Waste recycling is the most promising business. Garbage collection and recycling

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Waste recycling as a business is an extremely promising activity for investment. This socially significant activity has a positive impact on the environment.

It was not profitable enough 2-3 years ago. Recycling of recyclable materials and disposal of waste to landfills provided great profits. Much has changed since then. Today, household waste is at least 60% recyclable.

Business idea concept

The average person throws out up to 250 kg of garbage per year. The problem of waste disposal and reuse has become urgent.

Many components of waste can be recycled, but up to 96% of waste is sent to landfill.

Advantages of waste recycling business:

Since the waste recycling sector is practically not funded, local authorities, as a rule, have a very favorable attitude towards the waste disposal business. The city administration provides financial support and helps find industrial premises.
Enterprises that recycle waste are always in demand. Recycling and recycling of waste allows you to save primary raw materials. New companies in this segment are created every year.
You can use a sorting complex. This is inexpensive equipment created by domestic manufacturers. Its use will reduce costs.
High economic efficiency. According to professionals, the profitability of a waste removal and disposal business can be up to 80%.
Garbage is a valuable raw material. The waste recycling business is profitable because there is very little competition in this segment.

Starting a business from scratch

Everything useful should be extracted from garbage whenever possible. For this it is important to create appropriate conditions.

Legal registration:

It takes several months to prepare documents for carrying out commercial activities. Obtaining a license from the Department of Rosprirodnadzor is a mandatory condition.
To issue a permit, an environmental audit is carried out by the local Department of Environmental Management. Project with detailed description technological process must be submitted to the water and utilities a, Rospotrebnadzor, fire inspection.
A sanitary zone of 500 m must be created around the waste treatment plant, as established by the requirements of the regulatory authorities. Based on the results of this work, a conclusion is drawn. At least 2 thousand dollars must be invested in order production room complied with industrial sanitation and fire safety requirements.

Financial component of entrepreneurial activity

It is important to find ways to attract investment to start a waste recycling business.

Starting capital required:

Initially, only the initial stages of processing recyclable materials can be launched. The company can collect and sort waste and create semi-finished products. The organization of a universal waste disposal enterprise requires significant material costs, so the entrepreneur should decide in advance what types of secondary raw materials he will work with.
Residents are not inclined to sort the garbage they throw away for free. It is necessary to set a certain price for waste paper or bottles.
How to choose a location for a waste recycling business? A production area, landfills, and sources of waste are an ideal solution to create a company that processes recyclable materials.
Deep recycling of waste can bring maximum profit. According to experts, over $20 million is needed to build a large universal complex that will process any type of solid waste. household waste: glass, paper, plastic, rubber, wood.
If an entrepreneur does not have this opportunity, you can start recycling one type of waste. From 50 to 300 thousand dollars will be required to create a specialized production facility for the recycling of one type of secondary raw material. Such a modest enterprise can generate significant income. The waste recycling business has a large share of utility costs. They make up about 20%.

Garbage recycling

Construction waste contains concrete, wood, brick and metal parts. Extracting metal particles is the purpose of recycling. Vacuum forming of polymer thermoplastic waste is a relatively inexpensive method. Rubber crumbs get from car tires, from waste paper - toilet paper, from polymers - pressed blocks, chipboard - from sawdust. Only 25% of valuable recyclables can be obtained from unseparated waste, so it is necessary to use modern waste sorting lines. Installations for sorting recyclable materials can be automated or manual. Plastic and paper are the best to use.

food waste — 25%;
cardboard and paper - 10%;
polymers - about 50%;
textiles, rubber, metal, etc. -15%.

Plastic packaging is the most difficult waste to recycle. Obtaining recycled crushed stone by recycling recyclable materials is very profitable.

Production goes through the following stages:

large parts are processed using a press;
then using a crusher they are crushed;
metal is selected with a powerful magnet;
Particles are sorted using a special storage device.

Organization of production and supply of raw materials

For production, a premises of about 600 m² is required. The warehouse must be at least 100 m². It will be possible to significantly save on the removal of raw materials if the recycling facility is located near residential buildings.

The area where a lot of old buildings are being demolished is suitable for recycling construction waste. To transport raw materials, you need to purchase a truck with compartments. Disposing of recyclable materials is a labor-intensive process.

About $300 per month must be paid to qualified workers. Up to 40 workers can be involved in such production.

The expensive process of creating a company for processing recyclable materials provides real income in the future if you approach this problem correctly.

The income of a waste processing enterprise depends on the scale of activity. You can recoup the initial investment in 1 year. Then the scope of your activities can be expanded.

Order a business plan

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Recycling waste as a business in Russia is a very profitable direction. First of all, because the garbage is simply lying around underfoot, and the raw materials for such a business are simply unlimited. The second plus is the support of such a business by local authorities, which will allow you to take out a loan or receive a grant in case of absence own funds. But there are also a few important nuances. In this article we will look at how to make waste recycling a profitable business.

What is considered the most profitable in the field of waste recycling?

Before opening a mini-factory or workshop, it is first advisable to decide on the raw materials with which you will work.

The most profitable options include:

Car tires

The most promising processing option is pyrolysis. This process consists of decomposing rubber into gases, carbons, metal cord (it can be sold to metallurgical enterprises), and synthetic oil. Each of the listed products is in demand on the market, with proper organization sales, you can quickly recoup the costs of opening an enterprise and make a good profit.

Construction garbage

It usually consists of wood, bricks, concrete, metal. When carrying out high-quality sorting, you can start recycling concrete, extracting metal particles from it. This will make it possible to obtain recycled crushed stone - the main market is construction organizations.

You can recycle broken glass: its sale is a very profitable business, since such a product is in demand in the production of ceramics, bricks, tiles, etc.

Used paper

The process of processing “wet” waste paper involves the creation of production, which consists of the following stages:

Dissolution of paper.
Removing fibers and unnecessary objects from it.
Heat treatment.
Fine cleaning.

Recycled paper can be reused into roofing materials, packaging board, toilet paper, etc.

What documents are needed to open a business?

Before you start opening your mini waste recycling plant, you should collect everything Required documents. First, contact the Ministry of Environment to obtain a license: to do this, you first need to undergo an examination and receive a positive conclusion. The cost of the document is about 5 thousand rubles.

In addition, you will need the following documents:

Permission from the SES.
Project with full description all technological “steps” in waste processing.

But in addition to the documents listed above, it is imperative to draw up a competent business plan, which will account for all expenses and describe the production process. A business plan is needed not only to receive funds from investors, but also for the business owner himself, because having one will allow you to accurately determine the start-up capital, possible expenses, etc.

We are drawing up a business plan for opening a waste processing workshop

Let's take a closer look at what must be included in a business plan - this will allow us to predict and avoid many of the problems that novice entrepreneurs face.

Document narrative

A mini-plant for waste processing is a profitable investment that will bring profit regardless of the economic situation in the country. Many countries, including Russia, are ready to purchase certain types of waste for their business.

Production part

In this paragraph, we necessarily describe the equipment that will be required for the work. These include:

Production line required for sorting raw materials.
Storage location for raw materials.
Press for processing it.

Many entrepreneurs immediately purchase imported equipment, but the products Russian production differ good characteristics, and the cost is an order of magnitude cheaper. The plan should also include the purchase or rental of trucks for transporting raw materials and marketing products.

The average expense at this stage is about $70 thousand. If you have additional funds, purchase a melting furnace, which you will definitely need at the waste processing stage.

Marketing part of the business plan

Beginning entrepreneurs very rarely pay attention to marketing when starting a business in the field of waste recycling, but it depends on it whether your business will be profitable. Only with a competent approach to analyzing competitors can you bypass them and take a leading position in this business. Therefore, be sure to study the market, which will allow you to determine the most profitable direction.

Financial part of the plan

Initial expenses will be in the amount of 80-100 thousand dollars, which already includes expenses for:

Preparation of all documentation.
Renting or purchasing premises.
Purchase of all machinery and equipment.
Purchase of raw materials for processing.
Remuneration of company employees.

Where can I get garbage for recycling?

As we have already said, the business in the field of waste recycling will always be popular, since tons of waste, both household and construction, are disposed of every day. Let's count:

On average, one trash can contains:

Polymers – about 50%.
Polyethylene - about 10%.
Food waste – 25%.
Paper, cardboard – 10%.
Metal, rubber, textiles - about 5%.

Approximately 60% of all of the above is suitable for further processing. True, in Russia, unlike European countries where separate waste collection is carried out, difficulties may arise with waste sorting. Therefore, you will either have to purchase equipment for processing raw materials, or use non-recycled waste - in this case, the return on business will be small, only about 25%.

It’s best to enter into an agreement with a landfill or collection point for containers (glass, plastic) - in this case there will be no problems with sorting.

Possible problems in this business

No matter what business you start, it can always entail the risk of not receiving part of the profit. To avoid this, you need to take into account every detail when drawing up a business plan. There are a few useful tips that will help you beat your competitors and become a successful entrepreneur:

Study and try to implement new technologies and equipment - this will allow you to stay ahead of your competitors at all stages.
Try to enter into agreements for the supply of raw materials with several suppliers so that there is no shortage of goods - otherwise you may have problems supplying finished goods to your customers.
Try not to overinflate your starting capital and expand only when absolutely necessary – don’t waste your money.

How to start and why is this business so popular? Read our material.

You will learn how to breed sheep and make this business as profitable as possible.

To open an enterprise for growing greens, read the article: tips on drawing up a business plan and selling goods.

Costs and profits - a few important numbers

In general, as the owners of such businesses note, the invested funds should pay off within 1.5-2 years. Agree, this is a pretty good period, and the raw materials for it will never run out, which is no less important. Taking into account the data of existing enterprises, several calculations can be made.

One shift on average processes about 3 tons of waste paper, about 12.-1.5 tons polymer waste, 250 kg plastic waste. A ton of raw materials costs from 9 to 50 thousand rubles, therefore, the profit of one enterprise per month will be from 150 thousand rubles. up to 3 million rubles (we provided calculations for a medium-sized enterprise).

According to our calculations, which we discussed above, the cost of starting a business is higher than the cost of opening a hairdresser or a small store, but at the same time the payback rate is impressive - it is difficult to find a niche in which you can return the money spent in just a year and a half.

In contact with

The country is now experiencing rapid growth megacities and cities, the number of inhabitants is increasing, and at the same time, waste per capita is increasing. It has been calculated how much garbage the average citizen throws out annually - up to 350 kg, while the share of household solid waste (MSW) is about 40%. This is the garbage that does not decompose, but accumulates for years in landfills.

Mountains household waste grow, polluting the environment, reducing areas for agricultural needs. In addition, fires and landslides often occur at landfills, and the number of rats and stray dogs increases. All this suggests that our country has a catastrophic shortage of waste processing plants.

Many entrepreneurs do not even suspect that this business is quite profitable, and a lot can be produced from recycled secondary raw materials. healthy products, For example:

In addition, there is quite a lot of scrap metal in landfills, not only steel, but also non-ferrous metals.

When organizing a waste recycling business, you can get state support in the form of a one-time cash grant, an interest-free loan for the purchase of equipment or a preferential tax period.

Basic methods of processing solid waste

The most common methods of solid waste disposal are the following:

burial at landfills;
natural decomposition;
thermal processing.

Today in Russia the first two methods predominate. Food waste is processed into compost, and non-degradable waste is taken to landfills.

All over the world there is a trend towards maximum recycling of all waste, this is what encourages manufacturers of machinery and equipment to create specialized mini-factories that have many advantages over landfills:

TV program “Business from scratch”

Equipment options

The equipment of mini-plants for waste sorting and recycling depends on the type of raw material:

household waste;
construction waste;
tires and rubber.

The most functional is the equipment for processing solid waste.

The waste incineration mini-plant MPZ-5000 from Sifania (Russia) can process up to 5,000 tons of waste per year. One such complex can serve a city area with a population of 25 thousand people. Its main purpose:

solid waste sorting;
crushing plastic bottles;
waste paper packaging;
There is a pyrolysis plant for burning non-degradable raw materials.

How much does this option cost? In the basic configuration – 10,000,000 rubles

There are more productive options that can process up to 10 tons per hour. At the same time, the sorting station is capable of separating 16 types of waste from the total volume of solid waste. This plant will employ up to 40 people. For example, a processing complex from the JSSORT company. It will require an area 80 m long and 40 m wide to accommodate it, and will accommodate up to 15 waste trucks per eight-hour shift.

How much does such a complex cost? The total cost of the equipment, including the construction of the workshop, will cost 30 million rubles.

The plant for processing rubber and tires into crumbs is also quite profitable business. The final product, granulated rubber powder, is widely used in the production of:

asphalt;
anti-corrosion mastics;
soundproofing materials;
road speed limiters;
products of the construction industry.

The capacity of such a plant is up to 3 tons per hour.

How much does this mini tire recycling plant cost? The price of imported equipment is 25,500,000 rubles.

Composition of the mini-plant and main technological stages

Processing plants have similar components, differing only in capacity and degree of automation. The processing conveyor includes the following modules:

To separate scrap metal, you can equip the receiving shop with a magnet - this will greatly facilitate the sorting process.

The mini-plant operates as follows:

Packaged secondary raw materials are ready for sale or further processing, if this is included in the plant’s business plan. You can supplement the line with equipment for granulating PET raw materials or a workshop for the production of toilet paper.

Business plan for organizing a waste recycling enterprise

Any business requires a financial plan, which will calculate the main capital investments, production costs, and profits.

The business plan for a mini-plant for processing solid waste, with a capacity of up to 10 tons of processed raw materials per hour, contains the following financial indicators:

The business plan includes calculation of sales turnover of secondary raw materials:

The preliminary plan drawn up shows quite good results. If you organize your own production of products from recycled materials, you can get double profits.

Video: Waste recycling plant

Modern problems associated with the processing of household waste in Russia are based on disabilities to return resources to natural and economic circulation. Running a business based on waste recycling is characterized by the rationality of investments with a high degree of payback and profitability. In addition, this business option does not require special knowledge.

Business relevance

According to the Ministry natural resources, average Russian family About 1.6 tons of household waste are thrown out annually, including more than 145 kg of plastic and almost 100 kg of paper waste, as well as almost a thousand glass bottles. All this garbage is a potential source of raw materials for production activities in the waste processing industry. Waste recycling as a business in Russia is one of the most profitable and promising due to the following circumstances:

the emergence of high-quality and affordable domestic equipment that allows you to process household waste in small production areas;
annual expansion of the sales market.

In addition, the Ministry of Natural Resources plans to prohibit incineration of waste that may be suitable for further processing. Like any business, waste recycling requires initial financial investments and registration of all necessary title and permitting documentation.

Preparation of a package of documents

First and most important document The way to engage in waste recycling as a business is to obtain a license from the Ministry of Environment. This document must be obtained once. The received license is valid for the entire duration of implementation entrepreneurial activity. Obtaining a license is quite simple. It is enough to register as or with simplified system taxation and organize an environmental assessment, which issues a conclusion.

Next, a package of documents is collected, including title and project documentation for the premises used, as well as a business plan for waste processing, with a description of the production technology and permission from the fire inspectorate, SES, water and utilities. The process of collecting and confirming the entire package of documents takes about three months.

It is worth noting that a fairly convenient option is to order turnkey licensing. Firms involved in the preparation of such documentation work with both legal and individuals with individual entrepreneur status. The cost of such a service depends on the type of solid waste processed and the volume of production.

Of greatest interest is a mini-plant for waste processing based on crushing and sorting equipment, a business plan for the use of which is developed according to a standard scheme. The highest profitability is shown by a plant with a Russort production line, with a productivity of 10 tons and a power of 100 kW per hour.

Production premises and personnel

Construction of the plant requires the use of relatively level land plot, the dimensions of which range from 55 by 30 to 80 by 40 meters. The location of production lines may vary depending on the type of access roads. The building must include a sorting room with an area of about 10 by 7 meters. The plant area must be landscaped using road slabs and equipped with a protective net to prevent debris from flying away.

The standard staff of the main personnel, in addition to the manager, foreman and mechanic, includes a team of workers consisting of:

sorting line operators;
press line operators;
hydraulic manipulator operators;
drivers.

Five-day work week- 8 hour shift:

number of workers - 21 people, including foreman and mechanic;
processing volume per shift - 80 tons of solid waste;
the volume of processing per year is 19 thousand tons of solid waste.

Five-day work week - 2 shifts of 12 hours:

number of workers - 40 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
processing volume per shift - 115 tons of solid waste;
the volume of processing per year is 39 thousand tons of solid waste.

Seven-day work week - 24-hour operation:

number of workers - 80 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
processing volume per shift - 230 tons of solid waste;
the volume of processing per year is 80 thousand tons of solid waste.

The work is carried out in four shifts, each with 19 workers, a mechanic and a foreman.

Equipment selection

Modern standards and requirements require equipping the complex with the following equipment:

press for recyclable materials and “tailings”;
hydraulic manipulator;
container capacity of 15 cubic meters for broken glass;
feeding and sorting conveyors;
a basket for secondary raw materials with a volume of 8 cubic meters;
hydraulic stacker and trolley with scales;
sorting cabin for 168 square meters with twenty working sorting posts for sixteen types of waste;
KAMAZ-multilift.

In addition, the area of the frameless hangar should be about 430 square meters, including household compartments with changing rooms, showers and toilets, a manager’s room and a relaxation area for service personnel, as well as an individual boiler room.

Process technology

The technology used in solid waste processing plants may vary depending on the equipment and the final destination of the raw materials, but the main processes are standard and consist of the following steps:

unloading garbage trucks at the unloading site;
loading of waste mass onto the feed inclined conveyor belt using a hydraulic petal gripper of a hydraulic manipulator;
lifting waste by the feed conveyor onto the sorting conveyor belt;
manual sorting of waste with the selection of useful fractions that accumulate in special baskets;
unloading the remaining mass into the press compactor, which is located near the end of the plant;
compaction of waste into press containers;
pressing of recyclable materials into special bales, ready for shipment to consumers.

Income/expenses and profitability

Starting investments:

the cost of the mini-plant is 30 million rubles.

Economic indicators:

annual volume of solid waste - 33 thousand tons;
the annual volume of sorted recyclables is 5 thousand tons;
capital investments for the acquisition of the plant - 30 million rubles;
annual depreciation rate of fixed assets - 3 million rubles;
annual diesel costs - 356 thousand rubles;
annual transportation costs - 8.3 thousand rubles;
annual equipment maintenance costs - 81 thousand rubles;
annual costs for equipment repairs - 150 thousand rubles;
annual payment for electricity - 650 thousand rubles;
annual volume wages— 3.85 million rubles;
annual payroll taxes - 1.1 million rubles;
expenses for workwear - 48 thousand rubles.

Total expenses: 9.2 million rubles. in year.

maximum consumption of secondary raw materials per ton is 1.8 thousand rubles;
annual sales volumes of secondary raw materials, including VAT - 17 million rubles;
profit before taxes - 8 million rubles;
VAT -1.4 million rubles;

Income: 6 million rubles.

The estimated payback period is about three years.

Mini-plants for processing solid waste are classified as prefabricated, and the average construction time is about three months. A high-quality and reliable line for such an enterprise can be purchased for an amount of 30 million rubles, and inexpensive and modern construction solutions make it possible to minimize start-up costs.

The productivity of such production under standard conditions is about one hundred tons per shift, which is comparable in volume to twelve KAMAZ trucks of waste. With such indicators, the payback threshold does not exceed four years.

One day, a wise man financial sector said that money can be obtained from everything, even from those things that lie under our feet.

As practice has shown, he was right, since waste recycling is a very profitable business if you look at it in more detail. Main factor the relevance of this business lies in all its aspects, ranging from positive influences on the environment and ending with making big profits.

The essence of the waste recycling business

There is virtually no competition in the waste recycling market. The positive advantages in this area are that local authorities talk a lot about waste recycling, but they do practically nothing about it, but at the same time, they are under pressure from higher authorities. As a rule, the waste recycling industry is practically not funded, so the local administration always supports such ideas, helps to find industrial premises and provides financial support.

The volumes of production raw materials are not limited. Analytical data from experts suggests that on average a person throws out up to 250 kilograms of garbage per year, with 25% being food waste, 15% being paper, and the remaining waste consisting of metal, textiles, rubber, plastic and other valuable materials for industry. materials.

It is possible to create a waste processing plant, but it is an expensive and labor-intensive process. According to experts, investments in such a processing industry range from several tens of millions to hundreds of millions of rubles. It’s a completely different matter if you take as a basis not a plant, but a workshop.

In this case, investments will be an order of magnitude smaller and amount to about 1,800,000 rubles, and the profit will be no less than when creating an entire plant. It is worth noting that the standard waste disposal scheme is not at all environmentally friendly and poses some danger to the environment, since during disposal there is an accumulation of gases from rotting or combustion. This trend leads to the fact that the authorities have a positive attitude towards any ideas for processing food and household waste from the population and enterprises.

Despite many positive factors, this business has disadvantages. Entrepreneurs starting to engage in recycling are faced with problems such as delivery and sorting of waste, but even here the right approach an adequate solution can be found.

Obtaining permission to create a waste processing workshop

When organizing a waste recycling business, there are many common points, as well as a scheme for obtaining permission to operate that is identical to many CIS countries. In the process of creating a business, you must obtain a license to collect solid household waste and process it. The procedure for obtaining it is quite simple. The head of the future organization is required to organize an environmental assessment, through which a conclusion is issued once and for all.

Having received the expert opinion, the manager is required to collect all documentation, certificates, design documents for the premises, documents describing the production technology, and also obtain permits from fire departments and other authorities. In addition, you will need to obtain permission to generate solid waste on the territory of your future enterprise. Collecting and confirming documentation takes 2-4 months of work, as well as up to 24,000 rubles.

Industrial premises for business

The second most important step is to find a room. Average area waste processing facilities should be at least 600 square meters, where 300-400 sq.m. – these are processing shops, and 100-200 sq.m. – warehouses. In addition to industrial buildings and structures, it is necessary to acquire administrative premises, which can be rented both on the premises of the workshop and separately. Each of the premises should be equipped in accordance with regulatory standards and requirements, in accordance with fire and sanitary safety. This procedure requires from 6,000 to 9,000 rubles.

Recycling waste does not require the manager to search for a specific location, but if you locate the workshops near the city landfill, then you will be able to save not only on the delivery of raw materials, but also on renting premises.

Waste sorting equipment

When purchasing equipment, you should pay attention that its cost is from 1,500,000 rubles. The most minimal equipment includes a sorting line, a storage hopper, a crusher, a magnet and a press. As additional equipment To sort waste, you can purchase a melting furnace, which significantly increases the cost of the project. The most popular equipment, due to its availability and functionality, is created by domestic manufacturers.

Workers and staff

The essence of the household waste recycling business is that 50% of it consists of manual labor. The process of sorting, selection, calibration and many other production stages occurs through the work of employees. As a rule, they work in shifts of 10-15 people. The average number of such workers varies from 20 to 40 depending on the volume of business. In addition to production workers, do not forget that for the quality functioning of your enterprise you will need an accountant, driver, manager and cleaner.

Supply of raw materials

To ensure that your enterprise is always provided with a supply of waste, the easiest way is to enter into an agreement with the management of local landfills. This procedure does not cause any problems if there is permission to collect and process solid waste. In addition, you can enter into agreements with representatives of collection points for containers and plastic waste. Thus, recycling waste will not cause any problems, since ready-made and sorted waste can be obtained at a price of 1 to 5 rubles per kilogram. Everything will largely depend on the specifics of your future workshop. Among other things, local supermarkets, which have large volumes of cardboard and plastic boxes, as well as film, stretch and paper, can become reliable suppliers of raw materials.

Financial plan

Having considered all the main aspects associated with opening a waste processing plant, it is advisable to move on to figures that will fully show the profitability of this business. Based on practice, existing enterprises, whose main task is recycling and sorting waste, are capable of processing from 3 to 5 tons of waste paper, up to 1.5 tons of polymer raw materials, as well as up to 250 kilograms of plastic containers during one shift.

Price of one ton of pressed raw materials various types, varies on the market from 9,000 to 45,000 rubles. The average monthly profit of such an enterprise from the sale of pressed recycled materials ranges from 150,000 to 3,300,000 rubles, which fully justifies the profitability indicators in this segment, which are about 50%.

Thus, the business of collecting and processing waste waste is highly relevant for implementation. Naturally, the initial investment is significantly higher than that of hairdressers and flower shops, but the profits made are worth giving it a try.