Prove that the swamp is a natural community. Lesson "natural community swamp"

A swamp is a widespread natural community in our country. Look at physical card Russia: what a significant territory is occupied by swamps. Swampy place, hummocks, bogs, reed thickets, sparse bushes.

How was the swamp formed? Once upon a time there was a small lake in this place that had no drainage; its banks were quickly overgrown with reeds and cattails. Water lilies and lilies rose from the bottom. Every year the reeds and reeds grew, protruded more and more from the banks onto the water, intertwined their stems, covering the water, mosses settled on the stems, they absorbed moisture and the water stagnated. Several decades passed, and the plants completely took over the lake and closed off the water. Every year the thickets became denser. And then a thick layer formed almost to the very bottom. That’s why, when you walk through a swamp, the bumps are so springy, your legs get stuck, and just like that, you’ll fall through. Perhaps the forest river flowed slowly and gradually became overgrown with grass in the lowlands, or a spring came out of the ground and soaked everything around with water. This is how water reservoirs - swamps - arose in these places.

A lot of water means that moisture-loving grasses and shrubs have begun to grow, and animals and birds are settling in, the kind you only see in a swamp. The surface of some swamps is densely covered with mosses. Sphagnum moss, which in Greek means “sponge”, can absorb especially much water (Fig. 2).

Sphagnum moss has the special property of killing microbes. Therefore, the remains of dead organisms are not completely processed, accumulate under a layer of moss, become compacted, and as a result peat is formed - a combustible mineral. The thickness of peat can reach 3-4 meters or more. It is on this peat cushion that other inhabitants of the swamp live. Peat is very saturated with water, and it contains almost no oxygen necessary for roots to breathe. Therefore, only a few plants can grow in swamps. Most often, wild rosemary, sedge, and cranberry settle on a thick carpet of moss (Fig. 3-5).

Rice. 3. Ledum marsh ()

Among marsh plants, cranberry is especially valued. People have been collecting this healing berry for a long time. In addition to cranberries, others also grow in swamps. delicious berries: blueberries (Fig. 6), cloudberries.

Rice. 6. Blueberry ()

Herbaceous plants such as cotton grass, reeds, calamus, reeds and cattails have adapted to the swamps (Fig. 7, 8).

Cattails have large dark brown heads that are densely packed with raw hairs. The seeds ripen under the hairs; in the fall, when the seeds ripen, the hairs dry out and the head itself becomes very light. If you touch it, light fluff flies around you. On parachute hairs, cattail seeds fly into different sides. Even in the last century, life jackets were made from this fluff. And round packaging fabric was made from the cattail stem.

There are also unusual plants in the swamps. Sundew (Fig. 9) and bladderwort are predator plants.

Sundews catch and eat insects. Insects are fast and mobile, so how can this plant threaten them? The small leaves of sundew are covered with small hairs and droplets of sticky juice, similar to dew, which is why the plant is called sundew. The bright color of the leaves and droplets attracts insects, but as soon as a mosquito or fly lands on the plant, it immediately sticks to it. The leaf shrinks, and its sticky hairs suck out all the juices from the insect. Why did the sundew turn into a predator plant? Because on poor marshy soils it lacks nutrients. A sundew can swallow and digest up to 25 mosquitoes per day.

The Venus flytrap also catches prey in a similar way (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Venus flytrap ()

It has leaflets that close like jaws when someone touches the hairs on the surface of the leaves. Because these plants are rare, they need to be protected.

Another trap was invented by bladderwort; this plant was named for the sticky green bubbles that thickly cover its thread-thin leaves (Fig. 11, 12).

Rice. 11. Pemphigus vesicles ()

Rice. 12. Pemphigus ()

All the leaves of the plant are in water, there are no roots, and only a thin stem with yellow flowers. The plant needs bubbles for hunting, and this herb hunts aquatic inhabitants: small crustaceans, water fleas, ciliates. Each bubble is a cleverly designed trap and at the same time digestive organ. A special door closes the vial until the hairs of this hole are touched by some creature. Then the valve opens and the bubble sucks in the prey. There is no way out of the bubble; the valve, like a door to a room, opens only in one direction. Inside the vesicle are glands that produce digestive juice. The prey is dissolved in this juice and then absorbed by the plant. Bladderwort is very voracious. After about 20 minutes, the bubble is ready to capture a new victim.

How did swamp animals adapt to life in wet places? Among the inhabitants of swamps, the frog is famous. Dampness helps frogs keep their skin constantly moist, and the abundance of mosquitoes provides them with food. Beavers (Fig. 13), water rats live on the swampy banks of rivers, and you can see snakes and marsh vipers.

Have you heard the saying: “Every sandpiper praises its swamp”? The sandpiper is a slender bird, similar to a seagull. This bird has protective plumage; with its long beak, the sandpiper finds mosquito larvae hiding there in the mud (Fig. 14).

You can often find herons (Fig. 15) and cranes (Fig. 16) in swamps; these birds have long and thin legs, this allows them to walk through marshy cold mud without falling through.

Herons and cranes feed on frogs, mollusks, and worms, of which there are many in the swamp. Ptarmigans like to feast on sweet berries in the swamp, and moose and roe deer like to feast on succulent parts of plants.

In the evenings and at night, someone’s roar resembling the roar of a bull echoes across the swamp. What people have not said about this! As if the merman was screaming or the goblin had quarreled with him. Who roars and laughs in the swamp? A small bird, the bittern, roars and hoots terribly (Fig. 17).

The bittern has a very loud cry, spreading over 2-3 kilometers in the surrounding area. The bittern lives in reed thickets and reeds. The bittern hunts for crucian carp, perch, pike, frogs and tadpoles. A bittern stands motionless for hours in the thickets near the water and suddenly, with lightning speed, throws its beak, sharp as a dagger, and the fish cannot escape. If you start looking for a bittern in the swamp, you will pass by. She will raise her beak vertically, stretch out her neck, and you will never distinguish her from a bunch of dry grass or reeds.

But it’s not just the bittern that screams in the swamp at night. Here he sits on a branch bird of prey owl. It is almost 80 centimeters long (Fig. 18).

This is a night robber and there is no escape from him either for birds or rodents. He's the one who laughs so hard in the swamp when it gets dark.

Residents of swampy places can sometimes watch the amazing sight at night of many bluish lights dancing in the swamp. What is this? Researchers have not yet reached a consensus on this issue. Perhaps it is swamp gas that is igniting. Its clouds will come to the surface and light up in the air.

People have been afraid of swamps for a long time. They sought to drain and use the land for pastures and fields and thereby thought that they were helping nature. Is this true? The swamp is very beneficial. Firstly, it is a natural reservoir fresh water. Streams flowing from swamps feed big rivers and lakes. When it rains, swamp mosses absorb excess moisture like sponges. And in dry years they save reservoirs from drying out. Therefore, rivers and lakes often become shallow after swamps are drained. The Vasyugan swamp is one of the largest swamps in the world, its area more area Switzerland (Fig. 19).

Rice. 19. Vasyugan swamp ()

Located between the Ob and Irtysh rivers. The Vasyugan River originates in this swamp. Rivers such as the Volga, Dnieper, and Moscow River also flow from swamps. Secondly, swamps are excellent natural filters. The water in them passes through thickets of plants, a thick layer of peat and is freed from dust, harmful substances, pathogenic microbes. It enters rivers from swamps clean water. Thirdly, valuable berry plants grow in the swamps: cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries. They contain sugar, vitamins, and minerals. They also grow in swamps medicinal plants. For example, during the years of the Great Patriotic War sphagnum moss was used as a dressing material for rapid healing of wounds. Sundew is used to treat colds and coughs. In addition, the swamp is a natural peat factory, which is used both as fuel and as fertilizer.

Remember: you must not approach wetlands or peat excavations in the swamp! This is very dangerous.

Bears, deer, wild boars, moose, and roe deer come to the swamps and also find food here.

A swamp is as necessary a part of nature as forests and meadows; they also need to be protected. The destruction of swamps will lead to changes in nature throughout the planet. Currently, 150 swamps in Russia are under protection.

Today in the lesson you gained new knowledge about the swamp as a natural community and became acquainted with its inhabitants.

References

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. The world around us 3. - M.: Ballas.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around us 3. - M.: Publishing House "Fedorov".
3. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us 3. - M.: Enlightenment.

1. Biofile.ru ().
2. Liveinternet.ru ().
3. Animalworld.com.ua ().

Homework

1. What is a swamp?
2. Why can't swamps be dried?
3. What animals can be found in the swamp?

Lesson on the world around us on the topic:

Natural community- swamp.

Subject: natural community - swamp.

Target: introduce students to the natural community - a swamp.

Lesson objectives:

Give an idea of ​​the swamp and its diverse flora;

Reveal the significance of swamps for humans and nature;

To cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior;

Formation of a value attitude towards the world of living nature.

Literature:

N.Ya. Dmitrieva, A. N. Kazakov. The world around us, grade 3, part 2. – Samara, Fedorov publishing house, 2010.

Lesson progress:

Teacher activities

Student activities

Organizational moment.

Preparatory stage (work in groups).

What associations do you have when you hear the word “swamp”? Write down association words on pieces of paper and share your thoughts and feelings in the group. Using association words, write a text on the topic “Swamp”. Read the texts to each other in a group, choose one to read to the whole class.

People say: “A swamp, on the one hand, is a disaster, and on the other, a storehouse of goodness.” What thoughts and questions do you have about this proverb? Share them as a group and present them to the whole class.

Work on the topic.

Now, guys, we will go on a trip to the swamp, learn the features of this natural community, get acquainted with its amazing and diverse flora, let's talk about the importance of swamps for humans and nature.

Let's remember what a natural community is?

What natural communities have we already studied?

Close your eyes, imagine that you are in the forest. The forest would not be a forest if its thickets were not interspersed with swamps.

Since ancient times, people have been afraid of swamps. They said that merman, goblin, and kikimoras live there. How they were imagined: with horns, furry ones, and tails!

The swamps were frightening with their silence and stillness. The wettest areas of swamps are called swamps. Many people and animals died, unable to get out of the swamps. People tried to avoid the swamps.

But gradually people realized that there was no need to be afraid of swamps. They stopped believing in evil spirits”, and the swamps revealed their secrets to man.

A swamp is an area of ​​land that is overly moistened, but without a continuous surface of water and with a layer of peat of at least 30 cm.

A swamp is a special natural community that was formed due to excess water in the soil. Swamps and wetlands occupy approximately 2 million square meters in Russia. km.

A swamp may appear on the site of an overgrown lake.

Most swamps are in the taiga and tundra.

You walk through the forest and see: the trees are growing less and less, the water-soaked earth is champing under your feet. And here in front of you is a swamp.

In the swamp we can see all levels of vegetation: trees, shrubs, herbs, shrubs, mushrooms and mosses.

You can also find trees in the swamp. Such as willow, alder, spruce, birch, pine.

Instead of iodine and cotton wool, you can use sphagnum moss.

Among the moss there are thin stalks of cotton grass with white shreds of “cotton wool” at the top.

Among the grasses on the bolts there is a lot of sedge.

Reeds are found in swamps.

When you walk through a swamp on a hot day, you feel that the air here is somehow special. You walk around for half an hour and your head seems to be stupefied, and sometimes you might even get a pain.

This is all from the smell of the evergreen poisonous wild rosemary - a low shrub that usually grows in swamps.

Another marsh shrub is heather. It, like wild rosemary, leaves green leaves for the winter and hides with them from the frost under the snow.

Berry bushes also grow in the swamp.

Guess them:

When the spring melts

The snow will come down from the swamps,

They are like scarlet beads,

The banks will be dotted. (Cranberry)

Leaves are glossy

Berries - with blush,

And the bushes themselves -

Not higher than a hummock. (Cowberry)

Blue berries

They hung on a bush.

Blue berries

Green leaves. (Blueberry)

Grew - grew

It came out of the bushes.

Spun at the tip

It sparkled red. (Cloudberry)

“Sighs” are often heard in the swamp. This is the release of gases formed at the depths of the swamp due to the decay of the remains of plants and other organisms.

Swamps are a paradise for the breeding of various insects. And since there are insects, there are a lot of insectivorous amphibians in the swamp - frogs, toads, newts. Since there are amphibians, their enemies appear - snakes. In our swamps there are snakes and vipers.

Of the amphibians, you are most familiar with frogs. The benefits of frogs, like toads, are enormous. They eat many insects and slugs, saving plants from pests.

For the winter, frogs hide in holes, burying themselves in the silt. In the spring, a loud “frog concert” announces that warmth has returned.

In the swamp there is a small plant - sundew. This plant is a predator. It did not want to die on poor marshy soils and adapted to catch and eat insects.

Lesson summary.

What natural community have we met today?

What animals live in the swamp?

Why are there so many amphibians in swamps?

Homework.

Children write down words and discuss their thoughts in a group.

Students discuss the proverb in groups, then share their thoughts with the whole class.

Children answer questions.

Children close their eyes and listen carefully.

To use presentation previews, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

b a i k a l t r o s t n i c f l a m i n g w o d e m e r k a u t k a p l o t v a

NATURAL COMMUNITY – SWAMP.

A swamp is a special natural community that is formed due to excess water in the soil.

Vasyugan swamp

Sphagnum moss

Plan: 1. What is a swamp? 2. What plants and animals live in the swamp? 3. What is the significance of swamps for nature and humans?

Preview:

The world around us 4th grade

Subject: The natural community is a swamp.

Goals: 1. To form an idea of ​​the natural community - a swamp, the diversity of plants and animals of a swamp, and the relationships between them.

2. develop attention, ecological thinking, the ability to identify cause-and-effect relationships and dependencies, search for and highlight information, goal setting, planning.

3. cultivate a sense of responsibility for preserving the beauty and diversity of nature.

Lesson type:

Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge

Equipment used:

Herbariums of swamp plants, map of natural zones, individual cards.

Used DSOs:

multimedia presentation,

Lesson progress:

Organizational moment

What is the name of the section in the textbook that we are studying? ("Journey through Natural Communities")

What natural communities do we already know? (seas, oceans, lakes)

Do you think natural communities still exist?

You will find out what it is called by solving the crossword puzzle.

1. Name the most large lake Russia (Baikal)
2. what lake plant does a person use, how building material? (cane)
3. Name a rare beautiful lake bird (flamingo)
4. A bug insect that runs on the surface of the water and hunts for midges and mosquitoes. (water strider)
5. Waterfowl (duck)
6. Small omnivorous lake fish (roach)

So, what word did you get? What natural community will we learn about today?

Read the topic of the lesson (slide 3)

Based on the topic, set learning objectives. What should you learn about in class today?

So, today in class we will find out: (slide 4)

1. What is a swamp?

2. What plants and animals live in the swamp?

3. What is the significance of swamps for nature and humans?

New topic

1 .- What does a person imagine when they hear the word “swamp”? (dirt, bog, insects, etc.)

This is in the literal sense, but in figurative meaning, what meaning do people put into this word? (something bad)

- So what is a swamp?(children's guesses) (slides of swamps)

Open the textbook page 26 read 1 paragraph

So what is a swamp?

(A swamp is a special natural community that is formed due to excess water in the soil. (slide)

- What do you think, in what naturalWhat area are swamps most common in? Why? (because there is a lot of moisture, tundra, forest - shown on the map)

She prepared for us about one of these places small message…(child’s message about the Vasyugan swamp

In the very center of the Siberian Federal District lies the Great Vasyugan Swamp. It is the largest swamp in globe. Its area is 53 thousand square kilometers. The state of Switzerland could easily fit in such a space. The Vasyugan swamp is located on the territory of the Tomsk region. It arose about nine thousand years ago. Initially, 19 separate swamps were located on its territory, which have now merged into a continuous body of water and the process of swamping continues.)

- What interesting things did you learn from the message?

2.- What types of plants are found in swamps?(herbaceous: reed, sedge, reed, cattail; shrubs: wild rosemary, blueberry, cranberry - herbarium display)

Which general property in all swamp plants? Why? (moisture-loving, because the soil is highly moist)

She prepared a message for us about another such plant... (child’s message about moss)

(Almost the entire surface of the swamps is covered with moisture-loving plants. Moss is one of the most ancient plants; instead of roots, they have small outgrowths with which they are attached to the soil. What seems to us like leaves, moss actually has branches on which scales are located - leaves. Mosses do not bloom, they reproduce by spores. All year round green mosses. When drought occurs, sphagnum moss turns white. But once it rains, it will turn green again. Moss can survive without water for several years. This plant can be used in construction. In villages, when laying log houses, moss is placed between the logs to insulate the home.

During the war, doctors used moss instead of bandages and cotton wool. Moss drew pus from wounds and disinfected them. This is how many Soviet soldiers were saved.)

- So, what plant were you talking about?speech? What interesting things did you learn?

Fizminutka

Back to our plan, what is the next question we need to answer? (animals that live in swamps)

The swamp is a paradise for the breeding of various insects.

- What groups of animalsstill live in the swamp, we find out from the textbook article on page 26, starting from paragraph 2 to page 27(independent reading)

Now open it TPO on page 9 No. 15 . What do they propose to do?

Write out representatives of these groups from the article you read.

- So, name the representativesdifferent groups of animals living in swamps.

- What do you think, and on the territoryAre there swamps in our area? (region map)

How are swamps marked on the map? (dashed lines)

Look at the map of our region and tell me where swamps are most common?

(Swamps occupy 28% of the region's territory. They are widespread in the southeast within the Central Amur Lowland, as well as along river beds, penetrating into mountainous areas.)

3. - We came to the conclusion that a variety of living organisms live in swamps, but we need to find out how these organisms are connected to each other. Make a power chain. (work in pairs)

- Think and say, can we break this relationship? What happens if one link is removed from the power chain?

Back to our plan, what is the third question we need to answer? (slide with plan)

So, we got acquainted with the plants and animals of the swamps. Let's think about the role of swamps, do nature need them?

D/z you will find the answer to this question at home on page 28, and you will also reflect on the meaning of swamps by completing the task in TVS on page 9 No. 16

Result: -What educational tasks did we set for ourselves today?

What new and unexpected things did you learn?

What is a swamp?

What property do all swamp plants have in common?

What animals live in the swamp?

Meadows are groups of plant communities formed by herbaceous plants developing under average moisture conditions. The plant communities that make up the meadows are very diverse. Their diversity is caused by the degree of soil moisture. For example, meadows on highly moist soils are characterized by a plant community formed by foxtail and swamp bluegrass. For meadows with moderately moist soils, the most typical are forb-legume or grass-forb plant communities.

The meadows are dominated by perennial grasses with a powerful root system: fescue, bluegrass, hedgehog grass, foxtail grass, timothy grass and others. Many herbs from the legume family. Plants from other families also grow, making up the forbs of the meadow. These are bells, buttercups, daisies, lugocornflowers, popovnik, geranium, bedstraw and others.

Plants of forb plant communities of meadows in most cases form a well-defined turf. The sod consists of tightly closed and intertwined roots and rhizomes of cereals and sedges.

Meadows are used for haymaking and grazing. The most valuable hay is obtained from those meadows where more than half of all plants in the community are tall cereals and leguminous grasses. In areas of meadows where livestock graze, the grass is low. There are many rosette and creeping plants here that are resistant to trampling.

Swamps - these are communities located on land areas that are excessively moistened by standing or flowing waters, occupied by plants that can develop at high humidity.

Swamps arise either when lakes become overgrown, at the bottom of which peat is formed from dead plants, or when land is swamped, if green mosses and sphagnums settle on the soil.

In the first case, the lake, if its shores are not deep, will be overgrown at the edges with reeds, reeds, sedges and other plants. Their stems and leaves, dying by winter, accumulate peat at the bottom of lakes. The lakes become shallow and gradually turn into continuous grassy swamps. If the lake near the shore is deep, then a carpet of floating plants forms on its surface - cinquefoil, watchwort, whitewing and others.

The carpet of intertwined stems of these plants sways under the weight of a person, which is dangerous and should not be stepped on.

Mosses settle on such a peculiar carpet. The lower parts of the mosses, dying, fall to the bottom and gradually fill the entire lake. The lake thus turns into a swamp.

Plants that settle on peat do not come into contact with the soil with their underground organs, which leads to a depletion of their mineral nutrition. Only plants for which such mineral nutrition is sufficient survive. A new plant community is created from marsh shrubs and a few species of herbaceous plants: cotton grass, cotton grass, marsh myrtle, sundew, blueberry, wild rosemary, cranberry, sedge.

A different plant community appears in those swamps where plant roots reach the ground. Many plants of such swamps are of significant size, such as cattails, horsetails, reeds and others.

The number of plant species inhabiting bog plant communities is quite diverse. They grow here different types sedge, rush grass, water plantain, umbelliferous parasol, long-leafed buttercup, marigold, bristle grass, loosestrife, species of burberry, cinquefoil and many others.

The water in swamps is cold and only heats up from the surface. The water is especially cold in the depths of the swamp, since the peat almost does not allow solar heat to pass through. Plant roots do not absorb well cold water and, being in water, suffer from its lack. Plants also suffer from lack of air, because the swamp soil is poor in it. Therefore, only a few plants are well adapted to life in the swamp.

A special group consists ofpond plants.They have a number of characteristics associated with life in water. Thus, the roots and rhizomes of many aquatic plants have a special tissue with cavities for storing air.

Submerged organs have an enlarged outer surface, which is created by cutting leaves into numerous lobes, as in hornwort and water buttercup, or by forming braid-like leaves, as in pondweeds. This structure of the organs facilitates and increases the access of oxygen to the plant from air-depleted water.

Coastal plants grow near the very shore of a pond or lake: chastuha, susak, sedge, buttercups. Further, at shallow depths, reeds and reeds settle. Their roots and lower parts of the stems are usually submerged in water, while the upper parts form tall thickets. Even further away, at a much greater depth, aquatic plants with floating leaves grow. These are a water lily with white flowers and a water lily with yellow flowers.

At great depths in the water there live many different algae, including flowering algae - hornwort and narrow-leaved pondweed.

Ponds are inhabited by small flowering plants that float freely on the surface of the water. These are duckweed and bladderwrack.

NATURAL COMMUNITY "SWAMP"

Swamp... Where did it come from? Swamp... Where did it come from? Once upon a time there was a small lake in this place. Its banks were densely overgrown with reeds and cattails... Water lilies and lilies rose from the bottom. Every year the reeds and reeds grew more and more, stepped from the banks onto the water, and intertwined their stems. And they closed the water... Several decades passed, and the plants completely took over the lake and closed the water. Every year the thickets became denser. And now, from the interweaving of stems, leaves and grasses, a thick layer has formed - it almost reaches the bottom. That’s why, when you walk through a swamp, the bumps are so springy. So your feet get stuck in liquid mud. Several decades passed, and the plants completely took over the lake and closed off the water. Every year the thickets became denser. And now, from the interweaving of stems, leaves and grasses, a thick layer has formed - it almost reaches the bottom. That’s why, when you walk through a swamp, the bumps are so springy. So your feet get stuck in liquid mud. Since ancient times, people have been afraid of swamps. They said that goblin, water goblins, kikimoras and others live there fairy creatures. Hummocks, grasses, mosses, water surface, small shrubs and trees on the islands. Everything is frozen. Everything is shrouded in fog. Since ancient times, people have been afraid of swamps. They said that goblins, mermans, kikimoras and other fairy-tale creatures live there. Hummocks, grasses, mosses, water surface, small shrubs and trees on the islands. Everything is frozen. Everything is shrouded in fog. People tried to settle away from the swamps, from the “rotten” places where they caught colds and were sick more often. But gradually people realized that there was no need to be afraid of swamps. And the swamps revealed their secrets to man. WHAT IS PEAT? The remains of mosses, grasses, stems and leaves of various marsh plants die off from year to year and lie in layers on top of each other. In swamp water without access to air, plant debris decomposes very slowly. Several tens or hundreds of years pass and a peat deposit appears in the swamp.

• Peat is a good fuel. Peat, like coal, is a combustible mineral. But peat is also an excellent fertilizer.

Most of all there is moss in the swamp. The most common moss is sphagnum. It consists of many interlocking soft stems, similar to skeins of tattered harsh threads.

SWAMP PLANTS

Sphagnum moss has the property that it absorbs and retains a lot of water. Ten times more than it weighs itself! It is not for nothing that “sphagnos” means “sponge” in Greek. Arrowhead Arrowheads are perennial herbaceous plants that grow entirely in water or are partially immersed in it. From short thick rhizomes comes out triangular stem. It reaches 20-110 cm in length, but is entirely under water and filled with air-bearing tissue.

In haymaking it’s bitter,

And in the cold it’s sweet.

What kind of berry?

COWBERRY

Berries and leaves

useful.

Berries contain

lots of vitamins

and the leaves are used

as medicinal.

Tender, with a delicate taste. Often, it covers swamp hummocks with continuous carpets.

BLUEBERRY

It is a close relative of the blueberry. Blueberry bushes are taller than cranberries, and in the fall they also bear berries.

Ledum

Marsh rosemary - evergreen shrub, which reaches a height of 1 meter, has a strong smell that causes an instant headache. Its stems are recumbent and have numerous ascending branches.

water pepper

Cotton grass Cotton grass is a perennial plant of the sedge family, with a creeping or shortened rhizome. The name comes from the Greek - carrying fluff. About 20 species are known.

Medicinal plants

valerian

Medicinal plants

Predatory flower

ANIMALS OF THE SWAMPS

The muskrat is a small animal, smaller than our domestic cat, and it builds a hut almost a meter high. He sleeps in his hut during the day, and in the evening he wakes up, combs his fur with his claws and crawls out. The muskrat is listed in the Muskrat is listed in the Red Book

water vole

Swamp viper The largest recorded chain viper measured 1.66 meters, but average length is 1.2 meters. The swamp grass is usually olive in color with staggered dark spots. Occasionally, plain olive or even black individuals are found. The size of the water snake is up to 1.6 m, but usually 1-1.3 m. Females are larger than males

The swamp is home to frogs.

The sandpiper is listed

to the Red Book

A cry is heard in the swamp:

The sandpiper moans and cries.

He feels sorry for his swamp,

I don’t want to say goodbye to him.

But from the close winter blizzards

He must hurry to the south.

white heron

gray heron

In Siberia, in the swamps, if you are very lucky, you can see a white crane - the Siberian Crane. This is very rare bird, there are very few Siberian Cranes left, and they are carefully protected. The Siberian Crane is listed in the Red Book.

Redshank

Shoveler

white-eyed

Teal-whistle

In the evenings and at night, someone’s roar can be heard in the swamp. Deaf and scary. It was as if someone had hit a huge drum and it began to hum. These sounds come from a small, chicken-sized bird called the bittern.

Who roars and laughs in the swamp?

There is some kind of large growth visible on the branch. Suddenly his head turned and two round eyes stared yellow eyes. This is an owl - a night robber. He is the one who laughs so loudly in the swamp when it gets dark. The eagle owl is a very rare bird and needs protection.

GUESTS OF THE SWAMP

NATURAL COMMUNITY NATURAL COMMUNITY “SWAMP” Food chains

THE MEANING OF SWAMPS FOR PEOPLE THE MEANING OF SWAMPS FOR PEOPLE

• Swamps are like huge filters that purify the water.
• Swamps maintain the level of many rivers.
• The remains of dead plants, decomposing at the bottom without air access, turn into peat.
• Swamps are natural reservoirs of water.
• Peat is a fuel, fertilizer, bedding for animals, and a raw material for chemical plants.
• Swamps are places where plants and animals live.

RESERVES OF RUSSIA RESERVES OF RUSSIA ELOSINY ISLAND RESERVES OF RUSSIA RESERVES OF RUSSIA DARWIN RESERVE RESERVES OF RUSSIA RESERVES OF RUSSIA NURGUSH