Presentations about forests. Live, forest! (preservation and restoration of northern forests) Human Rights Environmental Foundation "Biarmia" Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Complex of Arkhangelsk

Presentation on the topic: Forest Presentation on the topic: Forest What is a forest? Pines to the sky, Birches and oaks, Berries, mushrooms. . . Animal paths, Hills and lowlands, Soft grass, An owl on a bitch. Silver lily of the valley, clean, clean air and a spring with living spring water.

Forest - natural complex woody, shrubby, herbaceous and other plants, as well as animals and microorganisms, biologically interconnected in their development and influencing each other and on external environment. The forest forms a more or less closed forest stand. The forest has a great influence on soil formation, climate, moisture circulation processes, etc. The forest is one of the planetary accumulators of living matter in the biosphere. The forest actively interacts with the troposphere and determines the level of oxygen and carbon exchange.

The forest is a harvest, a source of food and raw materials. The forest is an irreplaceable place of relaxation and a selfless friend of man. And our common task is to protect and increase it. The most terrible enemy of the forest is fire, which mercilessly destroys all living things in its path.

Twilight and heat stand in the forest, Resins appear through the bark. And when you enter the forest and wilderness, the dry land smells like ant alcohol. In the thicket, anthills do not sleep, they stir, move, rustle. . . And hiding in the green carpets, inhaling the aroma of flowers, millions of light insects buzz incessantly. I. S. Nikitin.

The forest was and will certainly continue to be a priceless gift - we judge among ourselves. And the main thing is for him to grow throughout the centuries for his own joy and for the joy of people.

Nalibokskaya Pushcha is a natural landmark of Belarus. Not far from Minsk, only about 90 km, there is an amazingly beautiful place, which has been to a small extent affected by merciless human activity - Nalibokskaya Pushcha is one of the largest forest areas in Belarus, according to some sources, in modern Eastern Europe. Crossed by many small and medium-sized watercourses, it not only plays an important role in the formation of the hydrological regime of the adjacent territories, but also gives them a unique landscape. Pierced by numerous streams and rivers, like veins, the Pushcha is a unique natural complex that has become home to many rare plants and animals. Exactly. Nalibokskaya Pushcha is a genetic reservoir for river trout and grayling.

Nalibokskaya Pushcha is not a nature reserve and not national park Belarus. But despite this, the Nalibok flora remains unusually diverse. It contains 820 only higher species plants, according to the number of which it is the richest flora of Belarusian reserves. Almost a quarter of the plants are medicinal, many of them are included in the Red Book: mountain arnica, reviving moonflower. Nalibokskaya Pushcha is officially called the Territory Important for Birds, since here you can find 29 species of birds, which are also listed in the Red Book, including populations of kingfisher and lesser spotted eagle that are important throughout Belarus

Nalibokskaya Pushcha is a natural breeding area for bison, a “town” of beavers. The largest forest area in Belarus and, probably, in all of Eastern Europe. This is a whole “country” - larger in area, for example, than Lebanon or Kuwait, and in terms of the originality of nature and the richness of myths and historical images, it is very different from the rest of Belarus.

The flora of Nalibokskaya Pushcha is rich and diverse: over a thousand species of vascular and bryophyte plants are found here. Almost from early spring and up to late autumn They circle in a colorful round dance, replacing each other. Even before the first leaves appear on the trees, the forest thawed areas are covered with a soft blue carpet: coppice, spring chin, violets are blooming, and among them the chickweeds are shining brightly. Wild garlic, a bear's onion, grows in swampy depressions and damp forests. Its wide, lush green leaves are lined up in continuous rows, like in flower beds. . Next door, under the same environmental conditions, the broad-leaved bellflower grows - a plant of amazing beauty, rarely found in our republic. On a high stem, deep in the axils of the leaves, large flowers 4-6 cm long, reminiscent of garden forms, turn blue. This type of bluebell is protected. Under the canopy of foliage, the flowering of grasses in the Pushcha is no longer proceeding so smoothly.

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Forest - the lungs of the planet Deforestation is an environmental problem. Scientists have long been talking about the harmful effects of technological progress on nature. Climate change, melting ice, decline in quality drinking water have a very negative impact on people's lives. Environmentalists around the world have long sounded the alarm about pollution and destruction of nature. One of the most important environmental problems is deforestation. Forest problems are visible especially in civilized countries. Environmentalists believe that deforestation leads to many negative consequences for the Earth and humans.

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Without forests there will be no life on Earth, this needs to be understood by those on whom their preservation depends. However, wood has long been a commodity that is expensive. And that is why the problem of forest destruction is so difficult to solve. Perhaps people simply don’t realize that their entire lives depend on this ecosystem. Although everyone has long revered the forest, often giving it magical functions. He was a breadwinner and personified the life-giving power of nature. They loved him, they treated the trees with care, and they responded to our ancestors in the same way.

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Forests of the planet In all countries, in every corner of the world, massive deforestation is taking place. The problem with the forest is that with the destruction of trees, many more species of plants and animals die. The ecological balance in nature is disrupted. After all, a forest is not only trees. This is a well-coordinated ecosystem based on the interaction of many representatives of flora and fauna. Besides the trees great importance In its existence there are shrubs, herbaceous plants, lichens, insects, animals and even microorganisms.

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Despite mass deforestation, forests still occupy about 30% of the land area. This is more than 4 billion hectares of land. More than half of them are rainforests. However, the northern, especially coniferous, massifs also play a great role in the ecology of the planet. The richest green countries in the world are Finland and Canada. Russia contains about 25% of the world's forest reserves. The fewest trees left in Europe. Nowadays forests occupy only a third of its territory, although in ancient times it was completely covered with trees. And, for example, in England there are almost none left; only 6% of the land is given over to parks and forest plantations

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Significance of the forest It provides oxygen to humanity. It is no coincidence that they say that forests are the lungs of the planet. And it not only produces oxygen, but also partially absorbs chemical pollutants, purifying the air. A wisely organized ecosystem accumulates carbon, which is important for the existence of life on Earth. It also helps prevent the greenhouse effect, which is increasingly threatening nature. The forest protects the surrounding area from severe temperature changes and night frosts, which has a beneficial effect on the condition of farmland. Scientists have found that the climate is milder where most of the territory is overgrown with trees.

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The benefit of forests for crops also lies in the fact that it protects the soil from washing out, wind drift, landslides and mudflows. Areas overgrown with trees prevent the advance of sand. Forests also play a huge role in the water cycle. It not only filters it and stores it in the soil, but also helps in the spring during floods to fill streams and rivers with water, preventing the area from becoming swamped. The forest helps maintain the level groundwater and prevents floods. Absorption of moisture from the soil by the roots and intensive evaporation by the leaves helps avoid drought.

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What damage does deforestation cause? The environmental problem of the disappearance of the so-called “lungs” of the planet is already worrying many. Most people believe that this threatens to reduce oxygen supplies. It is true, but it is not the main problem. The scale that deforestation has now reached is astounding. Satellite photos of former forest areas help to visualize the situation.

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What can this lead to: the forest ecosystem is destroyed, many representatives of flora and fauna disappear; a decrease in the amount of wood and plant diversity leads to a deterioration in the quality of life of most people; the amount of carbon dioxide increases, which leads to the formation greenhouse effect; trees no longer protect the soil (the washing out of the top layer leads to the formation of ravines, and the lowering of the groundwater level causes the appearance of deserts); soil moisture increases, causing swamps to form; Scientists believe that the disappearance of trees on mountain slopes leads to the rapid melting of glaciers. Researchers estimate that deforestation causes damage to the global economy of up to $5 trillion a year.

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What happens after cutting down? On open space completely different conditions are created. Therefore it grows new forest only where the deforestation area is not very large. What prevents young plants from growing stronger: The level of illumination changes. Those undergrowth plants that are accustomed to living in the shade die. Another temperature regime. Without tree protection, sharper temperature fluctuations and frequent night frosts occur. This also leads to the death of many plants. An increase in soil moisture can lead to waterlogging. And the wind blowing moisture from the leaves of young shoots does not allow them to develop normally. The dying of roots and the decomposition of the forest floor release many nitrogenous compounds that enrich the soil. However, those plants that need just such minerals feel better on it. Raspberries or fireweed grow fastest in clearings; birch or willow shoots develop well. Therefore, restoration deciduous forests goes quickly if a person does not interfere with this process. And here coniferous trees after cutting down they grow very poorly, since they reproduce by seeds for which there is no normal conditions development. Such Negative consequences has deforestation. The solution to the problem - what is it?

Shrubs pine forest: juniper evergreen shrub or a small tree. On one plant you can see both very young cone berries, one- and two-year-old green berries, and mature black ones at the same time. It grows in the undergrowth of coniferous, mainly pine, forests in both dry and swampy soil. The wood is used in turning. Cone berries are used in medicine, perfumery, confectionery and alcoholic beverage industries.

Shrubs of the pine forest: rose hips, or cinnamon shrub, up to 2 m high. The shoots are covered with thorns and numerous thorns. The leaves are imparipinnate. The flowers are pink, fragrant. The “fruits” are usually spherical or elliptical, smooth, fleshy, orange or red. Grows in forests, forest edges and clearings; in river valleys. The most important vitamin plant - contains a lot ascorbic acid. The fruits are harvested for the production of vitamin concentrates.

Shrubs of pine forest on dry soils: lingonberry Evergreen shrub, cm high, with a creeping stem. The leaves are oval, leathery, dark green. White-pink flowers are collected in a one-sided brush. The fruit is a spherical dark red berry with a diameter of about 7 mm. It grows in pine forests, in swampy birch and spruce forests, on ridges among sphagnum bogs. The berries are used for food in fresh and processed forms. Food for upland game and bears. Lingonberry is a medicinal plant.

Shrubs of pine forest on dry soils: heather An evergreen shrub, cm high, with small leaves. Flowers are collected in one-sided racemes. The calyx is 4-separated, like the corolla, pink, rarely white. The corolla is bell-shaped, shorter than the calyx. The fruit is a capsule. Blooms from July to September, bears fruit in September-October. Grows on sandy soil in sparse pine forests, on dunes, burnt areas, and also on peat bogs. Honey plant.

Pine forest plants on dry soils: bearberry Creeping evergreen shrub with shoots up to 1.3 m long. Leaves are oblong-ovate, leathery. Inflorescence - apical raceme of several drooping white-pink flowers with a pitcher-shaped corolla. The fruit is a bright red berry-shaped drupe. Grows in light pine forests on sandy or gravelly soil. It grows in burnt areas and clearings. Medicinal plant. The fruits are food for upland game.

Plants of a pine forest on dry soils: club moss Sporangia are collected in spore-bearing spikelets. Plant of dry light-coniferous forests, mainly pine. Moss moss spores (trade name "lycopodium") were used as baby powder, as well as for bedsores and weeping eczema. Spores were used in the construction sparklers and fireworks, when photographing. Lycopodium was used in metallurgy for coating molds and shaped casting.

Low blueberry, up to 50 cm high, is a shrub with densely branched, green, faceted branches. The leaves are alternate, elliptical, serrated along the edges. The flowers are single or 2, located in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruit is a juicy spherical berry up to 1 cm in diameter, black and blue. Grows in humid conditions coniferous forests, and in moss swamps. An important food and medicinal plant. Used for tanning and dyeing leather. Honey plant.

On moist and rich soils, the European septum is found. A perennial herbaceous plant 6-20 cm high. The upper rather large lanceolate leaves (most often there are 7 of them, as reflected in the name) are brought together into a whorl in the upper part of the shoot; one or 2-4 pedicels emerge from its center, bearing rather large snow-white flowers. There are usually 7 sepals, petals and stamens. The corolla is sphenoletal. The fruits are multi-seeded capsules. Blooms in May-June. The fruits ripen in July. A typical forest plant of a coniferous forest.

Common goldenrod, or golden rod, is also found on moist and rich soils. A perennial herbaceous plant cm high. The leaves are oblong-elliptical. The baskets are small, collected in general racemes or paniculate inflorescences. The flowers are yellow, marginal pseudolingulate, middle tubular. The fruits are achenes with a brownish tuft. Blooms from May to September, fruits ripen in July-September. Grows in forests, clearings, ravines, thickets of bushes, meadows, and roadside plantings.

On moist and rich soils, bifolia is found. It is a perennial herbaceous plant, cm high, with a thin creeping branched rhizome. Blooms in May-June, the fruits ripen in August. It reproduces by seeds and vegetatively: the rhizomes, growing, give rise to new plants. Distributed in Russia in the zone of conifers and deciduous forests European part, in Siberia and on Far East. Grows in fairly loose and moderately moist soil.

Types of pine forests in the Arkhangelsk region Lichen - 10.2% - no undergrowth, the soil is covered with lichens; Green moss – 40.6% – the soil is covered with green moss; Long-moss - 14.2% - cuckoo flax predominates; Sphagnum - 25.5% - sphagnum dominates; Grass-marsh - 6.7% - have a thick grass cover.

Forest is an important object economic activity people Today, 20 thousand products are made from wood. There are also side uses northern forest, for example, harvesting berries. Blueberries produce kg/ha, lingonberries – kg/ha. They also collect mushrooms medicinal plants, beekeeping products, resin.

Wooden architecture is one of the most important components of ancient Russian culture. Wood in Rus' was a comprehensive material. Ships, fortresses, huts, bridges, mills, chapels, and all peasant utensils were made of wood. Pine was used very often.

Literature 1. Gulenkova M. A., Krasnikova A. A. Summer field practice in botany: Textbook. Benefit. – M.: Education, Izmailov I.V., Mikhlin V.E., Shashkov E.V., Shubkina L.S. Biological excursions. – M.: Education, Polyansky I. I. Botanical excursions. Manual for teachers. – M.: Education, Geography of the Arkhangelsk region ( Physiography) 8th grade. Tutorial for students. / Edited by Byzova N.M. - Arkhangelsk, publishing house of the Pomeranian International Pedagogical University named after M.V. Lomonosov, School tourist routes in the Arkhangelsk region. / comp. Manikhin G.I. – Arkhangelsk Order of the Badge of Honor, State Pedagogical Institute named after M.V. Lomonosov, Ecology of the Arkhangelsk Region: Textbook for students in grades 9-11 secondary school/ Under. Ed. Batalova A. E., Morozova L. V. - M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, Electronic publication “Biology 6-11 grades”. Republican Multimedia Center, 2004.

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We are entering the forest We are entering the forest today Full of fairy tales and miracles. Who is lurking in its wilderness? What kind of animal? What bird? We’ll find out everything without hiding! Let's unravel the mysteries of the forest!

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Objectives of the lesson: To form in students an idea of ​​the role of forests in the life of man and nature. Introduce environmental problems forests with medicinal plants. To consolidate knowledge of the rules of behavior in the forest. Bring up careful attitude to nature, environmental literacy of schoolchildren.

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Meaning of forest Forest - lungs of our planet. Forest -pure water and food. The forest is a place for human recreation. The forest is a source of medicinal plants. The forest is a home for animals. Forest is a source of wood. The forest is beauty.

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Forest Complaint Book Do not break branches of trees and bushes. Do not damage the bark of trees. Don't collect Birch juice. Don't pick up medicinal plants. Don't pollute the forest with garbage. Don't make noise in the forest. Don't go close to birds' nests. Don't destroy anthills.

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Forest Pharmacy The lily of the valley was born on a May day, And the forest protects it. It seems to me that it’s hit, - It will ring quietly. And this ringing will be heard by the meadow, and the birds, and the flowers around. Lily of the valley drops are used for heart disease.

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Dandelion Wears a dandelion Yellow sundress. When he grows up, he will dress up in a little white dress. Lush, airy, obedient to the breeze. He is noticeable, golden, He grew old and became gray, And as soon as he turned grey, he flew away with the wind. Dandelion increases appetite and is eaten by animals.

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Sphagnum moss Between cranberries and cloudberries Resident of forest swamps. On a hummock there is moss without a stem, It grows wherever you look. He is grayish below, greener above. If you need some cotton wool, grab it quickly. On the bushes of the clearing Dried in the summer heat, He treated the wounds of the partisans in the wilderness of the forest. Sphagnum moss is used as a cotton wool substitute.

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Chamomile And if you happen to catch a cold, a cough will develop and a fever will rise. Pull a mug towards you, in which a slightly bitter, fragrant decoction is smoking. Familiar from childhood, dear chamomile... Medicinal chamomile is used for colds and coughs.

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The plantain is a friend of the traveler, the plantain, a boring, nondescript leaf, lays down like a damp patch. Many of us have no idea that the cure was found right there, on the path, at our feet. Plantain is used for abrasions, burns, and insect bites.

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Rest in the forest Forest walks Horse riding Gathering wild berries and mushrooms Collecting medicinal plants Getting to know forest plants

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Forest landmarks 1. Orientation by trees. 2. Orientation by bird nests. 3.Mushroom orientation. 4.Orientation by the sun. 5. Orientation along the anthill.

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forest and man The work was done by Khazieva Elmira Ilsurovna Forests adorn the earth... they teach a person to understand beauty and instill in him a majestic mood. A. CHEKHOV

The forest is our wealth and the source of life on earth. He gives us shady coolness, the fabulous beauty of herbs and flowers, a magical and colorful world of sounds, intoxicating crystal-clear air, as well as the healing harvest of his trees and shrubs, herbs and flowers. The gifts of the forest are a huge nutritional and vitamin contribution of nature to the human diet.

In our fast-paced age, every person needs communication with nature. Everyone who has been in the forest at least once has experienced its life-giving power. Relaxing in the forest, in the shade of oak groves, among green herbs and fragrant flowers relieves fatigue and brings great joy. Therefore, it is not surprising that every year the flow of people spending their leisure time in the forest, near rivers, in clearings, on the edges of forests, where the most valuable fruit and medicinal plants usually grow, is growing. Vacationers in the forest excessively collect mushrooms, fruits, berries and plants, cut down trees and bushes, worsen the air and water regime, that is, they cause irreparable damage to nature.

Many people, when collecting huge armfuls of flowers, do not think about the fact that they are harming nature, believing that everything will reproduce itself. Unfortunately, it is not. Every broken branch, flower or mushroom torn from its roots is not restored, but becomes diseased and often leads to the death of the entire plant.

Often on the way to the forest we come across the inscription: “The forest is our wealth, take care of it.” But we don't always think about this phrase. At all times, human life was closely connected with the forest, in it he found shelter, food, built a home, and medicinal plants brought life back to him. He learned beauty and kindness from nature.

With the increase in the number of people, the attack on the forest was especially active, its area was sharply reduced, and the condition of the land as a source of wealth deteriorated. The consequences of human intervention have not passed without a trace; they have changed not only individual regions, but also vast territories. The catastrophic destruction of forests has led to climate change, deterioration of the composition of air and water, salinization of the soil, a drop in its fertility, and the disappearance of hundreds of plants and animals.

Today, the main task of protecting nature and forests in particular is not consumerism, but its rational use in combination with constant reproduction and increase. The forest is not only wood, it is a source clean air and water, and the gifts of the forest are a pantry food products and medicinal raw materials, a source of health.

It is known that 1 hectare of forest is capable of filtering 50-70 tons of dust in the air per year. In addition, plants annually absorb about 600 billion tons during photosynthesis. carbon dioxide and release about 400 billion tons of free oxygen into the atmosphere. During the gas exchange of plants, a number of volatile phytogenic compounds enter the air, soil and water, killing pathogens of various diseases in humans and animals. Therefore, the air and water in the forest are several times cleaner than in the field, and hundreds of times cleaner than in the city. In the forest in 1 cubic. m. of air there are 50-100 times less bacteria than in an urban environment, which is why forests are called the lungs of the planet.

Every year, 500 million cars on the planet emit over 400 million tons of carbon monoxide and about 100 million tons of various hydrocarbons into the air, so it becomes obvious what a huge job our forests do in maintaining the purity of the planet’s air.

The forest is our wealth. Forests create an amazing microclimate, have a beneficial effect on a person’s moral tone, and calm nervous system, improve overall well-being. A forest is a complex formation of interacting organisms: plants, animals and soil with its rich microflora and fauna. Without birds the forest will die, without insects many plants will disappear, without animals we will not get meat and fur, as well as honey and medicinal raw materials. The most valuable gene pool of food and medicinal plants is concentrated here.

In enriching the human diet, a variety of forest products play an important role - fruits, berries, nuts, mushrooms, herbs, roots, honey and others. It is necessary to use these benefits of the forest, since forest plants are the richest in vitamins, but they must be used skillfully and in moderation. Do not break branches of trees and bushes, do not damage bark and wood, and do not uproot mushrooms, flowers and plants.

When we are in the forest, in the bosom of nature, we must always remember that our right is to use its benefits, and our sacred duty is to protect it, that is, to use it rationally, so that nature gives joy and happiness, so that the lists of plants and animals in the “Red Book” ” did not increase, but on the contrary, decreased.

So that the forest brings maximum benefit it is necessary that every visitor to the forest not only use its gifts, but also think about their reproduction, that is, observe basic rules behavior in the forest. When using the resources of the forest, we should not cause harm through our actions. irreparable harm nature, and thereby yourself.

Only careful attitude towards the rich pantry of our green friend and rational use forest food products will allow preserving nature and forest gifts for future generations.

Let us be friends of nature, not enemies!