Alla Dudayeva married her double. Widow of Dzhokhar Dudayev: The Ukrainian people remind me of the Chechen people in their spirit

Widow of the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Dzhokhar Dudayev.

Alla Dudayeva (née Alevtina Fedorovna Kulikova) is the widow of the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Dzhokhar Dudayev.

Daughter Soviet officer, former commandant of Wrangel Island (not related to General Kulikov)).

Born in 1947 in the Kolomensky district of the Moscow region. Graduated from the art and graphic department of the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute. In 1967 she became the wife of Air Force officer Dzhokhar Dudayev. She gave birth to two sons - Avlur and Degi - and a daughter, Dana.

After the death of her husband, on May 25, 1996, she tried to leave Chechnya and fly to Turkey, but she was detained at Nalchik airport. She was interrogated by “a specially arrived young officer who introduced himself as Colonel Alexander Volkov” and whom she later recognized after seeing Alexander Litvinenko on TV (according to the testimony of Akhmed Zakaev in the Litvinenko murder case, he also confirmed that he interrogated Alla Dudayeva under the name Volkov). On May 28, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, meeting in the Kremlin with the leaders of the Chechen separatists, promised them to release Alla Dudayeva. After her release, she returned to Chechnya and from 1996 to 1999 collaborated with the Ministry of Culture of the ChRI.

In October 1999, she left Chechnya with her children (by that time already adults). She lived in Baku, from 2002 with her daughter in Istanbul, then in Vilnius (the son of Alla and Dzhokhar Dudayev, Avlur, received Lithuanian citizenship and a passport in the name of Oleg Davydov; Alla herself only had a residence permit). In 2003 and 2006 she tried to obtain Estonian citizenship, where in 1987-1990 she lived with her husband, who was the commander of a heavy bomber division and the head of the garrison in Tartu, but she was refused both times.

The reason why I took it on was because there was a dispute about it between me and my brother...

Question No. 1: Was it bombed in Afghanistan?

What did Dudayev himself say?

Journalist: Is it true that when you were still a general in the Soviet army, you took part in the war in Afghanistan?
Dzhokhar Dudayev: In the territory I have never been to Afghanistan. I was sent to Turkmenistan, where the aviation group, among other things, sent one of the units of my division there too. But the horror that I saw there - moral decay, lack of security, flaunting... During the month and a half that I was there, I was dealing with the issues of bringing these “warriors” to their senses and preparing the base to make these decayed military personnel at least ordinary people.

I assess this as avoiding a direct answer: I wasn’t on the territory itself, but I could have been in the sky.

For some reason, Wikipedia says that he denied it....

What do they say in Russia?

Speaker: Colonel Dzhokhar Dudayev himself piloted the Tu-22M3 - the most modern and powerful bomber of that time. At the end of the war the blows Soviet aviation were especially cruel - the so-called carpet bombings. Never and nowhere after serving in the Soviet army did Dudayev admit that he bombed Afghanistan. However, in Dudayev’s personal file at the Air Force headquarters, this copy of the award sheet is still kept:

"Extract from the award list.
From 1988 to 1989, Colonel Dudayev Dzhokhar Musaevich took an active part in the development of combat operations to carry out bombing attacks on rebel targets, and the introduction of new tactical methods of combat operations in the mountainous terrain of the Republic of Afghanistan. He personally carried out 3 combat missions to the areas of Gardez, Ghazni and Jalalabad. The air group led by him completed 591 sorties. 1160 FAB 3000 and 56 FAB 1500 were dropped on the headquarters of the Islamic rebel committee, manpower and other objects. For courage and heroism, skillful leadership of the operational group, Dzhokhar Musaevich Dudayev deserves to be awarded the Order of the Red Banner.”

Pavel Grachev, ex-Minister of Defense: He did a pretty good job of bombing his Muslim brothers in Afghanistan with his long-range aircraft.
Journalist: But at the same time, they say that he flew himself. Is this true or not?
Grachev: I flew myself, I flew myself.
Journalist: Is this guaranteed?
Grachev(smiling): Well, “guaranteed”, I met him there. "Guaranteed." He hit me on my tip. How did he fly? Long-range aviation They sent me out, and my air controllers directed me to certain targets.
Journalist: You mean, was he at the helm?
Grachev: Well, of course, he was in charge of the whole thing.

For the video material and transcripts I express my deep gratitude to sister “Zulikhan”

There is also a version that Dudayev warned the Afghans about upcoming flights, which gave them the opportunity to minimize their losses

I don't know who he is" Jalaladdin Mokkamal (field commander largest group Mujahideen in the Panjshir Gorge)" and how much you can trust his testimony, but I think that all the same, Dudayev took part in air strikes in Afghanistan. And I think I was ashamed of it: It was not for nothing that he avoided a direct answer...

I’m not making excuses, but I remind you that, for example, Khamazat Chumakov from 1984 to 1986 also served “in the Limited contingent of Soviet troops in the Republic of Afghanistan.”
By the way, it is well known that Ruslan Aushev also served there....

He also told his brother about Maskhadov’s service in Afghanistan. I was wrong: he didn’t serve there

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Question 2: The story of three prayers instead of five

Everyone knows about this story. They talk about her constantly. Despite the fact that I, for example, was unable to find any documentary evidence of such appalling ignorance.
The only thing I found noteworthy was this testimony Maryam Vakhidova, who in her interview with Moskovsky Komsomolets published in No. 102 of November 21, 1998, said the following: “Once he came to Vedeno to visit holy places. A spontaneous rally gathered. He said: “Why are you all holding a rally? Go and pray three times a day.” From his retinue they tell him: “Dzhokhar, you need to pray five times a day!” - “Well, even better! Pray five times, at least you’ll be busy.”

Despite the fact that this interview of hers seems very plausible to me ( I recommend reading it), I question this statement of hers.

Firstly, because in her words there is no indication that she HERSELF was an eyewitness to this episode. And, as I understand it, she simply conveyed this story in the same way as erased and thousands of people passed it on after her, without verifying it.

Secondly, Dudayev in 1992 committed I'll die(on the Internet, it is said about Hajj, which is not correct) and he was seen performing namaz in it. And I can’t wrap my head around the possibility that a person who performed Umrah may not know the number of obligatory prayers in Islam. Does anyone have it?

Third, Alla Dudaeva, Dzhokhar’s wife, gave an interview to Komsomolskaya Pravda, published on August 9 2004. In it, journalist Galina SAPOZHNIKOVA, among other things, said: " ...But your family was secular! For some reason I don't believe that Soviet times you read the Koran and sacredly observed all its canons."

Alla replied: "- No, of course! Dzhokhar at that time(Y.R. - Soviet)I didn’t pray, except sometimes, before a difficult flight, but I did it silently. As a rule, only old people prayed then. But when the war began, everyone began to pray ".

The result is this: even imagine the veracity of the fact that Dzhokhar Dudayev, rahimahullah, once said what Maryam Vakhidova mentioned, then this was corrected by him in Mecca and with the beginning of the war.

By the way, at his inauguration, held on November 9, 1991, President of Ichkeria said: “I undertake to follow this path in the path of Allah... If I do not keep my obligations, then may the curse of Allah and the people fall on me.”

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Question 3: Is Dudayev alive?

Akhmirova Rimma interviewed Alla Dudayeva on December 12, 2006.
Allah is in itsaid :

Several years ago, one metropolitan journalist wrote that he came to Istanbul on the instructions of the then little-known deputy Mitrofanov. In Istanbul, he found traces of our stay with Dzhokhar in the apartment from which we had just left - “syringes and bloody bandages.” The neighbors, as the newly minted Sherlock Holmes claimed, immediately “recognized” Dzhokhar from the photograph. It was as if I was carrying him in a wheelchair. As proof, the article was accompanied by an old photograph of Dzhokhar sitting in his office in the presidential palace, published back in 1996 in the magazine “Chechen Phenomenon”. But without the mustache - the picture was processed on a computer to pass it off as from Istanbul!

Question 4: Dudayev the millionaire

In certain circles there is a lot of talk about the fact that he stole millions during his presidency.

In 2004 Journalist Galina SAPOZHNIKOVA, visiting Alla Dudayeva in Istanbul, described her life like this:"15 people live in the apartment they rent. Alla Dudayeva herself, her daughter with her husband and three children, two children of her eldest son, who divorced his wife (according to Chechen tradition, the children in this case go to the father. - Ed.), plus several more relatives. “The Commune,” the president’s widow smiles embarrassedly, explaining her categorical refusal to invite him to a cup of tea. The official motivation sounds beautiful: they say that some of the people living with them physically cannot hear Russian speech after what was done to their relatives in Chechnya. But it seems to me that the truth is different: Alla Dudayeva is embarrassed by the current state of her affairs, because, contrary to all Muslim customs, she acts as a breadwinner. The whole family lives on the money raised from the sale of her paintings, which, after the Turkish default, brings almost no income. She has to write books on her knees, in the room she shares with her grandchildren, and paintings on the balcony. In summer. When winter comes, she has absolutely nowhere to create. Another problem is the Muslim religion, which does not allow painting faces, and portraits are the artist Dudayeva’s favorite genre. She had to switch to landscapes. The publication of the book yielded small fees - it was published in Baku, Moscow, Istanbul and Tallinn, but this is not much, it turns out to be about a dollar per copy. “The main thing is that they read it!” - Alla Dudayeva rejoices like a child...".

And so, in general, until now. None of the president’s children have ever lived the carefree life of the “golden youth.” Everyone had a thorny one life path...Where did the “looted” millions go?

By the way, it is noteworthy that his son was a direct participant in the hostilities. He was surrounded and his family assumed for about 10 days that he had been killed.

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Question 5: Is Dudayev’s wife a Muslim?

Alla gave an interview to Novye Izvestia (published on the website on April 20, 2012)

Journalist Said BITSOE asked her a question:

- You wear a scarf on your head. Is this a tribute to the Chechen tradition, or have you converted to Islam?

She answered: - This is truly our tradition. AI accepted Islam since I married Dzhokhar Dudayev . Most people know nothing about Islam, and that is why they have such a negative attitude towards it. But once you start reading the Koran, you realize that this is a very unifying religion. Prophet Muhammad continues the mission of the prophet Jesus and Moses, calls Christians and Jews “people of the Book” and condemns only “infidels.” That is, people who do not believe in God.

Obviously there are problems with words" condemns only “infidels”", since, I think, it divides between the infidels, who do not believe in God, and the "people of the Book", without uniting them on unbelief. But this idea, unfortunately, is very widespread in the ummah itself.

Maryam Vakhitova in the above-mentioned interview with Mokovsky Komsomolets, she described the general’s wife as follows: “Alla has fully accepted Chechen customs: she wears a headscarf, observes etiquette, she has Chechen cuisine at home. Her paintings are dedicated to scenes from Chechen history”...

I’ll also add on my own that when Alla lived in Turkey, she refrained from painting pictures with living creatures (see report Galina Sapozhnikova called " Dudayev's widow huddles in a communal apartment and sells paintings..." published on the website"Komsomolskaya Pravda" dated August 9 2004). During his work in Georgia she began drawing portraits (see her interview with Novye Izvestia; published on the website on April 20, 2012)

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PS: In an interview given to "Caucasus. Realities" on November 9, 2016, Alla Dudaeva she said about her husband: “He wanted to become the first Chechen general specifically for his people. He said that, like a bull, he had to break through this barrier. It would be easier for others. When he saw that the people responded to him with firm love, his love intensified.”

(1947-08-10 ) (72 years old) Citizenship:

USSR USSR (1947-1991)
Russia Russia (de facto until 2004)
Chechnya (unrecognized)
Stateless (de facto since 2004)

K:Wikipedia:Articles without images (type: not specified)

Alla Fedorovna Dudaeva(born Alevtina Fedorovna Kulikova, genus. March 24, 1947, Moscow region) - widow of Dzhokhar Dudayev, artist, writer, TV presenter, member since 2009. Currently granted asylum in Sweden.

Biography

In October 1999, she left Chechnya with her children (by that time already adults). She lived in Baku, from 2002 with her daughter in Istanbul, then in Vilnius (the son of Alla and Dzhokhar Dudayev - Avlur - received Lithuanian citizenship and a passport in the name of Oleg Davydov; Alla herself only had a residence permit). In 2006, she tried to obtain Estonian citizenship (where in the 1990s she lived with her husband, who at that time commanded a heavy bomber division and was the head of the Tartu garrison), but both times she was refused.

Activity

Alla Dudayeva is the author of memoirs about her husband and a number of books published in Lithuania, Estonia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and France. . He has been a member of the Presidium of the Government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria since 2009.

All her life Alla Dudayeva writes poetry and draws pictures.

Until October 20, 2012, she worked on the Georgian Russian-language TV channel “First Caucasian” (hosted the program “Caucasian Portrait”).

Alla Dudayeva's paintings were exhibited in different countries ah peace.

Bibliography

Translations into foreign languages

• Milyon birinci(The first million) “Şule Yayınları”, 448 pp. 2003 ISBN 9756446080 (Turkish)
• Le loup tchétchène: ma vie avec Djokhar Doudaïev(Chechen Wolf: my life with Dzhokhar Dudayev) “Maren Sell” 398 pp. 2005 ISBN 2-35004-013-5 (French)

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing Dudayev, Alla Fedorovna

Again, but very close this time, something whistled, like a bird flying from top to bottom, a fire flashed in the middle of the street, something fired and covered the street with smoke.
- Villain, why are you doing this? – the owner shouted, running up to the cook.
At the same moment with different sides The women howled pitifully, the child began to cry in fear, and people with pale faces silently crowded around the cook. From this crowd, the cook’s moans and sentences were heard most loudly:
- Oh oh oh, my darlings! My little darlings are white! Don't let me die! My white darlings!..
Five minutes later there was no one left on the street. The cook, with her thigh broken by a grenade fragment, was carried into the kitchen. Alpatych, his coachman, Ferapontov’s wife and children, and the janitor sat in the basement, listening. The roar of guns, the whistling of shells and the pitiful moan of the cook, which dominated all sounds, did not cease for a moment. The hostess either rocked and coaxed the child, or in a pitiful whisper asked everyone who entered the basement where her owner, who remained on the street, was. The shopkeeper who entered the basement told her that the owner had gone with the people to the cathedral, where they were raising the Smolensk miraculous icon.
By dusk the cannonade began to subside. Alpatych came out of the basement and stopped at the door. Before clear evening her sky was all covered with smoke. And through this smoke the young, high-standing crescent of the month strangely shone. After the previous terrible roar of guns had ceased, there seemed silence over the city, interrupted only by the rustling of footsteps, groans, distant screams and the crackle of fires that seemed to be widespread throughout the city. The cook's moans had now died down. Black clouds of smoke from the fires rose and dispersed from both sides. On the street, not in rows, but like ants from a ruined hummock, in different uniforms and different directions, soldiers passed and ran. In Alpatych’s eyes, several of them ran into Ferapontov’s yard. Alpatych went to the gate. Some regiment, crowded and in a hurry, blocked the street, walking back.
“They are surrendering the city, leave, leave,” the officer who noticed his figure told him and immediately shouted to the soldiers:
– I’ll let you run around the yards! - he shouted.
Alpatych returned to the hut and, calling the coachman, ordered him to leave. Following Alpatych and the coachman, all of Ferapontov’s household came out. Seeing the smoke and even the fires of the fires, now visible in the beginning twilight, the women, who had been silent until then, suddenly began to cry out, looking at the fires. As if echoing them, the same cries were heard at other ends of the street. Alpatych and his coachman, with shaking hands, straightened the tangled reins and lines of the horses under the canopy.
When Alpatych was leaving the gate, he saw about ten soldiers in Ferapontov’s open shop, talking loudly, filling bags and backpacks with wheat flour and sunflowers. At the same time, Ferapontov entered the shop, returning from the street. Seeing the soldiers, he wanted to shout something, but suddenly stopped and, clutching his hair, laughed a sobbing laugh.
- Get everything, guys! Don't let the devils get you! - he shouted, grabbing the bags himself and throwing them into the street. Some soldiers, frightened, ran out, some continued to pour in. Seeing Alpatych, Ferapontov turned to him.
– I’ve made up my mind! Race! - he shouted. - Alpatych! I've decided! I'll light it myself. I decided... - Ferapontov ran into the yard.
Soldiers were constantly walking along the street, blocking it all, so that Alpatych could not pass and had to wait. The owner Ferapontova and her children were also sitting on the cart, waiting to be able to leave.
It was already quite night. There were stars in the sky and the young moon, occasionally obscured by smoke, shone. On the descent to the Dnieper, Alpatych's carts and their mistresses, moving slowly in the ranks of soldiers and other crews, had to stop. Not far from the intersection where the carts stopped, in an alley, a house and shops were burning. The fire had already burned out. The flame either died down and was lost in the black smoke, then suddenly flared up brightly, strangely clearly illuminating the faces of the crowded people standing at the crossroads. Black figures of people flashed in front of the fire, and from behind the incessant crackling of the fire, talking and screams were heard. Alpatych, who got off the cart, seeing that the cart would not let him through soon, turned into the alley to look at the fire. The soldiers were constantly snooping back and forth past the fire, and Alpatych saw two soldiers and with them some man in a frieze overcoat being dragged out of the fire across the street to neighboring yard burning logs; others carried armfuls of hay.
Alpatych approached a large crowd of people standing in front of a tall barn that was burning with full fire. The walls were all on fire, the back one had collapsed, the plank roof had collapsed, the beams were on fire. Obviously, the crowd was waiting for the moment when the roof would collapse. Alpatych expected this too.
- Alpatych! – suddenly a familiar voice called out to the old man.
“Father, your Excellency,” answered Alpatych, instantly recognizing the voice of his young prince.
Prince Andrei, in a cloak, riding a black horse, stood behind the crowd and looked at Alpatych.
- How are you here? - he asked.
“Your... your Excellency,” said Alpatych and began to sob... “Yours, yours... or are we already lost?” Father…
- How are you here? – repeated Prince Andrei.
The flame flared up brightly at that moment and illuminated for Alpatych the pale and exhausted face of his young master. Alpatych told how he was sent and how he could forcefully leave.
- What, your Excellency, or are we lost? – he asked again.
Prince Andrei, without answering, took out notebook and, raising his knee, began to write with a pencil on a torn sheet. He wrote to his sister:
“Smolensk is being surrendered,” he wrote, “Bald Mountains will be occupied by the enemy in a week. Leave now for Moscow. Answer me immediately when you leave, sending a messenger to Usvyazh.”
Having written and given the piece of paper to Alpatych, he verbally told him how to manage the departure of the prince, princess and son with the teacher and how and where to answer him immediately. Before he had time to finish these orders, the chief of staff on horseback, accompanied by his retinue, galloped up to him.
-Are you a colonel? - shouted the chief of staff, with a German accent, in a voice familiar to Prince Andrei. - They light houses in your presence, and you stand? What does this mean? “You will answer,” shouted Berg, who was now the assistant chief of staff of the left flank of the infantry forces of the First Army, “the place is very pleasant and in plain sight, as Berg said.”
Prince Andrei looked at him and, without answering, continued, turning to Alpatych:
“So tell me that I’m waiting for an answer by the tenth, and if I don’t receive news on the tenth that everyone has left, I myself will have to drop everything and go to Bald Mountains.”
“I, Prince, say this only because,” said Berg, recognizing Prince Andrei, “that I must carry out orders, because I always carry out them exactly... Please forgive me,” Berg made some excuses.

The biography of Dzhokhar Dudayev was extremely eventful, and the men still remember the quotes and statements. The leader's personality is contradictory; some call him a hero, while others call him a terrorist.

Childhood and youth

Dzhokhar Musaevich Dudayev was born in the village of Yalkhoroi, Galanchozhsky district, USSR, today an abandoned place. The boy was the 13th child of Musa and Rabiat Dudayev. Dzhokhar had 3 brothers and 3 sisters, as well as 4 half-brothers and 2 sisters, who were his father’s children from a previous marriage. The boy's father was a veterinarian.

Exact date Dzhokhar’s birth is unknown because all documents were lost during the deportation, and due to the large number of children, the parents could not remember all the dates. According to one version, Dzhokhar was born on February 15, 1944, but some sources suggest that he could have been born in 1943.

8 days after the birth of the boy, the Dudayev family was deported to the Pavlodar region of the Kazakh SSR during the mass resettlement of Chechens and Ingush.

The death of his father had a strong impact on the personality of the six-year-old boy. Dzhokhar's brothers and sisters studied poorly and often skipped school, but the boy tried to study and was even elected class leader. Through a short time The Dudayev family was transported to Shymkent (now Shymkent), where Dzhokhar studied until the 6th grade.

And in 1957, the family returned to their native land and settled in Grozny. Graduated 2 years later high school No. 45, and then began working as an electrician at SMU-5. Dzhokhar simultaneously studied in the 10th grade of evening school No. 55, from which he graduated a year later.

In 1960 he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute. After finishing the 1st year, secretly from his mother, he went to Tambov, where he attended a course of lectures on specialized training and entered the Tambov VVAUL named after M. M. Raskova. Due to the fact that Chechens were secretly equated with enemies, upon admission to educational institution Dzhokhar lied that he was Ossetian. But, receiving a diploma with honors, Dudayev insisted that his real nationality be included in his personal file.

Career

Dzhokhar Dudayev served in command positions in Air Force combat units since 1962. After graduating from college in 1966, Dzhokhar was sent to Shaikov airfield Kaluga region, where a man filled a vacancy as an assistant commander of an airship.

In 1968 he joined the ranks Communist Party, and in 1971 he entered the command department of the Yu. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy, graduating from the educational institution in 1974. In parallel with his training, since 1979 he served in the 1225th heavy bomber air regiment. There, in the future, he will first hold the position of deputy commander of an air regiment, after the chief of staff, detachment commander and subsequently regiment commander.

In 1982 he was appointed chief of staff, and from 1985 to 1989 he was transferred to the same position in Poltava (Ukraine). According to his colleagues at the time, Dzhokhar was an emotional, but at the same time honest and decent person. Then the man had convinced communist views.

General Dzhokhar Dudayev

In 1988, a combat mission was made to the western region of Afghanistan on board a bomber. He introduced the technique of carpet bombing enemy positions. But Dzhokhar denied the fact active participation in military operations against Islamists. Dzhokhar was awarded the rank of Major General in 1989.

After the events in Vilnius, Dudayev made a statement on Estonian radio. He noted that if Soviet troops will be sent to Estonia, he will not allow them through the airspace.

As he recalls, in January 1991, when he visited Tallinn, Dzhokhar provided him with his own car. On it, Boris Yeltsin returned to Leningrad.

On October 27, 1991, Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Even after receiving this position, the man continued to appear in public in military uniform.

Dudayev’s first instruction was the declaration of independence from the Russian Federation, which was not recognized by foreign states and Russian authorities. In November of the same year, the National Guard was created, and in mid-December the free carrying of weapons was allowed.

In March of the following year, the Constitution of the Chechen Republic was adopted, in which the state was declared independent. In April 1993, direct presidential rule and a curfew were introduced in Chechnya.

Chechen War

Based on the decree of Russian President Boris Yeltsin on December 11, 1994 Russian troops entered the territory of Chechnya. This is how the First Chechen War began.

Based on Russian sources, under the command of Dudayev, among other things, there were 15 thousand soldiers, 42 tanks, 66 infantry fighting vehicles and armored vehicles, as well as 40 anti-aircraft systems. On the aviation side, there were 260 training aircraft, and the FSB’s advance was accompanied by serious resistance.

By the beginning of 1995, after terrible bloody battles, the Russian army established control over the city of Grozny and continued to advance to the south of the republic. Dudayev was hiding in the mountains, constantly changing his location.

Personal life

At the time when Dzhokhar Dudayev met Alevtina (Alla) Fedorovna Kulikova, he was an Air Force lieutenant. The acquaintance took place in the Kaluga region, in the military town of Shaikovka.

In 1969, Dzhokhar married Alevtina, three children were born into the family: two sons - Avlur, born on December 24, 1969, and Degi - born on May 25, 1983, as well as a daughter, Danu, born in 1973. According to information as of 2006, Dzhokhar has 5 grandchildren.

His wife shared garrison life with Dzhokhar and went with him all the way: from lieutenant to general. Despite all the difficulties, in her personal life Alla Dudayeva constantly supported her husband, staying with him until the most ill-fated moment.

Death

From the beginning of the First Chechen war Russian special services were hunting for Dudayev. Three attempts on Dudayev's life ended in failure. The first attempt was made by a sniper, but he missed. The second murder attempt occurred on May 24, 1994; it was decided to blow up Dzhokhar’s car. But then the Mercedes that Dudayev was driving was thrown several meters and overturned. Neither the man nor his guards were injured.

The third case is an attempt to destroy the leader’s house using aviation. A radio beacon was placed in the building. It must be said that Dudayev was always famous for the instinct of the beast: he left the house with all the security 5 minutes before the release of an aircraft missile.

On April 21, 1996, Russian special services detected a signal from Dudayev’s satellite phone in the area of ​​the village of Gekhi-chu, 30 km from Grozny. In this regard, Su-25 attack aircraft with homing missiles were launched into the air.

Presumably, Dudayev was destroyed by a missile strike; this happened directly during a telephone conversation with State Duma deputy Konstantin Borov. Borovoy himself is not sure that Dudayev was eliminated precisely during the conversation. According to some reports, Dzhokhar was going to speak with the representative of Morocco, Hassan II. The man called him a possible candidate for mediation in negotiations with the Kremlin.

Documentary film “Illusion” about Dzhokhar Dudayev

After this incident, there were many rumors that Dzhokhar Dudayev was alive. Some politicians said that the man was hiding in Istanbul. But the final point in this story was the footage dated April 23, 1996. In the early 2000s, Vesti journalists presented to the public a photo of a dead, burned Dudayev.

In one of the interviews he admitted that he loved and respected Dzhokhar Dudayev. The people strongly supported the leader, otherwise people would not have followed him.

Dzhokhar Dudayev received several awards: 2 orders and 4 medals.

The location of Dudayev's grave is unknown.

Memory

• The first memorial plaque in memory of Dzhokhar Dudayev was unveiled on July 20, 1997 in the city of Tartu (Estonia) on the wall of the Barclay Hotel. The inscription on it reads: “The first president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, General Dzhokhar Dudayev, worked in this house in 1987-1991.”
• On September 20, 2007, a plaque was opened in Poltava at house number 6 on Nikitchenko Street.
• Square named after Dzhokhar Dudayev in Vilnius - in September 1998, a stone monument was unveiled in the park named after Dzhokhar Dudayev, which is located in the Vilnius microdistrict Žvėrynas. It contains lines from the poet Sigitas Gyada dedicated to Dudayev.

The inscription in Lithuanian reads:

“Oh, son! If you wait until the next century, and, stopping in the high Caucasus, look around: do not forget that here too there were men who raised the people and came out to freedom to defend the holy ideals” (literal translation)

• 1992 – documentary"Dookie."
• 2017 – documentary film “Illusion”.
• 2003 – book “The First Million: Dzhokhar Dudayev”, author Alla Dudayeva.
• Battalion named after Dzhokhar Dudayev.

In April 1996, almost 20 years ago, the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Dzhokhar Dudayev, was killed. In 1999, when the second Russian-Chechen war began, his widow Alla Dudayeva was forced to leave Chechnya and has since lived in exile in Georgia, Turkey, and now in Sweden.

Alla Dudayeva was born into a Russian family, she is the daughter of an officer Soviet army, but considers himself a Chechen. Alla Fedorovna published a book about her husband, “The First Million,” and writes poetry and paintings. We began our conversation, dedicated to the anniversary of Stalin’s deportation of the Chechen-Ingush people, with memories of the times of perestroika, when Dzhokhar Dudayev led the movement for the independence of Checheno-Ingushetia from Russia.

– There were very bright hopes, there was a fresh wind of change that seemed to bring freedom to all peoples, including Russia. The future seemed only bright and joyful. But still some doubt crept in at that time. I even wrote a poem dedicated to Gorbachev, which ended like this: “A democrat and a party-crat will not grow together. One step forward and two steps back are inevitable.” Our hopes were dashed when 14 Georgian girls were killed with sapper shovels, and then Russian tanks approached the Lithuanian Seim, captured the tower, and there were also casualties. I think: why did our hope not come true, why did this happen? Because no one was punished for these war crimes, for the people killed. After all, they don’t judge their own people. This was the beginning of the end of democratic reforms.

– Who would you like to see in the dock? Hardly Gorbachev?

– Yes, I think, of course, not Gorbachev. It was great courage on his part to speak out against the state apparatus. But it was necessary to conduct an investigation, start with the generals who gave the orders for the murders, and then the threads would be pulled further.

– You lived in Estonia then...

The entire Chechen people cannot be perceived as supporters of the current regime

– Until 1991, Dzhokhar was a division general in Tartu. The first popular fronts were created there: in Lithuania, then in Estonia. It was like a spring flood. We were just learning politics then. I worked in the library, next to me was a Ukrainian, he took part in the Rukh, the Ukrainian Popular Front. In Checheno-Ingushetia, everything happened a little later; there, too, the people perked up and believed that they would receive as much freedom as they could hold, as Yeltsin later said.

– Chechnya during the Yeltsin years was the center of resistance to the empire. The Chechens repelled aggression during the first war and defeated Russia. But now Chechnya has become a stronghold of Putinism. Kadyrov is omnipotent, and it seems that even Putin himself is afraid to pull him back. What are the reasons for this change, how do you explain it?

– The entire Chechen people cannot be perceived as supporters of the current regime, otherwise these people would not have resisted decades of Russian occupation. Five Chechen presidents were killed during the two Russian-Chechen wars, best warriors died, and the survivors were forced to leave their homeland due to persecution. And we must not forget about the monstrous torture, violence and murders, hundreds of concentration camps, not only on the territory of Ichkeria, but also in Mozdok, Kislovodsk, throughout Stavropol and North Caucasus. The Chechen people are now intimidated, forced to simply survive according to the principle “even if you call it a pot, just don’t put it in the oven.” Nevertheless, within the people there was always alive not just a craving for freedom, but the confidence that the Chechen people would be free. The Kadyrov regime now relies on the support of Putin, and he on Kadyrov. This symbiosis will exist as long as Putin remains in power. So it won't last forever. Judging by the events currently happening in the world, this will not last long.

– Don’t you think that Putin will be elected again in 2018?

– A lot will change before 2018. Judging by the impending crisis, the pressure of European sanctions, the general rejection of the vertical power structure, the Putin regime and the constant wars in which the Russian people are involved, I think that big changes in Russia will happen much faster.

– Now they even say that Kadyrov is the only politician who can become Putin’s successor. Can you imagine such a scenario?

– I think this is being done in order to intimidate those who do not support Putin: if you don’t like Putin, Kadyrov will come. They just scare Kadyrov.

– There are reasons to be afraid of Kadyrov. The murder of Boris Nemtsov, threats to Kasyanov...

– I think it’s no secret to anyone who ordered the murder of Boris Nemtsov; this is still the same struggle for unlimited power before the 2018 elections. How many have already been killed for her? the best people Russia simply because they could become possible contenders, how many are now in prisons and camps...

– Aren’t you afraid of Kadyrov? Didn’t Kadyrov’s people try to threaten you or, on the contrary, somehow win you over to their side? Are there any such signals from Grozny?

And how can I come when the best representatives of the Chechen people are being killed in the mountains?

– There was such interest in me 10 years ago or a little more, when Akhmat Kadyrov, Ramzan’s father, was still at the head of Chechnya. Officially invited me to come through means mass media, promised that he would help solve economic problems, supposedly I would be the guarantee of peace in Ichkeria. Guaranteed my safety. But I told him that in Chechnya there is a war going on and he cannot guarantee his own safety. And how can I come when the best representatives of the Chechen people are being killed in the mountains, and I will be received with honor? I'll look like a traitor. The Minister of the Interior also invited me to come and also guaranteed safety. A year later, Akhmat Kadyrov was blown up at the stadium.

– Ramzan hasn’t invited you yet?

- No, nothing happened. Probably my answer was enough: he is aware, he knows how I answered.

– Is there a leader in Chechnya who, in your opinion, continues the work of Dzhokhar Dudayev?

It is necessary to abolish the post of president altogether, introduce parliamentary rule, as has always been the case in Chechnya since ancient times

– For security reasons, I don’t want to name the names of the leaders; I wouldn’t want to expose these people. Although all Chechens are generals, as Dzhokhar said, in the Chechen people, like in no other, a large number of passionaries, people capable of giving their lives for the idea of ​​freedom and independence of their homeland. Dzhokhar compared the Chechens to wild, unbroken horses, which in times of danger unite in a circle, protecting the elderly, women and children in the center and fighting off enemies with their hooves, and in Peaceful time from excess strength they kick each other. Therefore, I am sure that for the Chechen people it is necessary to abolish the post of president altogether and introduce parliamentary government, as has always been the case in Chechnya since ancient times. The imam appeared only during hostilities; in peacetime there was another governing body - the mekhk-khel, the council of elders. It's no secret that the presidential form of government is always a struggle for power, even with one's former comrades. This is always dangerous for the people, because this government can develop into an autocratic one, as it happened in Russia. One person cannot be trusted to rule an entire state. It may turn out that this person himself will become a puppet of those people who paid for his elections, and then the entire people will become victims. I believe that we need to fight not with power, we need to fight for its destruction. The less power, the better.

– Have you started to adhere to anarchist views?

– No, not anarchist, but I believe that parliamentary government is the most convenient for both the Chechen and Russian people. Because one head is good, but many heads are better. Firstly, it is impossible to blow up everyone, and this collegial body is simply much smarter and much more capable of solving difficult government problems. In addition, all people elected by the people can take part in parliament.

– Russia is not used to living without a tsar; under any regime, the same pattern of autocracy is repeated.

Dzhokhar compared Chechens to wild, unbroken horses

– And still, so much power cannot be given to one president. Now many people tell me, they lament, that there is no Dzhokhar, there is no such strong leader who would lead the Chechen people. I tell them: “All together we are Dzhokhar, each of us can’t handle it individually, but all together we are Dzhokhar.” As Dzhokhar said, “Mr. the people decide everything.” Those whom the Chechen people choose will rule together. Therefore, I believe that there is no need to focus on leaders: separate groups who begin to compete with each other, argue in the struggle for power, former comrades-in-arms can become enemies. This is fraught dangerous consequences for the people and the state. Parliamentary government is best. I have already talked to many of our people about this topic: perhaps in the future we will have to hold a referendum to change presidential rule to parliamentary rule. Many people support.

– You said that during perestroika you were friends with a member of the Ukrainian People’s Movement. How did you perceive latest events in Ukraine, Maidan, revolution? Are there parallels in what is happening between Russia and Chechnya and between Russia and Ukraine, or are they still different stories?

I have great hopes for the Ukrainian people, because their spirit reminds me of the Chechen

​– I haven’t been to Ukraine for a long time, but I’m closely following all the events. Because of Russia (as was previously the case in the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria), an internal struggle has to be waged with people who were imprisoned from former government THE USSR. The poisonous teeth of the dragon, which were sown by the partocrats, sprang up. Then they took advantage of privatization, now they have become oligarchs, buying the conscience and votes of poor people during elections, using political technologies, monstrous deception and fraud. Universal actions in all captured and occupied republics. What concern is there for the life of the people and the right to self-determination! For example, a “referendum” was held in the so-called Lugansk and Donetsk republics, but I call it a “so-called referendum”, just like those “referendums” that were held in the occupied republics, for example in Ichkeria. A referendum is not held at gunpoint, the will of the people is not asked without the participation of international observers. Moreover, regardless of the state’s right to the integrity of its territory. I think that the parallels with the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria are also in the strength of spirit of the Ukrainian people, volunteers and the leadership of the ATO, who took the burden of the war on their shoulders. And in his political deception. An army of 300,000 entered Ichkeria under the guise of protecting the Russian-speaking population and began to establish “constitutional order.” And it entered Ukraine under the guise of protecting the Russian population of Lugansk and Donetsk. I have no doubt that Ukraine will become a truly independent European state, I have high hopes for the Ukrainian people, because their spirit reminds me of the Chechen people. In addition, I really like Mikheil Saakashvili, I lived and worked in Georgia. I was invited as a presenter on the Russian-language TV channel PIK from 2009 to 2011. I am a witness to the reformatory changes of the young government of Saakashvili.

– Why did you decide to leave Georgia?

– Because the pro-Russian government of Ivanishvili came to power. The channel where I worked for three years was closed, and persecution of Mikheil Saakashvili himself began. Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili was jailed for two years. Many were then forced to flee Georgia. Now, it seems to me that something is changing for the better.

– It cannot be said that Georgia is now pursuing a pro-Russian policy. Foreign policy, rather, the same as during the time of Saakashvili, only without such harsh rhetoric.

​– Because now there is a different president, with whom Ivanishvili’s people are not very happy. There are a lot of attacks on Mikheil Saakashvili, but I would like to tell people what I witnessed. In 1999, at the beginning of the second Russian-Chechen war, I was forced to flee to Georgia. These were the times of Shevardnadze. At that time, Georgia was a dark kingdom, there was almost no electric light, broken roads, people were poor and unemployed, with a tiny pension of 8 lari in Georgian villages, which could only buy a bottle of milk and bread. When I arrived 10 years later in 2009, I saw a completely different country, changed thanks to the investments that were made by other countries with the help of Mikheil Saakashvili, who created a fertile climate for investors. Power plants were built on mountain rivers. All Georgian villages and cities were brightly lit. Roads meeting European standards were built to the most remote corners of Georgia, right up to Pankisi, and the pension was increased to 100 lari, everyone was paid the same pension. The system of bureaucracy and corruption was completely destroyed – this was done by the Saakashvili government. I was surprised by the cheapest taxis in the world. A taxi driver could simply buy a sign for 10 GEL, hang it on his old car and start working, the state did not take any taxes from him. Usually pensioners went, I talked to them, they earned 500-600 lari a month – was great help families of their children and grandchildren. This work was a joy for the old people because they felt needed by the family and independent. Small developed private business in small shops and markets. I wondered why there are no modern supermarkets: it turns out that supermarkets were not built specifically so that there would be no trade monopoly. People came from villages, brought food to these shops, sold vegetables, fruits, meat, milk, cottage cheese, cheese, wine, Borjomi, all this was very inexpensive. People dreamed of how to start trading in Russia, because Georgia – agricultural country. Mikheil Saakashvili opened the border with Georgia, visa-free travel for Russians. But Putin on the other side did not allow Georgian goods through. Ivanishvili promised to do this, but the promise was never fulfilled. And how beautiful Georgia has become! I have never seen such decorations anywhere, in the three darkest months – November, December and January – Garlands of lights in the form of flowing drops, flying birds and water lilies hung on the streets. You could walk along the streets of Georgian cities at night as during the day, it was so beautiful. The trees stood drenched in these lights, with luminous figures of animals between them. It was clear that Saakashvili loved Georgia very much. A blue bridge was built, very beautiful for pedestrians. Glass stations for police officers, transparent so that passers-by can see that the Georgian police do not beat those they arrest. To become a police officer, you had to pass a very difficult exam. The police were very polite, they received a thousand dollars, I think. good salary was for Georgia at that time. In Tbilisi, old streets were being repaired, in different colors were painted, and at the same time the historical appearance was respected. Found underground on Rustaveli Avenue Old city medieval stone building. They didn’t bury it, but thoroughly cleaned it, and it was like the bottom floor for tourists in the center of Tbilisi. Exhibitions, galleries, conferences, cultural figures and historians were invited from all the republics of the Caucasus. Our channel was engaged in this work, I broadcast with these guests from all over the Caucasus. People even came to us from Moscow by invitation, Valeria Novodvorskaya, for example, came, artists came, poets – it was broadcast throughout Russia. Our programs were peaceful; we showed that, despite the five-day war, Russians have nothing to fear, Georgia’s borders are open to everyone. Mikheil Saakashvili had such a very honest and kind policy.

– Now he is trying to carry out reforms in Odessa. Do you keep in contact with him?

– No, I don’t maintain contact, but I closely monitor everything that happens there.

On the PIK TV channel, Alla Dudayeva hosted the program “Caucasian Portrait”

– I see that you miss Tbilisi. Are you thinking about returning?

I lived the happiest and most difficult years with the Chechen people

​– I think that in the future I will come to Georgia and the Caucasus in general. I like it in Europe too, I am amazed at the kindness of Europeans, how they accept so many Muslim refugees, with what kindness they treat them. I actually traveled to many countries, after the first Russian-Chechen war I was in Azerbaijan, Turkey, Lithuania, Germany, France with an exhibition of my paintings and a presentation of a book. When I lived in Turkey, I was amazed by the kindness Turkish women, who spent six months sewing, embroidering, knitting wonderful transparent tablecloths or silk towels, children's clothes, and Turkish sellers gave their goods for free to women to sell at charity bazaars after they were marked down three times. Once every six months, in autumn and spring, they gathered at these bazaars, laid out in the very beautiful place On the shelves of Istanbul these goods sang beautiful songs. The mayor of Istanbul came and solemnly opened a charity fair, these things were bought, and it all went to pay for the refugees’ apartments. I sold my paintings and the book "The First Million" there Turkish, which the Turks read. And I was surprised that they perceived the book like children. Such a huge man could, with tears in his eyes, bring me a piece of paper on which he wrote a letter in Turkish after he read my book, expressing his feelings for the Chechen people. In general, Turkish people are very sentimental. When my book was translated into Turkish, I asked the translator: “How did the poems turn out?” He says with this smile: “Better than the original.” I felt a little offended. He explained that in Turkic languages – this is the birthplace of poetry – the poems sound much better. In general, you can learn something good from all nations. Among European peoples – kindness and tolerance. They walk down the street, without even knowing the person, smiling towards him.

– Do you live in Stockholm?

– No, in one of the small towns. They don’t know me, but that’s just the way it is. People live modestly; there are no palaces like those that appeared in Russia among the nouveau riche. They live modestly, but very clean apartments, beautiful houses, but without unnecessary decorations on the outside. There is good plumbing inside, doors, windows, radiators under the windows, so that everything is clean, beautiful, really high level. People dress simply, not at all like in Russia or Ichkeria, without unnecessary decorations. Probably, they are decorated with the kindness of their souls more than all these decorations. And many people ride bicycles. Have expensive car It's considered unsightly here. And somehow show off your wealth. You will never know the difference between a rich person and common man, he also works on his farm. Many people have farms: three days on the farm, three days in the city, rich people live in harmony with nature and with all life.

– Do you also have a bicycle?

– Yes, I go in for sports, ride in the forest, through fields and meadows. Very good, Fresh air my face is washed over, I admire the well-groomed fields: the work of these kind hands, those who live here, is visible everywhere, there are no fields overgrown with weeds or broken roads. Great workers – they get up early in the morning with the sunrise, catch the sun, as they say, go to bed very early, around 9-10 o'clock.

– Alla Fedorovna, you were born in the Moscow region. Do you have a desire to visit there or do you want to have nothing to do with Russia?

The Russian people have been living in a state of war for 25 years, only burying and sending their sons to war

​– I have more friends and relatives in Ichkeria, because for the last 40 years I have lived among the Chechen people, my children and grandchildren – Chechens. I miss these friends more; there are very few left in Russia. Unfortunately, the mentality of the Russian people has changed a lot. I lived the happiest and most difficult years together with the Chechen people; we were as one during the war, when we prayed together and asked Allah to send us victory, buried those who died together, and cried together. The Russian people were on the opposite side. Many of its best representatives, who saw the injustice of the Russian-Chechen war, gave their lives so that this war would end, spoke the truth about the Chechen people. The whole world knows the names of these people – this is Anna Politkovskaya and many others, I don’t even want to list them all for you, because there are so many of them. What is in the Russian people, – people who are willing to give their lives or freedom in the fight against an aggressive criminal government. The Russian people are not building new cities now, they are not planting gardens, there are no roads like in Georgia, healthcare and hospitals, education – this is all at the lowest level, all funds are invested only in military industry. The Russian people have been fighting for 25 years now; the war was in the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, then in Georgia, in Ukraine, and now in Syria. The Russian people have been living in a state of war for 25 years, only burying and sending their sons to war. Therefore, I think the mentality of the majority has changed. As a result of this rule of the most cruel, criminal and aggressive regime in the world, Russia is gradually shrinking, the people are dying out at a rate undreamed of before, the number of street children is growing, people are living in poverty. But advertising is completely different.

– Now many in Russia are thinking about emigrating. You great experience, you have lived in many countries, what advice do you have for those who are hesitant to make a choice?

I read articles on the Internet and am horrified by what the world has come to.

​– If they are young, it is easier for young people to settle down abroad and get an education abroad. Change homeland – It's always very difficult. We were forced to leave because we were threatened with destruction. But in Russia itself such a war is not going on internally, although public figures threaten. I think that this is their personal matter, a matter of their conscience. If they leave, they will not come back because their homeland will no longer exist. I would simply advise, perhaps, to hide for a while, but not to leave your homeland, because changes will come very soon, big changes. I can read you my poem, it’s about how I miss you.

Ichkeria, my love!
To where there is no return,
My soul, fly...
Where every leaf and stone is holy
Bow your knees.
Having corrected thousands of deaths,
You were coming out of the lights
Earthly hell... And they left.
And we're halfway there again...
Those mountains are cool even in the night
I see streams flickering...
And the sounds of hundreds of voices,
Shells whistling
And the clang of trunks
I hear again with a sensitive heart.
In the Lezginka of young men flying,
The reach of eagle arms, their gaze!
Masses of mountains
The pupils shifted,
And going out into the open
Freedom to infect slaves,
And to frighten enemies with death!
Ichkeria, my love,
How I miss you!
What should I tell you?
I didn’t live in exile for even a minute.
I live by your hope,
I'm dying every moment
When you go to the slaughter...
Evil does not last forever, it will go away
And with it all your suffering.
Take a deep breath, and then
Russian troops will leave,
All predictions will come true...
The snow will melt, spring will come,
Scattering thousands of signs,
Happy life for generations,
taken from the fire by you,
Ichkeria, my love!

– Alla Feodorovna, do you consider yourself, first of all, a poet, an artist, or does politics occupy you most?

Alla Dudayeva's book "The First Million" was published in Russia in the series "Life of Forbidden People"

​– I never considered myself a politician. I had exhibitions, presentations of my book – it was my cultural information work in all countries, just to talk about what I witnessed. She got involved in politics unwillingly. Because when my husband Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected president, we were asked questions about politics, we had to read and think a lot. I still read articles on the Internet and am horrified by what the world has come to. Back in 2007, I wanted to create a union of cities around the world, I wrote appeals, people responded to me from different countries, so that all wars on this earth would stop. It didn’t work out, now with one click of a button you can destroy an entire city. The development of weapons is making huge strides. It seems to me that people need to be changed morally, because their appearance does not correspond to this progress, modern technology. People must learn kindness, must learn to love each other and understand that every nation has its own heroes, that every nation wants to be free. For this, of course, there must be communication. The Chechen people have never wanted harm to the Russian and other peoples. In the Caucasus, all the peoples lived in peace and harmony, just as peoples now live in Europe who do not even have strong armies, because they are unaccustomed to fighting. Only Russia is at war, its aggressive government, which sends people to war Russian sons. This means that this government needs to be changed.

– February 23 is Defender of the Fatherland Day in Russia and the day of deportation of the Chechen-Ingush people...

– Dzhokhar, speaking on the 50th anniversary of the deportation in Ichkeria, made a wonderful speech. He said that he would stop grieving and crying, as the Chechen people were accustomed to on this day, the day of remembrance of the victims of deportation. Then half of the Chechen people were exterminated in camps or burned in their houses, as in the village of Khaibakh. He said: stop shedding tears, let's make this day the day of the revival of the Chechen nation. And I also don’t like that it’s Soviet Army Day. There is war all around, and here is a military holiday, and in Chechnya it is a day of grief. Let's better make sure that this is a day of revival for all peoples, a revival of kindness, peace, and an end to wars on our planet. It may be a naive utopian dream, but if you really believe in it, maybe it will come true.