Test to determine melancholic. Temperament type test! How easy it is to make you angry

What makes you and I so different from each other? Why are we different?

A person’s behavior and fate are influenced by his upbringing, development, tastes, and also such an important parameter as temperament.

What is temperament, how and why is it determined? These are special innate qualities that do not change throughout life and create the general behavioral background of a person.

Temperament does not affect tastes, preferences, life goals. It rather determines reactions to any external or internal events, as well as the type of behavior.

For example, a person is standing near the road in rainy weather, and a passing car pours water on him. One will begin to swear in the worst words, cursing the driver. Another will be upset, but will not show it - rather, he will harbor a grudge deep inside.

The third will not pay any attention to the incident, and the fourth will only laugh at this curiosity. This behavior directly depends on the type of temperament.

Determining the type of temperament is very important, because this will allow you to better understand yourself, make meaningful decisions in life situations, and treat your life consciously.

The test will not let you make mistakes!

Before determining your own type, it is worth understanding what they are and what their features are. There are only four of them: melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic and sanguine.

Melancholic

This is a deeply vulnerable person, prone to experiencing problems inside, destroying himself. Such a problem as “they don’t like me”, “they don’t understand me” - this is about him.

A melancholic person is an absolute introvert, it is difficult for him to be the center of attention, he often changes his mood and is prone to depression. Main qualities:

• Closedness.
• Vulnerability.
• Reasonableness.
• Mistrust.
• Pessimism.

This does not mean that a melancholic person is a gloomy snob, but he is more inclined than others to be quiet, depressive states, cannot bring aggression out, and keeps everything inside.

Phlegmatic person

It is well known that a person is phlegmatic - quite peaceful, friendly and positive, but he never shows strong emotions.

This is a reliable and calm person. Its qualities:

• Reasonableness.
• Hardness.
• Calm.
• Attentiveness.
• Inertia.
• Kindness.

This good qualities, which, perhaps, just lacks a little emotionality. Such a person will never exclaim: “I love you!” - rather, he will show it in action or whisper in his ear.

Choleric

This is an aggressor and at the same time a big entertainer. A choleric person is an active, nervous person; he cannot sit in one place.

Whether he becomes a screen star or not depends on his upbringing and fate. serial killer, but he will never remain in the shadows. A person such as choleric has the following qualities:

• Impermanence.
• Nervousness.
• Activity.
• Emotionality.
• Impulsiveness.

Sanguine

This is a “live”, a positive and cheerful nature. Luck smiles on him, those around him love him, and troubles pass him by.

And he solves problems easily and playfully. The most striking signs of a sanguine person:

• Cheerful disposition.
• Carefree.
• Sociability.
• Optimism.
• Kindness.

Test: determine your type

A simple and quick temperament test will allow you to determine your type online. To do this, select only one answer for each question proposed, and write down the selected letter under the corresponding question number.

As a result, one or another letter will be repeated more often. Using it you will determine your predominant type of temperament.

So, let's start the test to see what type of temperament you have.

1. Your strengths:

A) Rationality.

B) Balance.

B) Activity.

D) Positivity.

2. Your shortcomings:

A) Indecisiveness.

B) Passivity.

B) Impermanence.

D) Frivolity.

3. What mood are you in most often?

A) Pessimistic.

B) Calm.

C) Restless, changeable.

D) Good.

4. How sociable are you?

A) Uncommunicative.

B) Uncommunicative.

B) Moderately sociable.

D) Very sociable.

Find out the results:

A - . Your prevailing temperament type suggests that you find it difficult to enjoy life and solve problems. You often get stuck in unfavorable situations and can relive them for years.

You are advised to choose a field of activity where there is a minimum of negativity and a maximum of good - working with animals or flowers, and not in the police, for example. You are shown creativity and any creative activity.

G - . You are lucky: sanguine people are considered the happiest. Direct your potential in a good and correct direction: help people, give them positivity and the belief that life is wonderful.

Whatever you do in life, you can make the world around you brighter and brighter. And how can one not use such talent!

Please note that there are practically no “pure” temperaments. Observe yourself, try to understand what type of temperament prevails in you and how to live in perfect harmony with yourself.

If you are interested in learning more

There are much longer and more complex tests that will also help determine the type of temperament of any person. One of the most popular is a test to determine temperament, a psychiatrist who first created a classification of types.

This test consists of many questions and contributes quite precise definition type of human temperament. Pass psychological test Eysenck can be accessed online completely free of charge; all you have to do is find him on the Internet, he is in the public domain.

However, the Eysenck test online gives a one-sided answer, that is, it determines one, main type of temperament. As a rule, one psychological type predominates in a person, and some second one approaches it in percentage terms.

The temperament test, or online Eysenck test, allows you to determine the type of temperament, but does not explain in detail what this classification is based on. But it is better to know the main theoretical principles before determining the type - this will allow you to better understand your own psychology.

This means acting correctly in various life situations, choosing a suitable field of activity and social circle, living in a natural, natural rhythm that will correspond to the type of temperament.
Author: Vasilina Serova

Take this temperament type test to evaluate your reactions to current events!

Briefly about the main thing:

1. Is temperament a genetic problem or an acquired gift?
2. How to learn to recognize people by their personality temperament?
3. What are the types of temperament?
4. Evaluate yourself! Temperament type test!

Is temperament a genetic problem or an acquired gift?

The concept of “personal temperament” was introduced by the founder of medicine, Hippocrates. Even then, he divided people into four main categories that are still relevant today.

Sometimes personality temperament is confused with character, but this is not true!

Temperament is the innate characteristics of a person that affect his behavior, speed of reaction to events and stimuli, balance, self-development, etc. And character is a set of acquired qualities, for example, determination, courage, fearlessness, etc.

How to learn to recognize people by personality temperament?

Knowing a person's temperament, you can:

• predict his reaction;
• find out his way of life;
• understand what he needs;
• easy to find an approach;
• understand in which areas of activity he will be successful!

In fact, this is the key to anyone! How to choose it? Read below!

What are the different types of temperament?

Sanguine– this is a sea of ​​positivity. The person is cheerful, active, optimistic, quickly and clearly reacts to changes. If he is angry, he does not hide his emotions, studies everything new with interest, and is prone to frequent changes of hobbies.

Choleric, as a rule, is quick-tempered and unbalanced, and can be reckless and unpredictable. He is very emotional, often aggressive, jealous, prone to inflated self-esteem and suppression of others. Choleric people usually have a gloomy appearance, have a negative attitude towards others, and suffer from overwork and mood swings.

Melancholic– a calm and thoughtful person, as a rule, is vulnerable, trusting and slow. Prone to low self-esteem, sudden mood swings for the worse, and prone to depression. He always tries to follow instructions strictly. Any innovation can upset him to tears. Sometimes such people are called homebodies and bores, but they perform best in the household.

Phlegmatic person- balanced and calm, it is almost impossible to get angry. Even if he gets angry, he instantly cools down. He very rarely shows emotions, has difficulty adapting to new circumstances, and is not particularly smart or resourceful. Tries to stick to a strict plan. A phlegmatic person cannot perform several tasks at once, but he is always attentive, persistent and consistent.

How to determine your personality temperament?

Rate yourself! Temperament type test!

A “pure” type of temperament can be found extremely rarely. The vast majority of people have a mixed temperament, which is characterized by features of different personality temperaments, but still one necessarily predominates.

This test contains four groups of statements that describe various types temperaments. You can either agree with them or not. Record your answers on paper.

So, let's begin self-discovery!

What does a choleric person think to himself?

• I am extremely fussy and restless.
• I often rage and flare up over trifles.
• Patience is not about me.
• I can be harsh and rude when dealing with people.
• I initiate various meetings and events.
• I tend to be stubborn.
• I am resourceful and creative in argument.
• I can't work at a certain pace.
• I'm a risk taker.
• I'm not vindictive at all.
• I have fast and temperamental speech.
• I can be very unbalanced.
• I am unable to put up with other people's shortcomings.
• I like to make cutting remarks.
• I don't hide my emotions.
• I tend to make quick decisions.
• I'm interested in everything new.
• My movements can be abrupt.
• If the goal is set, I am not distracted by anything else.
• My mood can change very dramatically.

What does a sanguine person think to himself?

• I can well call myself a positive person.
• As a rule, I am full of energy and know how to use it.
• I don't often manage to bring things to their logical conclusion.
• I may overestimate my capabilities.
• I can quickly learn new information.
• I don’t get hung up on one thing and am prone to changing hobbies.
• I don't worry about failures, everyone has them.
• I can easily adapt to any conditions.
• I can do anything with passion.
• I can quit what I started when interest in it disappears.
• It is not difficult for me to switch from one job to another.
• I'm tired of monotonous work.
• I easily make acquaintances, I have a lot of friends and acquaintances.
• I am quite resilient and can work as long as necessary.
• I speak loudly and can express my thoughts quickly and clearly.
• I maintain my composure in unexpected situations.
• I am always friendly towards others.
• I fall asleep quickly and wake up easily.
• Sometimes I am prone to rash decisions.
• I can be inattentive in conversation and can lose the thread of the conversation.

What does a phlegmatic person think to himself?

• As a rule, I am balanced and very calm.
• I perform all my actions in the intended sequence.
• I am characterized by prudence and caution.
• I can wait a long time.
• I am not given to idle chatter, let others do the talking.
• I calmly express my thoughts and do not show emotions in conversation.
• I am characterized by patience and restraint.
• I have no unfinished business.
• I don't skimp on trifles.
• If the matter is worthwhile, I can give it my all.
• I try to stick to a plan in everything I do.
• I always control my emotions.
• I usually do not respond to either praise or criticism.
• I am lenient when jokes are made about me.
• I am true to my passions.
• I feel uncomfortable switching to another activity.
• I have the same relationship with everyone.
• I am characterized by pedantry and accuracy.
• I have a hard time getting used to changes.
• I am characterized by endurance and composure.
• I’m gradually getting used to people, I can’t make friends.

What does a melancholic person think to himself?

• I am socially shy and very self-conscious.
• I get lost in an unusual environment.
• I can't easily walk up and talk to a stranger.
• I'm not sure I'm capable of anything.
• I am not bothered by loneliness, I take it calmly.
• My failures are overwhelming me.
• I can immerse myself in myself and not come out of this state for a long time.
• I get tired often and quickly.
• I can't talk loudly.
• It’s easier for me to adapt than to defend my point of view.
• I am very impressionable, sometimes I can be moved to tears.
• I am pleased when people praise me.
• I take criticism very painfully.
• I am always strict with myself and demanding of others.
• I am characterized by suspicion and suspiciousness.
• I am easily hurt and offended.
• I get carried away with the offense and worry for a long time.
• I cannot share my thoughts and feelings with others.
• I usually don't show activity, I'm too timid.
• I am not used to arguing and meekly follow any instructions.
• I like it when others show me compassion.

Temperament type test results!

Accordingly, the more positive answers, the more clearly this type of temperament is expressed in you.

To determine the percentage, add up the sum of all positive responses. Then the number of positive responses for certain type multiply by 100% and divide by total quantity positive answers.

What happened?

The type of temperament that scores more than 40% is considered the main one.

The type of temperament that corresponds to from 30 to 39% is considered pronounced.

The type of temperament that scores from 20 to 29% manifests itself only in certain circumstances.

A type of temperament that scores less than 20% manifests itself extremely weakly.

Notes and feature articles for deeper understanding of the material

¹ Hippocrates (about 460 BC, - about 370 BC) is a famous ancient Greek healer, doctor and philosopher. He went down in history as the “father of medicine” (

Temperament is an innate cumulative system psychological characteristics person. Psychologists distinguish 4 types of temperament: Melancholic, Sanguine, Choleric and Phlegmatic. IN " pure form“None of the temperaments are found; as a rule, in addition to the predominant, so-called basic temperament, a person combines traits of two or even three more types of temperament. Throughout life, under the influence of external factors, some traits of temperament may be smoothed out or, on the contrary, become more pronounced, but in general, the predominant type of temperament is laid down at birth.

Hat test)). Determining temperament from a picture.

Try to imagine yourself in the place of the person whose hat was “damaged” and choose the appropriate option without looking at the answers. You are asked to choose a picture from the cartoons, so the situation is a little exaggerated. At the same time, in life we ​​do not always show our temperament and most often we suppress our reactions so as not to “scare” others. Therefore in at the moment When testing, be honest with yourself.

Answers.

1. Choleric.

2. Melancholic.

3. Sanguine.

4. Phlegmatic.

Figured temperament test.

Choose the figure that is closest to you.

Answers

1. Square - phlegmatic.

2. Triangle - choleric.

3. Rectangle - Mixed type of temperament.

4. The circle is melancholic.

4. Zigzag - sanguine.

Description of temperament types.

Phlegmatic person

Unhurried, unperturbed, has stable aspirations and mood, outwardly stingy in the manifestation of emotions and feelings. Has logical judgments. He has a strong, balanced, efficient nervous system, a persistent, persistent worker, he gets things done to the end. Most often he is calm, restrained and constant in his feelings, his mood is even, he rarely loses his temper.
Capable of deep, stable and constant feelings. Phlegmatic is peaceful, attentive, caring. Moderately talkative, does not like to chat about trifles. Saves energy and does not waste it. Facial expressions, speech, gestures and actions are slow and calm, restrained, emotionally inexpressive. Thorough, reliable, distinguished by depth and constancy of thoughts.
But a phlegmatic person has difficulty switching from one job to another, “swings” for a long time, does not adapt well to a new environment, is passive (low level of activity), has difficulty developing new habits and behavior patterns, but at the same time they become persistent. He is characterized by lethargy, laziness, indifference to others, and lack of will. Tends to do familiar work in familiar, familiar surroundings.

Choleric

Fast, passionate, impetuous, open, with quick mood changes. Choleric is active, mobile, optimistic, impulsive, but at the same time easily excitable and restless. A choleric person also has a strong nervous system, but he is unbalanced, quick-tempered, irritable, impatient, touchy, and vulnerable.
He may have emotional breakdowns. Due to conflict, he does not get along well with other people. A choleric person easily switches from one task/topic of conversation to another task/topic; he is characterized by sudden mood swings. He is highly excitable, has pronounced emotional experiences, and is unable to control his emotions.
The movements and speech of a choleric person are fast, intermittent, abrupt, impetuous, and impulsive. Prone to exhaustion, because when he is passionate about a task, he acts with all his might. In the interests of society, he is proactive, principled, active, and energetic.
In the absence of spiritual and personal growth affective, irritable, hot-tempered, aggressive, unrestrained, conflictual.

Sanguine

A lively, hot-tempered, active person, with frequent changes of mood and impressions, with a quick reaction to all the events happening around him, quite easily coming to terms with his failures and troubles. Sanguine is cheerful, friendly, talkative, flexible, and responsive.
He has a strong, balanced nervous system, high performance, while he is active and mobile, easily experiencing failures. He easily communicates with people, quickly gets along with people, switches easily, easily and quickly reacts to what is happening around him. At the same time, he strives for novelty, a change of impressions, is restless, and does not sufficiently regulate his impulses. He has rich, agile facial expressions, fast, expressive speech.
A sanguine person cannot do things that require concentration, attention, perseverance, or patience. He has a rapid change of feelings, but the feelings are shallow, he is prone to inconstancy and superficiality.

Melancholic

A person who is easily vulnerable, prone to constantly experiencing various events, he reacts sharply to external factors. A melancholic person is highly impressionable, easily emotionally vulnerable, touchy, but at the same time sensitive and empathetic, easily gets along with different people, non-conflict.
He has a weak nervous system, increased fatigue, low mental activity, and slowness. He is highly emotional, but tends to experience problems within himself, which leads to self-destruction. His feelings are deep, constant, stable, but at the same time poorly expressed. He has difficulty concentrating on anything for long periods of time.
A melancholic person experiences failures hard and acutely (they often give up), he is timid, shy, anxious, indecisive, unstable to stress, his speech is quiet, slow. He is withdrawn, uncommunicative, quiet, pessimistic, his mood changes easily, but at the same time he is melancholic and reasonable.
In a healthy environment, he is productive and can perform monotonous work that requires attention, perseverance, patience, and concentration. A deep, meaningful person. But under unfavorable circumstances, he becomes anxious, withdrawn, fearful, and vulnerable.

Scientists have noted that the strongest and outstanding personalities usually have strong character, and a pure type of temperament. Thus, O.V. Suvorov, A.S. Pushkin, I.P. Pavlov approached “pure” choleric people. Famous melancholic people: Mozart, Poganini. Sanguine - Yu. A. Gagarin. Many others no less famous people, also had pure, or close to pure types.

Character and temperament are usually quite strongly connected with each other; it depends on them how a person will behave in a given life situation. On our website you can also take a free patented character and temperament test, we hope that this will help you better understand yourself and the people around you. Good luck!

What is the difference between the concepts of “character” and “temperament”? Temperament is what a person receives at birth. Properties, motives of behavior and skills that are genetically determined. Character is developed through experience, often in an attempt to change temperament. For example, a shy young man who has been shy since childhood becomes more determined as an adult because he has attended acting classes and developed the ability to speak boldly in public. Here shyness is a temperamental trait. And acquired determination is a character trait. Diagnosing your own temperament contributes to the development of character if you work on yourself. Self-knowledge at the psychological level allows you to reveal positive traits personality and work on negative ones. For parents, the diagnosis will give the key to his upbringing and will tell him how to treat the baby so that he hears and understands correctly.

Temperaments

Ever since school, everyone knows the four types of temperament into which people are divided. The distinction is made depending on the behavioral reactions to the expected events, from which clear models of behavior are formed. It is interesting that character traits can manifest themselves in a person regardless of the type of temperament. Many people do not think about this, confusing the concepts or combining them into one. But from these differences it is clearly clear that each person is unique, since events, everyday experiences, childhood, social environment - all this develops character.

Properties of temperament

The manifestations of properties depending on the personality type differ significantly. This is what makes it possible to conduct a high-quality diagnosis of temperament and character.

1. Sensitivity. This definition characterizes an individual's reaction to external stimuli. Each type reacts differently, one will show violent reaction, if you hit him. The other one won't pay attention.

2. Reactivity. Characterized by an involuntary reaction to external or internal stimuli, such as sharp sounds, loud music or screaming.

3. Activity. Refers to the reaction to the outside world. Purposefulness, willingness to overcome difficulties, the ability to steadfastly resist life's troubles.

4. Plasticity (rigidity). The ability to adapt to changing circumstances. Life flexibility.

5. Rate of reactive activity. Reaction speed. Ability to quickly respond to stimuli.

6. Introversion (extroversion). Ability to make quick decisions. Speed ​​of information perception.

7. External manifestations of the response.

Based on the listed properties, a complex diagnosis of temperament types is constructed. How do you know which type to classify yourself as? The properties of temperament types are also associated with hormonal nature, physiological processes in the body, and body structure.

Method for determining the type of temperament

The most extensive and popular method is the Eysenck temperament diagnostic method.

Hans Jurgen Eysenck is a British psychologist. He has developed a system of questions, answering “yes” or “no” to which one can diagnose the properties and types of temperaments. The result of completing the questionnaire will be the identification of your true self, taking into account introversion and extraversion. The technique also reveals the emotional stability of the individual. The Eysenck test is a classic method for determining personality typology, one of the most used in modern psychology.

Eysenck questionnaire

So, answer a series of questions. Don’t think too long about the answers, act according to the dictates of your consciousness. Place a plus next to the question number if the answer is “yes”. And minus if the answer is “no”.

Questionnaire text:

1. Do you often experience a craving for new experiences, to be distracted, to experience strong sensations?

2. Do you often feel that you need friends who can understand, encourage, and sympathize with you?

3. Do you consider yourself a carefree person?

4. Is it very difficult for you to give up your intentions?

5. Do you think about your affairs slowly and prefer to wait before acting?

6. Do you always keep your promises, even if it is unprofitable for you?

7. Do you often have ups and downs in your mood?

8. Do you usually act and speak quickly?

9. Have you ever had the feeling that you are unhappy, although there was no serious reason for this?

10. Is it true that in a “dispute” you are able to decide on anything?

11. Do you feel embarrassed when you want to meet someone of the opposite sex who you like?

12. Does it ever happen that when you get angry, you lose your temper?

13. Does it often happen that you act thoughtlessly, on the spur of the moment?

14. Do you often worry about the idea that you shouldn't have done or said something?

15. Do you prefer reading books to meeting people?

16. Is it true that you are easily offended?

17. Do you often like to be in company?

18. Do you ever have thoughts that you would not like to share with others?

19. Is it true that sometimes you are so full of energy that everything in your hands burns, and sometimes you feel tired?

20. Do you try to limit your circle of acquaintances to a small number of your closest friends?

21. Do you dream a lot?

22. When people shout at you, do you respond in kind?

23. Do you consider all your habits to be good?

24. Do you often have the feeling that you are to blame for something?

25. Are you sometimes able to give free rein to your feelings and have carefree fun in a cheerful company?

26. Can you say that your nerves are often stretched to the limit?

27. Are you known as a lively and cheerful person?

28. After something is done, do you often mentally return to it and think that you could have done it better?

29. Do you feel restless when in a large company?

30. Does it happen that you spread rumors?

31. Does it happen that you can’t sleep because different thoughts come into your head?

32. If you want to know something, do you prefer to find it in a book or ask people?

33. Do you have palpitations?

34. Do you like work that requires concentration?

35. Do you have tremors?

36. Do you always tell the truth?

37. Do you sometimes find it unpleasant to be in a company where they make fun of each other?

38. Are you irritable?

39. Do you like work that requires speed?

40. Is it true that you are often haunted by thoughts about various troubles and horrors that could happen, although everything ended well?

41. Is it true that you are leisurely in your movements and somewhat slow?

42. Have you ever been late for work or a meeting with someone?

43. Do you often have nightmares?

44. Is it true that you love to talk so much that you don’t miss any opportunity to talk with a new person?

45. Do you have any pain?

46. ​​Would you be upset if you couldn’t see your friends for a long time?

47. Are you a nervous person?

48. Are there anyone among your friends who you clearly don’t like?

49. Are you a confident person?

50. Are you easily offended by criticism of your shortcomings or your work?

51. Do you find it difficult to really enjoy events that involve a lot of people?

52. Does the feeling that you are somehow worse than others bother you?

53. Would you be able to bring some life into a boring company?

54. Does it happen that you talk about things that you don’t understand at all?

55. Are you worried about your health?

56. Do you like to make fun of others?

57. Do you suffer from insomnia?

Decoding the result

All questions are divided into groups that relate to the personal qualities of the individual. Count how many times you answered “yes” or “no” to the number questions in each group.

Processing the results:

1. Extraversion - is the sum of the answers “Yes” in questions 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56, and the answers “No” in questions 5 , 15, 20, 29, 32, 37, 41, 51.

If the sum of points is 0-10, then you are an introvert, closed within yourself. If 11-14, then you are an ambivert, you communicate when you need it. If 15-24, then you are an extrovert, sociable, facing the outside world.

2. Neuroticism - find the number of “Yes” answers in questions 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55, 57.

If the number of “Yes” answers is 0-10, you have emotional stability. If 11-16, then emotional sensitivity. If 17-22, then individual signs of looseness appear nervous system. If you are 23-24, you have neuroticism bordering on pathology, a breakdown or neurosis is possible.

3. False - find the sum of the points for the “Yes” answers in questions 6, 24, 36, and the “No” answers in questions 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.

If a score of 0-3 is the norm for human lies, the answers can be trusted. If 4-5, then it is doubtful. If 6-9, your answers are unreliable.

If the answers can be trusted, then a graph is built based on the data received.

Score the results on the Eysenck scale. Check which part of the circle the value of your questionnaire result is in.

Eysenck scale values

Interestingly, there are no 100% extroverts or introverts. In every personality different ratios the qualities of both types of temperaments are combined. Let's take a closer look at the meaning of each pole of the temperament test using the Eysenck circle.

Extrovert

He won’t reach into his pocket for words. Loves to talk about everything in the world. There is such a person in every team; he attracts listeners and is ready to support any conversation. Likes to meet new people and makes many friends. But he lacks the ability to give everyone due attention. Therefore, the relationship is superficial. An extrovert likes to create movement around him. They constantly call him on the phone, he is going somewhere, he is in a hurry. He enjoys being in company; it fills him with energy. Externally, an extrovert can be recognized by his loud voice, loud laughter and active gestures. It is often difficult for him to stop; he may say too much. He gets bored being alone with himself. Even when alone at home, an extrovert will communicate with someone on the phone or text. Prone to risk, impulsive in actions. But cheerful and lively.

Introvert

A certain detachment from society is typical for him. The circle of friends is chosen carefully, with the expectation of a lifetime. Introverts are reluctant to make contact, only when necessary. These are rare guests at parties, and if they appear there, it is under pressure, since they do not want to go of their own free will. An introvert's loved ones are people who have proven themselves over the years and are sympathetic to him. If he doesn't see them for a long time, the relationship still remains sincere and friendly. Introverts feel comfortable alone and always have something to do. The company gets tired quickly. At the same time, they can lead quite an active life in society; they do not necessarily sit at home within four walls. An introvert gets energy from things: good food, interesting literature, healthy sleep. For him, the internal component of his life, stability and tranquility are more important. As a rule, he is pedantic and does not like to accept quick solutions. Characterized by a high degree of self-control, he is rarely angry. He has high morality and is prone to excessive pessimism.

Neuroticism

Characterized by increased excitability and irritability. This temperamental trait gives a person uncertainty in everything (in himself, in others, in things and actions). In diagnosing a person’s temperament type, this property indicates a restless nature, vulnerable and prone to depression. Reactions to external stimuli may be inadequate, which is fraught with consequences in the form of stress and neurosis. The person is susceptible to external events and anxious. In psychology, it is defined as an emotionally unstable personality type. An individual with signs of neuroticism worries all the time, overly self-critical, and fears public transport. Fears about loved ones are exaggerated.

Neuroticism is accompanied by feelings of guilt and defenselessness.

Emotional stability

Self-confidence, aptitude for leadership. Calm and poise. The individual is ready to help everyone (and helps whenever possible). There is no tension in stressful situations acts clearly and quickly. Adapts quickly to new circumstances and easily assimilates information. A person does not pay attention to the little things in life. Purposefully moves towards his goal.

Pavlov's method

Russian scientist-physiologist I.V. Pavlov identified four well-known personality typologies. The classification is as follows: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic. Express diagnostics of Eysenck's temperaments, in combination with Pavlov's method, provided the most accurate and comprehensive definition of these concepts. As a result, we can characterize people as follows:

A sanguine person is a person with emotional stability and extroverted traits.

Choleric is an emotionally unstable personality and an extrovert.

Phlegmatic - emotionally stable and introverted.

Melancholic is an introvert prone to neurosis.

Let's study each type in more detail.

Choleric

In expressed representatives of this temperament, emotions prevail over reason. Any event in life is expressed on the emotional level of such a person. In a moment of joy, he will jump, scream, hug everyone and laugh loudly. At times of disappointment, it is bitter to cry and tell others about your misfortune. Moreover, it will move from one state to another quickly. The flow of energy released in a fit of emotion quickly dries up, which constantly requires replenishment with new sensations.

The choleric energetically takes on new things, his whole life is filled with actions that require his vigilant, urgent attention. If he has a favorite thing, the choleric person will devote himself to it with all passion. He has pronounced leadership qualities, he is able to become a leader, leading people. He is highly resistant to stress because he is unable to hold attention to unpleasant moments for a long time. Choleric people tend to abandon unfinished business if they are not interested in it. The mood often changes because he reacts emotionally to every moment in life. Hot-tempered and unrestrained. Cholerics, who prefer honest relationships, will defend the unfoundedly accused until they lose their pulse. Truth-tellers, rather from lack of restraint. They strive to be the main character in any event.

Melancholic

Vulnerable, prone to knowing the inner “I”. If a temperament test shows that an individual is basically melancholic, this does not mean that he is a sad pessimist. This type of temperament has a pronounced creativity. A melancholic person is spiritually developed and prone to deep emotional experiences. Able to look at the root of a problem or event, notices the details. Able to cope well with any job, especially one that requires perseverance and attentiveness. Sees beauty in the most ordinary things. He is suspicious, which is why he avoids contacts with people whom he does not completely trust. Reduced self-esteem, takes offense at statements addressed to him. Slow, but resilient and capable of analysis. A sensitive melancholic person is prone to long-term relationships with people. Having lost his trust, it will most likely not be possible to restore it.

Sanguine

Changeable type. If a temperament test shows that you are sanguine, you need to carefully monitor your emotions. A sanguine person changes his mind instantly, and the same goes for commitment to hobbies and work. At the same time, the sanguine person is the most lively and cheerful of all types of temperaments. He is active, artistic, and has rich facial expressions. It's interesting to watch him. Quickly adapts to changing circumstances. He gets to work easily and joyfully, and since childhood he has been interested in various hobby groups and clubs. A sanguine person lives with pleasure, enjoys both work and rest. If there is a lack of affection and interesting hobbies, it becomes superficial.

Phlegmatic person

This type of temperament is thorough and consistent. He is selective in his hobbies and always brings everything to its logical conclusion. Life position is weak, not active. He is not prone to impulsive actions, is calm and collected, and does not like empty talk. He is a hard worker at work, always ready to help and take responsibility. A phlegmatic person has a deep inner world. IN negative traits he can be lethargic, incapable of taking a decisive step. But the calmest of all, inert. Persistent in achieving the goal. Stress-resistant, avoids conflicts. Difficult to adapt to new conditions, not ready for drastic changes. Not susceptible to emotions, does not express feelings directly. He is able to listen to another person, but does not talk about his feelings. There are no problems with self-esteem; it is rarely a little low.

Personality typology in children

For parents, knowing the type of temperament their child has is undoubtedly important. Determination of personality temperament in childhood gives the key to education, construction efficient process training. If you correctly understand what type your baby is, there is a chance to make the most of his positive traits and provide the opportunity for favorable personality development. Having an understanding of how a child thinks and taking into account characteristic features temperament, a thinking adult is able to avoid causing harm to the child’s psyche and minimize the development negative aspects character.

Choleric child

This child is noisy, restless and active. He can be aggressive and is characterized by rapid mood swings. He perceives information well, but often forgets what was asked of him. Difficulty going to bed. He loves noisy games and quickly finds contact with other players. The body works quickly, the baby easily recovers from illness.

Parents need to fill out free time provide a choleric child with some useful activity. It would be better if it was a sports section. He needs to be taken out into nature more often; he needs a lot of space. After the release of energy in the sections, you can engage in intellectual activity. The child should approach educational activities physically tired, then he will be able to perceive information and be diligent. Fatigue will not affect the functioning of the brain; a choleric child has inexhaustible energy reserves.

Melancholic child

Extremely reasonable, unhurried. He feels uncomfortable in an unfamiliar atmosphere and has difficulty getting along with other children. But if you make friends with someone, then for a long time. Sensitive, this makes us vulnerable. You need to communicate with him carefully, as he takes everything personally. It takes a long time to learn information, and is timid and unsure when communicating. A change of place of residence or kindergarten is difficult for a melancholic child. It is difficult to put him to sleep, but in the morning he is alert and ready for active actions.

A melancholic child needs parental approval and support. He needs this more than anything else. He withdraws from criticism and scolding; this will bring him a lot of problems in the future. Support for his initiative in any endeavors is required, stimulation of stories about own feelings.

Sanguine child

The soul of the company, open to both other children and adults. A little careless, lacking a sense of self-preservation. He takes on a lot of things, but brings few things to completion. Doesn't calculate strength. Does not remember insults, is restless. Inclined to team games, loves sports and communication.

Parents need to train perseverance and hard work in their sanguine child. A joint activity will put the child at ease and prepare the ground for a trusting relationship. Assembling a construction set or a jigsaw puzzle is something that he cannot do alone, but together with his parents such an activity will give the desired educational effect. It is necessary to instill in the child the basics of morality so that a light attitude towards life does not develop into a superficial one.

Phlegmatic child

Slow, thorough. Loves to find out what the essence of everything is. He is not emotional, so he often gets the feeling that he doesn’t care what happens around him. Can play independently for a long time and enthusiastically and not disturb adults. He sleeps well, but has difficulty getting up in the morning. Loves to snuggle under a blanket.

Parents need to learn to broadcast to their child positive emotions. He will easily succumb to a passion for useful activities: caring for animals, household chores. It is necessary to add variety to his daily routine: watching cartoons and films, going to the circus and the zoo. For stimulation physical development A home wall bars or rope will do.

In conclusion

Psychological diagnosis of temperament affects not only self-knowledge. Knowing which type you are provides the opportunity to stimulate the development of personality strengths. Realizing weaknesses, you can fight them. Or, conversely, use it for good. Diagnosis of temperament in adolescents and children early age allows parents to raise a child without disrupting his worldview and attitude. Willingness to work and develop the child’s strengths will definitely find a response.

Each type of temperament has its own strengths and weaknesses, and a person’s task throughout life is to find harmony between them. The integrity of a person is determined by the ability to find the edges of all inherent possibilities and skillfully use them in one’s own life. Society consists of many individual personalities, and even complete opposites in temperament can exist side by side without mutual claims.

Or even just the speed of movements are completely different. Sometimes such a difference touches, sometimes it irritates, and now we say in our hearts that we are completely different in temperament. But what does this really mean and is it possible to change your temperament to the ideal? We propose to understand the types of human temperaments and determine their pros and cons, and also, if you wish, take a test and find out what kind of temperament you have.

Temperament - what is it?

What is temperament? Temperament refers to the innate characteristics of a person that determine the dynamics of its course. mental processes. It is temperament that determines a person’s reactions to external circumstances. It largely shapes a person, his individuality and is a kind of connecting link between the body and cognitive processes. There are four simple types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic.

The term “temperament” itself was introduced by the ancient physician Claudius Galen and comes from Latin word"temperans", which means moderate. The word temperament itself can be translated as “the proper ratio of parts.” Hippocrates believed that the type of temperament is determined by the predominance of one of the fluids in the body. If blood predominates in the body, then the person will be mobile, that is, have a sanguine temperament, yellow bile will make the person impulsive and hot - choleric, black bile - sad and fearful, that is, melancholic, and the predominance of lymph will give the person calm and slowness, making him phlegmatic.

MirSovetov would like to immediately clarify this point: in their pure form, temperaments are very rare; usually in each person they are present in different proportions. You should also not equate character and temperament. The latter only characterizes the type of nervous system, its properties, and is associated with the structure of the body and even metabolism. But it is in no way connected with the individual’s views, beliefs, tastes and does not determine the individual’s capabilities.

Characteristics of temperaments

Sanguine temperament
People of this type easily adapt to new surroundings and quickly respond to what attracts their attention. They control their emotions well and willingly take on new things. Representatives of this type of temperament are subject to frequent mood changes, but their characteristic state is a state of cheerfulness.
Is it possible to determine that a particular person is sanguine? Yes, there are traits inherent only to them, by which you can always distinguish sanguine people from the society around you. As a rule, people with this type of temperament have a smooth and confident gait, their movements are light and fast. A sanguine person can be easily distinguished by his good and expressive gestures. Facial expressions and gestures are rich and natural, and speech is loud and clear.
One of the disadvantages of sanguine temperament is that people of this type are quickly distracted from business or emotions if external stimuli do not change for a long time. As soon as the novelty of sensations wears off, sanguine people become lethargic and indifferent.

If your colleague or subordinate is sanguine, then remember that his decisions are often rash. His activity is most effective when he is busy with new interesting projects keeping him in suspense. Do not forget that the duality of this temperament requires control over the progress of work.

Choleric temperament
Cholerics are easily excitable and unbalanced; it is difficult to switch their attention. They are very mobile, even to the point of excessiveness, their feelings are strong and manifest themselves vividly. They take on new tasks with great ardor and devote themselves completely to them, but at the same time, an inadequate assessment of their strengths leads to a sharp decline in activity. The disadvantages of this type of temperament lie precisely in imbalance, which causes outbursts of harshness, irritability, and exhaustion of strength.
Cholerics also have characteristic features: people of this type have hasty, often confused speech, bright and expressive facial expressions. Choleric people find it difficult to sit in one place, they often jump up or change positions, and gesticulate a lot and sharply. There is something defiant in their uneven gait.

Is your employee choleric? You are lucky because... Despite their imbalance, they are efficient and proactive people. They sometimes put forward fantastic ideas and enthusiastically overcome difficulties. But, getting carried away, they may lose their adequacy in assessing their strengths. To prevent decline, it is worth monitoring their activities and normalizing the working hours of such employees.

Melancholic temperament
They are passive, unstable, easily vulnerable and react little to external influences. Most often, melancholic people are self-absorbed; they prefer a calm, familiar environment. The undoubted advantages of this type of temperament are the depth and constancy of their feelings.
People of this type of temperament have a restrained, although fast, gait. They are immersed in their thoughts, so they may become thoughtful and slow down. Their gestures are stingy, but sharp due to the awkwardness they experience in society strangers. Speech is slow, often hesitating, and its speed is uneven.

MirSovetov draws your attention to the fact that if you are able to organize a calm time for your melancholic employee workplace, then its performance will amaze you. With support and a measured rhythm of work, they are capable of working miracles, but will painfully experience any difficult psychological situation. Sensitive melancholic people are very receptive and observant, which makes them indispensable in working with staff.

Phlegmatic temperament
Such people are persistent and stubborn, they walk smoothly and calmly. life path. These are reliable people who are difficult to piss off. They are stingy with emotions, detailed to the point of being boring, and reliable like no one else. The disadvantages are that phlegmatic people react very poorly to external stimuli, are slow to change their minds, get along with people, and are not resourceful.
Phlegmatic people move heavily and deliberately, their gait is often lazy and unhurried. While sitting, they can maintain the same position for a long time. Gesticulation and facial expressions are stingy; it is impossible to read anything from their face. Speech is leisurely, they are taciturn, and do not like idle chatter.

IN difficult situations Your most reliable employee will be a phlegmatic person. A person of this type will not argue; in any discussion, he will limit himself to summing up the results, and will skillfully take into account the opinions of each side. These are reliable and efficient workers who do not need to be controlled. But under no circumstances should you entrust a person of this type of temperament with work that requires initiative.

How to determine your temperament?

As mentioned above, pure temperaments are very rare. There are not only mixed types temperaments, but also intermediate, transitional. Many methods and tests have been developed to determine the type of temperament.
MirSovetov brings to your attention the following test, which will allow you to determine the percentage of each type of temperament and highlight your main type.
Put a plus if you agree with the statement and a minus if you don’t. So,

You: Now let's look at the test results. The test has 4 groups of questions, each group contains 14 statements. The first 14 (from the first to the fourteenth statement) describe the choleric temperament. The second group, from the 15th to the 28th statement, describes a sanguine person. The third group, from 29 to 42 – phlegmatic type of temperament. And the last group, from 43 to 56, the statement describes the melancholic temperament.
If in any of the groups you received more than 10 pluses, then this type of temperament is dominant for you. If the number of pluses is 5-9, then these traits are expressed to a significant extent in you. And if there are less than 4 positive answers, then the traits of this type of temperament are weakly expressed.

As you have seen, there is no clear ideal among temperament types. And it cannot be changed, because... This is not a character trait, but just a feature of the body’s reactions. But, having learned more about each type of temperament, having determined what type of temperament you have, it will be easier for you to build your relationships with people. MirSovetov hopes that now your colleagues and loved ones will understand you better.
Good luck with your communication!