What is included in land. Ground forces

Ground forces are the backbone of the army of any country in the world, and the Russian army is no exception. The Russian Ground Forces are one of the three main types of troops of the Russian Armed Forces, their main task is to conduct combat operations on land.

Ground forces are the most ancient type of troops. In Russia, their history begins in the 13th century. Army Day in our country is celebrated on October 1. This date was not chosen by chance: it was on October 1, 1550 that Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible issued a decree on the creation of a regular army from among selected servicemen. Therefore, in 2006, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation, the holiday “Ground Forces Day” was established on this day. Every year on October 1, Russians pay tribute to the soldiers who died defending the Fatherland.

Russian Ground Forces: structure and strength

The ground forces of the Russian Federation in 2019 had a strength of about 300 thousand people. The Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces since 2014 has been O. L. Salyukov.

Goals and objectives Ground Forces can be divided into three groups:

in peacetime;
in a threatened environment;
during the war.

During peacetime, the Ground Forces are obliged to support high level combat training, ensure constant readiness for operational and mobilization deployment, create a reserve of weapons, ammunition and military equipment in case of war. During peacetime, ground forces participate in peacekeeping missions.

In a threatening period, the Ground Forces increase their numbers, provide conditions for rapid deployment, prepare military equipment and weapons for a future conflict, carry out defensive measures, and increase the training of human reserves.

IN wartime The Ground Forces are being deployed; the main task during this period is to repel the enemy’s aggression and defeat him.

The Ground Forces include several branches of the military:

motorized rifle;
tank;
missile forces and artillery;
Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces;
special troops.

Each of the above types of troops has its own structure.

The Russian Ground Forces are divided into four districts. The territorial structure of NE Russia is as follows:

Western Military District (two armies with headquarters in St. Petersburg and Voronezh);
central military district (two armies with headquarters in Samara and Novosibirsk);
southern military district (two armies with headquarters in Stavropol and Vladikavkaz);
eastern military district (it includes four armies, headquarters are located in Ulan-Ude, Belogorsk, Chita and Ussuriysk).

Armies consist of divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, companies and platoons.

The Russian Ground Forces can be divided into three components. The first includes control bodies (headquarters) and communications, military units of constant readiness, which can perform limited tasks even in peacetime. Such units are given special attention in terms of manpower (mainly contract soldiers), military equipment and weapons.

The second component includes reduced-strength units that can perform limited tasks in peacetime conditions. In wartime conditions, such units should become the basis for the deployment of the army.

The third component includes strategic reserves.

This structure of the Ground Forces is optimal, since it allows saving public funds, while constantly having forces sufficient for use in local conflicts.

Military-industrial complex

Before moving on to the description of the military branches, a few words should be said about the Russian military industry in relation to the needs of the Ground Forces.

Russia inherited from the USSR a powerful military-industrial complex capable of fully satisfying the needs of the domestic armed forces. Moreover, the Russian Federation is one of the largest players in the arms market, and most of the domestic products sold on world markets are military equipment and weapons for ground forces.

The Russian military-industrial complex fully meets the needs of the Ground Forces for small arms and ammunition, armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks and other combat vehicles), artillery weapons and missiles. The list goes on.

There are dozens of design bureaus and production associations in Russia that develop, test, produce and modernize military equipment and weapons.

Most of the weapons currently used in the Russian Ground Forces were developed back in Soviet times. However, over the past few years, active modernization of the armed forces, including the Ground Forces, has been carried out.

The basis of the Russian Ground Forces are motorized rifle troops. This branch of the military appeared in 1963. The main feature of motorized rifle troops is their high level of mobility and firepower.

The Russian motorized rifle troops are equipped with both Soviet-made weapons and modern types of equipment created in recent years. This allows them to effectively hit any type of target.

In addition to the main units, motorized rifle troops have tank, anti-aircraft, artillery, and anti-tank units. There are also special-purpose units that can perform various tasks, including logistics, as well as in-depth reconnaissance behind enemy lines. All of the above significantly increases firepower this type of troops.

The main advantage of motorized rifle troops is their high mobility, which allows motorized riflemen to move from one type of combat operations to another in the shortest possible time and ensures their extreme tactical versatility. Motorized rifle units can alternate maneuver and strike, quickly concentrate in the right place and disperse if necessary.

Today, Russian motorized rifle units are armed with modern small arms, infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3), armored personnel carriers (BTR-70, BTR-80, BTR-90), and are fully equipped by road transport, including its newest samples. Motorized rifle units are armed with reconnaissance vehicles, anti-tank and anti-aircraft systems(both portable and self-propelled) and other types of weapons.

Russian motorized rifle troops took part in civil war in Tajikistan on the side of government troops, was the basis federal forces during the Chechen campaigns. Motorized rifle formations took part in the war in Georgia in 2008.

Currently, a new line of armored vehicles is being developed specifically for the Ground Forces on the Kurganets universal base, which is planned to be put into production in the near future.

According to modern military doctrine, tank forces are the main striking force of the Ground Forces. Russia inherited powerful tank forces and several powerful tank production centers from the USSR. Back in 2005 in service Russian army consisted of 23 thousand tanks of various types and modifications. They were gradually withdrawn from service; in 2009, only 2 thousand vehicles officially remained in service.

The main task facing the country's military leadership in the first decade of this century was the modernization of the tank fleet inherited from the Soviet Union. One of the priority tasks for the development of tank forces in the period from 2005 to 2010 was arming tank units with the latest T-90 type vehicles.

In parallel, work was carried out to create a new generation of combat vehicles. In 2011, they decided to stop purchasing old equipment and concentrate on developing the new Armata combat platform.

According to the official website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, today the Russian army is armed with T-72 (various modifications), T-80 and T-90 tanks. In addition, it is under conservation large number tanks of old models. According to some sources, there are about 8 thousand of them.

Recently the newest Russian tank latest generation "Armata". On its basis they plan to create a whole family of new combat vehicles. Currently, state tests of this technology are underway.

In addition to direct tank formations, the tank forces also include motorized rifle (mechanized), missile, artillery and anti-aircraft units. Tank units include engineering services, electronic warfare units, and automobile units. They can be assigned attack and transport helicopters.

Tank troops combine high maneuverability and firepower, and are highly resistant to weapons of mass destruction.

Although the importance of tank forces has relatively decreased in recent decades, they still remain the main striking force of the Ground Forces and will undoubtedly retain their importance in the coming decades.

Modern tanks are capable of overcoming water obstacles and conducting active fighting in the daytime and at night, make rapid forced marches.

Every second of September, Russia celebrates Tankman Day, remembering the invaluable services of armored forces in past wars and their significant role in strengthening the country’s defense capability today.

Rocket Forces and Artillery

This branch of the military also appeared in the early 60s of the last century. It consists of formations of operational-tactical missiles, formations of tactical missiles, large-caliber rocket artillery, as well as cannon, rocket and howitzer artillery. The missile forces include mortar units and artillery reconnaissance, supply and control units.

The military doctrine states that this branch of the military is the main means of inflicting fire damage on the enemy in battle. Missiles and artillery can also use weapons of mass destruction.

Today, the Missile Forces are armed with a large number of artillery and missile weapons, mainly developed in the Soviet years.

The most widely known to the general public are the Grad, Smerch, and Uragan multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS). They were used Soviet troops still during Afghan war, went through both Chechen campaigns and proved to be a very reliable and effective weapon.

New developments include the Tornado MLRS and the Iskander operational missile system.

In recent decades, the role of combat aviation has increased significantly. Airplanes have become faster, stealthier and deadlier. That is why there was a need for a separate branch of the military, whose task is to cover ground forces during combat operations or on the march. Air defense troops of the Ground Forces also provide cover for military and civilian targets in the near rear.

The air defense of the Ground Forces and the air defense, which protects the entire territory of the country, should not be confused - these are two different types of troops.

The task of the Air Defense of the Ground Forces is to detect enemy air weapons attacking the covered troops and destroy them. In addition, the air defense forces are responsible for missile defense in their cover area.

The date of birth of the Air Defense of the Ground Forces can be called October 1941, it was then that, by decision of the military command, the entire air defense system was divided into front-line and general, the task of which was the defense of objects in the Soviet rear.

The air defense troops of the Ground Forces are armed with anti-aircraft systems, allowing you to fight air targets at all ranges of altitudes and speeds.

Long-range air defense systems include various modifications of the S-300 complex, which have a range of destruction of air targets of up to 100 km. Anti-aircraft systems operating at medium distances include modifications of the Buk and Kub complexes. Their engagement range is about 30 km (the latest Buk has 70 km), the interception altitude of the newest modifications of the Buk exceeds 50 km.

Anti-aircraft missile systems that can destroy targets at a distance of up to 30 km also include the Tor (various modifications) and Krug systems. Currently, obsolete Tor systems are being modified to more modern ones.

The air defense forces are also armed with close combat systems that allow them to destroy air objects at distances up to 10 km. These include various modifications of the Strela anti-aircraft complex. There are also man-portable anti-aircraft systems (MANPADS) that can be used at relatively short distances. These include MANPADS "Strela", "Igla" and "Verba". Last anti-aircraft missile system was put into service in 2014.

Military conflict is not only about a soldier with a weapon in a trench or behind the levers of a tank. Modern warfare- this is first of all logistics problem. In order for a fighter on the front line to fight and effectively destroy the enemy, he needs to be provided with a lot of things. And above all, deliver him to the battlefield.

The direct transportation of personnel, military equipment and material resources is carried out by automobile, railway and road troops.

The engineering troops are engaged in the construction of fortifications, overcoming water obstacles, and the installation and neutralization of minefields. The engineering troops have engineering reconnaissance units.

RCBZ are designed to eliminate the consequences of the enemy’s use of weapons of mass destruction. This type of troops is also used to eliminate the consequences of man-made disasters.

Pipeline troops are designed to lay main pipelines and supply troops with fuels and lubricants. The task of these units is to supply a sufficient amount of fuel over tens and hundreds of kilometers.

The main task of the signal troops is to ensure coordination between various military units and structures. It is precisely well-established communication that allows one to quickly lead troops and timely use various types weapons, avoid enemy retaliatory strikes.

Video about the Russian Ground Forces

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Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Base:
Divisions:	Types of troops: Ground forces Air Force Navy Independent branches of the military: Aerospace Defense Forces Airborne Forces Strategic Missile Forces
Command
Supreme Commander-in-Chief:	Vladimir Putin
Minister of Defense:	Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu
Chief of the General Staff:	Valery Vasilievich Gerasimov
Military forces
Military age:	From 18 to 27 years old
Duration of conscription:	12 months
Employed in the army:	1,000,000 people


	2101 billion rubles (2013)
GNP percentages:	3.4% (2013)
Industry
Domestic suppliers:	Air Defense Concern "Almaz-Antey" UAC-ODK Russian Helicopters Uralvagonzavod Sevmash GAZ Group Ural KamAZ Northern Shipyard OJSC NPO Izhmash UAC (JSC Sukhoi, MiG) FSUE "MMPP Salyut" JSC "Tactical Missile Weapons Corporation"
Annual export:	15.2 billion US dollars (2012) Military equipment is supplied to 66 countries.

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces)- a state military organization of the Russian Federation, designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation - Russia, for the armed defense of the integrity and inviolability of its territory, as well as to carry out tasks in accordance with international treaties of Russia.

Included Russian Armed Forces includes types of armed forces: Ground Forces, Air Force, Navy; separate types of troops - Aerospace Defense Troops, Airborne Troops and Rocket Forces strategic purpose; central bodies of military command; The rear of the Armed Forces, as well as troops not included in the types and branches of troops (see also MTR of the Russian Federation).

Russian Armed Forces created on May 7, 1992 and at that time numbered 2,880,000 personnel. This is one of the largest armed forces in the world, with more than 1,000,000 personnel. The staffing level is established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation; as of January 1, 2008, a quota of 2,019,629 personnel was established, including 1,134,800 military personnel. The Russian Armed Forces are distinguished by the presence of the world's largest stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons, and a well-developed system of means of delivering them.

Command

Supreme Commander

The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces is the President of Russia. In the event of aggression against Russia or an immediate threat of aggression, he introduces martial law on the territory of Russia or in its individual localities, in order to create conditions for repelling or preventing it, with immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and State Duma for approval of the corresponding decree.

To resolve the issue of the possibility of using Russian Armed Forces outside the territory of Russia, a corresponding resolution of the Federation Council is necessary. In peacetime, the head of state exercises general political leadership Armed forces, and in wartime leads the defense of the state and its Armed forces to repel aggression.

The President of Russia also forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation; approves the military doctrine of Russia; appoints and dismisses high command Russian Armed Forces. The President, as Supreme Commander-in-Chief, approves the Russian Military Doctrine, concept and construction plans Armed Forces, mobilization plan Armed Forces, economic mobilization plans, civil defense plan and other acts in the field of military development. The head of state also approves general military regulations, regulations on the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff. The President annually issues decrees on conscription into military service, on the transfer to the reserve of persons of certain ages who have served in Sun, signs international treaties on joint defense and military cooperation.

Ministry of Defense

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Defense) is the governing body Russian Armed Forces. The main tasks of the Russian Ministry of Defense include the development and implementation of public policy in the field of defense; legal regulation in the field of defense; organization of application armed forces in accordance with federal constitutional laws, federal laws and international treaties of Russia; maintaining the necessary readiness armed forces; implementation of construction activities armed forces; ensuring social protection of military personnel and civilian personnel armed forces, citizens discharged from military service and members of their families; development and implementation of state policy in the field of international military cooperation. The Ministry carries out its activities directly and through the governing bodies of military districts, other military command and control bodies, territorial bodies, and military commissariats.

The Ministry of Defense is headed by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, who is appointed and dismissed by the President of Russia on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of Russia. The Minister reports directly to the President of Russia, and on issues referred to by the Constitution of Russia, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and presidential decrees to the responsibility of the Russian government, to the Chairman of the Russian Government. The Minister bears personal responsibility for solving problems and implementing the powers entrusted to the Russian Ministry of Defense and armed forces, and carries out its activities on the basis of unity of command. The ministry has a board consisting of the minister, his first deputies and deputies, heads of services of the ministry, commanders-in-chief of services armed forces.

The current Minister of Defense is Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu.

General Staff

The General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the central body of military command and the main body of operational control Armed forces. The General Staff coordinates the activities of the border troops and the federal security service (FSB), internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), Railway Troops, federal body for special communications and information, civil defense troops, engineering, technical and road construction military formations, Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) of Russia, federal state security bodies, federal body for ensuring mobilization training of bodies state power to carry out tasks in the field of defense, construction and development armed forces, as well as their applications. The General Staff consists of main directorates, directorates and other structural units.

The main tasks of the General Staff include the implementation of strategic planning for the use armed forces, other troops, military formations and bodies, taking into account their tasks and the military-administrative division of the country; conducting operational and mobilization training armed forces; translation armed forces on the organization and composition of wartime, the organization of strategic and mobilization deployment armed forces, other troops, military formations and bodies; coordination of activities related to military registration activities in the Russian Federation; organization of intelligence activities for defense and security purposes; planning and organizing communications; topographic and geodetic support armed forces; implementation of activities related to the protection of state secrets; conducting military scientific research.

The current Chief of the General Staff is Army General Valery Gerasimov (since November 9, 2012).

Story

The first republican military department appeared in the RSFSR ( cm.Red Army), later - during the collapse of the USSR (July 14, 1990). However, due to the rejection by the majority of people’s deputies of the RSFSR of the idea of independent Sun The department was called not the Ministry of Defense, but the State Committee of the RSFSR for Public Security and Interaction with the Ministry of Defense of the USSR and the KGB of the USSR. After the coup attempt in Vilnius on January 13, 1991, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, took the initiative to create a republican army, and on January 31, the State Committee for Public Security was transformed into the RSFSR State Committee for Defense and Security, headed by Army General Konstantin Kobets . During 1991, the Committee was repeatedly modified and renamed. From August 19 (the day of the coup attempt in Moscow) to September 9, the Ministry of Defense of the RSFSR temporarily functioned.

At the same time, Yeltsin made an attempt to create a national guard of the RSFSR, and even began accepting volunteers. Until 1995, it was planned to form at least 11 brigades of 3-5 thousand people each, with a total number of no more than 100 thousand. It was planned to deploy National Guard units in 10 regions, including Moscow (three brigades), Leningrad (two brigades) and a number of other important cities and regions. Regulations were prepared on the structure, composition, recruitment methods, and tasks of the National Guard. By the end of September in Moscow, about 15 thousand people managed to enroll in the ranks of the National Guard, most of whom were servicemen of the USSR Armed Forces. In the end, the draft decree “On the Temporary Regulations on the Russian Guard” was put on Yeltsin’s desk, but it was never signed.

After the signing of the Belovezhskaya Accords on December 21, the member states of the newly created CIS signed a protocol on temporarily entrusting the last Minister of Defense of the USSR, Air Marshal Shaposhnikov, with command of the armed forces on their territory, including strategic nuclear forces. On February 14, 1992, he formally became the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the United Armed Forces of the CIS, and the USSR Ministry of Defense was transformed into the Main Command of the Allied Forces of the CIS. On March 16, 1992, by Yeltsin’s decree, the operationally subordinate to the Main Command of the Allied Forces, as well as the Ministry of Defense, which is headed by the president himself. On May 7, a decree was signed on the creation armed forces, and Yeltsin assumed the duties of Supreme Commander-in-Chief. Army General Grachev became the first Minister of Defense, and he was the first in the Russian Federation to be awarded this title.

Armed forces in the 1990s

Included Armed Forces of the Russian Federation included departments, associations, formations, military units, institutions, military educational institutions, enterprises and organizations of the Armed Forces of the USSR, located on the territory of Russia at the time of May 1992, as well as troops (forces) under Russian jurisdiction in the territory of the Transcaucasian Military District, Western , Northern and Northwestern Groups of Forces, Black Sea Fleet, Baltic Fleet, Caspian Flotilla, 14th Guards Army, formations, military units, institutions, enterprises and organizations in Mongolia, Cuba and some other countries with a total number of 2.88 million people .

As part of the reform armed forces The concept of Mobile Forces was developed at the General Staff. Mobile forces were supposed to be 5 separate motorized rifle brigades, staffed according to wartime levels (95-100%) with a single staff and weapons. Thus, it was planned to get rid of the cumbersome mobilization mechanism, and in the future to transfer Sun entirely on a contract basis. However, by the end of 1993, only three such brigades were formed: the 74th, 131st and 136th, and it was not possible either to reduce the brigades to a single staff (even battalions within the same brigade differed in staff), nor to staff them according to wartime states. The understaffing of the units was so significant that at the beginning of the First Chechen War (1994-1996), Grachev asked Boris Yeltsin to sanction limited mobilization, but was refused, and the United Group of Forces in Chechnya had to be formed from units from all military districts. The first Chechen war also revealed serious shortcomings in troop management.

After Chechnya, Igor Rodionov was appointed as the new Minister of Defense, and in 1997, Igor Sergeev. A new attempt was made to create fully equipped units with a single staff. As a result, by 1998 in Russian Armed Forces 4 categories of parts and connections appeared:

constant readiness (staffing - 95-100% of the wartime staff);
reduced staff (staffing - up to 70%);
storage bases for weapons and military equipment (staffing - 5-10%);
cropped (staffing - 5-10%).

However, the translation Sun the contract method of recruitment was not possible due to insufficient funding, while this issue became painful in Russian society against the backdrop of losses in the First Chechen War. At the same time, it was possible to only slightly increase the share of “contract workers” in Armed Forces. By this time the number Sun was reduced by more than half - to 1,212,000 people.

In the Second Chechen War (1999-2006), the United Group of Forces was formed from units of permanent readiness of the ground forces, as well as the Airborne Forces. At the same time, only one tactical battalion group was allocated from these units (only one motorized rifle brigade from the Siberian Military District fought in its entirety) - this was done in order to quickly compensate for losses in the war at the expense of personnel who remained in the places of permanent deployment of their parts. Since the end of 1999, the share of “contract soldiers” in Chechnya began to grow, reaching 45% in 2003.

Armed forces in the 2000s

In 2001, the Ministry of Defense was headed by Sergei Ivanov. After the end of the active phase of hostilities in Chechnya, it was decided to return to the “Grachevsky” plans for the transfer to contract manning of troops: permanent readiness units were to be transferred to a contract basis, and the remaining units and formations, BHVT, CBR and institutions were to be left on an urgent basis. In 2003, the corresponding Federal Target Program began. The first unit transferred to a “contract” within its framework was the airborne regiment as part of the 76th Pskov Airborne Division, and since 2005 other units and formations of permanent readiness began to be transferred to a contract basis. However, this program was also not successful due to poor pay, conditions of service and the lack of social infrastructure in the places where contract soldiers served.

In 2005, work also began on optimizing the control system Armed Forces. According to the plan of the Chief of the General Staff Yuri Baluevsky, it was planned to create three regional commands, to which units of all types and branches of the military would be subordinate. On the basis of the Moscow Military District, Leningrad Military District, the Baltic and Northern Fleets, as well as the former Moscow Military District of the Air Force and Air Defense, the Western Regional Command was to be created; based on part of the Purvo, North Caucasus Military District and the Caspian Flotilla - Yuzhnoye; based on part of the PurVO, Siberian Military District, Far Eastern Military District and the Pacific Fleet - Eastern. All units of central subordination in the regions were to be reassigned to regional commands. At the same time, it was planned to abolish the Main Commands of the branches and branches of the military. The implementation of these plans was, however, postponed to 2010-2015 due to failures in the program for transferring troops to a contract basis, for which the bulk of the financial resources were urgently transferred.

However, under Serdyukov, who replaced Ivanov in 2007, the idea of creating regional commands was quickly returned to. It was decided to start from the East. The staff for the command was developed and the location of deployment was determined - Ulan-Ude. In January 2008, the Eastern Regional Command was created, but at the joint command and control command of the SibVO and Far Eastern Military District units in March-April, it showed its ineffectiveness, and was disbanded in May.

In 2006, the Russian State Arms Development Program for 2007-2015 was launched.

Armed forces after the Five Day War

Participation in armed conflict in South Ossetia and its widespread media coverage revealed the main shortcomings armed forces: complex control system and low mobility. Troop control during combat operations was carried out “along the chain” of the General Staff - Headquarters of the North Caucasus Military District - Headquarters of the 58th Army, and only then orders and directives reached the units directly. The low ability to maneuver forces over long distances was explained by the cumbersome organizational structure of units and formations: only airborne units were able to be transferred to the region by air. Already in September-October 2008, the transition was announced armed forces to a “new look” and a new radical military reform. New reform armed forces designed to increase their mobility and combat effectiveness, coordination of actions of different types and types Sun.

During the military reform, the military-administrative structure of the Armed Forces was completely reorganized. Instead of six military districts, four were formed, while all formations, formations and units of the Air Force, Navy and Airborne Forces were reassigned to the headquarters of the districts. The control system of the Ground Forces was simplified by eliminating the divisional level. Organizational changes in the troops were accompanied by a sharp increase in the growth rate of military spending, which increased from less than 1 trillion rubles in 2008 to 2.15 trillion rubles in 2013. This, as well as a number of other measures, made it possible to speed up the rearmament of troops, significantly increase the intensity of combat training, and increase the pay of military personnel.

Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Armed forces consist of three branches of the Armed Forces, three branches of the military, the Logistics of the Armed Forces, the Housing and Accommodation Service of the Ministry of Defense and troops not included in the branches of the Armed Forces. Geographically, the Armed Forces are divided between 4 military districts:

(Blue) Western Military District - headquarters in St. Petersburg;
(Brown) Southern Military District - headquarters in Rostov-on-Don;
(Green) Central Military District - headquarters in Yekaterinburg;
(Yellow) Eastern Military District - headquarters in Khabarovsk.

Types of armed forces

Ground forces

Ground Forces, SV- the most numerous species in terms of combat strength armed forces. Ground forces are intended to conduct an offensive in order to defeat the enemy group, seize and hold its territories, regions and borders, deliver fire strikes to great depths, and repel enemy incursions and large airborne assaults. The ground forces of the Russian Federation, in turn, include the following types of troops:

Motorized rifle troops, MSV- the largest branch of the ground forces, it is a mobile infantry equipped with infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers. They consist of motorized rifle formations, units and subunits, which include motorized rifle, artillery, tank and other units and subunits.
Tank troops, TV- the main striking force of the ground forces, maneuverable, highly mobile and resistant to the effects of nuclear weapons, troops designed to carry out deep breakthroughs and develop operational success, are able to immediately overcome water obstacles for fording and on crossing facilities. Tank troops consist of tank, motorized rifle (mechanized, motorized infantry), missile, artillery and other units and units.
Missile forces and artillery, missile forces and air forces designed for fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy. They are armed with cannon and rocket artillery. They consist of formations of units and units of howitzer, cannon, rocket, anti-tank artillery, mortars, as well as artillery reconnaissance, control and support.
Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces, Air Defense Forces- a branch of ground forces designed to protect ground forces from enemy air attack weapons, to defeat them, as well as to prohibit enemy aerial reconnaissance. The SV air defense is armed with mobile, towed and man-portable anti-aircraft missile and anti-aircraft gun systems.
Special troops and services- a set of troops and services of the ground forces intended to carry out highly specialized operations to support combat and everyday activities armed forces. Special forces consist of radiation, chemical and biological defense troops (RCH protection troops), engineering troops, communications troops, electronic warfare troops, railway, automobile troops, etc.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces is Colonel General Vladimir Chirkin, the Chief of the Main Staff is Lieutenant General Sergei Istrakov.

Air Force

Air Force, Air Force- a branch of the Armed Forces designed to conduct reconnaissance of enemy groups, ensure the conquest of air supremacy (deterrence), protection from air strikes of important military-economic regions and objects of the country and groupings of troops, warning of air attack, destruction of objects that form the basis of the military and military-economic potential of the enemy, air support for ground forces and naval forces, airborne landings, transportation of troops and material resources by air. The Russian Air Force includes:

Long-range aviation - main striking device Air Force, designed to destroy (including nuclear) groups of troops, aviation, and naval forces of the enemy and the destruction of its important military, military-industrial, energy facilities, communications centers in strategic and operational depth. It can also be used for aerial reconnaissance and mining from the air.
Frontline aviation- the main strike force of the Air Force, solves problems in combined arms, joint and independent operations, designed to destroy enemy troops and targets in operational depth in the air, on land and at sea. Can be used for aerial reconnaissance and mining from the air.
Army aviation designed for air support of the Ground Forces by destroying enemy ground armored mobile targets at the front line and in tactical depth, as well as to ensure combined arms combat and increase the mobility of troops. Army aviation units and units perform fire, airborne transport, reconnaissance and special combat missions.
Military transport aviation- one of the types military aviation, part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It provides air transportation of troops, military equipment and cargo, as well as airborne assault forces. Performs sudden tasks in peacetime when arising as emergency situations natural and man-made, as well as conflict situations in a particular region that pose a threat to the security of the state. The main purpose of military transport aviation is to ensure the strategic mobility of the Russian Armed Forces, and in peacetime, to ensure the livelihoods of troops in various regions.
Special aviation designed to solve a wide range of tasks: long-range radar detection and control, electronic warfare, reconnaissance and target designation, control and communications, refueling aircraft in the air, conducting radiation, chemical and engineering reconnaissance, evacuation of the wounded and sick, search and rescue of flight crews and etc.
Anti-aircraft missile forces, air defense missile forces designed to protect important administrative and economic regions and facilities of Russia from air attack.
Radio technical troops, RTV are intended for conducting radar reconnaissance, issuing information for radar support of units of anti-aircraft missile forces and aviation, as well as for monitoring the use of airspace.

Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force - Lieutenant General Viktor Bondarev

Navy

Navy- a type of armed forces designed to conduct search and rescue operations, protect the economic interests of Russia, and conduct combat operations in sea and ocean theaters of military operations. The Navy is capable of delivering conventional and nuclear strikes against enemy sea and coastal forces, disrupting its sea communications, landing amphibious assault forces, etc. The Russian Navy consists of four fleets: the Baltic, Northern, Pacific and Black Sea and Caspian Flotilla. The Navy includes:

Submarine forces- the main striking force of the fleet. Submarine forces are capable of secretly entering the ocean, approaching the enemy and delivering a sudden and powerful strike against him using conventional and nuclear means. The submarine forces include multipurpose/torpedo ships and guided missile cruisers.
Surface forces provide covert access to the ocean and the deployment of submarine forces and their return. Surface forces are capable of transporting and covering landings, laying and removing minefields, disrupting enemy communications and protecting their own.
Naval aviation- aviation component of the Navy. There are strategic, tactical, carrier-based and coastal aviation. Naval aviation is designed to deliver bombing and missile strikes against enemy ships and coastal forces, conducting radar reconnaissance, searching for submarines and destroying them.
Coastal troops designed to protect naval bases and fleet bases, ports, important areas of the coast, islands and straits from attacks by enemy ships and amphibious assault forces. The basis of their weapons are coastal missile systems and artillery, anti-aircraft missile systems, mines and torpedo weapon, as well as special coastal defense ships. To ensure defense by troops on the coast, coastal fortifications are created.
Formations and special forces units of the Navy- formations, units and subunits of the Navy, designed to conduct special events on the territory of enemy naval bases and in coastal areas, conducting reconnaissance.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy is Admiral Viktor Chirkov, the Chief of the Main Staff of the Navy is Admiral Alexander Tatarinov.

Independent branches of the military

Aerospace Defense Forces

Aerospace Defense Forces- an independent branch of the military, designed to convey warning information about a missile attack, Moscow's missile defense, the creation, deployment, maintenance and management of an orbital constellation of military, dual, socio-economic and scientific spacecraft. The complexes and systems of the Space Forces solve problems of a national strategic scale not only in the interests of the Armed Forces and other law enforcement agencies, but also of most ministries and departments, the economy, and the social sphere. The structure of the Space Forces includes:

The first state test cosmodrome "Plesetsk" (until 2007, the Second state test cosmodrome "Svobodny" also functioned, until 2008 - the Fifth state test cosmodrome "Baikonur", which later became only a civilian cosmodrome)
Launch of military spacecraft
Launch of dual-use spacecraft
Main test space center named after G. S. Titov
Department for depositing cash settlement services
Military educational institutions and support units (The main educational institution is the A. F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy)

Commanding Space Forces- Lieutenant General Oleg Ostapenko, Chief of the Main Staff - Major General Vladimir Derkach. On December 1, 2011, a new branch of the military took over combat duty - the Aerospace Defense Forces (VVKO).

Strategic Missile Forces

Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN)- type of military Armed Forces, the main component of Russia's strategic nuclear forces. The Strategic Missile Forces are designed for nuclear deterrence of possible aggression and destruction as part of strategic nuclear forces or independently by massive, group or single nuclear missile strikes of strategic targets located in one or several strategic aerospace directions and forming the basis of the enemy’s military and military-economic potential. The Strategic Missile Forces are armed with ground-based intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads.

three missile armies (headquarters in the cities of Vladimir, Orenburg, Omsk)
4th State Central Interspecific Test Site Kapustin Yar (which also includes the former 10th Test Site Sary-Shagan in Kazakhstan)
4th Central Research Institute (Yubileiny, Moscow Region)
educational institutions (Peter the Great Military Academy in Moscow, military institute in the city of Serpukhov)
arsenals and central repair plants, storage bases for weapons and military equipment

The commander of the Strategic Missile Forces is Colonel General Sergei Viktorovich Karakaev.

Airborne troops

Airborne troops (VDV)- an independent branch of the military, which includes airmobile formations: airborne and air assault divisions and brigades, as well as individual units. Airborne forces are designed for operational landing and combat operations behind enemy lines.

The Airborne Forces have 4 divisions: 7th (Novorossiysk), 76th (Pskov), 98th (Ivanovo and Kostroma), 106th (Tula), Training Center (Omsk), Higher Ryazan School, 38th communications regiment, 45th reconnaissance regiment, 31st brigade (Ulyanovsk). In addition, in military districts (subordinate to a district or army) there are airborne (or air assault) brigades, which administratively belong to the Airborne Forces, but are operationally subordinate to military commanders.

The commander of the Airborne Forces is Colonel General Vladimir Shamanov.

Weapons and military equipment

Traditionally, starting from the middle of the 20th century, foreign military equipment and weapons were almost completely absent from the USSR Armed Forces. A rare exception was the production of the socialist countries 152-mm self-propelled gun vz.77). In the USSR, a completely self-sufficient military production was created, which was capable of producing for the needs armed forces any weapons and equipment. In the years Cold War its gradual accumulation took place, and by 1990 the volume of weapons in the USSR Armed Forces had reached unprecedented levels: the ground forces alone had about 63 thousand tanks, 86 thousand infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, 42 thousand artillery barrels. A significant portion of these reserves went to Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other republics.

Currently, the ground forces are armed with T-64, T-72, T-80, T-90 tanks; infantry fighting vehicles BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3; airborne combat vehicles BMD-1, BMD-2, BMD-3, BMD-4M; armored personnel carriers BTR-70, BTR-80; armored vehicles GAZ-2975 "Tiger", Italian Iveco LMV; self-propelled and towed cannon artillery; multiple launch rocket systems BM-21, 9K57, 9K58, TOS-1; tactical missile systems Tochka and Iskander; air defense systems Buk, Tor, Pantsir-S1, S-300, S-400.

The Air Force is armed with MiG-29, MiG-31, Su-27, Su-30, Su-35 fighters; front-line bombers Su-24 and Su-34; Su-25 attack aircraft; long-range and strategic missile-carrying bombers Tu-22M3, Tu-95, Tu-160. The An-22, An-70, An-72, An-124, and Il-76 aircraft are used in military transport aviation. Special aircraft are used: the Il-78 air tanker, the Il-80 and Il-96-300PU air command posts, and the A-50 long-range radar detection aircraft. The Air Force also has combat helicopters Mi-8, Mi-24 of various modifications, Mi-35M, Mi-28N, Ka-50, Ka-52; as well as anti-aircraft missile systems S-300 and S-400. Multirole fighters Su-35S and T-50 (factory index) are being prepared for adoption.

The Navy has one aircraft-carrying cruiser of Project 1143.5, missile cruisers of Project 1144 and Project 1164, large anti-submarine destroyers of Project 1155, Project 956, corvettes of Project 20380, Project 1124, sea and base minesweepers, landing ships Project 775. The submarine force includes multi-purpose torpedo ships of Project 971, Project 945, Project 671, Project 877; missile submarines of Project 949, strategic missile cruisers of Projects 667BDRM, 667BDR, 941, as well as SSBNs of Project 955.

Nuclear weapons

Russia has the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and the second largest group of strategic nuclear weapons carriers after the United States. By the beginning of 2011, the strategic nuclear forces included 611 “deployed” strategic delivery vehicles capable of carrying 2,679 nuclear warheads. In 2009, the arsenals had about 16 thousand warheads in long-term storage. Deployed strategic nuclear forces are distributed in the so-called nuclear triad: intercontinental ballistic missiles, submarine-launched ballistic missiles and strategic bombers are used to deliver them. The first element of the triad is concentrated in the Strategic Missile Forces, where the R-36M, UR-100N, RT-2PM, RT-2PM2 and RS-24 missile systems are in service. Marine strategic forces are represented by the R-29R, R-29RM, R-29RMU2 missiles, the carriers of which are strategic missile submarines of projects 667BDR “Kalmar”, 667BDRM “Dolphin”. The R-30 missile and the Project 955 Borei SSBN were put into service. Strategic aviation is represented by Tu-95MS and Tu-160 aircraft armed with X-55 cruise missiles.

Non-strategic nuclear forces are represented by tactical missiles, artillery shells, guided and free-falling bombs, torpedoes, and depth charges.

Financing and provision

Financing armed forces carried out from the federal budget of Russia under the expenditure item “National Defense”.

Russia's first military budget in 1992 was 715 trillion non-denominated rubles, which was equal to 21.5% of total expenditures. This was the second largest item of expenditure in the republican budget, second only to financing the national economy (803.89 trillion rubles). In 1993, only 3115.508 billion non-denominated rubles were allocated for national defense (3.1 billion in nominal terms at current prices), which amounted to 17.70% of total expenditures. In 1994, 40.67 trillion rubles were allocated (28.14% of total expenses), in 1995 - 48.58 trillion (19.57% of total expenses), in 1996 - 80.19 trillion (18.40 % of total expenses), in 1997 - 104.31 trillion (19.69% of total expenses), in 1998 - 81.77 billion denominated rubles (16.39% of total expenses).

As part of the allocations under Section 02 “National Defense”, which finances most of the expenses of the Russian Ministry of Defense in 2013, budgetary funds are provided for resolving key issues in the activities of the Armed Forces, including further re-equipment with new types of weapons, military and special equipment, social protection and provision of housing for military personnel, solving other problems. The bill provides for expenses under Section 02 “National Defense” for 2013 in the amount of 2,141.2 billion rubles and exceeds the volumes of 2012 by 276.35 billion rubles or 14.8% in nominal terms. Expenditures on national defense in 2014 and 2015 are provided in the amount of 2,501.4 billion rubles and 3,078.0 billion rubles, respectively. The increase in budget allocations compared to the previous year is envisaged in the amount of 360.2 billion rubles (17.6%) and 576.6 billion rubles (23.1%). In accordance with the bill, in the planned period the increase in the share of expenditures on national defense in total expenditures of the federal budget will be in 2013 - 16.0% (in 2012 - 14.5%), in 2014 - 17.6% and in 2015 - 19.7%. The share of planned expenditures on national defense in relation to GDP in 2013 will be 3.2%, in 2014 - 3.4% and in 2015 - 3.7%, which is higher than the parameters of 2012 (3.0%) .

Federal budget expenditures by section for 2012-2015. billion rubles
	Name	Changes from the previous year, %
	Name
	Armed forces
	Mobilization and non-military training
	Mobilization preparation of the economy
	Preparation and participation in ensuring collective security and peacekeeping activities
	Nuclear weapons complex
	Implementation of international agreements in the field Military-technical cooperation
	Applied scientific research in the field of defense
	Other National Defense Issues

Military service

Military service in Russian Armed Forces provided both by contract and by conscription. The minimum age of a military personnel is 18 years (for cadets of military educational institutions it may be lower at the time of enrollment), the maximum age is 65 years.

Acquisition

Officers of the army, air force and navy serve only under a contract. The officer corps is trained mainly in higher military educational institutions, upon completion of which cadets are awarded the military rank of lieutenant. The first contract with cadets - for the entire period of training and for 5 years of military service - is concluded, as a rule, in the second year of training. Contract for military service in officer rank Citizens in the reserves also have the right to conclude, including those who received the rank of “lieutenant” and those assigned to the reserves after training at military departments (faculties of military training, cycles, military training centers) at civilian universities.

Private and junior command personnel are recruited both by conscription and by contract. All male citizens of the Russian Federation aged 18 to 27 are subject to conscription. Conscription service period - one calendar year. Recruitment campaigns are carried out twice a year: spring - from April 1 to July 15, autumn - from October 1 to December 31. After 6 months of service, any serviceman can submit a report on the conclusion of the first contract with him - for 3 years. The age limit for concluding the first contract is 40 years.

Number of people called up for military service by conscription campaigns
	Spring	Total number

The vast majority of military personnel are men, in addition, about 50 thousand women serve in the military: 3 thousand in officer positions (including 28 colonels), 11 thousand warrant officers and about 35 thousand in private and sergeant positions. At the same time, 1.5% of female officers (~45 people) serve in primary command positions in the troops, the rest - in staff positions.

A distinction is made between the current mobilization reserve (the number of those subject to conscription in the current year), the organized mobilization reserve (the number of those who previously served in the Armed Forces and are enrolled in the reserve) and the potential mobilization reserve (the number of people who can be drafted into the troops (forces) in the event of mobilization). In 2009, the potential mobilization reserve amounted to 31 million people (for comparison: in the USA - 56 million people, in China - 208 million people). In 2010, the organized mobilized reserve (reserve) amounted to 20 million people. According to some domestic demographers, the number of 18-year-olds (the current mobilization reserve) will be reduced by 4 times by 2050 and will amount to 328 thousand people. Making a calculation based on the data in this article, Russia’s potential mobilization reserve in 2050 will be 14 million people, which is 55% less than the 2009 level.

Number of members

In 2011, the number of personnel Russian Armed Forces was about 1 million people. The million-strong army was the result of a gradual multi-year reduction from the 2,880 thousand numbered in the armed forces in 1992 (−65.3%). By 2008, almost half of the personnel were officers, warrant officers and midshipmen. During the military reform of 2008, the positions of warrant officers and midshipmen were reduced, and about 170 thousand officer positions were also eliminated, whereby the share of officers in the states was about 15%[ source not specified 562 days], however, later, by presidential decree, the established number of officers was increased to 220 thousand people.

In staff numbers Sun includes private and junior command personnel (sergeants and foremen) and officers serving in military units and central, district and local military authorities in military positions provided for by the staff of certain units, in commandant’s offices, military commissariats, military missions abroad, as well as cadets of higher military educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense and military training centers. Behind the staff are military personnel transferred to the disposal of commanders and superiors due to the temporary absence of vacant positions or the impossibility of dismissing a serviceman.

Monetary allowance

The monetary allowance of military personnel is regulated by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of November 7, 2011 N 306-FZ “On the monetary allowance of military personnel and the provision of individual payments to them.” The amounts of salaries for military positions and salaries for military ranks are established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 5, 2011 No. 992 “On the establishment of salaries for military personnel performing military service under a contract.”

The monetary allowance of military personnel consists of salaries (salary for military position and salary for military rank), incentives and compensation (additional) payments. Additional payments include:

for long service
for excellent qualifications
for work with information constituting state secrets
for special conditions of military service
for performing tasks directly related to the risk to life and health in peacetime
for special achievements in service

In addition to six monthly additional payments, annual bonuses are provided for the conscientious and effective performance of official duties; the established coefficient for the salary of military personnel serving in areas with unfavorable climatic or environmental conditions, outside the territory of Russia, and so on.


Military rank	Salary amount
Senior officers
General of the Army, Admiral of the Fleet
Colonel General, Admiral
Lieutenant General, Vice Admiral
Major General, Rear Admiral
Senior officers
Colonel, captain 1st rank
Lieutenant Colonel, Captain 2nd Rank
Major, captain 3rd rank
Junior officers
Captain, Lieutenant Commander
Senior Lieutenant
Lieutenant
Junior Lieutenant

Summary table of salaries for some military ranks and positions (since 2012)
Typical military position	Salary amount
In the central bodies of military control
Head of Main Department
Head of Department
Team Leader
Senior officer
In the troops
Commander of the military district troops
Commander of the Combined Arms Army
Brigade commander
Regimental commander
Battalion Commander
Company commander
Platoon leader

Military exercises

In 2010, more than 2 thousand events were held with practical actions formations and military units. This is 30% more than in 2009.

The largest of them was the operational-strategic exercise Vostok-2010. Up to 20 thousand military personnel, 4 thousand units of military equipment, up to 70 aircraft and 30 ships took part in it.

In 2011, it is planned to hold about 3 thousand practical events. The most important of them is the operational-strategic exercise “Center-2011”.

The most important event in the Armed Forces in 2012 and the end of the summer training period was the strategic command and staff exercises “Caucasus-2012”.

Meals for military personnel

Today the diet of military personnel Russian Armed Forces is organized according to the principle of constructing food rations and is built “on a system of natural rationing, the structural basis of which is a physiologically based set of products for the relevant contingents of military personnel, adequate to their energy costs and professional activities.” According to the chief of logistics of the Russian armed forces, Vladimir Isakov, “...today in the diet of a Russian soldier and sailor there is more meat, fish, eggs, butter, sausages and cheeses. For example, the daily meat allowance for each serviceman according to the general military ration norm has increased by 50 g and is now 250 g. Coffee appeared for the first time, and the norms for issuing juices (up to 100 g), milk and butter were also increased...”

By decision of the Russian Minister of Defense, 2008 was declared the year of improving nutrition for personnel of the Russian Armed Forces.

The role of the armed forces in politics and society

According to Federal law"About defense" armed forces form the basis of the state's defense and are the main element of ensuring its security. Armed forces in Russia they are not an independent political entity, do not take part in the struggle for power and the formation of state policy. It is noted that distinctive feature Russian system of state power is the determining role of the President in the relationship between power and armed forces, the order of which actually outputs Sun from the report and control of both the legislative and executive powers, with the formal presence of parliamentary oversight. IN modern history In Russia there have been cases when armed forces directly intervened in the political process and played a key role in it: during the attempted coup in 1991 and during the constitutional crisis of 1993. Among the most famous political and statesmen Russia's past active military personnel included V.V. Putin, the former governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Alexander Lebed, the former plenipotentiary representative of the President in the Siberian Federal District Anatoly Kvashnin, the governor of the Moscow region Boris Gromov and many others. Vladimir Shamanov, who headed the Ulyanovsk region in 2000-2004, continued his military service after resigning as governor.

Armed forces are one of the largest facilities budget financing. In 2011, about 1.5 trillion rubles were allocated for national defense purposes, which amounted to more than 14% of all budget expenditures. For comparison, this is three times more spending on education, four times more on healthcare, 7.5 times more on housing and communal services, or more than 100 times more on security. environment. At the same time, military personnel and civil servants Armed Forces, defense production workers, and employees of military scientific organizations make up a significant proportion of the economically active population of Russia.

Russian military installations abroad

Currently operating

Russian military facilities in the CIS
In the city of Tartus in Syria there is a Russian logistics center.
Military bases on the territory of partially recognized Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

Planned to open

According to some Russian media, in a few years Russia will have bases for its warships on the island of Socotra (Yemen) and Tripoli (Libya) (due to the change of power in these states, the plans will most likely not be implemented).

Closed

In 2001, the Russian government decided to close military bases in Cam Ranh (Vietnam) and Lourdes (Cuba), caused by changes in the geopolitical situation in the world.
In 2007, the Georgian government decided to close Russian military bases on the territory of its country.

Problems

In 2011, 51 conscript soldiers, 29 contract soldiers, 25 warrant officers and 14 officers committed suicide (for comparison, in the US Army in 2010, 156 military personnel committed suicide, in 2011 - 165 military personnel and in 2012 - 177 military personnel). The most suicidal year for the Russian Armed Forces was 2008, when 292 people in the army and 213 in the navy committed suicide.

There is a direct correlation between suicide and loss of social status - what is called the “King Lear complex.” Thus, a high rate of suicide among retired officers, young soldiers, people taken into custody, and recent retirees

Corruption

Employees of the Military Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee of Russia are conducting pre-investigation checks into the activities of not only the central office of Slavyanka, but also its regional divisions. Most of these checks turn into theft investigations. budget funds. So, the other day, military investigators near Moscow opened a criminal case into the theft of about 40,000,000 rubles received by the Solnechnogorsk branch of Slavyanka OJSC. This money was supposed to be used to repair the buildings of the Ministry of Defense, but it turned out to be stolen and “cashed out.”

Problems of implementing freedom of conscience

The establishment of an institute of military chaplains may be considered a violation of freedom of conscience and religion.

The armed forces in any state are a key element in ensuring the country's defense capability. Their proper management depends on their proper organization. The structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ensures the rapid and correct performance of the functions assigned by law to the state military organization of the country.

Structure of the RF Armed Forces

The Armed Forces are a military organization of the Russian Federation, the main function of which is to repel military aggression in order to ensure territorial integrity, as well as carry out tasks in accordance with Russia’s international obligations. The RF Armed Forces were created on May 7, 1992. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief is the President of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the Presidential Decree of 2008, the strength of the Russian Armed Forces is set at 2,019,629 people, of which 1.3 million are military personnel.

Organizationally, the Armed Forces consist of three services, three separate branches of the military, the Logistics Service, as well as the Quartering Service, which is not a branch of the Armed Forces. In addition, the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was created on a territorial principle: the territory of the Russian Federation is divided into 4 military districts.

Territorial structure

Today in the Russian Federation there are four military districts, which are assumed by the territorial structure of the Armed Forces:

Western Military District. The command and headquarters are located in St. Petersburg.
Eastern Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Khabarovsk.
Central Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Yekaterinburg.
Southern Military District. The command and headquarters are located in Rostov-on-Don.

The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation in the diagram:

Types of aircraft

The main element of the Armed Forces are the types of armed forces. In the Russian military department, the law establishes the presence of three types of armed forces: the Air Force, the Ground Forces and the Navy.

Today, the Ground Forces are the largest branch of the Russian armed forces. Their main function is to conduct offensive actions, the purpose of which is to defeat the enemy, seize and retain his territory, individual areas and borders, repulse the invasion of the enemy’s country and his large landings, and deliver artillery and missile strikes to great depths. In turn, the Ground Forces are organizationally composed of military branches. These types of troops can perform tasks independently or jointly.

Motorized Rifle Troops (MSV)- the most numerous branch of troops in the Ground Forces. They are also the most numerous branch of the military. Today, the motorized rifle troops are armed with armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, which should ensure the mobility of the infantry. MRFs are organizationally composed of motorized rifle subunits, units and formations.

Motorized rifle, tank, artillery and other units and units may be part of the MRF.

Tank troops (TV)- the main striking force, characterized by high mobility, maneuverability and resistance to weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear ones. The main tasks, based on the technical equipment of TV: achieving a breakthrough, developing operational success. The TV can include artillery, motorized rifle, missile, and tank units and subunits.

Missile Forces and Artillery (RF&A): nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy is the main task. It is armed with rocket and cannon artillery. The MFA includes units, units and formations of howitzer, rocket, cannon, anti-tank artillery, as well as structural elements of support, command and control, mortars and artillery reconnaissance.

Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces (Air Defense Forces)- this branch of the military must ensure protection of the Ground Forces from air strikes, as well as countering enemy aerial reconnaissance. Towed, mobile, man-portable anti-aircraft gun systems and anti-aircraft missile systems are in service with the Air Defense Forces.

Also organizational structure The Armed Forces presupposes the presence in the Armed Forces of special troops and services that perform highly specialized tasks in order to ensure the daily and combat activities of the ground forces.

Signal troops,
Electronic warfare troops,
Corps of Engineers,
Automobile troops,
Railway troops, etc.

are special troops.

Air Force

Air Force similarly, the Ground Forces consist of branches of aviation that ensure the implementation of the tasks assigned to the Air Force.

Long-Range Aviation designed to strike and defeat enemy military groups in the strategic and operational depths, their economically and strategically important areas, including with the help of nuclear weapons.

Frontline aviation operates at operational depth. It can perform tasks both independently and during joint operations on land and at sea.

Army aviation provides support to ground forces by destroying enemy armored and mobile targets. Also strength Army Aviation ensure the mobility of the Ground Forces.

Military transport aviation carries out the transportation of cargo, troops and equipment, and is also involved in military air operations. In peacetime, the main function is to ensure the vital activity of the Armed Forces, and in wartime, the mobility of the armed forces.

The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation assumes the presence of Air Force Special Aviation, Anti-aircraft missile forces And Radio technical troops, which significantly expand the range of tasks assigned to the Air Force.

Navy

Navy- the main force of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to protect the interests of Russia in the Exclusive Maritime (Economic) Zone, conduct search and rescue operations, as well as conduct combat operations at sea.

The Navy includes:

Submarine Forces,
Surface Forces,
Coastal troops,
Naval aviation,
parts and connections for special purposes.

The Navy is also organizationally divided into:

Baltic Fleet,
Black Sea Fleet,
Northern Fleet,
Pacific Fleet,
Caspian flotilla.

Independent branches of the military

Some tasks require special equipment and trained personnel. The structure of the Armed Forces presupposes the presence of independent branches of the armed forces:

Airborne troops;
Strategic Missile Forces;
Aerospace Defense Forces.

Aerospace Defense Forces

The youngest branch of the military. Although our country began space exploration back in the 1960s, it was only in the 21st century that the Aerospace Defense Forces were separated into a separate branch of the military from the Strategic Missile Forces.

The most important tasks are:

detection of a missile strike;
control of a constellation of spacecraft;
missile defense of the Russian capital.

Strategic Missile Forces

Today they are the main ground component of Russia's nuclear forces. The main function is considered to be deterrence of possible aggression. But if necessary, they can deliver a preemptive strike on important economic and military targets of the enemy, as well as the destruction of his military groups.

Airborne troops

They were created back in the 1930s. Today, they are entrusted with the function of conducting landing operations and conducting combat operations behind enemy lines.

And they form the basis of troop groupings in strategic directions. They are intended to ensure and protect our country from external aggression on land, as well as to protect Russia within its international obligations to ensure collective security.

In terms of their combat capabilities, the Ground Forces are capable, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, of conducting an offensive in order to defeat the enemy group and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to great depths, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, and firmly hold occupied territories and areas and boundaries.

The ground forces organizationally consist of (Fig. 1) motorized rifle and tank troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, which are the branches of the military, as well as special troops (reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, radioactive warfare, technical support, security of the rear, units and organizations of the rear). The basis of their combat strength consists of motorized rifles, tank divisions and brigades (including mountain ones), brigades (regiments) of military branches and special troops, organizationally consolidated into the army and front-line (district) groupings of troops (forces).

Associations and formations of the Ground Forces are the main component of the military districts: Moscow (MVO), Leningrad (LenVO), North Caucasus (SKVO), Volga-Ural (PUrVO), Siberian (SibVO), Far Eastern (FE).

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their combat formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, and effective reconnaissance and control equipment.

Rice. 1. Structure of the Ground Forces

Tank troops- branch of the military and the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They are used primarily in the main directions to deliver powerful cutting blows to great depths against the enemy.

Possessing great stability and firepower, high mobility and maneuverability, tank forces are able to make full use of the results of nuclear and fire strikes and achieve the final results of a battle and operation in a short time.

Rocket Forces and Artillery- a branch of the Ground Forces, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction in front-line and army (corps) operations and in combined arms combat. Designed to destroy nuclear attack weapons, manpower, artillery, and other fire weapons and enemy targets.

Air defense troops- a branch of the Ground Forces designed to repel enemy air attacks and protect troop groups and rear facilities from air strikes.

The successful implementation by combined arms formations of the tasks facing them is ensured by special troops (engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, etc.) and services (weapons, logistics).

Special troops- military formations, institutions and organizations designed to support the combat activities of the Ground Forces and solve their special tasks.

In addition to small arms (Fig. 2-5), the Ground Forces are armed with tanks (T-90 - Fig. 6, T-80U, T-72, T-64, T-62, T-54/55), armored personnel carriers ( BTR-60/70/80 - Fig. 7), infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-1/2/3 - Fig. 8), combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicles (BRDM), howitzers (Fig. 9) and 122-caliber guns 203 mm, mortars of 82 caliber (Fig. 10), 120, 160 and 240 mm, multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS of 122, 140, 220, 240 and 300 mm caliber - Fig. 11), anti-tank weapons (anti-tank hand grenade launchers, anti-tank missile systems, guns), military air defense systems (anti-aircraft self-propelled units, anti-aircraft missile systems, man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems), Tochka-U operational-tactical missiles, Mi-8 helicopters (Fig. 12), Mi-24, Mi-26.

Rice. 2. Makarov pistol (PM): caliber - 9 mm; barrel length - 93 mm; magazine capacity - 8 rounds; weight with loaded magazine - 810 g; sighting range - 25 m; combat rate of fire - 30 rounds/min; initial bullet speed - 315 m/s

Rice. 3. Sniper rifle Dragunov (SVD): caliber 7.62 mm; length - 1220 mm: barrel length - 620 mm; initial bullet speed - 830 m/s; magazine capacity - 10 rounds; weight with loaded magazine - 4.51 kg; sighting range - 1300 m

Rice. 4. Kalashnikov assault rifle (LK-74M): caliber - 5.45 mm; magazine capacity - 30 rounds; weight without bayonet and cartridges - 2.71 kg; rate of fire - 600 rounds/min; sighting range - 1000 m

Rice. 5. Machine gun NSV-127 “Kord”: caliber - 12.7 mm; weight - 25 kg; belt capacity - 50 rounds; combat rate of fire 650-750 rounds/min; initial bullet speed - 820-860 m/s; sighting range - 2000 m

Rice. 6. Tank T-90 “Black Eagle”: length - 9.5 m; height - 2.225 m; width - 3.78 m; weight - 48 t; power - 840 l. e.; maximum speed— 70 km/h; range - 550-650 km; armament - 125 mm smoothbore gun, 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun, 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, ATGM; ammunition - 43 shells, 300 rounds of 12.7 mm caliber, 2000 rounds of 7.62 mm caliber; crew - 3 people

Rice. 7. Armored personnel carrier BTR-80: combat weight - 13.6 g; length - 7.6 m; width - 2.9 m; height - 2.3 m; armament - 14.5 mm coaxial machine gun, 7.62 mm anti-aircraft machine gun; maximum speed on the highway (afloat) - 80 (9) km/h; Highway range - 600 km; engine power - 260 hp. e.; combat crew - 10 people (3 people - crew, 7 people - landing force)

Rice. 8. BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle: combat weight - 18.7 tons; length - 6.7 m; width - 3.3 m; height - 2.65 m; engine power - 500 hp. e.; maximum highway speed (afloat) - 70 (10) km/h; Highway range - 600 km; rate of fire - 300 rounds/min; firing range - 4000 m; armament - 100 mm cannon; ammunition - 40 ATGM rounds; combat crew - 10 people (3 people - crew, 7 people - landing force)

Rice. 9. Self-propelled howitzer"Acacia": caliber - 152 mm; combat weight - 27.5 tons; mass of high-explosive fragmentation projectile (cumulative) - 43.56 (27.4) kg; initial projectile speed - 655 m/s; armor penetration of a cumulative projectile - 250 mm; maximum firing range - 17400 m; rate of fire - 4 shots/min; ammunition - 46 rounds; engine power - 520 hp. e.; highway speed - 60 km/h; Power reserve - 500 km; crew (crew) - 6 (4) people

Rice. 10. Mortar 2B14-1 “Tray”: caliber - 82 mm; firing range - 4270 m; rate of fire - 24 rounds/min; calculation - 4 people; weight - 39 kg; ammunition - 120 rounds

Rice. 11. Jet system salvo fire "Smerch": caliber - 300 mm; number of guides - 12; projectile weight - 800 kg; firing range - 20-70 km; area affected by one salvo - 67.2 hectares; full salvo time - 40 s; power reserve - 900 km; calculation - 4 people

Rice. 12. Transport combat helicopter Mi-8: length - 18.22 m; height - 5.65 m; main propeller diameter - 21.29 m; maximum take-off weight - 12200 kg; cruising speed - 225 km/h; range - 465 km; ceiling - 4500 m; crew - 2-3 people; payload - 4000 kg in the cabin or 3000 kg on the suspension; armament - 7.62 mm or 12.7 mm machine gun; combat load - 1000 kg (PU, bombs or ATGM)

The time has come for both me and you to understand the concept of the Russian Armed Forces. What are the types and types of troops? What does the Russian Armed Forces consist of? And what subtleties exist in these concepts?

We'll talk about this in this article.Let's start, of course, with definitions of basic concepts: types and types of troops. Believe me, there will be a lot of interesting things here.

Types of the Armed Forces- formations in the armed forces of a particular state.

Ground forces.
Naval forces.
Air Force.

In general, everything is simple. The branches of the Armed Forces are divided into subtypes, depending on their environment - land, water or air. Okay, let's move on.

Branch of the Armed Forces- an integral part of the branch of the Armed Forces. They can also be separate (more on these later). Includes units and formations, associations that have weapons and military equipment unique to them, apply their own tactics, have their characteristic combat properties and are intended to perform tactical and operational-tactical tasks in combat and operations.

An interesting fact that will help us understand the difference between the branches of the Armed Forces and the branches of the military.

Previously, the “branch of the military” was called the “branch of the weapon.” In total there were 3 types of troops:
Infantry.
Cavalry.
Artillery.

Time passed. Science did not stand still. And now we can name a larger number of military branches, because now there are not just 3 “branches of weapons”, but dozens of them.

So. If we summarize all of the above, we can say that branches of troops are components of the branches of the Armed Forces. However, do not forget that there are also certain types of troops that are not subordinate to any branches of the Russian Armed Forces.

These are the Special Purpose Missile Forces (RVSN) and the Airborne Forces (Airborne Forces). We will analyze them at the end of the article.

I depicted all types and branches of the Russian Armed Forces in the form of a diagram. You remember that I love to visualize, right? I love and I can - different things, of course. In general, I got the following.

Now let's talk about each separately. What, why and when is it used. Let's go in order.

Ground forces

The Ground Forces are the largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in terms of combat strength. They are designed to defeat enemy troop groups, seize and hold enemy territories, regions and borders, and repel enemy invasions and large airborne assaults.

The ground forces include the following types of troops:

Motorized rifle troops - the most numerous branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their combat formations. Together with tank forces, they perform the following main tasks:

In defense - to hold occupied areas, lines and positions, repel enemy attacks and defeat his advancing groups;
in an offensive (counter-offensive) - to break through the enemy’s defenses, defeat groupings of his troops, capture important areas, lines and objects, cross water barriers, pursue the retreating enemy;
conduct oncoming battles and battles, operate as part of naval and tactical airborne assault forces.

Motorized rifle troops

The basis of motorized rifle troops are motorized rifle brigades, which have high combat independence, versatility and firepower. They are capable of conducting combat operations in conditions of the use of both conventional means of armed warfare and weapons of mass destruction in various physical, geographical and climatic conditions, day and night.

- branch of the military and the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They are used primarily in conjunction with motorized rifle troops in the main directions and perform the following main tasks:

In defense - in direct support of motorized rifle troops in repelling enemy attacks and launching counterattacks and counterstrikes;

In the offensive - to deliver powerful cutting strikes to great depths, develop success, defeat the enemy in oncoming battles and battles.

The basis of the tank forces are tank brigades and tank battalions of motorized rifle brigades, which have great resistance to the damaging effects of nuclear weapons, firepower, high mobility and maneuverability. They are able to make fullest use of the results of fire (nuclear) destruction of the enemy and in a short time achieve the final goals of the battle and operation.

(RV and A) - a branch of the Ground Forces, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy during combined arms operations (combat operations). They are designed to perform the following main tasks:

gaining and maintaining fire superiority over the enemy;
defeat of its nuclear attack means, manpower, weapons, military and special equipment;
disorganization of systems for command and control of troops and weapons, reconnaissance and electronic warfare;
and others...

Organizationally, RV and A consist of missile, rocket, artillery brigades, including mixed, high-power artillery divisions, rocket artillery regiments, individual reconnaissance divisions, as well as artillery of combined arms brigades and military bases.

(air defense SV) - a branch of the Ground Forces, designed to cover troops and objects from the actions of enemy air attacks when combined arms formations and formations conduct operations (combat operations), perform regroupings (march) and are positioned on the spot. They are responsible for the following main tasks:

carrying out combat duty in air defense;
conducting reconnaissance of enemy air and alerting covered troops;
destruction of enemy air attack weapons in flight;
participation in the conduct of missile defense in theaters of military operations.

Organizationally, the Air Defense Forces of the Army consist of military command and control bodies, air defense command posts, anti-aircraft missile (missile and artillery) and radio technical formations, military units and subunits. They are capable of destroying enemy air attack weapons in the entire range of altitudes (extremely low - up to 200 m, low - from 200 to 1000 m, medium - from 1000 to 4000 m, high - from 4000 to 12000 m and in the stratosphere - more than 12000 m) and flight speeds.

Intelligence units and military units belong to the special troops of the Ground Forces and are designed to perform a wide range of tasks in order to provide commanders (commanders) and headquarters with information about the enemy, the state of the terrain and weather in order to make the most rational decisions for an operation (battle) and prevent surprise in enemy actions.

In the interests of the Ground Forces, reconnaissance is carried out by regular reconnaissance units of combined arms formations (motorized rifle and tank brigades), special purpose formations and units, radio and radio-technical reconnaissance of army and district sets, as well as reconnaissance units and units of military branches and special forces of the Ground Forces.

In preparation for and during the conduct of combined arms operations (combat operations), they perform the following main tasks:

revealing the enemy's plan, his immediate preparation for aggression and preventing the surprise of an attack;
identification of the combat strength, position, grouping, condition and capabilities of the enemy troops (forces) and its command and control system;
opening objects (targets) for destruction and determining their location (coordinates);
and others...

– special troops designed to perform the most difficult tasks engineering support combined arms operations (combat actions) requiring special training personnel and the use of engineering weapons, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy through the use of engineering ammunition.

Organizationally, engineering troops consist of formations, units and subunits for various purposes: engineering and reconnaissance, engineering and sapper, barriers, obstacles, assault, road engineering, pontoon-bridge (pontoon), ferry landing, engineering and camouflage, engineering and technical, field water supply and others.

When preparing and conducting combined arms operations (combat operations), engineering troops perform the following main tasks:

engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and objects;
construction (arrangement) of fortifications (trenches, trenches and communication passages, shelters, dugouts, shelters, etc.) and arrangement of field structures for the deployment of troops (residential, economic, medical);
installation of engineering barriers, including the installation of minefields, blasting operations, installation of non-explosive barriers (anti-tank ditches, scarps, counter-scarps, gouges, etc.);
demining of terrain and objects;
preparation and maintenance of troop movement routes;
equipment and maintenance of crossings on water barriers, including the construction of bridges;
extraction and purification of water in the field and others.

In addition, they participate in countering enemy reconnaissance and weapons guidance systems (camouflage), simulating troops and objects, providing disinformation and demonstrative actions to deceive the enemy, as well as in eliminating the consequences of the enemy’s use of weapons of mass destruction.

Radiation, chemical and biological defense troops (RKhBZ) - special troops designed to carry out a set of the most complex measures aimed at reducing losses of formations and formations of the Ground Forces and ensuring the fulfillment of their combat missions when operating in conditions of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, as well as increasing their survivability and protection from precision and other types of weapons.

The basis of the RCBZ troops are multifunctional separate RCBZ brigades, which include units capable of carrying out the entire range of RCB protection measures.

The main tasks of the RCBZ troops include:

identification and assessment of the radiation, chemical and biological situation, the scale and consequences of destruction of radiation, chemical and biologically hazardous objects;
ensuring protection of connections and parts from damaging factors weapons of mass destruction and radiation, chemical, biological contamination;
reducing the visibility of troops and objects;
liquidation of consequences of accidents (destructions) at radiation, chemically and biologically hazardous facilities;
inflicting losses on the enemy using flamethrower and incendiary weapons.

– special troops designed to deploy a communications system and provide command and control of formations, formations and units of the Ground Forces in peacetime and wartime. They are also tasked with operating systems and automation equipment at control points.

Signal troops include nodal and linear formations and units, units and units of technical support for communications and automated systems management, communications security services, courier and postal services and others.

Modern communications troops are equipped with mobile, highly reliable radio relay, tropospheric, space stations, high-frequency telephony equipment, voice-frequency telegraphy, television and photographic equipment, switching equipment and special message classification equipment.

Aerospace Forces

Aerospace Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (VKS RF Armed Forces) - view The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which began to carry out its tasks on August 1, 2015 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin.

The Aerospace Forces of the Russian Armed Forces are a new branch of the Armed Forces, formed as a result of the merger of the Air Force (Air Force) and the Aerospace Defense Forces (VVKO) of the Russian Federation.

The general leadership of the aerospace defense of Russia is carried out by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and the direct leadership is carried out by the Main Command of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Aerospace Forces of the Russian Armed Forces include:

The Russian Federation (Russian Air Force) is a branch of the forces within the Aerospace Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces).

The Russian Air Force is intended for:

repelling aggression in the air sphere and protecting command posts of the highest echelons of state and military administration, administrative and political centers, industrial and economic regions, the most important economic and infrastructure facilities of the country and troop groups from air strikes;
defeating enemy targets and troops using both conventional and nuclear weapons;
aviation support for combat operations of troops of other types and branches of troops.

solve a wide range of problems, the main of which are:
monitoring space objects and identifying threats to Russia in space and from space, and, if necessary, countering such threats;
launching spacecraft into orbit, controlling military and dual-purpose (military and civil) satellite systems in flight and using individual of them in the interests of providing the troops (forces) of the Russian Federation with the necessary information;
maintaining the established composition and readiness for use of military and dual-use satellite systems, means of launching and controlling them, and a number of other tasks.

Let's move on to consider the final type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Navy

The Navy (Navy) is view Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces). It is intended for the armed protection of Russian interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war.

The Navy is capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting the Ground Forces in operations in continental theaters of war, landing amphibious assault forces, and participating in repelling landing forces. enemy and perform other tasks.

The Navy includes:

are the main ones for ensuring the exit and deployment of submarines to combat areas and returning to bases, transporting and covering landing forces. They are assigned the main role in laying minefields, combating mine danger and protecting their communications.

- a branch of the Navy, including nuclear-powered strategic missile submarines, nuclear attack submarines and diesel-electric (non-nuclear) submarines.

The main tasks of the submarine force are:

defeating important enemy ground targets;
search and destruction of enemy submarines, aircraft carriers and other surface ships, its landing forces, convoys, single transports (ships) at sea;
reconnaissance, ensuring the guidance of their strike forces and issuing target designations to them;
destruction of offshore oil and gas complexes, landing of special-purpose reconnaissance groups (detachments) on the enemy coast;
laying mines and others.

Organizationally, submarine forces consist of separate formations that are subordinate to the commanders of submarine formations and the commanders of formations of heterogeneous fleet forces.

- branch of the Navy forces intended for:

search and destruction of combat forces of the enemy fleet, landing detachments, convoys and single ships (vessels) at sea and at bases;
covering groupings of ships and naval facilities from enemy air strikes;
destruction of airplanes, helicopters and cruise missiles;
conducting aerial reconnaissance;
targeting enemy naval forces with their strike forces and issuing target designations to them.

Also involved in mine laying, mine countermeasures, electronic warfare (EW), air transport and landing, search and rescue operations at sea.

The basis of naval aviation consists of aircraft (helicopters) for various purposes. Performs assigned tasks independently and in cooperation with other branches of the fleet, as well as with formations (units) of other branches of the Armed Forces.

(BV) - a branch of the forces of the Navy, designed to cover the forces of fleets, troops, population and objects on the sea coast from the influence of enemy surface ships; defense of naval bases and other important fleet facilities from land, including from sea and airborne assaults; landings and actions in sea, air and sea landings; assistance to ground forces in anti-landing defense of landing-hazardous areas sea coast; destruction of surface ships, boats and landing vehicles within the reach of weapons.

Coastal troops include 2 types of troops: coastal missile and artillery troops and marine infantry.

Each branch of the military solves certain target tasks independently and in cooperation with other branches of the military forces and naval forces, as well as with formations and units of other branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the military.

The main organizational units of the military units are brigades and battalions (divisions).

BVs are equipped primarily with weapons and equipment of the combined arms type. They are armed with coastal missile systems (CBM) of anti-ship guided missiles, stationary and mobile artillery installations designed to destroy sea and ground targets, special (marine) reconnaissance equipment, etc.

Certain types of troops

(RVSN) is a separate branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a ground component of the strategic nuclear forces. Troops constant combat readiness(We’ll talk about what this actually means in another article on my blog).

The Strategic Missile Forces are designed for nuclear deterrence of possible aggression and destruction as part of strategic nuclear forces or by independent massive or group nuclear missile strikes of strategic targets located in one or several strategic directions and forming the basis of the enemy’s military and military-economic potentials.

The main armament of the Strategic Missile Forces consists of all Russian ground-based mobile and silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads.

(VDV) - a branch of the Armed Forces, which is a reserve of the Supreme High Command and is intended to cover the enemy by air and carry out tasks in his rear to disrupt command and control, capture and destroy ground elements precision weapons, disruption of the advance and deployment of reserves, disruption of the rear and communications, as well as covering (defense) of individual directions, areas, open flanks, blocking and destroying landed airborne troops, broken through enemy groups and performing other tasks.

In peacetime, the Airborne Forces perform the main tasks of maintaining combat and mobilization readiness at a level that ensures their successful use for their intended purpose.

To be honest, it was only after reading these materials that I understood why the Strategic Missile Forces and Airborne Forces were separated into separate branches of the military. Just look at the quantity and quality of the tasks they perform every day! Both genera are truly unique and universal. However, like everyone else.

Let's summarize the analysis of these fundamental concepts for any citizen of our country.

Resume

There is the concept of “branch of the Armed Forces”, and there is the concept of “branch of the armed forces”. These are completely different concepts.
A branch of the armed forces is a component of the branch of the Armed Forces. But there are also 2 separate types of troops - the Strategic Missile Forces and the Airborne Forces.
Each branch of the military has its own tasks in peacetime and wartime.

The main result for me. I figured out this whole structure. Especially after I drew my diagram. I hope she is correct. Let me throw it here one more time so that we can remember it well together.

Bottom line

Friends, I sincerely hope that you were able to, together with me, if not completely, then partially understand the concepts of “types and types of troops” - components Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

I would like to note that despite the fact that I was able to understand many of the nuances in this topic, I have not yet been able to understand which branch of the military I belong to.

We'll have to talk to the officers! I promise to post this information on

Russian Ground Forces: structure and strength

Military-industrial complex

Rocket Forces and Artillery

Video about the Russian Ground Forces

Command

Supreme Commander

Ministry of Defense

General Staff

Story

Armed forces in the 1990s

Armed forces in the 2000s

Armed forces after the Five Day War

Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Types of armed forces

Ground forces

Air Force

Navy

Independent branches of the military

Aerospace Defense Forces

Strategic Missile Forces

Airborne troops

Weapons and military equipment

Nuclear weapons

Financing and provision

Military service

Acquisition

Number of members

Monetary allowance

Military exercises

Meals for military personnel

The role of the armed forces in politics and society

Russian military installations abroad

Currently operating

Planned to open

Closed

Problems

Corruption

Problems of implementing freedom of conscience

Structure of the RF Armed Forces

Territorial structure

Types of aircraft

Air Force

Navy

Independent branches of the military

Aerospace Defense Forces

Strategic Missile Forces

Airborne troops

Ground forces

Aerospace Forces

Navy

Certain types of troops

Resume

Bottom line

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