White mushroom and its dangerous double. What dangerous mushroom is the counterpart of the porcini mushroom? Types and varieties of edible champignons
White mushrooms, chanterelles, honey mushrooms, champignons, russula... Russian forests can boast an abundance of a wide variety of mushrooms. The diversity of their species is precisely what leads to severe poisoning, reports of which have been reported since the beginning of every mushroom season appear in the media. When going on a “quiet hunt”, it would be a good idea to remember what mushroom doubles look like and how they differ from the representatives that are so desirable in our basket. After all, awareness is a reliable way to avoid the serious consequences of poisoning with the “wrong” gifts of the forest.
There are no mushrooms more toxic than toadstools - the insidious counterparts of russula and champignon mushrooms. Many people believe that its appearance should resemble something foul-smelling, fragile and delicate. In fact, the appearance of this poisonous mushroom inspires confidence: a large, rather fleshy fruit with a “skirt” on the stem and a good smell. IN at a young age The toadstool resembles an oblong egg. The color of the cap is white, yellowish-olive or light green. This one can be found from June to October in both coniferous and deciduous forests. The result of tasting toadstool is usually fatal. Moreover, the symptoms of poisoning manifest themselves only after a day and quickly pass. On days 7-10, a person dies from acute renal or liver failure.
Often dangerous mushroom lookalikes bear an incredible resemblance to their edible “twins.” So, gall mushroom, which is found in mid-summer to September coniferous forests, easily confused with white. Experienced mushroom pickers identify gall fungus by its white tubular layer, pinkish flesh and bitterness. This mushroom is not poisonous. At the same time, it is inedible. If it accidentally ends up in a cooked dish, it will be impossible to correct the bitter taste of the food.
Satanic mushroom is less similar to white than gall mushroom, however, and it sometimes ends up on the dinner table. Dangerous and can be identified by its pulp. It is yellowish in color and turns blue or slightly red when cut.
There are lookalikes of the mushrooms known as common honey mushrooms. False mushrooms growing in large groups on rotting wood, there are several species. Two of these are considered the most dangerous: sulfur-yellow and brick-red false mushrooms. It is important to be able to distinguish poisonous from edible honey mushrooms, for which it is enough to carefully look at the characteristic color of the cap and the absence of scales on it. There is no “skirt” ring on the leg of the poisonous honey fungus. While real honey fungus emits a pleasant, typically mushroom smell, false ones smell unpleasant.
Mushroom lookalikes, very similar to chanterelles, are considered conditionally edible. They are also called chanterelles, only false ones. You can find orange-red mushrooms with caps wrapped in a funnel on the stumps and trunks of coniferous trees.
Mushroom pickers collect forest gifts to derive undoubted health benefits from them. But almost all have their antipodes, which, if they do not turn out to be fatally poisonous, are then unsuitable for consumption. You can save yourself from many of the troubles that duplicate edible mushrooms cause if you avoid dubious ones and add to the basket only those mushrooms that you are 100 percent sure of.
Along with edible mushrooms, poisonous ones also grow in the forest. Some of them are very different from their edible counterparts and end up in mushroom pickers’ baskets only due to an absurd mistake. However, there are others. The so-called false mushrooms can copy exactly in appearance edible varieties, but be poisonous.
Every mushroom picker should know exactly which mushrooms have false doubles. How to distinguish edible fruiting bodies from false ones. To learn this, it is necessary to consider the most insidious varieties that mimic noble breeds.
Seventh place - false waves
These mushrooms are classified as false waves or false saffron milk caps, outwardly they can resemble both. People call them whites and are classified as conditionally edible. You need to be able to cook them correctly, pre-soaking and boiling them. If you neglect this need, there is a risk of poisoning, which will be expressed in the form of a moderate gastrointestinal disorder. The flaccid milkweed, the spiny milkweed - all of them can be confused with the moths.
Sixth place - false pigs
Real pigs, also known as mullein, are not collected by all mushroom pickers, although some value them highly. The mushroom is suitable for frying and pickling and has a slightly sour taste. There are several varieties of this mushroom, similar to each other, one of them is poisonous - this is the alder pig. It has a thin stalk, while the edible species of this mushroom have a thick stalk.
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Fifth place - false values
Valui are amber-colored mushrooms covered with a mucous membrane. Initially they are round, then, as they grow, the cap opens and becomes flat. They are collected for further salting; in many regions they are considered a delicacy. However, this mushroom has a dangerous false double– the so-called horseradish mushroom, which has the smell of horseradish.
The stem of this mushroom is covered with scales. Gebeloma coal-loving - another one dangerous double with a sharp bitterness in taste. This mushroom is also amber in color, slimy, but does not have the specific round shape of the valuu, as well as its large size.
Fourth place - false saffron milk caps
False saffron milk caps are a mildly toxic mushroom, but if you eat a large portion, you can become poisoned. Like saffron milk caps, saffron milk caps are confused with milkweeds, especially gray-pink ones, which often live in the same places where saffron milk caps grow, because they require similar conditions. Gray-pink milkweed can be dangerous. To distinguish this mushroom, simply press on it. A whitish juice with an unpleasant odor comes out of the milkweed.
Third place - false chanterelles
Chanterelles are exceptional healthy mushrooms, which delight not only with an abundance of protein, useful substances, but also with its special properties. They are even taken abroad, as it is believed that they remove radioactive substances, help in the fight against cancer, have antiseptic properties. Besides all this, they simply have a pleasant taste. That’s why mushroom pickers always rejoice when they see a clearing of these beautiful mushrooms. But the meal can end in disaster, because this type of mushroom has a false double that is poisonous.
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The talker prefers to live not in the fallen leaves of birch groves, like a real fox, but on stumps and dead trees. While chanterelles live in whole families, this mushroom is often found alone. But even one mushroom will be enough to get all the signs of acute poisoning.
The false chanterelle has a brighter color, while the real one is muted in color. The real one has wavy edges, often uneven, while the fake one is folded proportionally. If you press on a real fox, a bright spot will come out. But a false one will not give any trace. Moreover, she has bad smell. Experienced mushroom pickers generally advise paying attention to the smell of mushrooms more often and avoiding unpleasantly smelling fruiting bodies.
Second place - false mushrooms
Honey mushrooms are also very popular, they have an excellent taste, are suitable for preparing for the winter, and are perfectly stored. This is a versatile and easy to collect mushroom. He has a dangerous double that is important to avoid. False honey agaric does not have a membrane that remains on the stem of the present.
The real one has a pleasant smell, while the inedible one has an earthy smell that is not very attractive. The plates under the cap of real specimens are lighter, and there are scales on top. False honey mushrooms have a brighter color than the real ones - everything here is the same as with chanterelles.
We have all heard that there are doubles of edible mushrooms, the use of which can be dangerous to our life and health. But what to do if you are going to the forest for the first time and don’t know how to distinguish edible from poisonous? That is why today we will tell you what real twin mushrooms look like. And we will talk about fly agarics, gall mushrooms and silverfish. We’ll also tell you what mushrooms they are most often confused with. We have all heard about the porcini mushroom, which is considered the standard. For example, mushroom pickers often evaluate their “harvest” by quantity. But, unfortunately, if you are not a professional, then this species can be easily confused with gall. So let's figure out how we can maintain our health. We have already decided on the name of the dangerous double of the porcini mushroom. Now let's talk about how to distinguish it from the original. First of all, you need to pay attention to the leg. If it is evenly covered with a light mesh, then it is most likely a white mushroom. But if the mesh is dark and located only on the upper part of the leg, then you need to look at this specimen more carefully. Then, in order to be sure whether it is a porcini mushroom or not, make a small cut on the stem. If the flesh remains white a few minutes after the cut, then this is definitely an edible product. But if the flesh turns pink, then such a “harvest” should be thrown away immediately, since you managed to pick a gall fungus. By the way, another double of the porcini mushroom is considered to be satanic. Its distinctive feature is a reddish mesh throughout the leg and a red tubular layer. And a few minutes after the cut, the flesh may turn dark purple. This species is most often confused with the white fly agaric. And, as you know, it is quite dangerous for our lives. The differences between champignon and white fly agaric are as follows: 1. Egg-shaped cap. The pulp has a pleasant smell. After touching, the cap may turn yellow; 2. The plates are pinkish or light red. They may also be dark brown; 3. The leg has a cylindrical shape, expanding closer to the base. Approximately in the middle of the leg there is a small white circle with a yellowish coating. 1. The hat at the very top is rounded-conical in shape, closer to the bottom it becomes more spread out. The flesh of the cap has an unpleasant odor; 2. The plates are located very freely. Most often they are white. They may also be light pink; 3. The leg is thin, slightly swollen near the base. The ring on the stem is quite wide and striped. If you know about such distinctive features, then the likelihood of consuming a poisonous product will become much less. Now you understand that you need to carefully examine all the mushrooms so that there is no dangerous harvest in the basket. By the way, pale toadstools also belong to the family of white fly agarics. And a lot can be said about the consequences of poisoning with them. The fact is that all signs of poisoning with toadstool can appear some time after eating it. It is for this reason that people quite often do not even immediately remember what they ate. And, unfortunately, in most cases they simply do not have time to provide the necessary assistance in case of poisoning. Therefore, when collecting forest beauties, you need to be very careful. Honey mushrooms are also quite popular among gourmets. And most often the sulfur-yellow false stump is confused with them. In fact, these two mushrooms are really similar to each other. Therefore, if you are not one hundred percent sure that you are putting a healthy product in the basket, then it is better not to touch it at all. The real honey fungus has a cream or honey-yellow cap. The smell of the pulp is quite pleasant. False honey mushrooms are distinguished by a gray-yellow cap with a reddish dot on top. The plates are also gray-yellow or greenish. The leg has the same light yellow color. As you already understand, it is not difficult to confuse edible and poisonous mushrooms. Therefore, you need to clearly know what the consequences of poisoning may be. This way you can notice all the negative symptoms in time and consult a doctor. So, the main symptoms of such poisoning include: Such signs may appear within one and a half to two hours after eating a poisoned product. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately call a doctor or ambulance. If you have to wait for a doctor for some time, try to lie down and drink plenty of warm water. This way you will prevent the poison from spreading throughout all tissues in the body. By the way, there is a risk of poisoning from edible mushrooms. But this can only happen if you wash them poorly. The point here is that the soil may contain spore-bearing bacilli, which are the causative agents of such a serious disease as botulism. Signs of such a disease include complete or partial blurred vision, headache, convulsions or difficulty breathing. Attention! If you notice at least two of all the listed symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor. After all, the consequences can be very negative. As you can see, such gifts of the forest can significantly ruin our lives. And in case of unfavorable development of events, such poisoning can have a fatal outcome. Therefore, before eating a mushroom, be sure to make sure that it is non-poisonous. If you don’t have such confidence, then you should show your “harvest” to knowledgeable people or throw it away out of harm’s way. Be healthy! by the materials mjusli.ru
We've all heard that doubles exist. edible mushrooms, the use of which can be dangerous to our life and health. But what to do if you are going to the forest for the first time and don’t know how to distinguish edible from poisonous? That is why today we will tell you what real... Even when collecting familiar mushrooms, there is a risk of putting a toxic specimen in the basket. After all, in addition to the usual red fly agarics or conventional toadstools, in the forest you can find poisonous or simply inedible mushrooms, very similar to edible ones. In some cases, a mistake can cost your life, so you should carefully inspect everything you put in the basket. What to pay attention to and where to expect a catch? We have made a selection of common dangerous doubles Summer honey fungus is probably not as popular as autumn honey mushroom, but it also has its admirers. And they should take note that this mushroom has a very dangerous double - fringed galerina. What are the differences? Firstly, the summer honey fungus bears fruit in large clumps. In turn, galerina, even if it grows in groups, usually grows together in no more than 2-3 mushrooms. Secondly, the leg: the lower part of the honey mushroom is scaly, while that of the double is fibrous. In general, honey mushrooms are larger: their cap can reach up to 6 cm in diameter, and that of the galerina - more often up to 3 cm. If there is even the slightest doubt, it is better to discard the find. Galerina fringed is deadly poisonous! Another double summer honey fungus- false honey fungus, sulfur-yellow. Unlike the edible one, this specimen does not have a ring. There are also differences in smell: an edible mushroom emits a pleasant mushroom aroma, while a false one has a more muted smell. Sulfur-yellow false honey fungus is not as poisonous as galerina fringed, but the consequences are also unpleasant: its use can cause abdominal cramps and mild poisoning. The key difference between a champignon and its poisonous twin is the color of the plates on the bottom of the cap. If in the pale toadstool they are always white, then in the edible mushroom they are pink, and with age they become brown. At first glance, it’s simple, but in practice, objectively determining the color, especially of a young mushroom, is not so easy: experience, lighting, and color perception are all important here. The rule is the same: if in doubt, it is better to refuse to collect small, separately growing champignons. Eating toadstool can cost your life! To distinguish russula from toadstool, you need to pay attention to the stem. Firstly, in a toxic mushroom it noticeably thickens downwards and has a well-defined volva - a filmy wrapper in the lower part of the stalk, which is formed as a result of the rupture of the protective sac from which the mushroom grew. In young toadstools this sac may still be intact - then there will be a tuber at the base. Secondly, the pale toadstool has a ring at the top of the leg, which you will not find on the green russula. These mushrooms are similar only at first glance. There are several criteria. The color of the double is brighter, the mushroom is bright orange or orange with a brown tint, and the edge is always lighter than in the center. Color real fox varies from light yellow to yellow-orange, and the cap is uniformly colored. The shape of the hat also matters. The false one has smooth, neatly rounded edges, while the real one has wavy edges, almost always irregular shape. The plates of a real chanterelle are dense, thick, they go down the stem of the mushroom, becoming part of it. In the false one, they are thinner and more frequent; they also go down the stem of the mushroom, but do not pass into it. A mistake in this case is unlikely to result in death: false chanterelles- not an edible mushroom, but does not cause serious poisoning. Still, you should not let your guard down. To distinguish the double of the king of the mushroom kingdom from the real one porcini mushroom, in principle, not difficult. First, pay attention to the leg. The gall fungus has a pattern on it in the form of a dense brown mesh. Some types of boletus also have it, but it is thinner and always white. Secondly, the flesh of the gall fungus darkens when cut and becomes pinkish-brown. This does not happen with porcini mushrooms. Thirdly, pay attention to the tubular layer: in a young bitterling it is white, in an adult mushroom it is pinkish or dirty pink, in a boletus it is white, yellowish or greenish. The gall mushroom is inedible, although not poisonous. The reason for inedibility is strong bitterness, which cannot be removed even with prolonged use. culinary processing. That’s why one of its names is “gorchak”. There are many popular “tests” invented! For example, supposedly worms and snails do not touch toxic mushrooms. Or - milk will curdle if you throw it in poisonous mushroom. Another fiction: onions or garlic will turn brown when cooked, and silver will turn black if poison has gotten into the pan. Leading specialist of the mycology laboratory of the Institute of Experimental Botany named after V.F. Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences Olga Gapienko emphasizes: “There are no typical signs of mushroom toxicity! Take even the smell and taste. Classic example: pale grebe smells nice and has sweet taste. And the funnel smells bad, but it is non-poisonous. So there are no methods, there is only knowledge of mushrooms.” This program is essentially a convenient automated reference book. All mushrooms are divided into 6 categories: edible - known, little-known and conditionally edible, inedible - little-known and poisonous plus with unknown properties. For each mushroom - photo and detailed description. How will such a program help? For example, you found a mushroom - by all appearances it appears to be white, but the color of the cap is unusual. Go to the application, and here there are 6 types. You choose the most suitable one from the photo and compare the information with what you see in front of you: do all the signs match? If nothing is in doubt, feel free to put the mushroom in the basket. EcoGuide: mushrooms The application consists of three parts: an atlas-encyclopedia, a textbook and, most interestingly, a mushroom identification guide. Let's take a closer look at the latter. The program allows you to find out what kind of mushroom you are holding in your hands. To do this, you need to enter a number of external morphological characteristics - the shape of the fruiting body, the parameters of the cap, stem, and so on, 22 points in total. One of the obvious advantages of the application is that you can work with it without an Internet connection. The downside, however, is justified - the program is paid. IN Google Market it costs $3.99. I'm going home The application has nothing directly to do with searching for mushrooms, but it will help you get out of the forest if silent hunt got carried away and you don’t know how to get back. To do this, you need to open the program at home, turn on GPS and wait until the application receives the coordinates of your location. Save this data, after which you can close the program and even turn off the phone. When you decide to return home from the forest, open the application and click the “Going home” button. With the help of voice prompts, the program will take you to the desired point. But keep in mind: it does not see the terrain and forms the shortest route without taking into account obstacles. So it’s better to use this option as a backup - in case you can’t get a connection and use online navigators. Kira Stoletova Champignons are a popular type of mushroom that is easy to grow at home. There is not only edible species, but also false champignons. They pose a danger to humans and should not be eaten. Fake champignons differ depending on the age and place where they grow. The most common mushrooms are those of a reddish hue, which are called yellow-skinned. Also familiar is the type of false champignon called “flat-headed”. It has a sharp, unpleasant odor reminiscent of iodine. The color of the false champignon cap may vary. If the mushroom grows in a well-lit clearing, it will have a grayish tint. Organisms growing in forests are beige in color with an orange tone. A young false champignon has white plates under the cap, which darken and turn black with age. They are easy to distinguish because real mushrooms have a rough cap, sometimes covered with scales, while the look-alike has a smooth skin. The false champignon has a stem 10 cm high and 2.5 cm in diameter. It is cylindrical in shape, slightly thickened at the bottom. There is a double ring in the middle white. Under the cap there are thin, frequent white plates with a pinkish tint. In older mushrooms they become dark brown in color. False (poisonous) and real champignons are often confused, and this is deadly. The poisonous counterpart of the champignon has a dark circle in the center of the cap; when pressed, yellowish spots appear. This verification method does not provide an exact guarantee, so it should be combined with other methods. You can find a false champignon among the real ones by the following characteristics: These are insidious mushrooms, even after long cooking toxic substances they do not disintegrate. Inedible champignon looks like a toadstool, white fly agaric, smelly fly agaric and meadow mushrooms. They have a similar color and cap shape, which sometimes resembles a chanterelle mushroom. False champignons most often appear in July in mixed and deciduous forests; they can also be found in clearings in city parks. Real champignons look different. The cut area has a pinkish tint. Also, the edible mushroom begins to grow in May, while the false mushroom begins to grow only in mid-summer. The inedible champignon actively absorbs toxic substances from the soil. Consumption of such mushrooms leads to severe intoxication. Toxoids block the production of deoxyribonucleic acid, causing healthy cells to die. This affects the kidneys, intestines and liver the most. A large portion of mushrooms eaten can be fatal. IN poisonous champignons There are also substances that negatively affect proteins. This causes disruption of the contraction of the heart muscles. The first sign of poisoning is vomiting and stomach upset. These symptoms appear within 2-3 hours. Later, stomach colic appears. Similar symptoms are caused by toadstool and poisonous meadow mushrooms. There are several stages of champignon poisoning. Their description: In case of poisoning with false champignons, it is necessary to call ambulance still at the first stage of poisoning. Before her arrival, it is important to remove toxins from the body. Description of first aid: After hospitalization, the patient undergoes detoxification. This can be an enema, gastric lavage or hemodialysis. The choice of treatment method depends on how much dangerous product ate by the sick person.
Porcini mushroom's dangerous doppelgänger
Dangerous mushroom double champignon
Poisonous mushroom double honey fungus
The plates are also light yellow or cream. The leg at the base can be brown, black or brown. And on top the leg is white. If you take it in your hand, the leg should feel velvety to the touch.Signs of poisoning by false mushrooms
Fly agaric poisoning has some peculiarities. In this case, one can note such signs of poisoning as delirium, the appearance of hallucinations, or the manifestation of a state that may be similar to insanity.Related Tagged Posts
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Summer honey mushrooms. 
Galerina bordered.
False honey fungus is sulfur-yellow.Champignon - pale toadstool (white)
Champignon. 
Pale grebe.Green russula - pale toadstool (greenish-gray)
Green russula.
Pale grebe.Real fox - false fox
The fox is real.
The fox is false.White mushroom - gall mushroom (gorchak)
White mushroom. 
Gall mushroom.Fairy tales for adults
It is unlikely that any question has given rise to as many myths as the determination of the toxicity of mushrooms. Smartphone to the rescue
What apps will be useful to you?
Mushrooms of Belarus
Description of the appearance of the mushroom
Differences between false and edible champignon
Virulence
Symptoms of poisoning
Treatment for poisoning
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