Presentation on the theme of the African belt. Personally oriented lesson-presentation "African climate"

Individual regions are determined by the amount of precipitation and the duration of the rainy season. Vast areas lack moisture. Africa is characterized by the transport of tropical air by trade winds. High banks make it difficult for wet winds to enter. The western shores in tropical latitudes are washed by cold currents. In Africa there are seven: equatorial, two subequatorial, two tropical and two subtropical.

Most of the continent lies in hot thermal zone. Between two tropics midday sun It is always high above and twice a year it is at its zenith. Even in winter average monthly temperatures do not fall below +18…+20 °С. The Sahara receives the most light and heat. Summer temperatures here are more than +30 °C. In the Tripoli area, the absolute maximum temperature on Earth was +58 °C. Africa is the hottest continent.

Equatorial belt covers a significant part of the basin and the coast of the Gulf of Guinea: extends to 7-8° N. w. and 5° S. w. Due to the intense warming of the land surface in the Congo, rainfall occurs throughout the year (Figure 50-1). The wettest place in Africa is located at the foot of the city - 9655 mm per year. In precipitation mode
There are two maxima associated with the highest position of the Sun.

Quantity atmospheric precipitation exceeds evaporation by 1.5-2 times. Average precipitation is about 2000 mm. High temperatures +26…+28 °C and above ensure continuous growth of plants. For equatorial climate One season is typical - summer with daily heavy (zenithal) rains in the afternoon.

On east coast is being formed tropical humid climate With maximum number atmospheric precipitation in summer.

Subtropical zone covers the extreme north and south of Africa. On the coast Mediterranean Sea and on the southwestern edge of the continent a subtropical climate is formed with dry, hot summers (+28 °C) and warm, wet winters (+12 °C, precipitation up to 1000 mm) (Fig. 50-4). Subtropical humid climate South-East Africa is characterized by an even distribution of precipitation throughout the year. In winter, they are associated with the westerly transfer of air masses, and in summer, winds blow from . Atmospheric precipitation are 1500 mm. In summer, a significant amount of moisture remains on the slopes of the Drakensberg Mountains, in winter - on the western slopes of the Cape Mountains. Subtropical continental climate characteristic of the deserts of the Cape Mountains and Karoo.

Widespread use of heat reserves for maintaining agriculture hampered by lack of precipitation and frequent rainfall. With precipitation of 600-800 mm, crops are unstable, and with less than that, farming is impossible without it. In deserts you can only practice in oases. Vast territories are occupied by unsuitable for human life and impassable equatorial forests. Low fertility of many soil types and dangerous tropical diseases hinder agricultural development in Africa.

Africa is located in the equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, and subtropical climate zones. The climate of Africa is determined by its geographical location, trade winds, ocean currents, relief features. Sufficient heat allows the cultivation of tropical and subtropical crops.

Geography 7th grade

Lesson topic:African climate.

Goals:

1. Introduce students to the climatic zones of Africa - basic and transitional, their features and characteristics. Name and show territories with a certain type climate, characteristic types weather on the mainland; determine temperature and precipitation using a climate map; explain the reasons for the formation of climate types on the continent.

2.Develop cognitive interest and geographical thinking, the ability to classify objects, identify cause-and-effect relationships.

3. To cultivate the geographical culture of schoolchildren, the aesthetic perception of geographical objects.

Lesson type: lesson explaining new material, lesson - workshop

Forms of organization educational activities : frontal, individual, steam room

Teaching methods: visual-illustrative, explanatory-illustrative, reproductive, partially search.

Equipment: multimedia projector, climate map of Africa, geography atlas (7th grade), handout, reference material, tests to check knowledge acquisition on the topic of the lesson

Lesson progress:

I. Checking homework.

Conduct a survey on questions. The whole class is working.

Questions:

1) Name and show the dominant landforms of Africa.

2) What are the features of the African topography?

3) Where in Africa are the mountains of new folding located?

4) On the board:

East African plateau.

Ahaggar Highlands.

Libyan desert. a) Shields.

Basin of the Congo River. b) Plates. The file will be here:/data/edu/files/l1452063080.pptx (Presentation) Darfur Plateau.

Basin of Lake Chad.

Kalahari Desert.

5) Why is the highest point of Africa - the Kilimanjaro volcano - located within a platform, and not a folded area, as on other continents?

6) Why are there few folded mountains in Africa?

7) How does the relief of Northern and Western, as well as Southern and Eastern Africa differ?

8) Name and show mineral deposits.

9) Determine the dependence of minerals on relief.

10) How can the relief of Africa be divided according to its development?

11) Show the boundaries of the faults.

P. Studying new material.

The teacher asks students to talk about the reasons that influence climate. First reason- This latitude of the place. The map shows that the equator passes through the middle, therefore the Sun all year round is located high above the head. From tropic to tropic, the Sun is at its zenith. The teacher and students make rice. 1. Another reason- surrounding oceans with warm and cold currents(marked on the schematic map). The climate is influenced by the underlying surface and the proximity of the Eurasian continent, especially the desert Arabian Peninsula. The teacher marks the direction of the trade winds on the outline of Africa. They blow from latitudes of 20-30° in both hemispheres towards the equator, gradually turning west. Students conclude that trade winds in North Africa dry and hot. In southern Africa, the trade winds become saturated with moisture as they pass over the Indian Ocean and carry more moisture. In the hot zone there is one season: always summer. In the northern and southern parts of Africa at the same latitudes it falls different quantities precipitation. This is explained by the size of the territory. In the north, most of the continent heats up more, the south is smaller in area and surrounded by water.

Using atlases, students determine and sign the amount of precipitation, record the maximum summer and winter temperatures.

In a subequatorial climate there are two seasons- dry and hot summers and slightly cooler winters. There may be no precipitation in the Sahara for several years. To the north and south of the tropics the climate is temperate, close to Mediterranean.

Next, the teacher asks a quick-witted question. In the north, the Sahara Desert and in the south, the Kalahari Desert are located at the same distance from the equator. Why do these areas have different summer and winter temperatures? Students should connect this with the size of the Sahara, with sea currents and trade winds Northern Hemisphere passing through Arabia. Another question: “Does the altitude of the area above sea level affect the climate?” For example, there is snow on Mount Kilimanjaro at an altitude of almost 6000 m, and on the Cameroon volcano there is a record amount of precipitation for Africa - 9000 mm (since the Earth's climate has recently been studied, many questions for students will not be difficult). One more question for your wits. The Namib Desert lies near the ocean, but it is very dry there (100 mm falls per year). Students must connect this with the cold current, which carries moisture, there is no precipitation, and only sometimes strong fogs.

Conclusion: On both sides of the equator the climate is similar, but not the same.

III. Workshop lesson. To do this, you need to divide the class into three groups. The group selects a mentor who should guide and manage the work of the group, and will also give a report on the results of the work.

1. Introductory conversation.

Almost all of Africa is located at low latitudes. Most of the continent lies between the two tropics. Twice a year the Sun in these areas is at its zenith at noon, and its lowest midday position is approximately the same as in Moscow on the day summer solstice. In winter, even in the “coolest” extreme southern and northern regions Average monthly temperatures on the plains do not fall below 8 °C.

Africa's climate holds a grim record associated with "celestial electricity." In Zimbabwe during wet season More than a hundred residents die from lightning strikes.

2. Working with the map " Climate map Africa" ​​or rice. 54 textbooks.

Name the climatic zones of Africa.

Which ones are basic and which ones are transitional?

Name the climatic zones that occupy the most large areas and the smallest areas.

Determine the hottest and wettest, coldest and driest parts of the continent. Explain their placement.

Indicate the change in temperature due to the change in: a) geographical latitude, b) relief, c) ocean currents.

The height of the sun above the horizon and the seasons in Africa(Fig. 2).

The equator crosses Africa almost in the middle. Therefore, when it is summer north of the equator, it is winter south of it. Africa is the hottest continent on the globe.

Questions. 1. What are the coldest months in Northern and South Africa? 2. Between what latitudes is the sun at its zenith in Africa? 3. When in Africa is the sun at its zenith at the equator, in the Northern Tropic, in the Southern Tropic?

Trade winds, the influence of ocean currents and topography on the climate of Africa(Fig. 3).

In northern Africa, the trade winds pass over land and carry dry tropical air, while in South Africa the trade winds blow from Indian Ocean- this air is humid.

Cold ocean currents off the northwestern and southwestern coasts of Africa lower the temperature in the coastal parts of the continent and increase its dryness, and warm currents on the southeastern coasts, on the contrary, they contribute to the saturation of the air with moisture, the formation of precipitation and an increase in temperature in winter months.

Questions. 1. Why does warm air rise upward above the equator, and in areas high pressure does the air go down? 2. Trade winds in the northern and southern hemispheres blow in different directions. Why? 3. What is the relationship between the amount of precipitation and distribution atmospheric pressure? 4. Why do the high and low pressure belts shift?

Climate zones of Africa(Fig. 4).

The sketch map is drawn on a wall outline map or on a chalkboard. Students follow the teacher to complete the outline map on their contour maps.

Questions. What climate zones in Africa are they typical for? following features and why: a) the sun is always at its zenith; b) the most precipitation falls; c) low clouds and downward air currents; d) winter is wet, summer is dry; d) winter is dry, summer is wet?

3. Workshop.

Each group completes its task. To make their work easier, students fill out a table when characterizing their climate zone. 1st group - equatorial, 2nd group - subequatorial, 3rd group - tropical.

Table “Climatic zones of Africa”:

4. Student messages.

One person from the group (mentor) gives a description of his climate zone. After his speech, the remaining members of the group, or one, supplement the description with a figurative description of the weather, interesting facts and examples prepared in advance at home. (Each group performs for 5 minutes.)

5. Analysis of climatograms.

In the north - on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and the southwestern tip of Africa, it formed subtropical climate with dry hot summers and warm wet winters.

Exercise. Analyze climatograms. What can be concluded?

III. Lesson summary.(Appendix 1)

1. Giving marks for work on the workshop.

2. Establishing compliance:

Repetition of new concepts.

3. Questions:

1. If a desert is colder in July than in January, is it the Sahara or Kalahari desert?

2. Name the areas where less than 100 mm of precipitation falls per year. (Somalia Peninsula.) Why?

Homework:§ 26; task in a contour map: indicate the boundaries of the zones, the hottest and wettest, the coldest and driest parts of the continent;

1. Name the reasons that influence precipitation in Africa. 2. What are the main types of air masses formed in Africa? 3. What effect do they have on its climate? What is the role of trade winds in the distribution of precipitation? 4. Explain why there is little precipitation in the Sahara, but a lot in the Congo Basin. Why does the Ethiopian Highlands receive more rainfall than the Somali Peninsula?

Additional materials for teachers:

Dependence of temperatures on geographic latitude. Africa is the hottest continent on Earth, since most of it is located between the tropics, where the Sun stands high above the horizon throughout the year, and twice a year it is at its zenith at any point. In Africa there are no cold winters that we are used to. Even on the northern and southern edges of the continent, extending into the sub tropical zones, average temperature during the winter months (January, July) it does not fall below + 10, + 12°C. In the Congo Basin and on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, the temperature stays around +25°C throughout the year. Temperatures vary noticeably from season to season in tropical and even more so in subtropical zones. A cold highland climate prevails on the peaks of Kilimanjaro, Kenya, etc.

Since the equator crosses Africa almost in the middle, when it is summer north of the equator, it is winter south of it, and, conversely, during winter in the northern hemisphere, it is summer in the southern hemisphere.

The influence of atmospheric circulation on precipitation. Precipitation across Africa is distributed very unevenly. On average, from 1000 to 2000 mm falls per year near the equator, in some places even more, and in a large part of the Sahara - less than 50 mm, and rain is a rare occurrence there. There are areas where rainy and dry periods alternate.

What explains this uneven rainfall?

The distribution of precipitation, as you already know, is influenced by temperatures, atmospheric pressure belts and prevailing winds.

The equatorial part of Africa receives a lot of rainfall, as it is dominated by upward movement air. Particularly strong upward air movement causes here, as in the equatorial region of the whole globe, the convergence of air currents - the northern and southern hemispheres. Almost the entire northern and southern parts lie in high-pressure zones, so there is little precipitation there. On the territory of Africa, two types of main air masses are formed: equatorial and tropical; only in the far north and in the very south do moderate air masses dominate during the winter half of the year. They are brought by the western winds.

The role of trade winds in the distribution of precipitation. In most of Africa, the prevailing winds are trade winds. Since there is a huge landmass to the north and northeast of Africa (Eurasia), and southern part lies between the oceans, then the effect of trade winds in different hemispheres of the continent is different. In the northern part of the continent, trade winds pass over land and carry dry tropical air, which, when moving towards the equator, heats up even more, becomes drier and does not produce precipitation. Therefore, in areas affected by trade winds in North Africa, almost no rain falls.

In South Africa, trade winds blow from the Indian Ocean and therefore carry more humid air than the trade winds blowing over land. But since there are still downward air currents in this belt, the weather is usually clear without rain, but less dry than in the northern part of the mainland. When the southeast trade winds meet the mountains of Madagascar and the Drakensberg Mountains, heavy rain falls on their eastern slopes. This is explained by the fact that the air, rising along the slopes of the mountains, cools and becomes saturated. From east to west, rainfall in South Africa decreases (see map).

The role of ocean currents in the distribution of temperatures and precipitation. Cold currents Atlantic Ocean, passing off the northwestern and southwestern coasts of Africa, lower the air temperature in the coastal part of the continent. In addition, they increase the dryness of the climate: they cool the lower layers of air in the coastal part, and cold air, as is known, becomes heavier, denser, cannot rise, form clouds and give precipitation. This leads to the fact that on the western coast of Africa, where cold currents pass, there is almost no rain. Here, a lot of moisture evaporates from the surface of the ocean. Therefore, when the temperature drops, a thick fog forms and heavy dew falls - almost the only source of moisture.

Warm currents off the coast of Southeast Africa, on the contrary, increase the air temperature in the winter months, contribute to the saturation of the air with moisture and the formation of precipitation.

The influence of relief on the climate of Africa. The climate of Africa is greatly influenced by its topography. The high mountain peaks, even near the equator, are covered with eternal snow. There is a lot of rainfall in the mountains of Madagascar, the Ethiopian Highlands and other places. The amount of precipitation on the southwestern slopes of Mount Cameroon reaches almost 10,000 mm per year (the wettest place in Africa). Moisture is brought by southwestern winds from the Atlantic Ocean.

Thus, the formation of the climate of Africa, like any territory of the globe, is influenced by the following reasons: geographic latitude, atmospheric circulation, proximity of oceans and seas, ocean currents, relief.

Fig.1. Reasons influencing the climate of Africa.

Fig.2. The height of the sun above the horizon and the seasons in Africa.

Fig.3. Trade winds, the influence of ocean currents and topography on the climate of Africa.

Savannah- alternating areas of xerophytic forest (acacia, tamarisk, euphorbia), alternating with open grassy areas.

In the distance is the Kilimanjaro volcanic massif with the Kibo peak (5895 m).

The shores of Lake Manyara and rain-forest on the slopes of the Great African Rift.

Great Rift Valley. Tanzania, national park Manyara, East African Highlands. Savannah dominated by baobabs and acacias. Tanzania, Tarangire National Park.

Shrub vegetation ( wet savanna) and the remains of evergreen mountain forests on the slopes of the Ngorongoro caldera (an ancient volcanic crater). Tanzania, East African Highlands. Sandy beach on a tropical island. Coast of the Indian Ocean, Zanzibar Island, Tanzania. Coconut palms (Cocosnucifera) on the sandy beach of a tropical island. The shore of the Indian Ocean. Tanzania, Zanzibar island.

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Lesson specifics: combined. Learning new things and applying knowledge creatively.

Workshop lesson: provides training in ways to solve educational problems, demonstrates the technique of solving or performing educational tasks using the algorithm of standard and creative thinking.

Equipment: multimedia projector, geography atlas (7th grade), handouts, reference material.

Objectives: describe the climate of Africa, based on theoretical knowledge and relying on cartographic skills: establish the relationship between climate-forming factors, climatic regions and different types of climate. Determine the main indicators of African climate zones.

To develop students’ initiative, the ability to listen and hear, a culture of communication, to think and act adequately in a situation of choice.

Goal setting.

Africa is beautiful! We know the geographical location, the relief of the continent.

But we find it difficult to answer:

Is Africa really the hottest continent on Earth? Why does it rain every day in Africa at the equator? Why is there a huge desert in the north of the continent? What do you need to know to answer these questions?

• Where to start studying the climate of the continent?
• In what order will we study the climate of Africa?
• What maps should be used to describe the climate of the continent?

We discuss the issues of the topic being studied and write them down in the first column of the topic study sheet. Guys can change in pairs if necessary. The topic study sheet remains on the desk. We agree in advance.

Updating knowledge. They think about the idea of ​​a future statement (a series of logical operations from the general to the specific).

We develop criteria by which we evaluate the story, write them down on the board: completeness of content, accuracy, integrity of the story, coherence, etc. We make entries in columns 1 and 2.

New knowledge.

After viewing the slides, work continues with the table. Discussion of compiled stories, according to criteria. Speeches – work report.

On the board is a list of types of assistant. There are cards on the table. You choose the type of “assistant” yourself. If you wish, you can not use the “assistant”.

Assistant in studying the topic.

1. Instructions for reading the paragraph: read the paragraph, look at the pictures, divide the text into semantic blocks, highlight in each block main idea, keywords, compare with the content of the second column, fill in the third column, adding new knowledge to your story about the climate of Africa.
2. Make up questions for each paragraph in the paragraph.
3. Complete the story using other sources of information (encyclopedias, magazines, reference books on the table).
4. Look at the slides again.
5. Make graphic drawings reflecting the climate of Africa. Drawings must have a brief annotation.
6. Create an outline map for the topic. The outline map must have symbols.
7. Make a graphic diagram in the third column of the table. The scheme should be understandable to everyone.
8. Create a signal card: characteristics of the climate zone.
9. Fill out the table.

Discussion on issues (for understanding).

Fixing material of choice. Performing educational tasks using the algorithm of standard and creative thinking. Working with cards. Each card comes with detailed instructions.

1. Describe the climate of Africa using as many verbs as possible.

2. Compose a syncwine on the topic. Design it.

3. Determine the climate zone of Africa by answering these questions:

In which climate zone of Africa do the deepest rivers flow?

In this climate zone you can hear the cracking of stones and the “samum” winds blow here.

In this belt of Africa, trees shed their leaves for the winter.

This climate zone has low atmospheric pressure and large number precipitation falling evenly throughout the year.

The territory of this belt is located in the tropics. There is little precipitation. very hot during the daytime.

In this zone, winters are dry and summers are wet. Precipitation occurs in summer.

In what climate zone is the Mediterranean coast located?

Answers: Tropical climate zone.

Equatorial climate zone.

Tropical climate zone.

Subequatorial climate zone.

Subtropical climate zone.

4. Prove that Africa is the hottest continent on Earth!

(It receives more solar heat and light than any other continent.

The sun stands high above the horizon throughout the year, between the tropics, and is at its zenith at any point twice a year. There are no cold climatic zones on the mainland)

Homework. Contour map task: indicate the boundaries of climatic zones and regions. Answer the question: which of the African climate zones is most favorable for animal and human life and why? Handouts can be taken home.

Navigation through presentation slides.

Lesson "Climate of Africa" ​​7th grade Target: To form an idea of ​​the climate characteristics of Africa. Tasks: 1. Study the location of climatic zones on the mainland;2.Study examples of the influence of sea currents, relief and prevailing winds on the formation of the climate of individual parts of the continent.Develop cognitive interest and geographical thinking, the ability to classify objects, identify cause-and-effect relationships, and draw up a map.To cultivate the geographical culture of schoolchildren and the aesthetic perception of geographical objects.Lesson type: combinedForms of organizing educational activities: frontal, individual, steam roomTeaching methods: visual-illustrative, explanatory-illustrative, reproductive, partially search.Technologies: elements of developmental learning technology (problem-based learning, solving developmental problems)Equipment: map of Africa, geography atlas, contour maps(7th grade), handouts (contours of Africa for testing knowledge on the topic "Relief of Africa, minerals", reference material (geography textbooks 7th grade by Dushina I.V., Korinskaya V.A., Shcheneva V.A., geography textbooks 7th grade Dushina I.V., Smoktunovich T.L.).

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON 1) Updating knowledge on the topic "Relief of Africa, minerals" a) greeting;b) Testing knowledge of the nomenclature on the topic on c/c, knowledge of the patterns of deposit placement : mutual verification (Appendix 1) 2) Formulating the goals and objectives of the lesson What have we already learned about Africa? (geographical location, continental explorers, relief, minerals) What component of Africa’s nature, after relief, is important to study? (climate)Write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook. D/Z p.98-99, entries What should we learn about the climate of Africa? (climate zones, air masses, temperature, precipitation, etc.)The student and the teacher formulate the goals and objectives of the lesson3). 1. Creation problematic situation. Teacher reading a poem by N.S. Gumileva: Witchcraft country! You're at the bottom of the basin You are suffocating, fire is pouring from above, A hawk's cry echoes above you, But in the shine will you notice the hawk? 2. Dialogue motivating a problematic situation. - What feature of the African climate does the poet note in his poem? The author of the poems mentions what kind of fire pouring from heaven. (Africa is the hottest continent on Earth).-Let's prove that Africa is the hottest continent? What factors influenced the climate of this continent?3.Finding a solution 1. - Let’s remember the climate-forming factors. (Students name the factors) Geographic latitude. Almost all of Africa is located at low latitudes. Most of the continent lies between the 2 tropics. Twice a year the sun in these areas is at its zenith. The sun's rays fall vertically.Let's determine what climate zones are there in Africa? Which map should you open? (“Climatic zones and regions of the world”).Equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical. Let's plot the boundaries of these zones on a contour map. )(Appendix 2) 2.Next we will give you a description essential features or climatic features belts. (Appendix 3)Let's fill out our outline together and give a description equatorial belt. First, let's see where and what information we can get. Let's get acquainted with the map "Climate of Africa" ​​(Students give a generalized description of the zone using the atlas map "Climate of Africa", "Climate zones and regions of the world", the text of the textbook, geography textbooks grade 7 Dushina, Korinskaya, Shcheneva. p. 117?We begin the description with the text of the textbook. We identify Why is the weather and climate the same every day?(angle of inclination sun rays, pressure area) We record the pressure areas on the map for all belts. We record the air masses in each zone.We plot the remaining climate components on the map from the climate map.3.Using the model yourself, you give characteristics to the rest of the climatic zones of Africa. 1. Subequatorial (p. 118-119), 2nd column - tropical (p. 119), 3rd column - subtropical (p. 120 2nd paragraph from the bottom). Time to complete the task is 7 minutes.Listening to the generalized characteristics of the belts. 1. Subequatorial. Conclusion: climate zones change moving away from the equator. 2.Tropical. The southern tropical zone differs in rainfall from the northern tropical zone. Why? (Student answers: smaller size, influence of the cold Benguela Current (Namib Desert, windward slopes of the Drakensberg Mountains and trade winds).3. Subtropical zone. Students conclude: the most favorable for people’s lives 2 people perform an advanced task. Analysis of climatograms on page 99(page 279) . (Appendix 4) d/z Why is the Somali half one of the driest areas in Africa?

Applications. Appendix 1.

Checking homework. 1)Checking knowledge of nomenclaturePlace objects on a contour map using numbers1.Dragon Mountains; 2.East African plateau; 3. Congo Basin; 4. Ethiopian Highlands; 5. volk. Kilimanjaro.2) Geographical dictation6.Oil, gas, coal, lying in the west and north of the continent are of origin.....(sedimentary);7.Type of minerals found mainly in East Africa...(ore);8. The tectonic structure underlying the continent is called... (African-Arabian Plate)Evaluation criteria.8 points - "5"; 7-6 points - "4"; 4-5 points -"

Appendix 2 Method of determining the geographical location of a climate zone. Plan

Appendix 3 Plan of characteristics of the climate zone. 1. Forming air masses, pressure belts.2.Average air temperature in January, July, annual temperature range, max. and min. temperature;3.Annual precipitation and its distribution by season.4. Is there seasonality and how does it manifest itself? (study page)Appendix 4 Climatogram analysis plan (p. 279) . 1. Consider all the symbols on the climatogram. What can you learn from it?(-months of the year are designated after one, with initial letters on the horizontal axis;)2. Find out the annual variation of temperatures (when the temperature is lower, when it is higher) What are the average temperatures in January and July? What is the annual temperature range?3.What amount of precipitation is typical for this type of climate? What is the precipitation pattern throughout the year?4.Draw a conclusion about the type of climate and evaluate it from the standpoint of life and economic activity person.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

Climate of Africa Africa is the hottest continent on earth. It receives more solar heat and light. Than other continents. There the Sun always stands high above the horizon, and twice a year at any point it is at its zenith.

2 slide

Slide description:

Let's remember! 1. What is called relief? Relief – a set of irregularities earth's surface, varying in size, origin and age. 2. Name the main shapes of the land surface and their division by height. Mountains Altitude above sea level Plains 0-200 m 200-500 m 500-1000 m 1000-2000 m 2000-5000 m More than 5000 m Low Medium altitude High Highest Lowlands Highlands Plateaus

3 slide

Slide description:

Purpose of the lesson: to find out the features of the African climate 1. Define the concepts “weather” and “climate”. 2. List the climatic zones of the Earth according to the atlas map 3. Determine in which climatic zones Africa is located LESSON TYPE: lesson in learning new material

4 slide

Slide description:

Climate-forming factors Climate-forming factor What is the role of the factor Influence on the climate of Africa Height of the sun above the horizon The farther from the equator, the .... Located in warm latitudes, receives more heat, intersected by the equator (winter - summer) Underlying surface (relief) Direction of mountain ranges The higher, the... Precipitation falls on...... slopes Despite the fact that Africa receives a lot of heat, Africa has mountains, on top of which there is snow. The Drakensberg Mountains prevent the trade wind from penetrating far into the Kalahari (Namib Desert) Air currents (monsoon trade winds) Trade winds from the ocean bring all year round... The trade winds dominate. Dry trade winds from Eurasia determine the dry air in the Sahara. In South Africa, the trade winds are wet, but do not penetrate far

5 slide

Slide description:

Africa is the most hot continent planets. The reason for this is geographical location continent: the entire territory of Africa is located in hot climate zones. It is in Africa that the hottest place on Earth is located - Dallol, and the highest temperature on Earth was recorded (+58.4 °C).

6 slide

Slide description:

7 slide

Slide description:

Characteristics of climatic zones Climatic zone Geographical location Air masses Climate characteristics Equatorial belt Congo River basin and coast of the Gulf of Guinea EW Hot-humid Subequatorial belt Up to 15-20 degrees latitude north and south of the equator EW-summer, TW-winter Hot-humid Hot-dry Tropical zone Up to 25-30 degrees northern latitude and southern latitude TV Hot-dry Subtropical zone Extreme north and extreme south of the continent TV-summer, HC-winter Hot-dry Moderate

8 slide

Slide description:

Equatorial belt Central Africa and the coastal areas of the Gulf of Guinea belong to the equatorial belt, where there is heavy rainfall throughout the year and there is no change of seasons. There is a constant climate here. During the day, the surface becomes very hot, and in the afternoon there are heavy rains. By evening the weather becomes clear again.

Slide 9

Slide description:

The subequatorial belt reaches approximately 15-20° latitude north and south of the equator. Two season - dry winter and wet summer. North and south of the subequatorial belts are the northern and southern tropical belts. They are characterized by high temperatures with little rainfall, which leads to the formation of deserts.

10 slide

Slide description:

Tropical climate zone. Average temperatures in winter are not lower than 10 °C, in summer 30-35 °C. In arid places there are deserts and semi-deserts, in more humid places there are savannas and deciduous forests.

11 slide

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