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Waste recycling as a business is an extremely promising activity for investment. This socially significant activity has a positive impact on the environment.

It was not profitable enough 2-3 years ago. Recycling of recyclable materials and disposal of waste to landfills provided great profits. Much has changed since then. Today household waste At least 60% recyclable.

Business idea concept

The average person throws out up to 250 kg of garbage per year. The problem of waste disposal and reuse has become urgent.

Many components of waste can be recycled, but up to 96% of waste is sent to landfill.

Advantages of waste recycling business:

1. Since the waste recycling sector is practically not funded, local authorities, as a rule, have a very favorable attitude towards the waste disposal business. The city administration provides financial support and helps find industrial premises.
2. Enterprises that recycle waste are always in demand. Recycling and recycling of waste allows you to save primary raw materials. New companies in this segment are created every year.
3. You can use a sorting complex. This is inexpensive equipment created by domestic manufacturers. Its use will reduce costs.
4. High economic efficiency. According to professionals, the profitability of a waste removal and disposal business can be up to 80%.
5. Garbage is a valuable raw material. The waste recycling business is profitable because there is very little competition in this segment.

Starting a business from scratch

If possible, everything useful should be extracted from garbage. For this it is important to create appropriate conditions.

Legal registration:

1. It takes several months to prepare documents for carrying out commercial activities. Obtaining a license from the Department of Rosprirodnadzor is a mandatory condition.
2. To issue a permit, an environmental audit is carried out by the local Department of Environmental Management. Project with detailed description technological process must be submitted to the water and utilities a, Rospotrebnadzor, fire inspection.
3. A sanitary zone of 500 m must be created around the waste treatment plant, as established by the requirements of the regulatory authorities. Based on the results of this work, a conclusion is drawn. At least 2 thousand dollars must be invested in order for the production premises to meet the requirements of industrial sanitation and fire safety.

Financial component of entrepreneurial activity

It is important to find ways to attract investment to start a waste recycling business.

Starting capital required:

1. Initially, only the initial stages of processing recyclable materials can be launched. The company can collect and sort waste and create semi-finished products. The organization of a universal waste disposal enterprise requires significant material costs, so the entrepreneur should decide in advance what types of secondary raw materials he will work with.
2. Residents are not inclined to sort the garbage they throw away for free. It is necessary to set a certain price for waste paper or bottles.
3. How to choose a location for a waste recycling business? A production area, landfills, and sources of waste are an ideal solution to create a company that processes recyclable materials.
4. Deep recycling of waste can bring maximum profit. According to experts, over $20 million is needed to build a large universal complex that will process any type of solid waste: glass, paper, plastic, rubber, wood.
5. If an entrepreneur does not have this opportunity, you can start recycling one type of waste. From 50 to 300 thousand dollars will be required to create a specialized production facility for the recycling of one type of secondary raw material. Such a modest enterprise can generate significant income. The waste recycling business has a large share of utility costs. They make up about 20%.

Garbage recycling

Construction waste contains concrete, wood, brick and metal parts. Removing metal particles is the purpose of recycling. Vacuum forming of polymer thermoplastic waste is a relatively inexpensive method. Rubber crumbs get from car tires, from waste paper - toilet paper, from polymers - pressed blocks, chipboard - from sawdust. Only 25% of valuable recyclables can be obtained from unseparated waste, so it is necessary to use modern waste sorting lines. Installations for sorting recyclable materials can be automated or manual. Plastic and paper are the best to use.

• food waste - 25%;
• cardboard and paper - 10%;
• polymers - about 50%;
• textiles, rubber, metal, etc. -15%.

Plastic packaging is the most difficult waste to recycle. Obtaining recycled crushed stone by recycling recyclable materials is very profitable.

Production goes through the following stages:

• large parts are processed using a press;
• then using a crusher they are crushed;
• metal is selected with a powerful magnet;
• Particles are sorted using a special storage device.

Organization of production and supply of raw materials

For production, a premises of about 600 m² is required. The warehouse must be at least 100 m². It will be possible to significantly save on the removal of raw materials if the recycling facility is located near residential buildings.

The area where a lot of old buildings are being demolished is suitable for recycling construction waste. To transport raw materials, you need to purchase a truck with compartments. Disposing of recyclable materials is a labor-intensive process.

About $300 per month must be paid to qualified workers. Up to 40 workers can be involved in such production.

The expensive process of creating a company for processing recyclable materials gives real income in the future if you approach this problem correctly.

The income of a waste processing enterprise depends on the scale of activity. You can recoup the initial investment in 1 year. Then the scope of your activity can be expanded.

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Waste processing plants, which are capable of processing tons of household waste per day and producing cheap raw materials from them, are very expensive. On average, such a project costs at least 2 million US dollars. A novice businessman will not take on such a project. But this does not mean that there is no small business in this market interesting ideas with a small starting budget and good prospects for profitability. Read on in the review for information on what price you can buy a mini-plant for recycling waste and how to set up a business using recyclable materials.

How to Start a Waste Recycling Business

The waste recycling business is not a simple undertaking. It has several features that complicate the entrepreneur’s task of generating monthly profits with a certain percentage increase. Main difficulties:

• seasonality;
• low margin between the purchase of raw materials and sales finished products suppliers;
• difficulties with the supply of quality equipment;
• lack of infrastructure for collecting and sorting waste, and, accordingly, an increase in expenses for paying for additional labor resources.

The main advantages of this type of business are: the absence of the need to hire a large staff of highly paid specialists and the absence of competition. The listed advantages allow small waste processing enterprises to stay afloat and receive their legitimate income.

Entrepreneurs who have been doing business in waste recycling for a long time do not hide the fact that it is impossible to earn millions in this business, but even a novice businessman can earn a small stable income.

Main areas of waste recycling business:

• collection, sorting, processing and pressing of waste paper (see);
• processing of polyethylene into raw materials for industrial plastics;
• primary and ;
• processing construction waste into raw materials for construction materials;
• production of fuel pellets from wood waste;

An entrepreneur who decides to engage in a business such as waste recycling can work in several directions at once. This approach can increase income and the overall profitability of the project. But experienced business executives advise first to master only one type of processing and, over time, connect new lines.

Material and technical base

It is prohibited to recycle and sort waste on your own plot of land. It is necessary to begin the development of this idea by searching for land and premises on which production facilities could be installed.

In accordance with building codes, a waste recycling workshop should not be located near residential buildings, children's schools and preschool institutions, catering establishments and retail outlets. The best location for such a workshop is outside the city limits.

It should also be taken into account that it is impossible to obtain agricultural land for a waste processing plant, so the most profitable option is to rent unused space in a large industrial complex located outside the city.

The cost of such rentals can be very low, since abandoned industrial premises are not in great business demand. On average, the cost of renting a square meter is about 100 rubles. To organize processing, an area of ​​at least 300 square meters will be required. m. Thus, the total cost of renting premises will be about 30,000 rubles per month.

If an entrepreneur decides to build his own production facilities, then the most difficult stage may be resolving the issue of renting and purchasing land. Walls can be built from modern, durable, reliable and energy-saving materials. In general, building your own workshop and obtaining permits will cost about 1.5 million rubles.

Any waste recycling plant will require the following types equipment:

• sorting line;
• units for primary washing and drying;
• grinding machines;
• installation for heat treatment;
• units for pressing or molding (depending on the type of recyclable materials).

A complete set for a line for processing one type of recyclable material costs at least 1 million rubles. It is best for a novice entrepreneur to start with polyethylene processing and waste paper pressing.

A certain difficulty lies in the choice of equipment manufacturer. Today in Russia there are many offers from Russian companies that manufacture waste processing lines, and there are also offers from Chinese and Taiwanese factories.

The price of equipment ranges from 1 million rubles. up to 1.5 million rubles. Russian technology is considered more reliable. In addition, manufacturers from Russia maintain their lines, which is a good guarantee that the line will not stop in a month, and all costs will not turn into losses.

If we take into account all the listed nuances and calculate how much it costs to build a waste recycling plant, we get about 3 million rubles. This is a considerable amount for a beginning entrepreneur. Read. After receiving state support It will be easier for you to implement such a project.

Business maintenance costs

Creating a material and technical base is not all the expenses that an entrepreneur must incur to develop his business. An important item in the business plan is the purchase of recyclable materials.

The estimated profitability when working with polyethylene and glass is calculated using the following formula: a purchase of 100 rubles will give a result of 220 rubles. From the increase of 120 rubles it is necessary to pay labor costs, transportation costs, taxes and public utilities. Net profit from every 100 rubles invested is 20 rubles.

If the plant is processing wood waste in fuel pellets, then for every 100 rubles the earnings are about 30 rubles.

• two sorters;
• four operators for production lines;
• two packers;
• administrator;
• security guard.

The monthly labor costs of such an enterprise are about 250,000 rubles. To ensure good turnover, you need to invest at least 500,000 rubles in the purchase.

The main suppliers of recyclable materials are warehouses, shops, industrial enterprises, educational and medical institutions. To ensure regular deliveries, it is best to sign agreements on the acceptance of recyclable materials. Main buyers – manufacturing enterprises, which produce containers, bottles, toilet paper, napkins, cardboard, etc.

For small towns, providing services for the removal of liquid household waste may be a relevant idea. Consider

Site columnist Elizaveta Semyonova figured out how to build a business in the field of recycling and waste processing, what funds and resources will be needed for this, how things are with competition in this area and whether it is possible to make money from such a business.

Garbage is a unique resource: people are willing to pay for both its acquisition and its sale. In addition, this resource is inexhaustible.

Waste disposal is a headache for municipal authorities, a potentially knowledge-intensive industry with virtually zero competition and a highly profitable business.

None of the regions of Russia has a developed waste management system. To understand the scale of the problem: the country currently has more than 31 billion tons of unrecycled waste. Unrecycled means those with which nothing was done: they were not burned, not buried, and especially not processed - they are simply located on Russian territory.

The problem of waste disposal in the 21st century seems especially ridiculous because at every stage of this process there is money to be made - literally from nothing.

Legal side of the issue

State participation in recycling consists of environmental supervision, licensing, reporting, monitoring compliance with standards and setting tariffs for waste disposal.

The legal regulation of garbage relations (Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”) is determined by five classes: from “extremely hazardous” waste of the first class to “virtually non-hazardous” waste of the fifth. Categorization is based on the level of damage to the environment (examples in order of decreasing damage: mercury, asbestos dust - oil products, acids - pig manure, diesel fuel - tires, paper - shells, sawdust), but for commercial analysis it is more convenient to group classes by origin. The first three classes are industrial and construction waste, and the fourth and fifth are household waste (the so-called solid waste - solid household waste).

The owner of waste of classes 1–4 can transfer the right to dispose of it to a person only if that person has the appropriate license: for their use, neutralization, transportation, disposal. From January 1, 2016, any unlicensed activity of this kind will be considered illegal. In addition, all people involved in such a business must have a certificate confirming their professional training.

To find out what class of waste you will have to deal with, its owner (legal entity) must order an examination. In addition to the fact that garbage is considered property, it also has a passport.

The law says nothing about solid waste of the fifth, non-hazardous class. Thus, no permits are needed if the business operates with food waste, metals, waste paper, wood, plastic containers, plastic film.

There are several main stages in the disposal and processing of solid waste.

Transportation

The primary task of waste disposal is its direct removal from the consumer’s territory.

The company of Canadian Brian Scudamore began with a used truck for $700 and the slogan “We"ll stash your trash in a flash!” (“We'll destroy your trash in no time!”) in 1989 While saving money for college, Scudamord free time took away garbage that local authorities could not cope with. Freed from the problem, the clients willingly paid, and the entrepreneur ultimately chose trash over study. Today annual income His company's 1-800-GOT-JUNK totals more than $100 million and has franchises in the United States, Canada and Australia.

Pros: there is no need for rental, complex equipment and expensive specialists.

Minuses: A significant expense item is fuel costs. In addition, it will not be possible to unload garbage on the side of the road; you need to negotiate with the landfill.

Profitability: the cost of removing a standard container (0.8 cubic meters) in Moscow is from 330 rubles. One garbage truck contains 25–60 such containers. Pricing in this area is subject to market laws, but is highly dependent on tariffs for waste storage (disposal).

Starter kit: special transport, drivers.

Competition: Garbage removal for private individuals is included in the “maintenance of residential premises” and is the responsibility of municipalities, but in servicing legal entities, competition is quite high - about 500 official companies are registered in Moscow alone.

Peculiarities: main problem of this business is to reduce transport costs. The solution is achieved in two ways, and both are associated with increasing the capacity of garbage containers: a garbage truck with a press (several times increases transportation productivity and reduces the cost of disposal), a trash can with a press (beneficial for the client, since it reduces the frequency of garbage disposal).

Pressing

The American company Seahorse Power began developing bins with a press in 2004, introducing the world to the autonomous BigBelly pressing units at solar powered. The operation of the press is based on a chain drive without using the principles of hydraulics, and maintenance of the installation is reduced only to the annual lubrication of the door locking mechanism.

A wireless notification system allows you to automatically monitor container fill levels, providing additional opportunities to improve process logistics. The price tag for the device ($3.1-3.9 thousand) can be considered as a long-term investment, since the capacity of the container is five times higher compared to a regular tank.

The company is valued today at $5 million.

Source: Wikipedia

Despite the importance of timely waste removal and compaction, the above-described manipulations do not solve the main problem: garbage needs to be stored somewhere or destroyed somehow.

You can look at waste as rubbish that needs to be disposed of, or as a resource. These opposing principles form two approaches to waste management.

Accommodation

Disposal of waste - its storage or burial: waste with an uncertain fate needs to be stored somewhere, but burial implies complete isolation, preventing any interaction with the environment.

Pros: business for the lazy.

Minuses: rapid depletion of area (a million-plus city requires an additional 40 hectares annually), relatively low profitability (since landfill tariffs are set by the municipality).

Profitability: disposal of a ton of solid waste in Leningrad region costs 400–1000 rubles, a non-pressing garbage truck can deliver from two to ten tons at a time.

Starter kit: several hectares of free land outside settlement, water protection and recreational zones.

Competition: There are officially 1,092 landfills in Russia, and almost all of them are already approaching or exceeding 100% occupancy.

Peculiarities: the landfill must have a waterproof bottom and protection from the wind, so ideally it should be built. However, most landfills are of “natural” origin - such as “Krasny Bor” in the Leningrad region, located above clay deposits. It was assumed that the clay would protect groundwater from toxic substances, but it turned out not.

Legal subtleties: it is necessary to obtain permission to create a location (confirms compliance with geological, hydrological and other standards), enter the landfill into the unified state register and monitor the environmental situation - even after the end of operation.

Waste incineration

In most cases, arson is carried out illegally - in order to somehow relieve the pressure on landfills. There are only about ten legal waste incineration plants in Russia today.

Low competition should not create illusions: although it is expected to achieve profit through associated energy production, most waste incineration plants are exclusively subsidized, since the combustion of solid waste by all rules is a very expensive procedure. Therefore, considering such recycling as a business would be overly optimistic.

The only advantage of waste incineration is that it reduces the volume of waste by 90-95%, that is, it saves space at the landfill, but this cannot justify the terrible damage that this causes to the environment.

Those who are passionate about the idea of ​​more progressive waste management need to be prepared for the following obstacle: the fact that in Russia disposal is charged by the state - and charged cheaply - demotivates people to look for any alternative methods of disposal. For comparison, in the United States, burying and incinerating waste is three times more expensive than recycling it.

Sorting

Any processing is impossible without sorting. At the same time, most recyclable materials lose their consumer properties when mixed in a common container - paper, for example, becomes damp and rots. Therefore, recycling is most effective (and easy to implement) if sorting is carried out at the waste collection stage - this way, up to 60-80% of solid waste can be reused. However, this requires a revision of the entire recycling paradigm ( famous project in this area - the Japanese concept of Zero Waste).

Pros: the demand for sorting is quite high - you can find a buyer even abroad (for example, the Swedes and Danes import garbage from Germany and Norway to produce electricity).

Minuses: expensive equipment - a full-fledged waste sorting complex costs around 4 million rubles. The cost of organizing separate waste collection in St. Petersburg alone costs 1.5 billion rubles.

Profitability: depends on the quality of the raw materials. In rubles per ton: waste paper - from 500 to 10,000, broken glass - 2000–3000, plastic - up to 4000, ferrous scrap metal - up to 8000.

Starter kit: premises, installations (shredder, press, conveyor, crusher and others), workers, (optional) vehicle fleet.

Competition: Only 50 waste sorting complexes are registered in Russia.

Peculiarities: Sorting can be implemented in the form of purchasing individual types of waste (sorting at the collection stage). This is less profitable, but does not require any expensive installations.

Recycling

Recycling is anything that turns waste into something useful, be it energy, new raw materials, fertilizers, and so on.

Composting

The most simple option is composting - recycling organic waste into homogeneous, odorless brown dust that improves the properties of the soil. It consists in accelerating natural decomposition processes and can include up to 30% solid waste (food, grass, manure, cardboard, sawdust). It does not require any complex equipment; the compost heap only needs mixing and moistening.

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of waste that occurs without oxygen. It differs from simple combustion in that at the output, in addition to recyclable materials, it allows you to obtain electrical energy, gasoline, diesel and heating oil (analogue of fuel oil). The quality of the pyrolysis product directly depends on the composition of solid waste, so pre-sorting plays a decisive role here. This type of recycling has many advantages: it is environmentally friendly, significantly reduces the volume of waste and provides thermal energy that can be used.

The cheapest is the processing of mono-raw materials. A successful example The Danish company Gypsum Recycling International can serve. Founded in 2001, GRI is now a world leader in recycling efficiency thanks to its sophisticated collection, logistics and patented mobile recycling technology. (the process of returning waste, discharges and emissions into technogenesis processes - editor's note), giving a second life to 80% of gypsum waste.

Pros: high profitability and demand for recyclable materials, low level of competition, interest of foreign investors and favor of the authorities, fairly quick payback (from two to five years).

Minuses: requires substantial start-up investments (the bill runs to tens of thousands of dollars, in case complex processing- millions, you can save on used equipment), there is no guarantee of full capacity utilization of such high-tech plants, since the waste collection system in Russia today is extremely chaotic.

Due to the underdevelopment of the market, prices for recyclable materials are very unstable: when demand increases, suppliers can no longer cope with waste collection and prices rise sharply; when demand falls, goods quickly accumulate and fill storage facilities, and therefore are sold at bargain prices.

Profitability: very high, especially if the recycling plant is also a manufacturer of the recycled product. For example, by buying a ton of green cullet for 2,000 rubles, processing it into glass powder, and then blowing a batch of bottles and selling each for 50 (approximate price in Moscow), you can ultimately earn about 100 thousand rubles.

Starter kit: production premises with an area of ​​at least 200 square meters, a warehouse with an area of ​​at least 100 square meters, equipped in accordance with sanitary and fire requirements, installations, technologists and workers, (optional) vehicle fleet.

Competition: In Russia, only 5% of the total volume of waste is recycled, while 50% of solid waste consists of raw materials that can be reused. In total, there are 243 waste processing plants registered in the country, and none of them carries out a full recycling cycle.

Peculiarities: the efficiency of waste recycling depends on the quality of sorting, so the best waste recycling complex is a complex system, established from collection and sorting to distribution to the consumer. This cannot be done without close interaction with the authorities and a whole campaign to create a culture of waste management.

Legal subtleties: processing permit required.

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* The calculations use average data for Russia

An integral part of human life is the generation of waste different types– food, electronic, household. And the more complex our lives become, the more we consume, the more waste we produce. According to statistics, per person there is 200-300 kg of waste (MSW) per year, and in Russia as a whole, waste generation is estimated at 30-35 million tons annually.

Unlike Western countries, where waste is effectively recycled, in Russia this entire volume ends up in landfills, where it remains for decades, polluting the environment. The lack of a culture of sorting and recycling of at least the most hazardous waste, such as, for example, mercury lamps, batteries, medicines, only aggravates the current situation. Only a small part - no more than 5% - ends up in waste incineration plants, which, in fact, pollute the environment almost more than the landfills themselves.

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Of course, our country does not stand still. At the end of 2014, the President of the Russian Federation signed a package of amendments to the law on industrial and consumer waste, which approved a recycling fee, and also tightened the requirements for the use of waste, in particular, a ban was introduced on the disposal of waste that has not lost its consumer properties.

Ideally, waste is almost completely recycled with the aim of recycling the resulting materials. This is exactly what happens in Europe – up to 80% of solid waste is recycled there. If recycled correctly, almost all of this volume can be reused. This means that you can earn good money by selling recycled waste.

You can make compost from organic waste and use it as fertilizer. Used automobile oil and other liquids can be converted into biological products and physiologically active compounds. Paper and cardboard can be produced from recycled paper and cardboard, and polymers can be produced from polymer materials. And so on.

In general, all work with waste can be divided into several stages: collection, transportation, sorting, processing (disposal, storage). Often, enterprises in this industry have a narrow specialization at some stage. This is logical, since the creation of an integrated organization for the collection, sorting and disposal of waste not only requires huge capital investments, but is also organizationally complex.

Figure 1. Structure of solid waste in Russia

In addition, this area of ​​business is perhaps one of the most corrupt in our country, and the market has been divided for a long time and for a long time. Removing waste and burying it in landfills is the most common way to get rid of it today. Garbage removal companies have been working here for years in the same urban area or with the same industrial enterprises. According to some estimates, the profitability of such a business reaches 20%. However, also for this reason, it is almost impossible for a new player to enter this market.

Waste sorting in itself is hardly of interest from a business point of view, at least because the main consumer of this service is recycling companies, of which there are still very, very few in Russia. Thus, we come to the logical conclusion that a sorting and processing complex may be the most profitable. And if after these words the imagination pictures a territory built up with multi-storey industrial buildings, with conveyor belts, access railway tracks and so on, then in reality everything is much more prosaic. We will talk further about how you can organize an enterprise for collecting and processing waste.

First of all, we need to decide whether we will limit ourselves to just sorting and recycling, or whether we will try to cover all links in the chain, ensuring that waste is collected directly from its source. As mentioned above, this market is divided and cannot be redistributed. However, you can find your own source that will provide the company with a small but stable amount of material. Such a source could be a cottage community, of which there are many currently being built; it could be an industrial enterprise - just opened or already operating. In the second case, strong arguments will be required to convince the management of the enterprise to abandon the already established relationship with the service organization. Still, working with an industrial enterprise is more profitable, because will be able to provide our company with a stable volume of waste of a certain fraction, on which we can build specialization. And specialization, as we understand it, allows us to reduce costs. Actually, searching for a source, collecting and transporting waste from it is not expensive: you will need one or two containers for collection and a truck to transport it. Transportation costs can be reduced by using a press at the collection site if the material being collected allows it.

Ready ideas for your business

If we are not interested in organizing the supply of material directly from the source, we will focus directly on sorting and recycling. Here we return to the issue of specialization. It can be approached from two opposite sides: from the material being processed or from the source of waste.

The most common material for recycling today is PET containers, that is, ordinary plastic bottles for drinks, sunflower oil, etc. But almost anything can be recycled – from cars to wood, from consumer electronics to paper. Naturally, the more complex the original product, the more complex the technology for its disposal will be. We talked about specialization at the source above - it could be a plant, shopping mall or a cottage community. The first gives one or two main fractions, the second two - a much larger assortment.

Ready ideas for your business

The simplest and most accessible waste disposal technologies include pressing and grinding. Actually, they can be used either individually or sequentially in a full technological cycle: crusher, sorting line, press, storage hopper, magnet.

Equipment is selected depending on the type of waste and the required productivity. For example, a press for aluminum and other non-ferrous metals, which allows you to press, for example, beverage cans, will cost about 100 thousand rubles. A wool and rag press, with which you can press spinning waste, has a higher cost - about 250 thousand. A press for briquetting PET containers and waste paper costs from 180 thousand rubles. Such a press produces a finished briquette that meets the requirements for acceptance by pulp and paper mills. More serious industrial presses from Western manufacturers cost one or two orders of magnitude higher. For example, a used German semi-automatic horizontal press will cost 46,000 euros, and a two-shaft Austrian shredder will cost 26,000 euros.

Various types of crushers and shredders are designed for crushing waste, which are also selected depending on the type of material being processed, productivity and the required degree of grinding. The cost of domestically produced crushers for polymers, foam rubber, padding polyester, fabrics, glass today is 90-100 thousand rubles.

Some suppliers offer ready-made universal lines with program control for processing wide range Solid waste, including everything down to conveyors, protective fences, etc. The cost of such a line with installation will be approximately 5 million rubles.

There is also a lot of specialized equipment for processing electronic circuit boards (machines for removing components from circuit boards, vibrating tables, hammer crushers), package tearers, various extruders and granulators, dryers for the organic fraction and much more. Manufacturers and distributors of such equipment also offer comprehensive solutions depending on the planned focus of the enterprise; their cost is announced upon request. It should be expected that for a more or less serious line it will be at least 3-4 million rubles.

Ready ideas for your business

There are also more unconventional ways to make money from waste. For example, processing of landfill gas. At the moment, there is at least one such plant in Russia, founded by a Swedish company. The principle of operation of the plant is relatively simple: gas is collected through wells from the “body” of the landfill and collected in a furnace for its combustion, in the process of which electricity is generated. The plant itself consists of several mobile buildings, “roaming” through the landfill from a used gas source to a new one. According to rough estimates, the energy produced by the plant is enough to power a city of 50 thousand people. Of course, such an enterprise will require larger investments than a sorting and recycling line - such projects are beneficial only in the long term, especially taking into account the imperfections Russian legislation in the field of environmental supervision.

Depending on the type of waste being processed, various requirements set out in SanPiN are imposed on the territories and premises. As a rule, they are all quite tough, because... the processing organization must not pollute the atmosphere and soil, not discharge wastewater, have high fire safety indicators, etc. Perhaps this can be called one of the main obstacles to opening such a business.

If the premises or territory have been sorted out, licensing of activities will then be required. According to the law, activities for the collection, use, neutralization, transportation and disposal of waste of I-IV hazard classes are subject to licensing (Class I is extremely hazardous waste that causes irreversible damage to the environment; these include, for example: vinyl chloride, lead oxide, polonium , plutonium, mercury, hydrogen fluoride, etc.). The accumulation of waste of any hazard class, as well as activities for the collection, use, neutralization, transportation and disposal of waste of hazard class V are not subject to licensing. The licensing procedure is carried out by Rostechnadzor, and its duration can reach 3-5 months.

Modern problems associated with the processing of household waste in Russia are based on limited opportunities for returning resources to natural and economic circulation. Running a business based on waste recycling is characterized by the rationality of investments with a high degree of payback and profitability. In addition, this business option does not require special knowledge.

Business relevance

According to the Ministry of Natural Resources, the average Russian family annually throws out about 1.6 tons of household waste, including more than 145 kg of plastic and almost 100 kg of paper waste, as well as almost a thousand glass bottles. All this garbage is a potential raw material base for production activities in the waste processing industry. Waste recycling as a business in Russia is one of the most profitable and promising due to the following circumstances:

• the emergence of high-quality and affordable domestic equipment that allows you to process household waste in small production areas;
• annual expansion of the sales market.

In addition, the Ministry of Natural Resources plans to prohibit incineration of waste that may be suitable for further processing. Like any business, waste recycling requires initial financial investments and registration of all necessary title and permitting documentation.

Preparation of a package of documents

First and most important document The way to engage in waste recycling as a business is to obtain a license from the Ministry of Environment. This document must be obtained once. The received license is valid for the entire duration of implementation entrepreneurial activity. Obtaining a license is quite simple. It is enough to register as or with simplified system taxation and organize an environmental assessment, which issues a conclusion.

Next, a package of documents is collected, including title and project documentation for the premises used, as well as a business plan for waste processing, describing the production technology and permission from the fire inspectorate, SES, water and utilities. The process of collecting and confirming the entire package of documents takes about three months.

It is worth noting that a fairly convenient option is to order turnkey licensing. Firms involved in the preparation of such documentation work with both legal entities and individuals with individual entrepreneur status. The cost of such a service depends on the type of solid waste processed and the volume of production.

Of greatest interest is a mini-plant for waste processing based on crushing and sorting equipment, a business plan for the use of which is developed according to a standard scheme. The highest profitability is shown by a plant with a Russort production line, with a productivity of 10 tons and a power of 100 kW per hour.

Production premises and personnel

Construction of the plant requires the use of relatively level land plot, the dimensions of which range from 55 by 30 to 80 by 40 meters. The location of production lines may vary depending on the type of access roads. The building must include a sorting room with an area of ​​about 10 by 7 meters. The plant area must be landscaped using road slabs and equipped with a protective net to prevent debris from flying away.

The standard staff of the main personnel, in addition to the manager, foreman and mechanic, includes a team of workers consisting of:

• sorting line operators;
• press line operators;
• hydraulic manipulator operators;
• drivers.

Five-day work week- 8 hour shift:

• number of workers - 21 people, including foreman and mechanic;
• processing volume per shift - 80 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 19 thousand tons of solid waste.

Five-day work week - 2 shifts of 12 hours:

• number of workers - 40 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
• processing volume per shift - 115 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 39 thousand tons of solid waste.

Seven-day work week - 24-hour operation:

• number of workers - 80 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
• processing volume per shift - 230 tons of solid waste;
• the volume of processing per year is 80 thousand tons of solid waste.

The work is carried out in four shifts, each with 19 workers, a mechanic and a foreman.

Equipment selection

Modern standards and requirements require equipping the complex with the following equipment:

• press for recyclable materials and “tailings”;
• hydraulic manipulator;
• container capacity of 15 cubic meters for broken glass;
• feeding and sorting conveyors;
• a basket for secondary raw materials with a volume of 8 cubic meters;
• hydraulic stacker and trolley with scales;
• a sorting booth of 168 square meters with twenty working sorting posts for sixteen types of waste;
• KAMAZ-multilift.

In addition, the area of ​​the frameless hangar should be about 430 square meters, including household compartments with changing rooms, showers and toilets, a manager’s room and a relaxation area for service personnel, as well as an individual boiler room.

Process technology

The technology used in solid waste processing plants may vary depending on the equipment and the final destination of the raw materials, but the main processes are standard and consist of the following steps:

• unloading garbage trucks at the unloading site;
• loading of waste mass onto the feed inclined conveyor belt using a hydraulic petal gripper of a hydraulic manipulator;
• lifting waste by the feed conveyor onto the sorting conveyor belt;
• manual sorting of waste with the selection of useful fractions that accumulate in special baskets;
• unloading the remaining mass into the press compactor, which is located near the end of the plant;
• compaction of waste into press containers;
• pressing of recyclable materials into special bales, ready for shipment to consumers.

Income/expenses and profitability

Starting investments:

• the cost of the mini-plant is 30 million rubles.

Economic indicators:

• annual volume of solid waste - 33 thousand tons;
• the annual volume of sorted recyclables is 5 thousand tons;
• capital investments for the acquisition of the plant - 30 million rubles;
• annual depreciation rate of fixed assets - 3 million rubles;
• annual diesel costs - 356 thousand rubles;
• annual transportation costs - 8.3 thousand rubles;
• annual equipment maintenance costs - 81 thousand rubles;
• annual costs for equipment repairs - 150 thousand rubles;
• annual payment for electricity - 650 thousand rubles;
• annual volume wages— 3.85 million rubles;
• annual payroll taxes - 1.1 million rubles;
• expenses for workwear - 48 thousand rubles.

Total expenses: 9.2 million rubles. in year.

• maximum consumption of secondary raw materials per ton is 1.8 thousand rubles;
• annual sales volumes of secondary raw materials, including VAT - 17 million rubles;
• profit before taxes - 8 million rubles;
• VAT -1.4 million rubles;

Income: 6 million rubles.

The estimated payback period is about three years.

Mini-plants for processing solid waste belong to the category of prefabricated ones, and the average construction time is about three months. A high-quality and reliable line for such an enterprise can be purchased for an amount of 30 million rubles, and inexpensive and modern construction solutions make it possible to minimize start-up costs.

The productivity of such production under standard conditions is about one hundred tons per shift, which is comparable in volume to twelve KAMAZ trucks of waste. With such indicators, the payback threshold does not exceed four years.