Mushrooms with sabers draw a war of mushrooms. Master class: How to draw mushrooms with a pencil

Moscow, phototype by R. Thiele, 1889, 6 p. with ill. Text on one side of the sheet. Circulation unknown. The sheets are glued onto thick cardboard and bound in the form of an album in a fabric publisher's binding. 25.5 x 17.5 cm.

POLENOVA Elena Dmitrievna (1850-1898) - Russian artist, graphic artist, painter, master of decorative design, one of the first women children's book illustrators in Russia, one of the founders of the Art Nouveau style in Russian art. Sister of the painter Vasily Dmitrievich POLENOV (1850-1898).

“I think that illustrating our Russian fairy tales,” wrote Elena Dmitrievna, “is a matter of great importance. I don’t know of a single children’s publication where the illustrations convey the poetry and flavor of the ancient Russian style, and Russian children grow up on the poetry of English and German (however, wonderfully illustrated) fairy tales...”

“I have known the text of “The War of the Mushrooms” in these expressions since childhood: this is how our grandmother told us this fairy tale, and I have always loved it very much. Grandmother remembered her mostly on the way, during the journey, which took place in a carriage, from Moscow to her Tambov province. Seeing off Tambov, we drove into a large pine forest, then my grandmother used to tell us “The War of the Mushrooms.” It still seems to me that it is in this forest that there are all sorts of forest towns and villages,” this is how E. Polenova described her children’s impressions of this fairy tale.

From a letter to Vladimir Stasov: “You ask how it came to my mind to illustrate a “mushroom hike.” I didn’t start with him, but with other fairy-tale plots borrowed from Afanasyev’s collection; to tell the truth, I drew them without a specific goal, because I liked the motifs of Russian fairy tales (I always loved Russian life in its past). Some of my friends saw these drawings, they began to talk about publication - the thought smiled at me - I began to illustrate Afanasyev’s “White Duck”. Then, when the scenes with human figures seemed monotonous to me, I wanted something else, and then I remembered the “war of the mushrooms” in that edition, as I heard it from my grandmother in a very early childhood, an editorial with an option about the Volnushechy Monastery, which I never met anywhere later. Since the publication was intended for children, I tried to transport myself back to that distant time when, listening to this story, I imagined miniature villages, monasteries and cities in the forest, built, so to speak, on a mushroom scale, in which these people live and operate. amazing creatures, since in a child’s mind a mushroom is a completely alive and very attractive creature...”

For this author’s book from beginning to end, Polenova specially developed a handwritten font, thought out the layout and all the design details: uniform ornamental stripes throughout the book (on even pages - on the left, on odd pages - at the top), chintz binding with ties; I drew 4 illustrations. The publication was printed using a phototype method. This turned out to be a big mistake. Detailed, lovingly executed color watercolors turned into a gray blurry mass on the print. Part of the circulation had to be immediately destroyed.

“The pride of the artist, whose drawings were distorted beyond recognition, demanded that this thing be seen and known as little as possible... I dreamed of publishing a whole series of such books, but the first one gave me so many bitter moments that I promised myself never to try again publishing activities,” we read from the correspondence of E. Polenova. The artist painted several copies by hand.

“This publication did not have any success and remained very little distributed. It’s my fault, of course, because I decided to publish it myself, and it seems to me that an artist cannot and should not be his own publisher,” she wrote to V. Stasov.

Bright pictures with mushrooms, a story about each mushroom and coloring pages with mushrooms. Studying amazing world surrounding nature, don’t forget to tell your children more about mushrooms -

unique inhabitants natural world occupying a middle position between the animal and plant kingdoms.

Lesson on the topic “Mushrooms” - we think, reason, find out

If you ask kids which group mushrooms belong to, they will no doubt answer – plants.

The following arguments can be given as evidence:

sedentary lifestyle;
passive nutrition (substances dissolved in water).

This is where you can give them a surprise by telling them that the structure of a fungal cell is more reminiscent of an animal cell - for example, a beetle or a scorpion, since it is covered with a chitinous (shell) shell. In addition, mushrooms cannot, under the influence sun rays develop your own nutrients, as plants do, which means this also serves as a distinctive feature.

Ask the kids: where can you most often find a mushroom in the forest? Of course, under the tree. It is not for nothing that many mushrooms get their names from the names of their best friends - the trees under which they grow (aspen, birch). What explains this proximity? Just because mushrooms cannot provide themselves with all the necessary substances, as plants do. Therefore, many of them try to make friends with trees in order to get the products they lack through their roots.

We are thinking about what large groups do all mushrooms divide? Of course, there are edible mushrooms and non-edible mushrooms.

Let the children remember the most famous representatives of each group, and you help them, armed in advance with photo cards depicting mushrooms.

For better assimilation and greater clarity, attach cards with the name of the group on the board or table: “Edible mushrooms” and “Non-edible mushrooms.” After discussion, send each picture to the appropriate group. At the same time, it is better to study twin mushrooms in parallel, this will teach kids to be careful in the process of collecting them.

In studying edible mushrooms The video presentation “Edible Mushrooms” will help you:

Cards with images of mushrooms

As a rule, children know the following types:

Champignon. This mushroom is specially grown in greenhouses, since, unlike many of its fellows, it does not need proximity to trees. Which two distinctive feature champignon need to be remembered? The first is pink or dark brown plates under the cap. The second is the reddish or yellow tint of the mushroom pulp. And, of course, you need to remember the unique aroma of this mushroom, which cannot be confused with anything else if you inhale it at least once.

Let us immediately remember what is the name of the double of this noble mushroom? Of course, the pale grebe. We look at her image and look for distinctive features. The most observant will be able to note:

white color of the plates under the cap;
the presence of a specific sac at the base of the mushroom stalk.

We add that the flesh of the pale toadstool always remains pale when cut, which is why this mushroom got its name.

Russula. This mushroom is distinguished by the brightness and variety of colors of its cap. It differs from toadstools in its thick stem, fleshy cap and fragile flesh. And it owes its name to the fact that it does not require long cooking, since it does not contain harmful substances.

Boletus. One of the brightest representatives of the union of mushrooms and trees. It is distinguished by the unusual (speckled) color of its stem and the tubular structure of its cap.

Boletus. From its name it is clear that this mushroom is especially friendly with aspen. And his cap is bright red - the same as aspen leaves in autumn.

Camelina differs from other mushrooms not only in its color, but also in the fact that its cut acquires a blue tint over time.

Honey mushrooms. Friendly mushrooms that grow on the stumps of cut down or dead trees. One of the latest mushrooms, appearing only at the beginning of autumn.

Butter. Unusual mushrooms growing in coniferous forests. Their cap is covered with a layer of oily liquid, which is how they got their name.

Milk mushroom. Everyone's favorite, the king of salted mushrooms. Different unusual shape and a short leg. It is found in two types - wet (its surface is covered with fringe and slightly damp) and dry - with a smooth cap.

White mushroom, boletus. A noble representative of his species. It has a very thick, fleshy light-colored leg and a cap with a tubular bottom structure.

Chanterelles. Unusual red mushrooms, in which the stem smoothly turns into a cap with a wavy edge.

Speaking of chanterelles, you immediately need to remember them dangerous double – false chanterelles, and pay attention to their differences from the real ones: unpleasant odor, bright color (with a reddish tint), smooth edges hats.

Let us immediately remember the most famous non-edible mushroom -. Let's discuss where this name could come from. Children remember the fact that fly agaric is very dangerous for various insects, and our ancestors placed its mushrooms on the windows to prevent flies from flying into the house.

Every kid knows what this mushroom looks like, its color is so unique. Children will also be interested to know that the fly agaric cap can be not only red, but also brown or yellow.

And finally, let's remember another unusual representative of the mushroom kingdom - the truffle. This delicacy mushroom grows in deciduous forests, and under a layer of earth. Therefore, to extract it they use various ways. Pigs and specially trained dogs are especially good at finding truffles.

For greater clarity, we use a poster depicting all common edible and non-edible mushrooms, among which we find familiar ones, and also study previously unseen mushrooms.

Through a poster on which images of mushrooms are drawn, we smoothly move on to the next, reinforcing part of the lesson - pictures with mushrooms. Some of them display the main features of each mushroom, making it recognizable. On others we see the general outlines of mushrooms. You can offer the kids riddles or poems about mushrooms that match the pictures.

A picture for children of a mushroom (poems about mushrooms, riddles about mushrooms) are used to consolidate knowledge of the names of the main parts of the mushroom; with the help of them we try to remember how and in what parts, as well as in their characteristic habitat, the mushrooms that we studied today differ from each other.

Riddles about mushrooms

For example, you can offer the following poems and riddles:

My hat -

Where the needles are.

Glistens in the sun

It slips in your hands. (oiler)

With a thick leg, small,

He hid in the moss... (boletus).

If I get into the basket -

You will have a supply for the winter.

I taste very good!

Did you guess it? This is... (milk).

They lead a friendly round dance

Red sisters.

Everyone will immediately understand:

In front of him... (chanterelles).

Sits bravely on a stump

A bunch of brave guys.

Everyone can easily recognize them:

Who doesn’t know about….(again)?

All shades and colors

Those mushrooms have caps.

Collect them without haste,

Very fragile...(russula).

Look at the video riddles about mushrooms:

As a conclusion to the lesson, to include motor memory in the work, in the final part we invite the kids to work with coloring. The mushroom coloring page puts kids in a calm mood.

The best way to learn to recognize edible and inedible mushrooms- is to familiarize yourself with their names, descriptions and photos. Of course, it’s better if you walk through the forest several times with an experienced mushroom picker, or show your catch at home, but learn to distinguish between real and false mushrooms everyone needs it.

You will find the names of mushrooms in alphabetical order, their descriptions and photos in this article, which you can later use as a guide to mushroom growing.

Types and names of mushrooms with pictures

The species diversity of fungi is very wide, so there is a strict classification of these forest inhabitants (Figure 1).

So, according to edibility they are divided into:

Edible (white, boletus, champignon, chanterelle, etc.);
Conditionally edible (dubovik, greenfinch, veselka, milk mushroom, line);
Poisonous (satanic, toadstool, fly agaric).

In addition, they are usually divided according to the type of bottom of the cap. According to this classification, they are tubular (outwardly reminiscent of a porous sponge) and lamellar (plates are clearly visible on the inside of the cap). The first group includes boletus, boletus, boletus and aspen. The second includes saffron milk caps, milk mushrooms, chanterelles, honey mushrooms and russula. Separate group considered morels, which include morels and truffles.

Figure 1. Classification of edible varieties

It is also customary to separate them by nutritional value. According to this classification, they are of four types:

Since there are so many types, we will give the names of the most popular ones with their pictures. The best edible mushrooms with photos and names are given in the video.

Edible mushrooms: photos and names

Edible varieties include those that can be freely eaten fresh, dried and boiled. They have high taste qualities, and you can distinguish an edible specimen from an inedible one in the forest by the color and shape of the fruiting body, smell and some characteristic features.

Figure 2. Popular edible species: 1 - white, 2 - oyster mushroom, 3 - trevally, 4 - chanterelles

We offer a list of the most popular edible mushrooms with photos and names(Figure 2 and 3):

White mushroom (boletus)- the most valuable find for a mushroom picker. It has a massive light stem, and the color of the cap can vary from cream to dark brown, depending on the region of growth. When broken, the flesh does not change color and has a light nutty aroma. It comes in several types: birch, pine and oak. They are all similar in external characteristics and are suitable for food.
Oyster mushroom: royal, pulmonary, carob and lemon, grows mainly on trees. Moreover, you can collect it not only in the forest, but also at home, by sowing the mycelium on logs or stumps.
Volnushki, white and pink, have a cap pressed in the center, the diameter of which can reach 8 cm. The volushka has a sweet, pleasant smell, and at the break the fruiting body begins to secrete sticky sticky juice. They can be found not only in the forest, but also in open areas.
Chanterelles- most often they are bright yellow, but there are also light-colored species (white chanterelle). They have a cylindrical stem that widens upward, and a cap irregular shape, slightly pressed into the middle.
Oiler There are also several types (real, cedar, deciduous, grainy, white, yellow-brown, painted, red-red, red, gray, etc.). The most common is considered to be the true oil can, which grows on sandy soils in deciduous forests. The cap is flat, with a small tubercle in the middle, and characteristic feature- slimy skin that is easily separated from the pulp.
Honey mushrooms, meadow, autumn, summer and winter, belong to edible varieties that are very easy to collect, as they grow in large colonies on tree trunks and stumps. The color of honey mushroom may vary depending on the region of growth and species, but, as a rule, its shade varies from cream to light brown. Feature edible honey mushrooms- the presence of a ring on the leg, which false doubles do not have.
Boletus belong to the tubular species: they have a thick stem and a regularly shaped cap, the color of which differs depending on the species from cream to yellow and dark brown.
Saffron milk caps- bright, beautiful and tasty, which can be found in coniferous forests. The hat is regular in shape, flat or funnel-shaped. The stem is cylindrical and dense, matching the color of the cap. The pulp is orange, but when exposed to air it quickly turns green and begins to secrete juice with a pronounced odor. pine resin. The smell is pleasant, and its flesh tastes slightly spicy.

Figure 3. The best edible mushrooms: 1 - butterfly, 2 - honey mushrooms, 3 - aspen mushrooms, 4 - saffron milk caps

Edible varieties also include champignons, shiitake, russula, truffles and many other species that are not so much of interest to mushroom pickers. However, it should be remembered that almost everyone edible variety there is a poisonous double, the names and features of which we will consider below.

Conditionally edible

There are slightly fewer conditionally edible varieties, and they are suitable for consumption only after special heat treatment. Depending on the variety, it must either be boiled for a long time, periodically changing the water, or simply soaked in clean water, squeeze and cook.

The most popular conditionally edible varieties include(Figure 4):

Gruzd- a variety with dense pulp, which is quite suitable for consumption, although in Western countries milk mushrooms are considered inedible. They are usually soaked to remove bitterness, then salted and pickled.
Row green (greenfinch) distinctly different from others green legs and caps, which is preserved even after heat treatment.
Morels- conditionally edible specimens with an unusual cap shape and a thick stem. It is recommended to eat them only after careful heat treatment.

Figure 4. Conditionally edible varieties: 1 - milk mushroom, 2 - greenfinch, 3 - morels

Some types of truffles, russula and fly agarics are also classified as conditionally edible. But there is one thing important rule, which should be followed when collecting any mushrooms, including conditionally edible ones: if you have even slight doubts about edibility, it is better to leave the catch in the forest.

Inedible mushrooms: photos and names

Inedible species are those that are not eaten due to health hazards, poor taste and too hard flesh. Many members of this category are completely poisonous (lethal) to humans, while others can cause hallucinations or mild illness.

It is worth avoiding such inedible specimens(with photos and names in Figure 5):

Pale grebe- the most dangerous inhabitant of the forest, since even a small part of it can cause death. Despite the fact that it grows in almost all forests, it is quite difficult to meet. Outwardly, it is absolutely proportional and very attractive: young specimens have a spherical cap with a slight greenish tint; with age it turns white and elongates. Pale toadstools are often confused with young floats (conditionally edible mushrooms), champignons and russula, and since one large specimen can easily poison several adults, if there is the slightest doubt, it is better not to put a suspicious or dubious specimen in the basket.
Red fly agaric, is probably familiar to everyone. It is very beautiful, with a bright red cap covered with white spots. Can grow either singly or in groups.
Satanic- one of the most common doubles porcini mushroom. It can be easily distinguished by its light cap and brightly colored stem, which is not typical for boletus mushrooms.

Figure 5. Dangerous inedible varieties: 1 - toadstool, 2 - red fly agaric, 3 - satanic mushroom

In fact, everyone edible double There is false double, which disguises itself as a real one and can end up in the basket of an inexperienced amateur quiet hunt. But, in fact, the biggest mortal danger represents the pale grebe.

Note: Not only the fruiting bodies of pale toadstools themselves are considered poisonous, but even their mycelium and spores, therefore it is strictly forbidden to even put them in a basket.

Most inedible varieties cause stomach pain and symptoms severe poisoning, and it is enough for a person to provide medical care. In addition, many inedible varieties have an unattractive appearance and low taste qualities, so you can only eat them by accident. However, you should always be aware of the danger of poisoning, and carefully review all the loot you bring from the forest.

The most dangerous inedible mushrooms are described in detail in the video.

The main difference between hallucinogenic drugs and other types is that they have a psychotropic effect. Their action is in many ways similar to narcotic substances Therefore, their intentional collection and use is punishable by criminal liability.

Common hallucinogenic varieties include(Figure 6):

Fly agaric red- ordinary inhabitant deciduous forests. In ancient times, tinctures and decoctions from it were used as an antiseptic, immunomodulatory agent and intoxicant for various rituals among the peoples of Siberia. However, it is not recommended to eat it, not so much because of the hallucination effect, but because of severe poisoning.
Stropharia shit got its name from the fact that it grows directly on piles of feces. Representatives of the variety are small, with brown hats, sometimes with a shiny and sticky surface.
Paneolus campanulata (bell-shaped asshole) also grows mainly on soils fertilized with manure, but can also be found simply on swampy plains. The color of the cap and stem is from white to gray, the flesh is gray.
Stropharia blue-green prefers tree stumps coniferous trees, growing on them singly or in groups. You won't be able to eat it by accident, as it has a very unpleasant taste. In Europe, this stropharia is considered edible and is even bred on farms, while in the USA it is considered poisonous due to several deaths.

Figure 6. Common hallucinogenic varieties: 1 - red fly agaric, 2 - stropharia shit, 3 - paneolus bell-shaped, 4 - blue-green stropharia

Most hallucinogenic species grow in places where edible species simply will not take root (overly swampy soils, completely rotten tree stumps and piles of manure). In addition, they are small, mostly on thin legs, so it is difficult to confuse them with edible ones.

Poisonous mushrooms: photos and names

All poisonous varieties are in one way or another similar to edible ones (Figure 7). Even the deadly pale grebe, especially young specimens, can be confused with russula.

For example, there are several boletus doubles - Le Gal boletus, beautiful and purple, which differ from the real ones by the too bright color of the stem or cap, as well as unpleasant smell pulp. There are also varieties that are easily confused with honey mushrooms or russula (for example, fiber and govorushka). Gall is similar to white, but its pulp has a very bitter taste.

Figure 7. Poisonous counterparts: 1 - purple boletus, 2 - gallbladder, 3 - royal fly agaric, 4 - yellow-skinned champignon

There are also poisonous doubles honey mushrooms, which differ from the real ones by the absence of a leathery skirt on the leg. Poisonous varieties include fly agarics: toadstool, panther, red, royal, stinking and white. Cobwebs are easily disguised as russula, saffron milk caps or boletuses.

There are also several types poisonous champignons. For example, the yellow-skinned one can easily be confused with an ordinary edible specimen, but when heat treatment it emits a distinct unpleasant odor.

Unusual mushrooms of the world: names

Despite the fact that Russia is truly a mushroom country, very unusual specimens can be found not only here, but throughout the world.

We offer you several options for unusual edible and poisonous varieties with photos and names(Figure 8):

Blue- bright azure color. Found in India and New Zealand. Despite the fact that its toxicity has been little studied, it is not recommended to eat it.
Bleeding tooth- a very bitter variety that is theoretically edible but unappealing appearance and poor taste make it unfit for food. Found in North America, Iran, Korea and some European countries.
Bird's nest- an unusual New Zealand variety that really resembles a bird’s nest in shape. Inside the fruiting body there are spores that spread around under the influence of rainwater.
Comb blackberry also found in Russia. Its taste is similar to shrimp meat, and its appearance resembles a shaggy heap. Unfortunately, it is rare and is listed in the Red Book, so it is grown mainly artificially.
Giant golovach- a distant relative of the champignon. It is also edible, but only young specimens with white flesh. Found everywhere in deciduous forests, fields and meadows.
Devil's Cigar- not only very beautiful, but also a rare variety that is found only in Texas and several regions of Japan.

Figure 8. Most unusual mushrooms world: 1 - blue, 2 - bleeding tooth, 3 - bird's nest, 4 - combed blackberry, 5 - giant bighead, 6 - devil's cigar

Another unusual representative is considered to be the cerebral tremor, which is found mainly in temperate climate. You cannot eat it, as it is deadly poisonous. We have brought you far full list unusual varieties, since specimens of strange shape and color are found all over the world. Unfortunately, most of them are inedible.

Review unusual mushrooms world is shown in the video.

Plate and tubular: names

All mushrooms are divided into lamellar and tubular, depending on the type of pulp on the cap. If it resembles a sponge, it is tubular, and if stripes are visible under the cap, then it is plate-like.

The most famous representative of the tubular ones is considered to be white, but this group also includes boletus, boletus and boletus. Perhaps everyone has seen the lamellar one: it is the most common champignon, but it is among the lamellar varieties that there are the most poisonous ones. Among the edible representatives are russula, saffron milk caps, honey mushrooms and chanterelles.

Number of mushroom species on earth

Speech therapy sessions with children are much more productive if you use a special visual material. This is especially necessary when personal experience The baby (on the topic under discussion) is not too big. For example, preschoolers rarely see mushrooms and have vague ideas about their different types, so high-quality images of these “ forest gifts"allow not only to develop children's speech, but also to significantly enrich knowledge about the surrounding world and nature.

If you want to use pictures of mushrooms for activities with children, then you should consider several rules for their use:

Give your child the opportunity to take a good look and study new images in each drawing, and only then use them for educational exercises or games.
Pay attention to the quality of the pictures. It is best to use special speech therapy sets of illustrations produced for kindergarten, but you can also take realistic images from the Internet or use photographs.
Be sure to choose a variety handout– both subject pictures and plot ones. The first are small cards with single images of mushrooms, and the second are illustrations of a real (hedgehog with mushrooms) or fairy-tale (series of pictures Under a mushroom) situation on the topic. For the development of speech in preschoolers, both types of visual material are necessary.
Any illustration for classes must be made in a realistic manner, accurately repeating all the elements external structure one or another object.
It is most convenient to use cards with names that older preschoolers can read themselves.
Images of mushrooms on a transparent background significantly expand the possibilities of using them when composing stories.

Cards by Glen Doman on the topic “Mushrooms”:

Quests

Representatives of this natural kingdom so many that each type allows you to offer the child special tasks. To do this, of course, you need to choose suitable pictures with mushrooms for children, as close as possible to natural ones.

Russula

What color are the caps of these mushrooms?
Explain what their name says?

Count: one honey fungus - two honey mushrooms - three...
Think and tell us why honey mushrooms are often called “friendly”?

Compare the fox and the fox. How is the chanterelle mushroom similar to the red animal?
What kind of fox can you see in the kitchen? (fried, boiled, pickled, dried, salted, fresh)

Where does boletus like to grow most? Which tree “gave” its name to him?
What can you call a grove in which only aspen boletuses grow? (aspen, aspen)

boletus

What happens if you pull out mushrooms by the roots, rather than trim them with a knife? Why can't this be done?
In which forest can boletus be found most often (in a birch grove, in a birch forest).

Boletus (white mushroom)

Describe the appearance of the boletus.
Explain why it is also called “white”?
Can someone hide under a mushroom if it has grown very large?

Why can't you pick fly agarics?
What other inedible mushrooms do you know?

Pale grebe

Tell me about what it is poisonous mushrooms and why pale toadstools considered so dangerous to people?
Why doesn't anyone pick up harmful mushrooms?

Games

Different pictures of mushrooms for children allow you to conduct many different kinds of speech therapy games. Here are some examples:

Collecting mushrooms

Each player chooses one picture of a mushroom and tries to describe it external features. If the other player guesses right, the card goes to him. The one who collects the most pictures wins.

How are we similar?

An adult chooses two cards (boletus-boletus, white-boletus, russula-fly agaric) and invites the children to see as many differences between them as possible. The last one to answer wins.

Cheerful cooks

Invite the children to “cook” a lunch of different edible mushrooms that they know. Everyone must choose one picture and name a dish that can be prepared with one or another mushroom (for example: porcini mushroom soup, pickled boletus, boletus mushrooms in sour cream, salted milk mushrooms, etc.

Oh, what a honey fungus we have!

The image of any mushroom is passed from one player to another. Everyone names one of its signs, distinctive features external building. The winner is the participant who can see and name some detail last.

Tales from storytellers

Ask each player to choose one specially selected picture of a mushroom for children. Then everyone has to come up with short story about your character. Tell about his character, habits, activities. For example, Borovik is the king of all mushrooms in the forest, he is strict and important, busy from morning to evening state affairs, loves to play football and play the balalaika. Older preschoolers can be asked to come up (in a circle) with a whole story about the mushroom kingdom; everyone can draw illustrations for the fairy tale together.

Mosaic: find a piece

Make cut-out pictures from the cards and invite your child to assemble them. You can use drawings of poisonous and edible mushrooms for this game.

Full basket

Invite your child to select several cards (he will need a small basket for this), memorize them well and repeat all the names by heart without looking into the basket again. Each player can try to become a mushroom picker by collecting their own set of cards.

Riddles

It is very useful to teach riddles on a chosen topic with children. This helps not only to train the preschooler’s memory and attention, but also significantly increases it vocabulary, and also allows you to automate difficult sounds. Here is a selection of suitable riddles called Basket of Mushrooms for Kids:

Coloring pages

Coloring pictures is very important for the development of a baby’s fine motor skills, for his speech development. For younger preschoolers need to offer larger, simpler outline images of the most famous mushrooms(white, fly agaric), and for older children it would be more correct to select drawings with miniature honey mushrooms, chanterelles, and russula. Make sure that children do the work only with pencils; it is this condition that ensures the value of coloring books.

The article describes in detail the process of drawing mushrooms with a pencil. It will interest those people who are interested in drawing or who still dream of learning how to draw. This master class will also be useful for parents who want to get their children interested in drawing and teach them how to draw.

Many inexperienced artists think about how to draw mushrooms. To correctly draw mushrooms with a pencil and then color them, you can look at beautiful and clear photographs that can be found in encyclopedias and educational magazines. Or you can draw mushrooms in the forest from life, if possible. In nature, it is most convenient to make sketches with a simple pencil or pen, and you can color them at home.

Before you draw a mushroom you need to prepare:

1. Liner;
2. Pencil;
3. Pencils of various shades;
4. Eraser;
5. Landscape sheet.

It’s better to draw mushrooms step by step:

1. Draw the stems of three mushrooms and a line to represent the ground.

2. Sketch the mushroom caps. For now, the mushrooms look like hammers, but this is just a sketch; later the drawing will become more realistic.

3. Draw the cap of the extreme fungus.

4. Draw the bottom of the cap big mushroom.

5. Draw top part mushroom caps.

6. Draw the cap of the last fungus.

7. Draw blades of grass and a leaf lying on the cap of one of the mushrooms.

8. Outline the image with a liner.

9. Use an eraser to remove the pencil sketch.

10. Color the cap and fungus of the small mushroom. When coloring and drawing mushrooms, take into account the features of their structure. For example, in this case, russula are depicted, the caps of which come in different shades. The caps of porcini mushrooms can be colored brown, rather than yellow or red. And fly agarics, for example, have a characteristic “skirt” on their legs.

11. Color the cap of a large mushroom using yellow, brown and red tones of pencils.

12. Shade the bottom of the mushroom cap and its stem with pencils in gray and brown shades.

13. Color the third mushroom with the same colors as the big one.

14. Color the grass and the leaf with a green pencil.

Drawing forest mushrooms ready. It will also not be difficult for children to draw mushrooms, especially if their parents help them. Kids will certainly enjoy coloring mushrooms not only with pencils, but also with felt-tip pens or paints.