variable morphological characteristics:
		1	mood;
		2	time(in the indicative mood);
		3	number;
		4	face(in the present, future tense; in the imperative mood);
		5	genus(for verbs in the past tense of the indicative and subjunctive singular).
III	Role in sentence(which part of the sentence is the verb in this sentence).

Verb parsing examples

If you like to ride, you also like to carry sleds(proverb).

Do you love

What are you doing?
N. f. - be in love. Morphological characteristics:
1) imperfect appearance;
2) non-refundable;
3) transitional;
4) II conjugation.

2) present tense;
3) singular;
4) 2nd person.

Ride

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what to do?
N. f. - ride. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) imperfect appearance;
2) returnable;
3) intransitive;
4) I conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the infinitive form (unchangeable form).
In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Love

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what are you doing?
N. f. - be in love. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) imperfect appearance;
2) non-refundable;
3) transitional;
4) II conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form:
1) imperative mood;
2) singular;
3) 2nd person.
In a sentence it is part of a compound verb predicate.

Plowing has begun(Prishvin).

Started

Verb; denotes action; answers the question what did you do?
N. f. - start. Morphological characteristics:
A) Constant morphological characteristics:
1) perfect form;
2) returnable;
3) intransitive;
4) I conjugation.
B) Variable morphological characteristics. Used in the form:
1) indicative mood;
2) past tense;
3) singular;
4) feminine.
It is a predicate in a sentence.