Examples of sentences with common appeals. Russian language lesson “Address”

Appeals can be common or uncommon. The simplest type of distribution: adjective + address.
For example, why is it foggy, the clear dawn?
Difficulties in studying the topic “Conversion”:

1. Common addresses can be quite lengthy, their characteristic quality becoming the content of the sentence. Appeals can be distributed: a) common definitions; b) subordinate clauses.

For example, you, gray from the ashes of burned villages,
Hanging the shadow of his wings over life!
You, who waited for us to crawl on our knees,
Not horror, but you awakened rage in us (Tvardovsky)

1. Common calls may be cut.

N-r, Otkole, smart one, are you delusional, head?

1. IN colloquial speech Uncontrolled prepositional case forms of nouns or their equivalents can be used as addresses.

N-r, S higher education, step forward! Hey there, in the boat, don't get under the wheels!
Addresses are used primarily in dialogue; the main sphere of their functioning is artistic style. Widely used in oratory, slogans, calls, orders, announcements.
The appeal is that official form, with which every business or personal letter begins, i.e. address is often perceived as an obligatory and at the same time clichéd expression, like a cliche of speech.
Appeal can be a figure of poetic syntax. Particular expressiveness is given to speech by addressing inanimate objects.
N-r, itch, shoulder, swing, arm.
Oh Muse! I'm at the door of the coffin.
And let me have a lot to blame.
Let it increase a hundredfold.
My fault is human anger.
Such appeals are metaphorical and have an expressive and evaluative meaning.
In colloquial speech there are special forms of address. This is the so-called truncated nominative case of a noun, usually a proper noun (Nady, Mash).

8th grade Russian language Lesson No. _____

Date ______________________

Subject: circulation common and non-common.

Target: systematize and generalize students’ knowledge about conversion; introduce ways of expressing addresses, rules for highlighting addresses in oral speech (vocal intonation) and in writing ( excretory marks punctuation); find an appeal in a sentence, use it taking into account the speech situation;

develop logical thinking and linguistic flair;

develop the ability to work in a group, listen carefully and listen to the opinion of another person; cultivate love for the native language and culture.

Lesson type: combined

Equipment: presentation, emoticons, musical arrangement

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

І. Organizational moment

Hello guys! I want to start our lesson with words famous singer, actor, unfortunately, who passed away in the prime of life V.S. Vysotsky

Epigraph

We are cutting down the steps... Not a step back!
And my knees are shaking from tension,
And the heart is ready to rush out of the chest to the top.
The whole world in the palm of your hand! Are you happy on it
And you're just a little jealous of those
Others whose peak is still ahead.

V. Vysotsky

Teacher: Yes, there are peaks in life, and we will travel through the pages of the Russian language and conquer difficult linguistic peaks.

An excerpt from the song “TOP”

Therefore, I invite you to cooperation, co-authorship, community

What is the prefix in these words? (CO -)

Prefix with- means together. Let's be together throughout the lesson.

ll. Update background knowledge

Teacher: write it down

Cool job

Peak No. 1 " Letter dictation»

Priceless, disappear, limitless, unprincipled, homeless, unblock, disorder, endless, divorce, get sick, pity, anarchy.

Peak No. 2 Syntactic dictation. "Tic Tac Toe"

Nominal sentences contain the main member of the sentence - the predicate (0)

In definite personal sentences the predicate is expressed in 3 l. plural

Both the main and secondary members of a sentence can be homogeneous

Homogeneous members of a sentence are words that answer the same question, refer to the same word, and are usually expressed by the same part of speech

Definitions can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

There can only be one row in a sentence homogeneous members offers

The sentence contains a generalizing word.Sounds were heard everywhere: outside the window, in the oven, above the roof.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

ABOUT

ABOUT

X

X

X

ABOUT

X

lll. Motivation educational activities

Teacher: Guys, look at the sentence and determine the topic of the lesson

Svatovsky region, you inspire us to do great things: to create paintings and poems, to scientific discoveries And sporting achievements, for courage and perseverance in defense of their country.

Answer: I think the topic of the lesson is “Conversion”

Teacher: Write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook. The appeal is widespread and not widespread. Punctuation marks with it.

Teacher: determine the objectives of the lesson.

Repeat case details

Learn something new about appeal

Learn to find references in a sentence

Correctly use punctuation marks when addressing

Develop logical thinking and speech

Enrich vocabulary

Instill dedication and love for the native land

lV. Learning new material

Peak No. 3 “Theoretical” Page. 165 §40

A. Create a “Cluster” on the topic “Appeal”

B. Create an algorithm for setting up a PO

ALGORITHM

B. Present theoretical material using the Fishbone technique

D. Teacher's addition

An animate noun is usually used as an address

In poetic speech, the technique of personification is used - referring to objects and phenomena

For example: I will return to you, my native land!

The pronouns you, you are not addresses. However, sometimes there are sentences in which pronouns (you, you) act as addresses.

For example: Hey you, look around!

If the appeal is at the end of the sentence, then it can also be question mark

For example: What are you howling about, night wind?

There are etiquettes

For example: Hello, wide Dnieper!

WITH good morning, my favorite city!

You should avoid colloquial addresses (mother, grandmother, woman), familiar words and expressions (darling, beauty)

V. Fixing the material

Peak No. 4 “Practical”

Teacher: Your task is to find the appeal in the sentences, determine whether it is common or not. Pay attention to punctuation marks.

Sokolko Lidia Vasilyevna was born in the village of Pervomaiskoye, Svatovsky district. Specialty: artist-teacher

Mother! We have cherries

It blossomed under the window!

(Winter day)

N. Shchepenko born in 1915. He was a member of the Ukrainian Writers' Society. The children's institution "Slobozhanska Krynytsia" was named in his honor.

O Earth, our dear mother! There is not a person in the whole world whom you would not inspire with your life-giving juices.

Sergey Krivonos, Matchmaker poet, author of poetry collections “Living Voices”, “Cherry Blossoming” and others...

My poems, fly higher into the sky

And visit distant lands.

I may have never been to those parts,

But there are people like me there.

Olga Fomenko, Matchmaking poet, now retired, lives near our school

Thank you mom for your patience

And know that I live for you.

Working with the textbook

Exercise 267 A

l option – 1.2

ll option – 3.5

Creative work

Task: transform the sentences so that they are appealing

People all over the world should cherish and protect architectural monuments.

Young people are attentive to older people.

Residents of our city remember the history of the Svatovsky region.

Anticipatory task

City tour using circulation

Dear listeners! I invite you to go on a journey through our Svatovsky region.

Slide No. 1

There is a lot going on in our city cultural events. We meet interesting and creative people.

Matchmakers! Respect the traditions of our region.

Slide number 2

Dear guests, in our city there are wonderful, amazing places. It has amazingly picturesque corners. Visitors admire its cleanliness and residents

Slide number 3

In order to better know the history of our region, the school teaches the course “Ukrainian Studies”, “Ethnogeography”.

Schoolchildren! Study the history of your native land.

Matchmakers! Love yours native land!

V l. Lesson summary

Guys, we have conquered the peaks of language. Friends, our union is wonderful,” said O.S. Pushkin and I, working with you. I was pleased to walk along the steps to the top. On your desk you have 2 types of emoticons. With their help, tell me: how do you feel about the lesson?

V ll. Reception "Unfinished sentence"

- Appeal is expressed by ..... word or ssch

At the end of a sentence with an appeal can be put .....! or?

Appeals can be…..common and uncommon

Particle O... Not separated by a comma from the address

V lll. Homework: §40.41, exercise 271 A (1-4)

Appeal is a combination of word forms that express the name and title of the subject, to which the speech is directed.

They are, as a rule, nouns in the nominative cases. They can be paired with a dependent word, or without them. Appeals can be anything. As emphasized in writing, we will find out other aspects further.

There are no specific, defined positions for these literary structures. They can be located anywhere in a sentence.

Examples

Start of sentence:

• Ivanov, Doesn't it bother you that you have such a standard surname?
• Teacher, can I ask your colleague for help?
• Mr Jones, do you know how a revolver differs from a pistol?

Appeal in the middle offers:

• It confuses me my dear friend, communicate with those who care about surnames.
• Let's read a little more Darling, because we don’t need to get up early tomorrow.
• To be honest, in my opinion, Doctor Stavropolsky, black lemonade cannot be tasty...
• If you were a bird dog, would you miss the owners?

At the end offers:

• I was reading the letter, and what, do you think I didn’t notice how you blushed? Smirnov?!
• I won’t repeat it three times, march to the board, double student!

Appeals and subjects

What part of the sentence can the word form in be?

You can often hear the statement that the address is subject.

In fact, this is a misconception, although there are reasons to think so. The subject is also expressed in the same form, so it seems quite logical to confuse them. Nevertheless should be remembered:

• When the subject is a noun, the predicate must be in the third person. Examples: Stepan Vasilyevich knows important things about all the residents of the house. Marinochka leaves after seven o'clock in the direction of the second tram.
• When there are appeals in sentences, it is, as a rule, one-part, and it contains a predicate verb in the second person form. Examples: Stepan Vasilyevich, do you know important things about all the residents of the house? Marinochka, are you leaving after seven o’clock in the direction of the second tram?
• When addresses are pronounced with special vocative intonations, for example, there are increased stresses or pauses. Examples: Children, come here immediately! I won’t repeat it twice, Tolya, correct the mistake!

What part of the sentence are the presented word forms? They are not members of the proposal!

What words can be addresses

Most often, common sentences contain personal names(not to be confused with names, although names are included) or nicknames of animals. Moreover, it is not always the nickname that is applicable to them; often even the name of the species itself is a title. Examples:

• What do you have to tell me new, Penkov? When, Vanya, are you going to get married?
• Well, Sharik, here we are left alone...
• Oh, you dog, you can't be a normal dog!

However, in a speech with addresses from fiction, Appeals to inanimate objects are allowed:

• Well, Universe, I didn’t expect such a gift from you.
• I love you, life, do you hear?

Also possible geographical names:

• Eh, Russia, how glad I am to see you again!
• Well hello Germany, here we are seeing you again...

Important! Addresses and interjection-type phrases are two different things. Even if we take into account the seemingly obvious appeal to an animated personality. For example: God save, God have mercy, thank God, thank God.

“You” and “you”, despite all their similarities, almost never used as address. They are the subject parts of a sentence.

For example:

Hello, expensive lands and the endless fields, and you, the birds of the air, and you, the mighty winds!

However, in some cases these pronouns may be requests. These cases are the following:

1) When pronouns are used on their own. Examples:

• Hey you! Come on as quickly as possible!
• - Louder, you! – the general shouted to the pianist and smiled imperiously.

2) When pronouns are combinations of adjectives with words that are defined if there are second persons between these words that are not separated by commas. Examples:

• Why do you look so stupid, my beautiful darling?
• You've let us all down, you hear, you're our smart guy.

3) When the appeal contains a pronoun preceded by the particle “o” and followed by a subordinate clause. Examples:

• Can you hear me, oh you fools in Senate togas...
• O you, best of the best, goddess of goddesses, queen of queens, can I love you?

How does the appeal stand out?

If the appeal is in the middle of a sentence, then it highlight commas on both sides. If it is at the beginning of a sentence or at the end, it is separated by a comma on one side.

• Thirty-five, are you ready to go to another camp or would you like to have some more coffee?
• One day, son, you will learn to be a father yourself.
• Was it not for nothing that I was who I was all my life, tell me, not for nothing, Lavrenty?

I would like to point out one extremely common mistake, used in the placement of punctuation marks in addresses.

Most often, in texts, the address is used in one or two words, for example, “Hello, Pasha, how are you?”

The frequent use of just such short addresses leads to the fact that many consider the address to be a priori a short part of the sentence.

Let's give erroneous proposals with an appeal (attention, there is an intentional mistake in the sentences):

1) Our brothers, at the table next to you you got burnt by the summer sun.

2) Our brothers, at the table next to you, you got burnt by the summer sun.

In the first sentence, the comma is placed with the expectation that the address is the phrase “Our brothers.” However, it is obvious that the part “you got sunburnt in the summer sun” is subordinate clause and must be separated by a comma.

That's exactly what they did in the second sentence. Nevertheless both are spelled incorrectly. The whole point is that the comma after the words “Our brothers” should not appear at all, since the address is: “Our brothers are at the next table.” Despite longer length, this is precisely what constitutes a whole and non-breaking appeal. It would be correct to write:

Our brothers at the table next to you, you got sunburnt under the summer sun.

A similar example, only using an address at the end of the sentence:

“All the best to you, my dear and highly cultured comrade!”

If the address is at the very beginning and it is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then you should remember that it is not separated by commas, but is highlighted with an exclamation mark, after which a new sentence comes, as expected, with capital letters. Example:

My dear! Forget about past problems...

Attention! No matter how integral and inseparable the addresses may seem, there are situations when they can be separated by commas.

This happens if the conjunction “and” is repeated in a homogeneous address, for example:

All the best to both Marina and Elena.

In addition, when contacting several times in one sentence, they should all separate. Example:

Stepan Semenovich, tell the guys, dear, how you spent the night at the front under the stars.

It also happens that one address is interrupted by another word form. This is done to emphasize the action. In this case, both parts must be separated by commas. Example:

Tighter, horse, hit, hoof, minting a step!

The sentence diagram with the word form being studied can be compiled by the student independently.

How is appeal highlighted in sentences?

Learning Russian - sentences with addresses

Appeal and its purpose. Common requests

We know that in the Russian language there is the concept of a complicated simple sentence.

Complicating elements in writing are highlighted by punctuation: most often commas, but sometimes others are used.

A sentence can be complicated by introductory words, addresses, homogeneous, clarifying or separate members. Today we’ll talk about appeal as a complicating element, its purpose in a sentence.

The term “conversion” itself accurately reflects its essence.

An address is a word or combination of words that names the person to whom the speech is addressed. Most often it has the form nominative case and is pronounced with a special, vocative intonation.

It is no coincidence that intonation is called “vocal”. The whole point is that in Old Russian language there were not six cases, but seven. Just the seventh case was called - vocative, i.e. it was used when addressing people. Until now, this case has been preserved in the Ukrainian language, but has disappeared from Russian. But we can find forms of the vocative case in some literary works.

Remember, for example, how the fish addressed the old man from A.S.’s fairy tale. Pushkin's "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish"? (“What do you want, old man?”). The poet used the vocative case in the tale.

In order not to confuse the address with the subject, which is also expressed by the nominative case form, it should be taken into account that the address is not a member of the sentence and is not part of the grammatical basis. Just like introductory words or interjections, addresses are not connected with other words by either a subordinating or coordinating connection. They correlate in meaning either with the entire sentence or with any part of it and serve to attract the interlocutor’s attention to the message or to evaluate the message. Appeals in letters are highlighted with commas or an exclamation mark.

For example:

Farewell, sea, I will not forget your solemn beauty. (A. Pushkin)

The appeal can be at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence. It can also be used as an independent sentence. For example, we can say: For example:

Guys, come here!

And we can use the sentence for the same purpose:

Most often, addresses are used in colloquial speech. In oral speech, they serve to attract the interlocutor’s attention to the message and at the same time to express the speaker’s attitude towards the interlocutor. Such addresses are expressed by animate nouns, less often - by adjectives in the meaning of such nouns.

For example:

Hush, Lidochka, darling, hush! (N. Chukovsky)

Also, when addressing there may be definitions, most often expressed by adjectives and participles, possessive and demonstrative pronouns, dependent nouns, numerals, sometimes a separate subordinate clause. This kind of treatment is called common.

For example:

Dear colleagues, congratulations on your professional holiday!

Now you won’t beat so much, heart touched by a chill. (S. Yesenin)

Common calls can be dissected. This is characteristic of colloquial speech or speech reproducing colloquial speech:

For example:

Why, smart one, are you delirious, head? (I. Krylov).

Uncommon addresses are used to distinguish the addressee from among others who perceive the speech. And common addresses not only name the addressee, but also characterize him and convey the attitude towards him.

In poetic speech, an inanimate noun can also act as an address. This is one of the techniques of personification.

For example:

Silver road, where are you calling me? (S. Yesenin)

There are also unique traditions in the use of appeals. So, for example, in many countries, generally accepted addresses have not changed for centuries, for example, in Great Britain - sir and miss, in Poland - pan and pani, in Italy - signor and signora, in France - monsieur and madame, etc. Are there traditional appeals in our country? Quite recently (by historical standards) in our country it was customary to address a woman as “citizen”, and to address a man as “citizen” or “comrade”, regardless of the gender of the interlocutor.

For example:

Comrade Petrova, speak at the meeting.

Nowadays we don't say that anymore. But we can use, for example, some addresses that reflect belonging to a particular profession.

For example, in medicine: doctor, sister, nanny;

Or the traditional address to women and men: woman, girl, young man, man, etc.

But there is no generally accepted, universally recognized system of address in the Russian language. The impersonal form of address is often used:

For example, in transport: “Excuse me, what is the next stop?”

Or in an unfamiliar city: “Please tell me how to get to the street of Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad?”

Now let's summarize briefly:

1. An address is a word or combination of words that names the person to whom the speech is addressed.

2. It is distinguished by intonation in oral speech and punctuation marks in writing (usually commas, in some cases - an exclamation point).

3. The appeal can be at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence. It can also be used as an independent sentence.

4. Most often, addresses are used in colloquial speech and can be expressed by an animate or inanimate noun in the form of the nominative case or by adjectives in the meaning of animate nouns.

5. There are also common appeals - these are appeals with a definition. In addition, before the address, the particle O can be used, which is not separated from it by a comma, but the interjection O (in the meaning of “ah”) is separated by a comma or an exclamation mark.

6. In the Russian language there are no uniform addresses to women and men.

List of used literature:

1. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others. Russian language: textbooks for grades 5, 6, 7. general educational institutions; Scientific ed. acad. RAO N.M. Shansky. – M.: Enlightenment.
2. Trostentsova L.A., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language: textbooks for grades 8, 9. educational institutions. – M.: Enlightenment.
3. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I., Kapinos V.I. and others. Russian language: Textbooks for grades 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. educational institutions /Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta, - M.: Bustard.
4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language: Textbooks for grades 5, 6, 7, 8. educational institutions. – M.: Mnemosyne.
5. Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. Textbook for grades 5-9. educational institutions. – M.: Bustard.
6. V.V. Babaytseva, A.P. Eremeeva, A.Yu. Kupalova, G.K. Lidman-Orlova and others. Russian language. Practice. Textbooks for grades 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. educational institutions. – M., Bustard; Nikitina E.I.
7. Russian speech. 5-9 grades. – M.: Bustard.
8. Barkhudarov S.G., Kryuchkov S.E., Maksimov A.Yu. and others. Russian language: Textbooks for grades 8, 9. educational institutions - M.: Education.
9. Bogdanova G.A. Test tasks in Russian. 8th grade. M.: Education, 2012
10. Goldin Z.D., Svetlysheva V.N. Russian language in tables. Grades 5-11: Reference manual. – M.: Bustard, 2000

LESSON № 42

Subject. The appeal is not widespread and widespread. Nouns and substantivized words as addresses. Punctuation marks in a sentence with an address

Goal: to deepen the concept of conversion among schoolchildren; develop their ability to find references in the text, highlight them correctly, and cultivate in students careful attitude to the tongue.

Expected results: students recognize appeals in sentences and comprehend their role in speech; make up sentences with addresses and use correct punctuation marks.

Equipment: textbook, diagram, teaching material.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Lesson progress

I. UPDATED STUDENTS’ BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

- Checking homework.

- Conversation with students.

What is an appeal?

Tell us about the place of reference in the sentence.

How does it stand out?

Is the appeal part of the sentence?

- Analysis of test work.

II. MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS' LEARNING ACTIVITIES. ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE TOPIC AND OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON

- Assignment for students.

In which group of sentences were errors made during parsing? For what reason were the mistakes made? Determine the moods of the verbs in both groups of sentences.

III. PERCEPTION AND LEARNING EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL

- Working with the textbook.

Reading theoretical material.

pp. 161-162.

P. 142.

- Familiarization with the scheme.

Teacher's word.

Most often the appeal is given name or the name of a person by relationship, gender, age, profession, etc.: Why are you crying, old man? (M. Sholokhov)

The function of address is sometimes performed by names or nicknames of animals, names of objects, manifested (personification): Have fun, my zealous horse! (A. Pushkin) Wind! Wind! You are powerful! (A. Pushkin)

The address is expressed by a noun in the form of the nominative case, as well as by a substantivized adjective, participle or numeral: Remember, thirties! (G. Rozhdestvensky) Sick! For an injection! Vacationers! Excursions are offered to your attention.

In the Ukrainian and Russian languages, address can be expressed by a noun in the old vocative form. Compare: N And what, buddy! Don't scold! (T. Shevchenko) and What do you want, elder? (A. Pushkin)

In colloquial speech, an address can be expressed by a noun in the indirect case, a personal pronoun of the 2nd person, an interjection: Hey you! Go wake up Davydov. (M. Sholokhov) Be careful, hey! (A. Fadeev) Hey, in a tunic, come here.

- Training exercises.

1. Spread the appeals in the following sentences.

Guys, let's meet more often. Hands, how many useful things you have done! Write to me, sister, about your news. Parents! We invite you to a festive concert. Ivan Alekseevich! Congratulations on your anniversary!

2. Come up with three sentences with common appeals in different positions. Explain punctuation marks.

3. Place punctuation marks. Determine the type of appeal. Which literary device used here? Underline the basis of the sentence.

Oh, the first lily of the valley from under the snow you ask sun rays. (A. Fet) The steppe is a wide deserted steppe, why do you look so cloudy? (Y. Nikitin) To you the Caucasus, harsh king of the earth, I again dedicate a careless verse. (M. Lermontov) Make noise, make noise, obedient sail, worry beneath me, the gloomy ocean. (A. Pushkin)

4. Rewrite the sentences, omitting the subject. Compare style. Place punctuation marks.

You citizens, passengers, get out of the carriage quickly. You, Anna Arkadyevna, don’t doubt me. You, Petya, immediately begin the work entrusted to you. I ask you, Andryusha, not to interfere in something that’s not your own business. Will you come to the pool tomorrow Valya?

- Working with the textbook.

Doing exercises.

164 (written).

342 (written).

IV. CONSOLIDATING KNOWLEDGE, ABILITIES AND SKILLS

- Training exercise.

Write down the sentences using punctuation marks. Underline the subjects, indicate the address with the letter o, indicate the part of speech.

- Dictation-translation.

Translate from Ukrainian language rules of conduct with a dog in Russian. Insert relevant references.

Do not approach a dog that is tied because it is protecting its personal territory.

Even if the dog looks quite peaceful, do not approach him without the owner's permission.

Don't touch your dog while he's eating.

Do not look the dog in the eyes, do not smile: the dog may perceive this as aggression.

Do not turn your back to the dog or try to run. Be careful in hallways and elevators around your dog.

V. HOMEWORK

1. B learn theoretical material.

2. Complete exercises: - 166 (written): - 348 (written).

VI. SUMMARY OF THE LESSON

- Assignment for students.

Prove that appeals are not grammatically related to other parts of the sentence.