Ground troops modern army need large quantities special equipment and radio-electronic equipment. In particular, artillery needs radar reconnaissance systems capable of monitoring the specified territory and monitoring the results of firing. Currently, the main domestic products of this class are complexes of the “Zoo” family.

Complex 1L219 “Zoo”

The development of the 1L219 Zoo radar artillery reconnaissance system began in accordance with the resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers of July 5, 1981. The new radar was intended to replace equipment existing types, primarily the 1RL239 “Lynx” complex, which was actively used by the troops. The Strela Research Institute (Tula) was appointed the lead developer of the project, and V.I. became the chief designer. Simachev. Several other organizations were also involved in the work. For example, NPP Istok (Fryazino) was responsible for the development of microwave equipment, and the Tula Arsenal plant was supposed to build prototypes of the finished complex.

It should be noted that one resolution of the Council of Ministers required the creation of two artillery reconnaissance complexes at once. The Zoo-1 and Zoo-2 systems were supposed to have various characteristics and differ in some components. This meant the maximum possible unification of the two types of equipment.

Self-propelled radar 1L219 "Zoo-1"

The development of a new project at a certain stage encountered some difficulties, which led to a shift in implementation deadlines different stages. Thus, the draft version of the 1L219 “Zoo” project was completed in two years: it was ready in 1983. The following year, a technical version of the project was prepared. In 1986, the organizations involved in the project completed all work on the preparation of design documentation, but the start of construction of experimental reconnaissance complexes was postponed due to changing customer requirements.

On June 19, 1986, the Council of Ministers issued a new resolution defining further development radar reconnaissance systems for artillery. The military wanted to receive not only a self-propelled vehicle with a set of radio-electronic equipment, but also a number of other means. In accordance with the new resolution, it was necessary to develop new complex funds, which was supposed to include the “Zoo” car. Due to changes in customer requirements, the project developers had to re-develop some elements of the complex. Some of the radio-electronic equipment, including target detection equipment, has undergone modifications.

Due to numerous modifications, the construction of the experimental Zoo vehicle was delayed. It was released for preliminary testing only in 1988. This stage of testing, accompanied by various modifications, continued until the spring of 1990, when several prototypes were submitted for state testing. During the year, the equipment was tested in the ground forces of several military districts. During these events, all necessary information about the operation of the complex in the conditions of combat units.

During all tests, the design characteristics of the complex were confirmed and advantages over existing system"Lynx". In particular, the range was increased by 10%, the field of view doubled, and throughput automation - 10 times. Based on the results of state tests, the 1L219 Zoo-1 radar artillery reconnaissance system was put into service. The corresponding command order was signed on April 18, 1992.

The Zoo-1 reconnaissance complex was intended to monitor the indicated areas, monitor enemy artillery and monitor the firing results of its batteries. In order to ensure the possibility of combat work in the same positions with artillery, all equipment of the complex was mounted on a self-propelled chassis. The MT-LBu universal tractor was chosen as the basis for the complex. With a vehicle combat weight of about 16.1 tons, it is ensured maximum speed at 60-62 km/h. All facilities of the complex are managed by a team of three people.

An antenna post is mounted on the roof of the base chassis, made in the form of a rotating platform with a phased antenna array installed on it. In the stowed position, the antenna is lowered to a horizontal position, and the entire post is rotated along the vehicle body. The antenna array is part of a three-coordinate radar station and allows you to monitor a sector up to 60° wide in azimuth. The viewing sector in elevation is about 40°. The ability to rotate the antenna post allows you to change the observation sector without moving the entire vehicle.

The radar of the 1L219 complex operates in the centimeter range and is controlled by on-board digital computers such as Elektronika-81B and Sayver-2. All operations for tracking a specified sector, detecting targets and issuing processed information are carried out automatically. The calculation of the complex has the ability to monitor the systems and, if necessary, intervene in their operation. To display information about the situation at the commander's and operator's workplaces, black and white CRT screens are provided.

Scheme of operation of the 1L219 system

The main task of the 1L219 Zoo-1 reconnaissance complex was to detect the positions of enemy missile forces and artillery, as well as calculate the flight trajectories of projectiles. In addition, it was possible to control the firing of its artillery. The main method of determining coordinates and trajectories was tracking small-sized high-speed ballistic targets - projectiles. The station was supposed to automatically monitor projectiles, calculate their trajectories and determine the location of guns or launchers.

The automation of the Zoo-1 complex is capable of detecting at least 10 enemy firing positions per minute. At the same time, tracking of no more than 4 targets is provided. The probability of determining the position of the gun by the first shot was determined at the level of 80%.

During combat work, the complex had to determine the current parameters of a flying projectile, as well as calculate its full trajectory along a known area. After this, the automation provided information about the launch site of the projectile to the command post. Next, this information should have been transmitted to the artillery for a retaliatory strike on the enemy’s firing position in order to destroy his equipment and weapons. To determine one's own position, which is used in determining the coordinates of targets, the 1T130M Mayak-2 topographic and geodetic referencing system is used.

Serial production of self-propelled radar artillery reconnaissance systems 1L219 “Zoopark-1” was entrusted to the Vector enterprise (Ekaterinburg). Initially it was assumed that the 1L219 complexes would be used in missile forces and artillery at the regimental level. Each regiment and brigade had to have their own systems of this type, designed to track enemy artillery and issue coordinates for counter-battery combat.

However, the collapse Soviet Union did not allow all existing plans to be fully and quickly implemented. Serial construction of Zoo-1 vehicles was carried out at a relatively slow pace, but last years The ground forces managed to receive a certain amount of such equipment. All 1L219 stations are used in the control system of artillery formations and successfully solve the tasks assigned to them.

Complex 1L220 “Zoo-2”

A resolution of the Council of Ministers of July 5, 1981 required the development of two radar reconnaissance systems at once. The first, 1L219, was created by the Tula Research Institute "Strela" in collaboration with some other enterprises. The development of the second complex with the designation 1L220 was entrusted to NPO Iskra (Zaporozhye). The objective of the second project was to create another reconnaissance complex with an increased detection range. Otherwise, the goals and objectives of the projects were the same.

As part of the Zoo-2 project, a complex of radio-electronic equipment was developed, suitable for installation on various chassis. It was planned to offer the customer two modifications of the reconnaissance system, mounted on different chassis. There was a project for a vehicle based on the GM-5951 tracked chassis and the KrAZ-63221 wheeled chassis. The wheel complex received its own designation 1L220U-KS. In the case of a tracked chassis, the electronic equipment was located inside a lightly armored body, on the roof of which a rotating antenna post was installed. The wheeled vehicle project involved the use of a van body with appropriate equipment.

Complex 1L220 “Zoo-2” on a tracked chassis

In terms of its general architecture, the “Zaporozhye” version of the complex resembled a machine developed by Tula specialists. It was proposed to equip the 1L220 complex with a radar station with a phased array antenna installed on a rotating base. Working in the centimeter range, the station was supposed to detect flying artillery shells.

The electronics of the Zoo-2 complex made it possible to automatically monitor the situation, search for targets and determine their trajectories, while simultaneously calculating the location of enemy guns.

After the collapse of the USSR, enterprises involved in the Zoo program remained in different countries, which led to serious difficulties in the work. Despite all the problems, NPO Iskra continued work and completed the creation of a new artillery reconnaissance complex. Due to some problems, the project had to be further refined. The updated version of the project received the designation 1L220U.

Due to the economic problems of the country, the need to finalize the project, etc. testing of the prototype of the Zoo-2 system began only in the late nineties. Based on the test results, the system was adopted by the Ukrainian army in 2003. Subsequently, Ukrainian enterprises in cooperation with foreign organizations A number of similar equipment were built and supplied to the armed forces.

According to available data, due to improvements in radio-electronic equipment, it was possible to significantly improve the characteristics of the 1L220U complex in comparison with the “Tula” 1L219. The Ukrainian-developed machine station is capable of monitoring a sector 60° wide in azimuth. The radar can detect operational-tactical missiles at ranges of up to 80 km. When used by an opponent jet systems volley fire the maximum detection range, depending on the type of missile, is 50 km. The station detects mortar mines of up to 120 mm caliber at ranges of up to 30 km. The ability to detect up to 50 enemy firing positions per minute is declared.

Complex 1L219M “Zoo-1”

In the early nineties, the Strela Research Institute began developing a modernized version of the Zoo-1 complex. The updated version of the complex received the index 1L219M. Some sources contain various additional designations for this complex, in particular, the name “Zoo-1M” sometimes appears. However, this “name” was later assigned to another complex of the family.

Machine 1L219M “Zoo-1”

The goal of the 1L219M project was to replace outdated equipment with new equipment with improved characteristics. For example, the CBVM was replaced. The updated complex uses computer technology from the Baguette family to control the automation. In addition, the modernization project used new system topogeodetic reference. For precise definition own coordinates, the modernized Zoo-1 vehicle received a 1T215M topographic surveyor and a GLONASS receiver.

According to the developer, in the 1L219M project it was possible to significantly improve the characteristics of the radar station. Thus, the detection range of operational-tactical missiles was increased to 45 km. Maximum detection range rockets increased to 20 km. When the enemy uses mortars of 81-120 mm caliber, it is possible to determine the firing position at ranges of up to 20-22 km.

The automation of the 1L219M complex is capable of processing up to 70 targets per minute. Up to 12 objects are simultaneously tracked. To automatically calculate the full trajectory of enemy ammunition with determination of the launch point and impact point, it takes no more than 15-20 s.

In addition to the radar equipment, crew workstations were modernized. The main innovation was the use of color monitors, which display all information about the situation in the station’s sector of responsibility. All data about found enemy firing positions is automatically transmitted to the command post and can then be used to launch a retaliatory strike.

The development of the 1L219M Zoo-1 project was completed in the mid-nineties. Tests began soon after. prototype. According to some sources, during the tests numerous shortcomings were identified, primarily related to the reliability of various units. As a result, it was decided to modify the system in order to improve the characteristics that did not meet the requirements.

Machine 1L219M “Zoo-1”

There is no exact information about the production and operation of 1L219M complexes. Some sources mention the construction of such equipment and even its use in some recent conflicts. However, there is no complete evidence of this. It was probably decided not to start mass production new technology due to the lack of serious advantages over the existing one, as well as due to the difficult economic situation of the armed forces. However, the updated version of the Zoo-1 complex was demonstrated at various exhibitions.

Complex 1L260 “Zoo-1M”

Latest on this moment The artillery reconnaissance complex of the “Zoo” family is a system with the index 1L260, created in the 2000s. After the not very successful project 1L219M, the Tula Research Institute "Strela" continued work on creating new radar stations for the ground forces. To date, the Strela enterprise has received the status of a research and production association and has become part of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern.

Self-propelled radar 1L261 "Zoo-1M"

The Zoo-1M complex, despite its name, is not a modernized version of existing equipment, but a completely new development. For example, the new complex contains several components that perform different functions. The main element of the complex is the 1L261 self-propelled radar station on a tracked chassis. In addition, a 1I38 maintenance vehicle and a backup power plant are involved in combat work. Auxiliary elements the complex is mounted on a vehicle chassis. According to some reports, a self-propelled radar, if necessary, can perform assigned tasks independently and without the help of additional elements of the complex.

The 1L261 self-propelled radar differs from its predecessors in a different layout of the main units. As before, all machine units are installed on a tracked chassis, which is used as a GM-5955 vehicle. An antenna post with lifting and rotation mechanisms is mounted on the roof of the building. In the stowed position, the phased array antenna is placed on the middle and rear part of the hull cover. The combat weight of the vehicle exceeds 38 tons. The operation of all systems is controlled by a crew of three people.

During the preparation of the complex for operation, the antenna rises and can rotate around a vertical axis, changing the viewing sector. The design of the phased array antenna allows the station crew to monitor objects located in a sector 90° wide in azimuth. The exact characteristics of the target detection range have not yet been announced. According to previously published data, the 1L261 station is capable of determining the firing position of enemy artillery with an error of up to 40 m. When calculating the launch point of multiple launch rocket systems, the error is 55 m, the launch point of ballistic missiles is 90 m.

The full composition of the complex 1L260 "Zoo-1M"

There is no exact information about the current status of the 1L260 Zoo-1M project. According to some reports, a few years ago the Russian Ministry of Defense ordered a number of such complexes, but the details of the contract were not made public. In addition, one of the stages of testing the complex could have been carried out in 2013. Official information about the Zoo-1M complex and its prospects has not yet been published.

New reconnaissance, control and communications complex "Strelets"

Intelligence officers of the Western Military District (WMD) began to master the Strelets reconnaissance, control and communications complex to issue target designations to fighter and front-line bombers, as well as army aviation helicopters.

The military will study tactical specifications complexes and in practice will work out the tasks of guiding combat aircraft and helicopters to command posts, material and technical bases, ammunition depots and fuels and lubricants conditional enemy.

Upon completion training will take place control exercise, during which aircraft controllers, using the Strelets KRUS, will have to link maps to the area around the training ground, determine the coordinates of targets, their range, main landmarks and means of attack for the crews.Classes are held at the base training center retraining of aviation personnel in Lipetsk.

The new Armata tanks will be tested by the troops >>

Control and communications intelligence complex (KRUS) “Strelets” and today it looks like a fantasy, although in fact the “Sagittarius”, included in the “Ratnik” combat equipment program, has been in service with the Russian army since 2007. At the moment, the second generation of “Sagittarius” is relevant, produced since 2011 and constantly improved.

The complex is continuously improved by specialists from Radioavionics (Russia).Saint Petersburg), and if the first KRUS backpack samples, bristling with antennas, were a complete headache for the military, then the loads from placement modern complex on the Ratnik transport vest the soldier practically does not notice.

The first generation equipment was called “Permyachka”. The second generation of equipment was called “Ratnik” after the OCD. Next there should be equipment of the third generation - the corresponding research work “Ratnik-3” is underway, where the number “three” means the generation number, and not the version number of “Ratnik”, and “Ratnik-2” simply does not exist.

It should be noted that the transition from “Ratnik” to “Ratnik-3” will be gradual, with partial replacement of elements, some new elements will appear in the near future.

For example, in the near future, Ratnik may include sensors for medical and biological conditions - TsNIITOCHMASH, which is actively developing medical technologies - as well as protective glasses with information projected onto their glass.

Consideration is given to including mine-resistant shoes in the “Warrior”, which will save you from anti-personnel mines. In addition, the possibility of placing mine detection sensors in these shoes is being considered, as well as the possibility of placing a minefield suppression system in the shoes or somewhere in the equipment.

In 2017 for Ground Forces(SV), Airborne Forces and Marine Corps, 50,000 sets of “Ratnik” equipment will be purchased. By 2020, almost all military personnel of the RF Armed Forces can receive a set of “Ratnik” soldier combat equipment.

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TOPIC No. 51: “Reconnaissance and signaling means of reconnaissance. Complex of intelligence control and communications". Lesson No. 1 “Technical characteristics, design of the RSS 1 to 18 complex (Realia), products 83 T 215 VR (KRUS).

Study questions: 1. Purpose, composition, TTX complex RSS 1 to 18 (Realia). 2. Purpose, composition, performance characteristics of the product 83 T 215 VR (KRUS).

Product 1 K 18 -1 is designed for remote detection of the movement of troops and equipment behind enemy lines and at the borders of probable contact with him and for transmitting information about detected objects via a radio channel to information receiving and display devices (IRIDs) in near real time. In addition, the product can be used to protect particularly important objects in the rear of our troops.

The product remains operational under the following conditions: temperature environment from -30 to +50 degrees Celsius; the presence of interference created by the natural background (the noise of mountain rivers, wind, the noise of separately falling stones); when exposed to unintentional interference created by communication radio stations operating in the frequency range of the product’s radio line; after immersing the RSU and RT in water to a depth of 1 meter; after transportation in packaged form by all types of transport in covered vehicles; when exposed to precipitation, dust and solar radiation; when used at altitudes up to 5000 meters above sea level.

Set 1 K 18 "Realia" 1. Device for receiving and displaying information (UPOPI)-1 T 813 - 1 pc. 2. Three types of reconnaissance and signaling devices (RSD): - seismic-acoustic detector-classifier 1 B 36 4 pcs. - seismic detector 1 B 37 - 18 pcs. - detector - magnetic cable counter 1 B 40 - 4 pcs. 3. Repeaters of information radio signals (RT) 1 L 59 9 pcs. 4. Control stand SK-E 38 – 1 pc. 5. Single spare parts kit – 1 set.

Features 1. Message transmission range: - using one repeater. . . up to 15 km; - using two repeaters. . . . up to 40 km; - without using a repeater. . . up to 1 km. 2. Operating frequency range of the product. . . . VHF 3. Number of fixed frequencies used. . . 8 4. Type of transmitted messages - digital (message duration - 5 s.); transmission speed - 1300 baud. 5. The number of simultaneously installed DCS, which ensures the reception of information at the UPOI. . . up to 30. 6. Memory capacity. . . . 21 messages. 7. Probability of detecting and identifying an object. . 0.7 -0.8. 8. Nutrition. . . . from elements A 343 (device 1 E 38) or RC 85 (device 1 E 38 -1). 9. Performance. . . . from - 30 to + 50 degrees. 10. The self-destruction device (SID) is triggered in following cases: - when trying to move the device to another place; - when trying to remove the PIM from the device body; - when the device is tilted at an angle of 15 -20 degrees; - after 20 or 60 days of continuous operation of the devices. 11. Weight of the product. . . . 1200 kg.

Strengths 1. High degree of detection and recognition of objects. 2. Possibility of control large areas using repeaters. 3. High efficiency, speed of information flow. 4. Relatively high secrecy of action. 5. Possibility of interfacing with means of destruction. Weak sides 1. Limited number of sensors and their types. 2. A limited number of sensors delivered behind enemy lines by intelligence agencies. 3. One-time use of sensors using PIM. 4. Low efficiency of precise installation of sensors using helicopters. 5. Possibility of false triggering of the sensor. 6. The absence of sensors and RT in the system that can be delivered to the installation site by firing a shot from a howitzer gun. 7. The possibility of disabling the system using promising electronic warfare systems in the VHF range.

The UPOI is designed to receive information coming from the DCS and display it on a light display. The UPOI has a sound and light alarm about the receipt of a package (information) from the DCS, as well as a clock for determining the time of receipt of information. The design of the 1 T 813 makes it possible to operate it in a car, armored personnel carrier, helicopter, both parked and in motion (flight) without connecting to an external radio antenna.

DEVICE 1 B 36 is designed to detect, determine the type and number of moving objects, as well as to detect shell explosions (mines). 9 E 144 device 1 E 38 R. 5. 1 cable K 1 A

DEVICE 1 B 37 is designed to detect moving objects, as well as to detect shell explosions (mines).

DEVICE 1 B 40 is designed to detect and count the number of moving objects, as well as to detect shell explosions (min.).

The 1 L 59 repeater is designed for search-free, tune-free retransmission of digital messages transmitted by the DCS (devices 1 B 36, 1 B 371, 1 B 40), in the absence of direct radio visibility of the DCS and UPOP or when they are located at a great distance. R 5.2 R 5.1

Device 1 E 38 is designed to power devices 1 B 36, 1 B 37 -1, 1 B 40, 1 T 813, 1 L 59 and products 1 K 18 -1.

In 2007, the control and communications intelligence complex (KRUS "Strelets") was put into service, which is designed to solve the main set of tasks information support(combat control, communications and information transfer, individual and group navigation, detection, measurement of coordinates and identification of targets, target designation, generation of data for use small arms and melee weapons). Main technical characteristics Communication range: within the unit up to 1500 m with a higher one up to 10 km (VHF), up to the VU unit 5000 km (satellite repeater) Weight of the set is 2.4 kg. Transmission speed Up to 11 Mbit/s of data via internal communication channel Continuous operation time 12 -14 hours Error in determining coordinates No more than 20 m GLONASS, GPS satellite navigation systems used

found:
INTERESTING names of weapons in Russia! :)

Germany has the Leopard tank. Israel has the Merkava (War Chariot). America has the Abrams tank, France has the Leclerc, both in honor of famous generals. And we have the T-72B "Slingshot". In honor of the slingshot! It’s not clear why, but it’s clear that KVN could only have been born here! :)

Or, for example, the Americans take it and call their self-propelled howitzer “Paladin”. And the British call theirs “Archer” (Archer). All is well. Our guys come up and say: look here. Here self-propelled howitzers 2S1 "Gvozdika", 2S3 "Acacia", self-propelled mortar 2S4 "Tulip" and long-range self-propelled guns 2S5 "Gyacinth" and 2S7 "Pion", capable of firing nuclear shells. Please smell the bouquet.

So the Americans take and call their anti-tank guided missile “Dragon”. And the other is called "Shilleylah" (Budgeon). Everything is logical. Then our people come up and say: look at this. Here are the 9M14M "Malyutka" anti-tank missiles, 9M123 "Chrysanthemum" anti-tank missiles and the "Metis" anti-tank missile (with the "Mulatto" night sight). And just to make it completely incomprehensible and scary for you, we also had a rocket called “Kromka”.

And to make you think even more, heavy combat vehicle We called tank support "Frame".

And to make your head spin, the newest missile system We called the coastal defense "Bal".

And so that the smile never leaves your face), our most powerful 30-barreled self-propelled flamethrower in the world is called TOS-1 "Buratino", and our under-barrel grenade launcher GP-30 is called "Obuvka" :)!

If anything, then there is also an 82-mm automatic mortar 2B9 "Vasilek", company mortar 2B14 "Tray", mortar 2S12 "Sleigh", intercontinental ballistic missile"Courier" with a nuclear charge (receive the courier :)), intercontinental ballistic missile RT-23 UTTH "Molodets" with ten nuclear charges, Project 705 nuclear submarine "Lira", artillery fire control system "Kapustnik", containerized missile control system "Phantasmagoria" ", self-propelled gun "Kondensator" and a grenade for the 7P24 "Foundling" grenade launcher.

weapon support system at the rate of nuclear submarines project 667 - "Tourmaline"
system for providing missiles with air and nitrogen - "Sova"
ship-based combat missile system nuclear submarine project 941 - "Fairy Tale"
jet deck depth bomber RGB-9000 - "Pikhta"
small anti-ship missile PKURS-30s - "Mol".....

"Vivarium" - ACS of a rocket artillery brigade
(ACS-automated control system)
"Grump" - aircraft satellite communications station
(Probably it constantly says: “they’re chattering and chattering, they don’t have any strength anymore, they’re completely crazy, how much can you do, huh!?”, etc. :))
Woodpecker - aviation marker radio receiver MRP-48
Raccoon - torpedo SET-65
(this one is certainly not the slaughterer of the one that lives in the pond)
Corral - anti-submarine adjustable aerial bomb KAB-250-100
Brass knuckles - hand-held anti-personnel grenade launcher RGM-40
Capacitor - self-propelled gun of special power SM-54
(shows Kuzkin’s mother to the terminator)
Kochkar - ACS of the command post of the tactical formation of the country's air defense forces
(what kind of word is this anyway??? :))
...looked at Yandex "KOCHKAR Novoross. Kachkar Astrakh. unladen, breeding ram" - self-critical!!! :)
Courier - small-sized ICBM RSS-40
(We sent you a note of protest. By courier:))
Lyapis - HF radio receiver R-397LK
(Trubetskoy is not there, I checked. “Gavrila was sitting at the reception. Gavrila was receiving texts...”)
Maria - 30 kt tactical atomic bomb
Metis - ATGM + Mulat - thermal imaging sight for ATGM
(and all this was invented and controlled by a WHITE man :))
Natasha - tactical atomic bomb 8U49
Foundling - 7P24 shot for an under-barrel grenade launcher
(neighing)
Ros - aviation GAS
(Preved to Yarovrat)
Skosok - night vision goggles OVN-1
(for the cross-eyed???)
Traumatism - medical vehicle based on BMD-3

Nikolay ZAYTSEV

To ensure parity with probable enemy in the field of radar reconnaissance of ground targets open joint stock company“The Strela Research and Production Association, Tula (part of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern), according to the tactical and technical specifications of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, over 60 different stations and complexes were developed and put into service.

Recently, the company has developed and put into serial production a number of artillery reconnaissance radars that meet the most modern requirements: a radar complex for reconnaissance of artillery firing positions long range 1L260, multifunctional portable radar for reconnaissance of mortar firing positions and moving ground targets 1L271, portable radar for reconnaissance of ground targets izdeliye1L277 and portable radar for ground reconnaissance SBR-5M.

RECOUNTING FIRE POSITIONS BY SHOT

For reconnaissance of firing positions of mortars, artillery, multiple launch rocket systems, launch positions of enemy tactical missiles based on a shot (shell, rocket, mine on a trajectory), as well as for servicing the firing (control of strikes) of similar means, an artillery radar complex for reconnaissance of missile positions and artillery 1L260. The 1L260 radar complex includes:

– three-dimensional monopulse radar station with a phased antenna array (product 1L261);

– maintenance vehicle (product 1I38);

– power plant ED60-T230P-1RAM4.

Solved by the complex combat missions, operating modes and tactical and technical characteristics of the complex are determined by the 1L261 product (Fig. 1).

The launch of the complex into production not only solved the problem of our country lagging behind in the reconnaissance range of firing artillery and missiles, but also ensured superiority in this area. In conditions of passive and active interference, the complex performs simultaneous fire control along with reconnaissance of enemy firing positions own funds destruction and monitoring of space in order to detect anti-radar missiles.

A comparative analysis of the characteristics shows that the 1L260 complex is superior to the foreign ROP Cobra and AN/TPQ-53 radars both in reconnaissance range and in a number of basic technical characteristics.

The complex provides:

– detection and tracking of flying artillery shells, MLRS rockets, tactical missiles;

– determination with high accuracy of the coordinates of the points of departure and fall of projectiles (mines, missiles);

– recognition of the class, including the caliber, of the enemy firing position;

– simultaneous operation in reconnaissance and control modes;

– operation under conditions of natural passive interference;

– direction finding of sources of active interference and automatic compensation of interference acting from several directions;

– detection of anti-radar missiles;

– continuous automatic diagnostics components products during combat work.

In the “Reconnaissance” mode (Fig. 2), the complex ensures the opening of enemy firing positions; in the “Maintenance” mode (Fig. 3), the coordinates of the impact points of projectiles of friendly firing weapons are determined.

Special software made it possible to fully implement auto mode operation of the complex, without the participation of crew members.

The use of software-controlled radar equipment units provided flexible changes in operating modes and the possibility of further modernization of the product, while the number of simultaneously tracked targets can vary from 12 to 36.

Figure 4. Radar 1L271.

The radar hardware capabilities allow not only to provide reconnaissance of firing positions various types firing systems, but also to implement a space surveillance mode in the interests of air defense.

Along with radars for reconnaissance of long-range artillery firing positions, there is a need for light portable radars that provide reconnaissance of firing positions of firing mortars, reconnaissance of ground moving targets and control of the firing of their artillery by shell explosions (mines) for the battalion level. This is confirmed by the experience of local wars and counter-terrorism operations.

At the end of 2012 into service Russian army The world's first portable multifunctional radar for reconnaissance of firing positions of firing mortars and ground moving targets 1L271 was adopted (Fig. 4).

The radar determines the location of the OP of the firing mortar or the point of impact of the mine by radar observation of the mine in the visible part of the flight path, measuring the coordinates and parameters of its movement at individual points of the trajectory, followed by extrapolation to the point of departure or fall (Fig. 5). The radar antenna has electronic scanning in azimuth. The beam moves in elevation by changing the polarization of microwave radiation.

The station is made in the form of a set of equipment placed in the internal compartment of a special partially armored vehicle, which serves for the prompt delivery of a crew of three people and station equipment to a given area of ​​work. Redeployment over short distances in a given area of ​​work to select a more convenient combat position is carried out by carrying the station's components removed from vehicle, using special packaging for carrying.

PORTABLE SHORT AND SHORT RANGE RADAR

The first mass-produced portable ground target reconnaissance radar in Russia short range with a phased array antenna (PAR) - station 1L277 (Fig. 6). It is designed to detect moving single and group ground, surface, stationary ground and surface targets, as well as to adjust artillery and mortar fire based on explosions. The station also detects low-flying unmanned aerial vehicles.

Figure 6. Radar 1L277.

Unlike its prototype (PSNR-8 station), 1L277 allows, along with moving targets and artillery shell explosions, to detect stationary small targets, which is the first time this has been done in a radar of this class. At the same time, a reduction in radar signature and an increase in noise immunity are ensured. The use of a solid-state element base made it possible to reduce the weight by 2 times and increase the average time between failures by 3.7 times compared to PSNR-8.

Figure 7. SBR-5M radar.

The design of the station allows its installation on various chassis, and the principle of monoblock design of radar equipment provides the opportunity to create stationary surveillance systems, interact them in a network when protecting borders, coastal zones, military and civilian facilities.

Compared to stations of the same class PSNR-8 and PSNR-8M, which are in service, and foreign analogues, The 1L277 radar has several important advantages. In particular, automatic tracking of up to 20 targets is provided without stopping reconnaissance in a given sector; detection mode and determination of the coordinates of stationary targets; automatic recognition of the type of moving targets “man - technology”.

To ensure the secrecy and noise immunity of the station, a fast frequency hopping (FFA) mode has been implemented, which makes it difficult for the enemy to conduct electronic reconnaissance and makes it impossible to set up targeted active jamming.

A qualitative leap in the development of portable radars for reconnaissance of ground moving targets was made with the creation in 2010 of the portable short-range reconnaissance radar SBR-5M (Fig. 7), which combines almost all the capabilities of modern radars, despite the extremely small overall dimensions and weight characteristics.

The radar is a coherent, multi-channel radar station with continuous radiation of a low-power broadband chirp signal.

It has the ability to interface with five types of easel automatic small arms (PKMSN, “Pecheneg”, “Kord”, AGS-17, AGS-30), (Fig. 8), which makes it indispensable when conducting combat operations in conditions of lack of optical visibility .

The principle of operation and combat use of the station is to scan one of the specified sectors with automatic detection of moving targets, determining their polar coordinates for aiming automatic small arms and displaying the target radar situation in the background electronic card terrain (ECM).

Figure 8. SBR-5M radar on a grenade launcher.

The station ensures high secrecy of operation from enemy electronic countermeasures, since its emitted power is less than that of cell phone. All radio-electronic devices, primary processing units and VIP are located in the transceiver, which, together with the drive, is installed on a tripod. The control panel with the battery is located at a distance from the transceiver.

Unique design and technological solutions made it possible to create a station with the minimum weight of a wearable set for all analogues, not exceeding 12 kg.

How autonomous tool reconnaissance station SBR-5M is included in:

– reconnaissance, control and communications complex “Strelets” (83T215-8VR);

– automated complex ATGM battery control (“Komandirsha-E”);

– airborne automated command reconnaissance combat vehicle (BMD-3K-AR).

The station's transceiver is included in the anti-sabotage combat vehicle (BPDM "Typhoon-M").

Serial production of products 1L260, 1L271, 1L277 and SBR-5M made it possible to begin equipping the artillery and military reconnaissance units of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with highly effective ground reconnaissance radars, which in terms of technical level correspond to the best foreign models, and in certain characteristics even surpass them. This made it possible to raise the effectiveness of radar reconnaissance to a new qualitative level - to more effectively solve traditional problems, expand the list of tasks to be solved and significantly increase the operational capabilities to increase the stealth, noise immunity and survivability of stations on the battlefield.