"observation as a professional quality of a psychologist and teacher." Chapter II

Observation as a personality quality is the ability to notice significant, characteristic, but subtle, eluding details, details and properties of phenomena, facts, objects.

The king sent two ambassadors on a friendly visit to the neighboring country. “See if our neighbors are plotting war against us,” the king ordered the ambassadors. The ambassadors were received well, accommodated in the best rooms, fed sumptuous dinners, and invited to balls. The ambassadors returned and began to tell the king about their trip. - Don't be afraid, king. Our neighbors are kind and hospitable,” the first ambassador said with a smile. - We were received as the most dear guests. I have never tried such dishes as there in my life: roast sea monster, apples of paradise, nightingales’ tongues in wine sauce. We were served a hundred dishes and a hundred wines, just like royalty. The ambassador spent a long time listing what he ate and drank in the neighboring kingdom. Then the second ambassador took the floor: “Our neighbors are plotting war.” We urgently need to gather an army and strengthen the borders. Firstly, every day we were not fed according to rank. We were served a hundred dishes and a hundred wines each, so that we would eat more and look around less. Secondly, we were accompanied everywhere by a crowd of royal friends, but they were military men, judging by their bearing. Thirdly, we were shown one new weapons factory. I heard in a conversation that this was the fifth plant, and I realized that there were four more. The plant was large, larger than any of our plants. The ambassador spoke for a long time about everything he saw and heard. The king rewarded the second ambassador and ordered him to prepare for war, and the king said to the first ambassador: “A stupid man talks about what he drank and ate, a smart man talks about what he saw and heard.”

Sometimes it helps to realize that it's not what you see that matters, but what you don't notice. Sometimes the “dog is buried” in what you don’t notice. Observation allows you to analyze - this family lives with such results, it has such friends, its members have such and such health, such and such happiness or unhappiness. Based on the analysis, a choice becomes possible. Observant man following the right way, clears your consciousness and exhibits healthy sensitivity. Quite sincerely he can declare: “I am a brilliant detective! I don't need help! I can even find a pimple on an elephant’s body. I fight like a lion. I work like a bee. And the scent is like that of a dog, And the eye is like that of an eagle.”

Observation needs no praise. Its main advantage is a keen vision of the world “here and now”, and not in the distant past and illusory future. Suffice it to say that a true scientist is, first of all, observant. In the “heap of affairs, the turmoil of phenomena,” you need to discard everything superficial, unimportant, abstract and then, on the basis of a vision cleared of vanities, return to a new understanding of the facts. In contemplation of the surrounding world and in self-awareness internal observation serves as a generator of ideas, a basis for inspiration, fuel for emotions, a basis for self-development and a path to a better understanding of the realities of life.

Observation is imbued with the life-giving energy of voluntary acquisition. The favorite of observation, the Russian writer Konstantin Paustovsky, believed that this personality quality is manifested in an inextricable connection with the audience's sensitivity: “A good eye is a gainful thing. Don't be lazy, work on your eyesight. Try looking at everything for a month or two with the thought that you absolutely must paint it. On the tram, on the bus, everywhere, look at people this way. And in two or three days you will be convinced that before this you did not see even a hundredth part of what you noticed now on their faces. And in two months you will learn to see, and you will no longer need to force yourself to do so.”

Observation, as an independent intellectual operation, is inherent in most animals, but observation is not exhausted in monitoring life situations. It manifests itself in close connection with curiosity, curiosity and constant readiness in the “here and now” mode to answer questions from the outside world. If we look at observation in the context of gender differences, then men need to modestly step aside. A woman will scan the relationships of a hundred unfamiliar couples in a matter of seconds, while a man will say that there were about a hundred people there.

Great writer- This is, first of all, observation. She becomes his first assistant in revealing human characters. Stefan Zweig in his novella “Twenty-four Hours in the Life of a Woman” writes: “I involuntarily raised my eyes and saw right in front of me - I even felt scared - two hands that I had never seen before: they grabbed each other like angry animals, and in a frantic fight they began to squeeze and squeeze each other so that their fingers made a dry crack, as if cracking a nut... I was frightened by their excitement, their insanely passionate expression, this convulsive clutch and single combat. I immediately felt that a man filled with passion had driven this passion into his fingertips so as not to be blown up by it himself.”

• OBSERVATION
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• ATTENTIVENESS
• INTERACTIVE TRAINING
• PRACTICAL ORIENTATION OF TRAINING

This article discusses the issue of developing attentiveness and observation as the main professional qualities of employees of internal affairs bodies in the process vocational training using an interactive educational and methodological complex based on the use of non-linear flash video and a remote control system educational technologies.

• Information and communication mechanisms for creating a unified educational environment at the level of an educational institution
• The concept, goals and objectives of personal investigation in the operational activities of internal affairs officers
• Informatization of the educational process in the IPSA State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
• Technological goal setting within the educational field of “modern information technologies”
• Electronic textbook as an innovative teaching tool

Before considering the process of developing attentiveness and observation as one of the main professional qualities of employees of internal affairs bodies, it is necessary to understand the meaning of the concepts of “attentiveness” and “observation”. Under the term “attention”, according to the Dictionary of the Russian Language by S.I. Ozhegov, refers to the concentration of thoughts or vision, hearing on something. Accordingly, mindfulness as a personality quality is the ability to selectively and concentratedly focus one’s consciousness on any object. New dictionary methodological terms and concepts edited by E.G. Azimov and A.N. Shchukin, explains the term “observation” as a personality trait consisting in the ability to notice subtle details during perception, but essential for achieving a certain goal. The development of these personality traits allows one to increase cognitive ability and improve such qualities of memory as volume, accuracy of reproduction, speed of memorization and duration of retention of what has been learned.

Memory is one of psychological processes and types of mental activity designed to preserve, accumulate and reproduce information. This component of intellectual potential is the most important psychological prerequisite for the successful acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities, and a certain type of activity.

IN psychological structure various professions cognitive activity can have different content. This largely depends on the goals, objects, conditions and methods that determine the specifics cognitive activity. Specific features characterize memory and law enforcement. When implementing professional activity employees of internal affairs bodies have to constantly operate with various amounts of information: information, messages, reports, orientations, etc., so the employee’s memory is subject to heavy loads. It will be problematic for employees who do not have sufficient mental abilities to perform their job duties efficiently, therefore an important area of ​​employee training should be to increase cognitive activity aimed at developing such personality qualities as attentiveness and observation.

In his official activities, a police officer needs to identify individuals, identify persons prone to committing crimes and administrative offenses and other persons of interest to internal affairs bodies. Identification and detection is carried out according to external anatomical and functional characteristics, through direct visual perception or photography, video recording, verbal portrait. The effectiveness of this event directly depends on the above-mentioned personality qualities.

However, such important aspects as the determination and development of attentiveness and observation of employees of internal affairs bodies in the process of professional training are practically not reflected, or are reflected extremely poorly in work training programs. This is due to objective reasons, such as the need to attract extras, select and prepare places for practical classes, write a script, restrictions caused by the time frame for conducting classes, as well as other factors that inevitably arise when conducting this type of training outside the classroom.

In our opinion, the use of modern computer technology and the capabilities of multimedia allows us to largely compensate for these limitations.

In order to increase the efficiency of developing attentiveness and observation and minimize the costs of human, time and material resources, an interactive educational and methodological complex was developed that uses the capabilities of non-linear flash video.

The use of the developed educational and methodological complex makes it possible to determine the qualitative level of cognitive abilities of employees of internal organs, the ability to remember, store and reproduce objects and phenomena of the surrounding world. The complex consists of a number of interactive practical tasks that can be used not only to identify strengths and weaknesses memory, but also for their development.

Interactive practical tasks are carried out taking into account the following principles: motivation to perceive information, allowing you to overcome fatigue and apathy; availability of tasks; gradual complication; repeatability, that is, the ability to repeatedly search for the right solution.

In order to gradually complicate interactive tasks, all tests of the educational and methodological complex are divided into four groups.

The first group of tests consists of five video clips lasting sixty seconds. At the end of the story, the student will be asked a question and answer options, from which he must choose one correct one.

The teacher has the opportunity to control the process of completing practical tasks at any stage. If the student has completed the task correctly, he is asked to move on to the next stage, otherwise, the system notifies about the incorrect answer and recommends contacting the teacher.

The next group of tests is aimed at assessing and developing students’ memorization abilities, in particular to determine the volume and training of short-term memory.

Short-term memory is a component of human memory that allows you to retain a short time a small amount of information in a state suitable for immediate processing.

In this group of tests, the student is offered to watch five two-minute videos in which people come out of the building one by one. The student must visually remember as many objects as possible (people leaving the building) and at the end of each of the scenes, choose from the proposed photographs the person who appeared in the video, or answer that there were none of the persons presented for identification in this video.

What follows is a group of tests aimed at assessing and developing skills in recognizing faces from verbal portraits. This skill is very important for the professional activities of law enforcement officers. By doing this test, the test taker needs to carefully read the proposed description and, while watching videos, press the left mouse button on the selected character to indicate that the test taker recognizes him. If the person being tested correctly identifies the wanted person, then testing continues automatically. If the person being tested makes a mistake, the system notifies about the error and offers to start testing again by reading the description of the person being sought. The cycle is repeated until the test taker answers the question correctly, and then testing continues.

The specifics of the work of a law enforcement officer include the need to remember people’s faces without any additional information about them.

To perform this test, the test taker must carefully examine the proposed photograph and, while watching videos, press the left mouse button on the selected character to indicate that the test taker recognizes him. If the test taker correctly identifies the wanted person, he will be offered the next test. If the person being tested makes a mistake, the system notifies about the error and offers to start testing again by memorizing the photo of the wanted person. The cycle is repeated until the test taker answers the question correctly.

Testing is carried out in automatic mode, which eliminates the influence human factor or subjective opinion on the actions of persons participating in the procedure.

The shell of the developed educational and methodological complex was created using hypertext language and is a set of web pages with the *.html extension. The complex can be launched and used from any storage medium, or the complex can be integrated into the system used educational institution a system of distance educational technologies based on a global or local computer network.

In our opinion, in the context of the growing trend of professionalization and practical orientation of the process of training, search and transition to new forms of training as part of the initial training of employees of internal affairs bodies, active practical group training methods are of great interest. The need to introduce simulation (active) learning technology in optimal correlation with theoretical training is due to the fact that active methods training:

• ensure compliance of educational and cognitive activities with the nature of the practical (job) tasks and functions of the student;
• intensify the mental work of students, communication with the teacher and among themselves, collective interaction, develop professional thinking;
• create conditions for the formation of new and more tall forms motivation, conscious assimilation of the requirements and content of professional activity;
• have a significant emotional impact due to the exciting, competitive, playful, creative nature of the activity.

In the rapidly developing process of informatization, the development of information technologies and telecommunications, as well as in the conditions of a paradigm shift social development– transition to the information society, the use of interactive and distance learning technologies will improve the efficiency of support and control of the learning process.

Bibliography

1. Baranov A.M., Shipitsin V.A. Conducting comprehensive practical training as a way to increase the effectiveness of professional education (vocational training) of police officers. // “Improving fire and tactical-special training” All-Russian round table (2016; Orel). Collection of materials from the All-Russian round table “Improving fire and tactical-special training of law enforcement officers,” June 30, 2016: [collection of materials] / Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.V. Lukyanova. – Orel: OrYuI Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.V. Lukyanova, 2016. – S. – 23 – 26.
2. Shipitsin V.A.. 2015. T. 1. No. 31. P. 180 – 183.

Professional observation

The legal profession obliges employees to conduct constant observations of people’s behavior, their appearance, gait, facial expressions, gestures, etc.

Observation is understood as the process of purposeful perception of people, objects, events and phenomena. The main thing in observation is the ability to visually or with the help of hearing notice certain changes in the observed phenomenon, connect them with other phenomena and draw logical conclusions. Observant people are able to notice even minor details and draw important conclusions from them. Observation is inherent in all persons who have a central nervous system. But this does not mean that all people possess these qualities to the same extent. Poor ability to notice phenomena, lack of a plan in observation lead to the fact that people with poorly developed powers of observation will make significant mistakes when solving official problems. Legal work requires people with high level observation.

Psychologists have proven that observation skills develop in the process of specific activities. At the same time, its development is facilitated by special training exercises, as well as training with abstract objects Observation as a personality quality is formed by cultivating certain mental functions of a person’s sensations and perceptions.

A practicing lawyer should strive to notice everything in the observed object (victim, suspect, accused, etc.), phenomenon essential features, that is, to know its essence. The basis of cognition is sensations as a process of reflecting reality. Sensations are visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, etc. In the development of observation, the most important role is played by visual and auditory sensations.

The formation of observation skills also depends on the cultivation of attention. In psychology, it is understood as the direction and concentration of the psyche on certain observable objects or phenomena of life. Attention is included as a necessary component in all types of human mental activity. Without attention, deliberate perception, memorization and reproduction of information is impossible.

Observation as a personality quality develops in the conditions of practical activity. To become observant, you must first of all acquire the ability to observe, but this is only one of the stages in the development of this property. To transform a skill into a lasting quality, purposeful, planned and systematic training is needed. It is carried out in Everyday life legal worker, as well as with the help of special exercises.

The lawyer must strive to penetrate into the essence of the observed phenomenon, to notice all the significant signs related to the case materials. It is important to organize the observation, setting a certain, specific goal. Only a rationally set goal of observation concentrates our psychological capabilities and forms the necessary qualities.

In parallel with targeted observation, it is necessary to develop universal observation. Such observation provides a deeper and more versatile study of the object of observation. It is formed in the process practical work over an object from different points of view, that is, by setting different goals.

The development of observation skills should be based on the principles of purposefulness, planning and systematicity. Compliance with these principles provides a legal worker with observation as a personal quality.

Concept and meaning psychological observation. The most accessible and most widely applicable way of obtaining psychological information about a person of professional interest to an employee of a legal body is by observing him, observing him from the side, during a conversation, during professional contact. This can be realized through psychological observation - a special psychological action that a legal professional should master.

Psychological observation is a special psychological action that serves the decision law enforcement tasks and intended for study psychological characteristics people with whom a legal professional has to deal. 1 Its significance lies in its wide accessibility and efficiency (the ability to quickly obtain at least some information about a person and his psychology). Everything depends practically on the employee himself, his desire and his professionalism. Psychological observation is carried out using special psychological techniques, meeting its purpose, and specifying their rules. It would be a simplification to attribute his success only to a certain technique of work. Its implementation requires a professional to have a special stable internal attitude towards psychological observation, the presence of certain psychological knowledge, as well as increased psychological sensitivity(sensitivity to external manifestations of human psychology). All these components are interconnected. The very use of psychological observation techniques requires an up-to-date attitude, the desire and desire of a professional to use them. Inverse relationship - the practice of using techniques develops and strengthens attitude and psychological sensitivity, a professional habit arises, appropriate skills and abilities are formed, experience is accumulated, and knowledge is improved.

Psychological observation provides information about a person, but its reliability should not be overestimated. Man as an object of psychological observation is very complex and ambiguous. Much of it contains psychological information: how he entered the room, how he approached, how he sat down, where he put his hands, what phrase he said and why, why he lingered on one question and avoided another, why he lowered his eyes, when his eyelids fluttered, at whom and in what watched the moment and much more. All this amounts to language of external manifestations of human psychology (Fig. 8.3). Its meanings are probabilistic and, nevertheless, a professional should understand them. This language will tell a professional more than a person about himself. There are citizen “artists” who try to mask their real thoughts, attitudes, qualities, states, which, of course, to a certain extent makes it difficult to understand the language of external manifestations and read the latter. However, a true professional will confidently distinguish the feigned from the real, the sincere from the deceitful. The fact is that the “artist” lives a double inner life: a demonstrated one, intended for display, and a real one, “for internal use.” Constant transitions from one to another in the process of communication one way or another reveal this bifurcation in numerous signs of inconsistency. Even if a professional fails to formulate a clear psychological portrait person, then, based on the results of psychological observation, he develops dissatisfaction, assumptions, and suspicions, prompting him to carry out additional checks and, ultimately, to establish the truth.

Rice. 8.3. Observable signs of human psychology

The technique of selectivity and reliability of psychological observation. The interest of a law enforcement officer in surveillance is not idle curiosity, it is always specific. This specificity is expressed in interest in drawing up a psychological portrait (which, as noted above, in legal activity is always selective and accentuated) or individual psychological phenomena (for example, sincerity or deceit).

The rule of selectivity and determination recommends paying attention to the definition of observation tasks in each specific case, using recommendations for drawing up a psychological portrait, clarifying what external manifestations, acting as signs to be assessed psychological phenomena, subject to observation and recording.

Rule of complexity warns about the inadmissibility of categorical! psychological assessments based on a single recording of some signs; It is necessary to double-check the information, strengthening monitoring for their repeated manifestations. In addition, taking into account the integrity of the psyche, one should collect the widest possible range of information that corresponds to the structure of the psychological portrait. This will allow for more reliable assessment of individual manifestations.

Rule of resistance to socio-psychological effects that reduce the reliability of psychological observation. These include the effects of “first impression”, “first information”, halo, and inertia. In the context of law enforcement, preliminary or existing information about the person with whom he is meeting has a particularly strong and negative impact. They automatically form in him a search attitude, a perception in a person’s external data and behavior of what confirms the available information received from other persons or from documents. The rule requires always to be objective, not to succumb to first impressions, to be independent, to judge a person only by directly observed and verified facts, to double-check your impressions, and to be critical of the assessments made about him and his qualities.

A technique for identifying personality traits through observation. By appearance, facial expressions, pantomime, products of activity, words, speech, one can judge a number of qualities of a person. Rules:

By vocabulary, constructing a speech, expressing thoughts, answering questions judge his education, culture, professional affiliation, mental development, resourcefulness, criminalization, legal awareness, features of legal psychology, etc.;

by pronunciation assess his national and regional affiliation, possible place of birth and long-term residence, education;

by tempo of speech, intonation, gestures, expressiveness of facial expressions and expressiveness of speech assess his type of temperament, emotional balance, self-control, willpower, self-esteem, culture, system of value priorities. Thus, a person with a choleric temperament is fast, his speech rate is consistently high, his facial expressions are expressive, his behavior is characterized by impetuosity, impatience, and lack of restraint;

on things and objects, belonging to a person, - see §8.3.

Method of identifying criminally significant signs in observation. For a law enforcement officer, the significance of such signs is especially great.

Rule for assessing signs of criminalization of speech. Contamination of speech with words from criminal jargon is characteristic of some categories of modern youth. A derivative of their ideas about the “fashionability” and “modernity” of such a language is a certain psychological characteristic. Addresses such as “citizen chief”, “commander”, words and expressions characteristic of “thieves’ music” and the ability to “talk about a fiddle” deserve evaluation. The more there are, the more precise their word usage (which can be assessed by an employee familiar with criminal jargon), the more reliable the assessments.

Rules for paying attention to tattoos. For the most part, they are not just decorations and manifestations of perverted tastes, but carry a semantic load that reveals the attitude of its bearer to the law, law enforcement officials, and devotion criminal world, status in the criminal environment, talk about plans for the future, the nature of criminal activity, the number of “sentences”, etc. Often located on visible parts of the human body (hands, fingers, ears, nose, etc.), they should not go unnoticed and not interpreted psychologically.

The rule of observing gestures, movements, details of clothing, and behavioral habits. In the recent past, experienced employees very clearly noticed people who were (or were) related to the criminal world by short haircut, somewhat old-fashioned clothes, a tendency to wear padded jackets or leather jackets, the absence of a tie (“noose”), a jacket thrown over the shoulders, a mannered gait, etc. Nowadays, most of these signs are outdated, but some have survived. Characterized by intense gestures, expressive movements of the hand and fingers (in the criminal world, in places of deprivation of liberty, gestures are used for the silent exchange of information and communication), a certain manner of entering a room, gait, communication behavior, squatting against a wall, simulation of illnesses, method storage of certain things, peculiarities of waiting (three steps in one direction, three in the other), calling some people and himself by nickname, inability to use a knife and fork in the dining room, the habit of mixing different dishes in one, the presence of expensive rings on the fingers, etc. Of course, not each of these signs can be interpreted unambiguously, but taken together they become more definite. Sharpers, pickpockets and a number of other criminal “specialties” have their own characteristic habits and signs. The development of a complex of signs deserves further development by legal psychology.

A technique for identifying signs of a person engaged in criminal activity in observation. Today, however, in most cases it is not difficult to judge who leads a criminal lifestyle; The main difficulty is in obtaining evidence. Still, it is important to understand this, because persons occupying high places in the criminal hierarchy often prefer to stay in the shadows.

The rule for monitoring signs of personality inconsistency. Often such signs are: a discrepancy between the detected qualities and the appearance that a person is trying to give himself (for example, the unexpected discovery of a sharp mind, observation, sophistication in objections and answers to questions, detailed and accurate knowledge in some area, which is difficult to expect, for example, a “simple”, inconspicuous person, leading a quiet and modest lifestyle, holding an ordinary position); demonstrative detection of “crystal” honesty, decency, selflessness, charity, etc.; increased readiness for self-defense, acute alertness, heightened reaction to suspicion and suspicion of others, strict self-control, etc.

The rule for monitoring signs of behavior of persons who are about to commit or have committed a crime, It is especially significant for police officers serving on the streets and in public places, private security, etc. Noteworthy:

Wariness, increased tension, nervousness, unnatural cheerfulness or swagger of a person, especially when he notices a police officer or the latter approaches him to check his documents;

Hasty or overly tense gait, indicating a desire not to draw attention to oneself;

Anxious, impulsive looking back (“is there any surveillance”) and to the sides;

The use of techniques for breaking away from surveillance (last-minute entry into a bus, metro and the same exit, numerous transport transfers, etc.);

Having objects, bundles, suitcases in your hands at night or in places where people rarely carry them;

Inconsistency of age, clothing and what a person is carrying in his hands, etc.

Characteristic for these individuals, as well as for those who have extensive criminal experience, is the habit of not allowing anyone to follow them from behind. They either speed up their pace or let the person behind them pass.

It enhances the productivity of detecting a person about to commit a crime and the law enforcement officer’s knowledge of how to commit certain crimes. For example, such knowledge is used by detectives of operational groups involved in the search and detention of pickpockets. They know where and when to look for them, how to pick them out from the crowd, and when to catch them red-handed.

The rule for taking into account the psychological characteristics of identifying persons on the wanted list. The search is carried out on the basis of the use of various portraits (photographs, drawn portraits, verbal portraits, etc.), however, success depends on taking into account the capabilities of human memory by those who orient and instruct police officers going on duty. It is difficult to remember data about even five people if the instruction is not accompanied by the distribution of copies of portraits. Much depends on the training of professional memory of employees, the ability to recall information, compare a portrait and the actual person being observed, and check identity documents.

A technique for identifying and assessing a person’s mental state. Excitement, fear, joy, worry, tension, relaxation, anger, confusion, even calm can tell a lot to an observant lawyer.

The rule for observing external signs of mental states. Such signs are: voice intonation, changes in its tempo, pauses, timbre; eye expression and direction of gaze; complexion and sweat appearance; gestures, speech (in a state of tension, for example, the posture is somewhat unnatural, the fingers may tremble or tensely clench into a fist), hand movements (in a state of excitement, a person takes something in his hands, begins to rotate, accelerates the rotation). As one experienced lawyer rightly said: “We must look not only at the Criminal Code, but also at the person’s eyes.” It is difficult to judge a person in general without once looking closely, studying him in the eyes. Observation improves in good lighting conditions.

Rule for monitoring changes in mental state. In the course of solving and investigating crimes, detaining criminals, suppressing violations of public order, and in other cases, it is useful, if not necessary, for an employee to know the mental state of the offender, victim, and witness. Calmness or the emergence of anxiety, fear, increased tension and the appearance of sweat at some moments of the meeting and conversation indicate the significance of the moment, its danger or avoidance of danger. This, in particular, is what the diagnosis of lies and hidden circumstances is based on (see § 8.12).

Method of psychological probing. An experienced lawyer does not passively wait for the person he is interested in to reveal his own psychology. He actively brings it out with the help of this technique and its rules.

For example, a search was carried out in the apartment of one of the suspects, but it did not yield results. Then the team leader ordered the suspect to be taken to another room and all the furniture in this room to be rearranged. When the suspect was brought back into the room, he was observed. He, seeing the changes, quickly ran around the room with a restless gaze, holding it for a while on the grandfather clock, and calmed down, smiling. From them they extracted material evidence that was carefully hidden there. The suspect gave himself away with his reaction.

Method of monitoring informationally significant psychological reactions in the course of an investigative or other professional action performed by an employee:

Eye movements;

Appearance of confusion, delay in response. Silence can say more than an answer;

Avoiding a direct answer, moving the conversation to other questions;

Change in mental state;

Sudden redness and sweat on the face, tapping with a finger, increased manipulation of an object in the hands (pen, pencil, matchbox, button, ashtray, etc.), lighting a cigarette, etc.;

Involuntary dilation of the pupils of the eyes;

Naturalness (pretentiousness of reactions), etc.

"Swinging" technique. Everyone has known the game “hot and cold” since childhood.

This technique is similar to hers. When an interrogation, conversation, movement approaches a dangerous topic, question, place, fact for a person who knows his guilt, but shows insincerity and secrecy, his internal tension increases; when they move away, it decreases. These internal reactions are involuntary, it is almost impossible to restrain them from “splashing out”, and an attempt not to express them outwardly turns out to be even more noticeable, since it is unnatural.

Psychological manifestations cannot be hidden from an experienced, psychologically observant lawyer, and any attempts by the perpetrator to deceive him, as a rule, are unsuccessful. The language of external manifestations is always more sincere than words.

"Cm.: O'Connor Joseph and Grinder John. Introduction to neurolinguistic programming: Trans. from English - Chelyabinsk, 1997; Human factor in law enforcement systems. Languages ​​of the human brain and body: problems and practical use in the activities of internal affairs bodies. - Orel, May 29 - June 2, 1995; Shchekin G.V. Visual psychodiagnostics and its methods. - Kyiv, 1992; Skrypnikov A.I., Lagovsky A.Yu., Begunova L.A. The significance of a suspect’s behavioral reactions for rapid assessment of his psychological characteristics. - M., 1995; Kupriyanov V.V., Stovichek G.R. Man's face. - M., 1988.

"Observation as professional quality psychologist and teacher"

“In words, all people are the same and

Only actions reveal differences."

Jean Moliere

“The expression you wear on your face is much more important than the clothes you put on yourself.”

Dale Carnegie

On modern stage development of society, the education system is undergoing changes that are associated with a change in the model of cultural and historical development. But no matter what we say, no matter what chains of relationships are built in the education system, in the end everything revolves around the teacher. He is the main figure in the implementation of key innovations in practice. To successfully introduce various innovations into practice, the teacher must have a high level of professionalism.

The concept of “professionalism” includes the entire degree of a person’s mastery of psychological structural professional activity, subject to the standards and requirements at the present stage.

To successfully perform their professional activities, each teacher must have certain abilities.

F.N. Gonobolin identifies the following personality traits, the totality of which constitutes pedagogical abilities:

Ability does educational material accessible;

Creativity at work;

Ability to organize a team of students;

Interest and love for children;

Pedagogical tact;

Ability to bind academic subject with life;

Pedagogical demands;

Observation;

It should be noted that observation is a system-forming quality of a teacher.

Pedagogical observation is a professional quality of a teacher, expressed by the ability and ability to notice, see, identify subtle, but very important external signs child behavior

It should be noted that observation is a system-forming quality of a teacher. Pedagogical observation is a professional quality of a teacher, expressed by the ability and ability to notice, see, identify subtle but very important external signs

Pedagogical observation includes several factors: pedagogical reflection, acuity of perception, attention to the child, psychological vigilance, empathy.

Pedagogical activity places high demands on the teacher's personality. You can know the meaning, meaning of words, but not understand the meaning of the entire sentence, and in observation - you can look, but not see the main thing.

Therefore, the key task of the teacher remains the development of observation abilities. Research has shown that a teacher can consciously form this quality in himself, through self-diagnosis, established “observation zones” and “dead zones” where observation “does not reach”, and correcting them. One cannot but agree with the words of the remarkable observer K. Paustovsky, who wrote: A good eye is a gain. Don't be lazy, work on your eyesight. keep it, as they say, in line. In a month or 2, look at everything with the thought that you definitely need to paint it. On a tram, a bus, look at people this way everywhere. And in two or three days you will be convinced that before that you did not see even a hundredth part of what you noticed now. And in two months you will learn to see, and you will no longer need to force yourself to do this (Paustovsky K. Golden Rose. Stories. - Chisinau, 1987, p. 596).

The professional knowledge of a teacher-psychologist is the basis that not only influences the purposefulness of perception and contributes to the development of differentiation of receptive signs, but also directly affects the understanding of observed objects and processes.

For the observation of a teacher-psychologist, knowledge becomes important age characteristics manifestations and experiences of feelings, age-related characteristics of the relationship between emotions and cognitive activity, children’s emotions in relationships with peers and parents, etc.

Thus, the success of solving professional problems of a teacher psychologist is based on observation.

Literature:

Popov S.V. Visual observation. - St. Petersburg: Speech, Semantics - p. 2002

Regush L.A. Workshop on compliance and observation. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003

Pankratov A.N. , Pankratov V.N. Psychology of people management: practical guide. – M.: INT psychotherapy, 2004