Czech Republic - flora and fauna, climate, geography. Nature, plants and animals of the Czech Republic Nature of the Czech Republic animals and plants

The diversity of flora and fauna, topographic zones, and invariably attracts lovers of hiking and cycling tourism to the country. In addition to tourists from other countries, local residents also travel and walk along tourist trails - green tourism is a priority here.

Climate of the Czech Republic

Looking at the photos representing all the beauty of the Czech Republic’s nature, you just want to quickly plunge into this green World plains and rocky mountains. Climatic conditions The countries are comfortable both for living and for active tourism. in winter average temperature the air never drops below -5 °C, and in summer time it most often does not exceed +20 °C. Due to the fact that the Czech Republic is protected from the continent by mountains medium height, strong winds and bad weather are rare here, and the vegetation is proof of this.

Why is Czech nature interesting to tourists?

There is something to see in the Czech Republic both in winter and summer: its nature is multifaceted. Despite the absence of clearly defined climatic zones, the difference is felt as you move from north to south and from east to west. Tourists will be interested in:

Pearls of green tourism

Although the Czech Republic is not large state, there are advantages here - everything natural parks and unique places can be visited for quite a while a short time. It's definitely recommended to take a look.

In this article you will find various cards Czech Republic, as well as basic facts and useful information about the geography of the country.

The Czech Republic is a country located in central Europe. The Czech Republic has no access to the sea. The country is located entirely in the northern eastern hemisphere.

Statistics for the Czech Republic

Area of the Czech Republic: 78,866 km², 113th largest country in the world.
Distance from the northernmost to the most southern point: 278 km.
Distance from the easternmost to the westernmost point: 493 km.
Borders: the total length of the border is 2290.2 km. Border with Germany in the north and west (810 km), border with Poland in the east (762 km), border with Austria in the south (466 km), border with Slovakia in the east (252 km).
Highest point: Mount Sněžka 1603 m.
Lowest point: Hřensko 115 m above sea level.
Average altitude of the country: 430 m above sea level.
Access to the sea: no
Czech time: Central European Time (UTC +1)

The Czech Republic is divided into 13 regions and Prague: Prague, Central Bohemian Region, South Bohemian Region, Pilsen Region, Karlovy Vary Region, Usti Region, Liberec Region, Kralove Hradeck Region, Pardubice Region, Vysočina, South Moravian Region, Olomouc Region, Moravian-Silesian Region, Zlín Region. Each region has a capital. On the map you see all the regions and their coats of arms.

1. Bohemian Switzerland National Park - one of the most beautiful places in Europe

Czech Switzerland - the youngest national park in the Czech Republic. It was officially opened on January 1, 2000. The park area covers 79 km2. It is located in the Ustsky region and is adjacent to the state border, where another national park begins - Saxon Switzerland. The main attraction of the park is the unique rock city. Here tourists visit the observation deck at Jetřichovice, admire the Kamenice gorge and walk through the natural rock bridge Pravcicke brany, which is considered the symbol of Czech Switzerland. Along the perimeter of the park you can also see numerous monuments of folk architecture.

Website: www.ceskesvycarsko.cz
Address: Pražská 52, 407 46 Krásná Lípa
GPS: 50.914085 14.509806

Czech Switzerland, kudyznudy.cz

2. Natural Park Meanders Ploucnica

This national park, located along the banks of the Ploucnica River between the cities of Mimon and Ceska Lipa, covers an area of 270 hectares. The greatest interest in this park is the endless meadow forests and fields with different types plants and animals. The nature in this area is untouched; there are not even paths near the river: therefore, boat tourism is popular in the reserve.

Address: Meandry Ploučnice, 471 23 Zákupy
GPS: 50.633161 14.670934

Meanders Ploucnica

3. Czech Grand Canyon - Great America

The famous western Lemonade Joe was filmed here. Once upon a time, unwanted political prisoners were also taken here. All these are the Wapentsa canyons, which are called Great and Little America. This is incredible a nice place is located near the Karlstejn fortress in the Czech Karst, but not all tourists visiting the castle get to it.

Website: www.karlstejnsko.cz
Address: Karlstejn 334, 267 18 Karlstejn
GPS: 49.957515 14.194851

Velka America Canyon, kudyznudy.cz

4. Rock town Adrspach

The largest rock city in the Czech Republic. It is located in the Adrspash-Teplice Rocks - the largest natural complex in Central Europe, which has inspired tourists and travelers since the 18th century. You will not see such a number of picturesque corners as in the Adrspash-Teplice Rocks almost anywhere. Many of the bizarre rock formations have hiking trails leading to them, while some can only be reached by stairs. Those who overcome all the steps will be able to admire the mountain lake and the Adrspash waterfall. There is another lake right at the entrance to the complex, where you can go boating in the summer (50 CZK per person).

Entrance to the park: 70 CZK
Website: www.adrspach.cz
Address: Dolni Adršpach čp. 26, 549 57 Adršpach
GPS: 50.614957 16.122890

Adrspach, kudyznudy.cz

5. Chalupská slat - a lake in the largest peat bog in the Czech Republic

Lake Chalupská slat is located at the mouth of the Vydří stream at an altitude of 910 meters. Oaks, spruces and numerous other plants grow around the largest peat lake in the Czech Republic. A small educational trail leads through the swamp to the lake where the floating islands appear. You can get to the lake along an asphalt and wooden path, along which there are many information signs.

Website: www.npsumava.cz
Address: Borová Lada-Svinná Lada 21, 385 01 Borová Lada
GPS: 48.998611 13.659167

Lake Chalupská send, kudyznudy.cz

6. Mshenske nicknames - giant rocky mushrooms in the Giant Mountains

The sandstone pillars near Mshen look like huge mushrooms. They showed up naturally as a result of weathering due to the fact that the upper part of the rocks, with a higher iron content, resisted erosion better than the lower part. You can see this beauty in nature reserve Kokorzhinsky dol - one of the largest national parks Czech Republic.

Address: Mšeno
GPS: 50.438015 14.631287

Mshenske nicknames, kudyznudy.cz

7. The Devil's Pulpit in the Rychlebské Mountains is one of the most beautiful viewing platforms in the Czech Republic

The most beautiful natural observation deck of the Devil's Cathedral (Čertovy kazatelny) is located on the way to the ancient fortress of Rychleby (3 km) in the Rykhleby Mountains. The site is a formation of gneiss rocks with a high and steep southern wall, which is shaped like a pulpit. From here you have a beautiful view of the canyon of the Racha valley and relict forests. You can get to this place by car; parking is provided for tourists.

Address: Račí údolí, 790 70 Javorník
GPS:50.368773 16.992611

Devil's pulpit, kudyznudy.cz

8. Teplitsky rock city - a mystery of wild nature

The Teplice Rocks are massive rock walls that rise to the very sky (in some places over 70 m) and the largest mountain labyrinth in Central Europe, narrow valleys and mysterious caves. Walking along the Teplice Rocks is admiration and adrenaline at the same time. The area is well prepared for tourism, but compared to the Adrspash Rocks, walking here is more difficult.

Website: www.teplickeskaly.com
Address: Horní 13, 549 57 Teplice nad Metují
GPS: 50.594966 16.169974

Teplice rock walls, kudyznudy.cz

9. Czech Sahara - sand dune at Vlkova's

Vlkovsky dune, or the Czech Sahara, is one of the most famous and visited places of its kind in the Czech Republic. Here, pine trees and other plants grow on the pleasant yellow sand, and the wind creates whimsical sand figures(though only a few centimeters high). As in any desert, the Czech Sahara is always warmer than in the surrounding area, because the sand perfectly reflects sunlight. You can get to the mini-desert from the parking lot at Horusický rybník.

Address: Veselí nad Lužnicí
GPS:49.159418 14.713224

Czech Sahara, kudyznudy.cz

10. Beseditsky rocks - a romantic natural labyrinth

In the Besedice Rocks a secret prayer house of Czech brothers and beautiful views. A walk through the rock labyrinths of Kalikh and Chlevishte in the Bohemian Paradise region will be an unforgettable romantic adventure. If you're into geology, you'll love the nature trail with information boards. You can also take a walk around this complex with children, who will definitely enjoy the narrow corridors between the rocks.

Address: Besedice, 468 22 Koberovy
GPS:50.628287 15.208218

Observation deck on the Besedice Rocks, kudyznudy.cz

11. Peklo - a valley at the confluence of the Metui and Oleshenka rivers

Despite the intimidating name, Peklo (translated from Czech language- underworld, hell) is a fairly popular and very beautiful national park in the Czech Republic in a romantic valley at the confluence of the Metuje and Oleshenka rivers. The park received this name in honor of the old Pekelec mill, which was rebuilt according to the design of the architect Dusan Jurkovic into a tourist restaurant with elements of folk architecture. The restaurant is decorated with various devils, and the menu includes several devil-themed dishes.

Website: www.peklo-nemecek.cz
Address: Peklo u Nového Města nad Metují, 547 01 Nové Město nad Metují
GPS:50.378614 16.186745

Peklo National Park, kudyznudy.cz

12. Khromnitskoe Red Lake - a European unique

Red Lake water is a weak solution of sulfuric acid. It is sterile and there is no life in it. Iron compounds give the lake its red color. This is a unique natural attraction in Europe, which you can see for free.

Website: www.hromnice.cz
Address: Hromnice č.p. 60, 330 11 Třemošná
GPS:49.850941 13.447312

Red Lake near Chromnice, kudyznudy.cz

13. Gruboskalsky rock city

Between the Wallenstein Fortress and the Hruba Skala Castle near Turnov, in the Bohemian Paradise region there is an unusual area called the Hruboskal Rock Town. There are more than 400 natural towers here, the tallest of which reach 50 meters.

Address: Hruba Skala
GPS:50.544630 15.200404

Rough rocks, kudyznudy.cz

14. Broumov walls

Amazing rock formations surrounded by pristine nature are hidden in a 410 km2 Protected Nature Reserve. This area delights with its beauty, incredible views and mysterious rocks of bizarre shapes.

Website: www.broumovskesteny.cz
Address: Ledhujská 59, 549 54 Police nad Metují
GPS:50.538096 16.236269

Broumovsko, kudyznudy.cz

15. Panchavsky waterfall in the Krkonose Mountains - the highest in the Czech Republic

Pančavský waterfall is the highest in the Czech Republic. Its height is 148 meters. The waterfall cascades down the rocky steps onto the Laba Valley. Near the waterfall there is an observation deck called Ambrožova, from which you can see beautiful view to the valley and mountains.

Website: www.krnap.cz
Address: Harrachov 442, 512 46 Harrachov
GPS: 50.754486 15.555267

Pančavski waterfall, Giant Mountains, kudyznudy.cz

Republic Czech- a state in Central Europe, located on the historical lands of Bohemia, Moravia and part of Silesia. It borders on Germany in the west and northwest, on Poland in the northeast and north, on Slovakia in the east and southeast, and on Austria in the south.

The name of the country comes from the ethnonym of the tribe - Czechs.

Official name: Czech Republic

Capital:

The area of the land: 78,864 sq. km

Total Population: 10.4 million people

Administrative division: The Czech Republic is divided into 7 regions, 77 districts, which, in turn, are divided into communities.

Form of government: Republic.

Head of State: President, elected for a term of 5 years.

Population composition: 93% - Czechs, 1.8% - Slovaks, 3.7% - Moravians, 0.6% - Ukrainians, 0.5% - Poles, 0.4% - Germans, 0.3% - Vietnamese, 0.2 % are Hungarians, 0.2% are gypsies..

Official language: Czech. People speak English, German and Russian well.

Religion: 40% are atheists, 39.2% are Catholics, 4.6% are Protestants, 5% are Orthodox.

Internet domain: .cz

Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz

Country dialing code: +420

Country barcode: 859

Climate

The climate of the Czech Republic is temperate. In winter, only light frosts are possible. There is too little snow to turn into slush on the city streets, but there is plenty of it in the mountains for winter sports. Summer is quite warm.

Most cold month- January. Average minimum temperature at this time it drops to -3...-5 degrees, the average maximum is weakly positive (0...+2). Most warm month- July. The average minimum temperature at this time is +13...+15 degrees, the maximum reaches +24...+26 degrees. The least precipitation falls between November and March (from 23 to 24 mm per month). The number of days with precipitation during this period is 10-11. The rainiest time of the year is May-August, with monthly precipitation amounting to 60-80 mm, and it falls during half the days of the month.

On ski resorts snow lasts from November to April, the season usually opens in December. The air temperature depends on the altitude above sea level. In the middle part of the mountains (approximately at an altitude of 700-800 m above sea level) in winter months(December-February) the temperature at night is -5...-10 degrees, during the day -2...-7 degrees. The snow height during this period is on average from 1 to 3 meters.

Geography

The Czech Republic is located in the heart of central Europe. The closest neighbors of the Czech Republic are Germany (in the west), Austria (in the south), Slovakia (in the southeast) and Poland (in the northeast). Administratively, the country is divided into 8 regions, which are united into three historical regions - Bohemia, as well as Moravia and Silesia ( regional centers– Prague, Brno and Ostrava respectively) Bohemia and Moravia occupy the western and eastern parts of the Czech Republic. Czech Silesia occupies a relatively small part of northern Moravia.

The landscape and nature of the Czech Republic are distinguished by their beauty and diversity. There are plains, plateaus, highlands, mountains, swamps, lakes, rivers, etc. In the central part of the country the terrain is mostly flat. These are areas of active agricultural production. Along the borders of the Czech Republic, mountain ranges line up in a natural ring. In the north-west there is the Kruszne mountain range, in the north - the Giant Mountains, in the east - the Orlicke Mountains, in the south-east - the Carpathians, in the south and west - the Šumava Mountains. About a third of the entire territory of the Czech Republic is covered by forests. Vast tracts of virgin forests have been preserved in the mountains, which makes the mountain resorts of this country especially noteworthy.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

The Czech Republic is one of the most forested countries in Europe. Forests cover about 30% of its territory. Industrially valuable coniferous species predominate, primarily spruce (61% of the tree stand) and pine (22%). Above the forest line there are alpine meadows.

Nature conservation in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and is one of the best in the world. 12% of the territory of the entire country (9270 sq. km) is occupied by nature reserves. In Western Bohemia there is a unique natural complex- Sumava Park, stretching for 125 km along the border with Austria and Germany. This is a vast region of calm deciduous forests, largely untouched by human activity. Although only one small part of Sumava - the Bubin Virgin Forest, can be regarded as, indeed, a protected ancient European plant community, but a better preserved complex of European mountain broadleaf forest simply doesn't exist. Wild flowers abound everywhere.

Animal world

Vast forests create conditions for people to relax and provide habitat for wild animals - deer, beavers, pheasants and hares. In the mountain forests there are lynxes and numerous small animals - foxes, squirrels, weasels.

Attractions

Wenceslas Square
Zvikov
Karlstein
Konopiste
Old Town Square
dancing House in Prague
Cesky Krumlov
Cesky Sternberk

Banks and currency

The monetary unit is the Czech crown. There are banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000 crowns. 1 crown is equal to 100 hellers. In circulation there are coins of 10, 20 and 50 hellers.

Banks are open mainly during the day from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Not all banks are open on weekends.

ATMs can be found near every bank. Visa, Eurocard, Mastercard, Amercan Express cards are accepted.

There are many exchange offices in the Czech Republic. Currency can be exchanged everywhere: from the airport to the cafe. All exchange offices charge a fee. However, it is best to carry out exchange transactions in banks. There the rate remains the most profitable.

Useful information for tourists

Check-out time at hotels is 12.00, check-in for tourists is from 14.00. Museums and galleries in the Czech Republic are open daily, except Mondays, from 10.00 to 17.00 or 18.00. Castles and fortresses: from May 1 to September 30, daily, except Mondays and days following holidays, opening hours from 9.00 to 17.00; lunch break from 12.00 to 13.00. From April to October, some castles and fortresses are closed completely or are open only on weekends. Grocery stores are open: Monday-Friday from 6.00 to 18.00 and on Saturday until 12.00. Department stores typically serve customers in weekdays until 20.00. Large supermarkets are usually open on weekends - until 18.00 or 20.00.

Every nation has its own national toys. In the Czech Republic, these are puppets - dolls that are controlled using thin strings. Street vendors demonstrate virtuoso skills, always attracting the attention of children.

At any time of the year, you must take comfortable shoes with you - the walking tour of Prague lasts 4 hours. In winter, autumn and early spring, warm and windproof outerwear will come in handy.

This seemingly tiny country hides quite a few natural beauties. High mountains and rivers flowing lazily through the lowlands or bubbling along rocky shores, thermal springs, ponds and sunny vineyards. Today we will show you the natural wonders of the Czech Republic that are worth visiting.

Desert in southern Bohemia

Southern Bohemia is covered by a dense network of ponds and rivers, but near the village of Vesely nad Luznici, on the outskirts of the protected area of Třebonsko, lies one of the driest places in the Czech Republic. It's about about a sand dune where rare dry-loving plants grow and heat-loving species of insects live.

Prokop Valley

In the Prague pit there are several natural reserves, one of which is the Prokop Valley, which became famous thanks to paleontologist Joachim Barrandov (after whom the Barrandov district is named), who studied the local Paleozoic deposit. Today the valley is an oasis of tranquility and a favorite destination for many cyclists. The surrounding rocks offer a magical view of the city, and if you go deep into the reservation, you can visit the local lake and cave where bats live.

Beskydy virgin forest

Once upon a time, dense mixed forest covered the entire Beskids, but to this day it has been preserved in its untouched, original form only in the Cieszyn Beskids. Magic will envelop you in the natural reserve of the virgin forest of Mionshi untouched nature. On an area of 170 hectares there is a special trail for pedestrians, which is open only during the season. Some parts of the trail are quite challenging and unfortunately not suitable for families with strollers.

Steppes in the Vysočina

The small safari is located near Třebíčsk. The Mochelen Steppe National Nature Reserve is famous for its heat-loving grasses and pine forests. The local warm microclimate arose due to the high content of magnesium oxide in rocks, which, when heated, acts as something like a battery.

Tallest waterfall

In the most high mountains Panchavsky waterfall is located in the Czech Republic. The total length of the cascades is 250 meters. You can get here if you follow the red hiking trail from Bedřichov to the Labská base. Along this path you can reach the source of the waterfall and enjoy amazing view not only himself, but also the Labsky mines, Goat Ranges and Bald Mountain.

Mud mofettes

When you first find yourself on the Soos reservation, you feel like you are on another planet. Everywhere you look - shades of brown and gray, here and there springs are bubbling mineral water and clean carbon dioxide, the so-called mofettas. Soos is located 6 kilometers from Frantiskovy Lezne. The reservation was established in 1964 on an area of 221 hectares, but only one part is open to the public - a 1.2-kilometer-long trail. Several species live on the reserve rare birds, and also grows many rare plants.

Pravčicka Gate Rock Bridge

This is probably one of the most famous monuments in the Czech Republic, created by nature itself. You can’t get to the very top of the Pravcicka Gate, but around it amazing place There are many viewpoints. The rock bridge is a symbol of the Bohemian Switzerland National Park, as well as one of the highest natural gates in Europe. The park itself is very popular, and the hiking trails are well-maintained - some are easier, some are long and some are more difficult. Everywhere there are breathtaking views of lush forest and mountains.

Tundra in the Giant Mountains

This place is a real find for botanists and zoologists. The Upa peat bog allows its visitors to be transported to the subarctic tundra, which was on the territory of the country during Ice Age. The peat bog lies at an altitude of 1400 meters above sea level between Luční base, Branichny ridge, Obří base and Studnicna mountain. Plants that grew here 5,000 and 6,000 years ago thrive here.

Glacial lakes in Šumava

Šumava is proud of its crystal clear lakes of glacial origin. On the Czech side of the mountains you can visit five lakes – Černoe, Čertovo, Prašilské, Plesné – and, the smallest of the five, Lake Laka. The most visited of them are the first two. Black Lake is the largest and deepest, and it is located near Zelezne Ruda.

Mysterious abyss and cave system

The largest and most famous karst region The Czech Republic is the Moravian region. It is here that people come who want to look at the caves that are open to the public and visit the Macocha Abyss. Tourists sail on boats underground river Punkva to see the breathtaking caves decorated with stalactites and stalagmites. The Macocha Chasm is the largest chasm of its kind in central Europe. Since 1914, its bottom has also been open to the public.