World map of Syria. Where is Syria on the world map

Syria is a country in Asia Minor. The population of the state is about 20 million people. The capital of Syria is the ancient city of Damascus. According to some sources, Damascus is the oldest capital in the world existing today. The territory of Syria is the place of origin and development ancient states on the planet. Rocks, sands and the majestic Euphrates saw armies led by Egyptian pharaohs and raids by wild tribes of the Mediterranean, hordes of warlike ancient Persian kings and the army of Alexander the Great, Roman legions and cavalry of the Turks. Syria is a kind of crossroads of eras and civilizations, religions and cultures that are closely intertwined.

Syria. Satellite map
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Located in the Middle East, Syria has a fairly dry and hot climate. Only in the west of the country in the Mediterranean zone the climate is humid subtropical. This is where the breadbasket of the country is located. Although Syria has a very good Mediterranean resort near the city of Latakia, tourists come to Syria to see the amazing and grandiose historical sights. Here you can observe amazing things: for example, Christian ancient shrines can be carefully preserved in a Muslim mosque.

Syria. Physical card

Aleppo (the ancient city of Aleppo) can also lay claim to the title of the oldest city in Western Asia. The ruins of ancient Phoenician and Christian sanctuaries are located next to Muslim mosques. Built from black basalt, ancient Bosra is amazing daily visiting tourists with a huge Roman amphitheater and the greatest mosque in the world. In the center of the Syrian desert is the legendary Palmyra, where you can see the ruins of the temple of the main Phoenician deity Baal, Greek and Roman buildings. The city of Homs, where the Temple of the Belt is located, is also of great religious significance. Mother of God and the mausoleum of the valiant Arab commander Ibn al-Walid.
Syria is a land of antiquities and modern technologies, where representatives of different faiths live side by side. The temporary socio-political difficulties of this country will pass, but tourist interest in Syria will remain forever.

Syria (Syrian Arab Republic) is a state in the Middle East. Syria borders Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. Washed by the Mediterranean Sea. Next you will see several maps with which you can more accurately imagine where this state is located.

Syria is one of the most ancient civilizations. It is believed that civilized society arose here back in the 4th millennium BC. Even then, writing, art, various crafts, and agriculture existed here. Among other things, ancient Syria is known for its stunning architecture, which still amazes explorers, scientists and ordinary people. The capital of Syria is Damascus. Damascus is considered one of the most ancient cities peace. The first mention of Damascus dates back to 2500 BC.

Currently in Syria, since 2011, there has been civil war, as well as the war against a terrorist group*.

*Islamic State(ISIS) is a banned organization in the Russian Federation.

Syria on the world map

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Syria– a country with a thousand-year history and a rich selection of different interesting places. On its territory there are architectural monuments, ancient shrines and objects left over from different civilizations.

Quiet and cozy parks, as well as noisy authentic markets with colorful sellers and a wide variety of goods, also attract attention here. To have an idea about this state, you need to know where Syria is.

Syria on the political map of the world in Russian

Syria is an eastern state. Location: Asia Minor. Its territory is Holy Land- the place where the most important biblical events unfolded.

Geographical location - where and on what continent is it located?

Syria is a state located on Middle East. The territory of this country covers an area of ​​185.2 thousand square meters. m, and its population is 13 million people.

On the map it is located on the Eurasian continent, but you can find it in southwest Asia.

What countries does it border with?

Syria neighbors several states at once, but this country has no common borders. Who does the country border with then? Countries bordering Syria on land:

• Lebanon;
• Jordan;
• Türkiye;
• Israel;
• Iraq.

Such close proximity to these states could not but affect the history and culture of the country, which is especially noticeable in the various architectural structures located near the borders.

The territory of Syria is washed by the Mediterranean Sea. Read about this pool at.

It is also worth noting which areas and cities border Syria. Türkiye has borders in the south of the country, and some regions and cities are located in places dangerous for tourists. In Turkey, such areas include Suruc County in Sanliurfa Province and Hatay Province, and in Syria – Akcakala and Latakia. The capital city of Damascus is located almost near the borders.

In some areas located on the borders of Israel and Syria, the situation remains somewhat unstable. This is due to various historical events, including the fact that he occupied a small part of Syria - Dutch Heights- an area located close to large lake Kinneret.

In the east, Syria shares borders with Lebanon. In Lebanon, near the borders of the country there is a city Al Masnaa, and on the Syrian side, near the border points there are:

1. Damascus;
2. Aleppo;
3. Latakia.

IN peacetime Latakia was the country's famous resort and the main port of Syria on the Mediterranean Sea.

Syrian border and Jordan passes through points such as Ramtha and Jaber. The second point is located 80 kilometers from famous city Amman is an unusually attractive and colorful capital.

On the borders of Syria and Iraq there are no major tourist cities. Basically, these areas are dominated by mountains, rivers and forests. All boundaries can be traced large.

What kind of country is this?

According to scientists, the history of Syria began around 2500 BC. e., therefore the country is considered one of the oldest in the world. In ancient times, writing existed here, and science and art also actively developed.

Historical background

Throughout history, the territory of Syria has occupied strategically important position, and its coastal settlements served as quite profitable trading bases. Thanks to such features, this country is different times tried to conquer various empires.

Throughout its history, Syria belonged to the Roman, Persian, Egyptian and Babylonian empires, but in the end this country remained in power Ottoman Empire. After defeat in the First World War, Türkiye was forced to transfer part of its territory, so Syria, along with Lebanon, withdrew French.

French domination did not last long - in 1954 there was coup, during which it was decided that Syria would be an Arab state and independent country. This caused violent discontent among some residents of the country, and as a result, uprisings took place in many of its cities.

During these events, the Minister of Defense came to power in 1970 Hafez al-Assad- This is the man who strengthened Syria’s position in the Middle East. He was successfully re-elected several times until he died in 2000. From then to the present day, his son, Bashar, has taken his place in power.

Internal structure

Being a relatively small state, Syria is home to quite large number people. Today, approximately 13 to 18 million people live on its territory (according to various sources). Of this number, about 90% are Syrians- inhabitants who occupy the Mediterranean coast.

The Mediterranean coast of the country has the most suitable soil for agricultural work.

About 9% of those living in Syria are Kurds – local people, leading a nomadic lifestyle, and about 1% are Armenians. The last representatives of the country can be found mainly in the city of Aleppo.

Despite the fact that in Syria there is a fairly large number of sites of different faiths, including Christian monuments, the main religion of this country is Islam. The number of believers here reaches 90%. Official language– Arabic, head of state – president.

Climatic conditions

Syria is different arid climate, but at the same time, the weather is different in different regions of this country. Coastal cities are characterized by a Mediterranean subtropical climate with little precipitation and high humidity. In the summer season, this region is hot and quite dry, and in winter it is warm and rainy.

In the east of Syria - on the slope of the Ansaria ridge there is continental climate , but the higher it is, the more the air temperature drops. At medium altitudes in summer the bar shows up to +5 degrees. IN summer time the amount of precipitation is minimal, while in winter it falls more than in any other region.

How to get there?

When trying to get to the territory of Syria, you should first of all choose a convenient option on how to get to the country and what time is best to do it.

Time zone - time difference with Moscow

The entire territory of Syria is located within the same time zone, so visitors to the country will have no problems finding their way around. Exact time completely coincides with Moscow in such famous cities:

• Damascus;
• Aleppo;
• Homs;
• Latakia.

Thus, the time zone of this country is UTC +3:00.

How to get there and how many hours to fly?

The easiest way to find yourself in a country is to go there. It is worth noting that currently (due to military events) regular flights from Moscow discontinued, as are rail and ferry connections from neighboring countries.

In peacetime, regular flights depart from the capital, traveling from Sheremetyevo-2 or Vnukovo airport to Damascus.

Airlines operating the flight are Aeroflot, Syrian Airlines. Flight time is about 3.5 hours.

(Syrian Arab Republic)

General information

Geographical location. Syria is a state in Western Asia, spreading from Mediterranean Sea in the west to Iraq in the east at the center of ancient trade routes between Europe, Asia and Africa. In the north the country borders with Turkey, in the south with Jordan, and in the west with Lebanon and Israel (Golan Heights). Length Mediterranean coast- 180 km.

Square. The territory of Syria occupies 185,200 square meters. km.

Main cities administrative division. The capital of Syria is Damascus. Largest cities: Damascus (1,500 thousand people), Aleppo (1,500 thousand people), Homs (580 thousand people), Al-Ladhimiya (300 thousand people). Administrative-territorial division of the country: 13 governorates (governments) and the municipality of Damascus equivalent to them.

State system

Syria is a republic. The head of state is the president. The head of government is the prime minister. The legislative body is the unicameral People's Council.

Relief. Most of Syria is a desert plateau with low mountains, descending from west to east. In the west, two mountain ranges stretch, forming the Jebel Ansariya mountains (height up to 1,562 m) along the Mediterranean coast, the mountains of Kurd Dagh, Jebel Zawiya, Anti-Lebanon (height up to 2,814 m) and Jebel El-Sheikh (the Arabic name for the mountain Hermon ridge, most of which is now located in Israel). In southern Syria, the black basalt massif of Jebel Druze rises. The coastal lowland with evergreen vegetation and luxurious beaches is 10-20 km wide. You can almost swim in the warm sea all year round. The east of the country is hilly steppe, semi-desert and desert with rare oases. The northeastern part is occupied by the Jezire Desert.

Geological structure and minerals. The country's subsoil contains reserves of oil, phosphates, manganese, and chromium.

Climate. The climate on the coast is subtropical Mediterranean, with damp, mild winters (average January temperature + 12°C) and dry summers with average temperature+26°C. It is colder in the mountains and snow falls in winter. In the interior regions, the climate is dry continental, characterized by large seasonal and daily temperature changes, for example, in winter the temperature can vary from +10°C at night to +20°C during the day, and in summer maximum temperature reach +45°С, +50°С.

Inland waters. The Euphrates River flows from northwest to southeast for 680 km through Syria. In ancient times, just to the south, in Mesopotamia (or Mesopotamia, between the Euphrates and the Tigris), the oldest civilization on earth arose. Another deep river, the Orontes, flows through the country, 570 km long, in Syria - 325 km.

Soils and vegetation. The mountain slopes are covered with forests (oak, pine, cypress, laurel), occupying about 3% of the country's territory. As the height increases, forests become alpine meadows. Trees also include poplar, tamarisk, chestnut and eucalyptus. Palm trees can be seen in the Palmyra oasis.

Animal world. The fauna of Syria is quite poor. Predators include the panther, jackal, striped hyena. There are antelopes, gazelles, and onagers (wild donkeys). Lots of reptiles and rodents.

Population and language

The country's population is approximately 13.5 million people: from 80% to 90% (according to different sources) - Arabs. There are about 100 thousand Bedouins. National minorities are represented by Kurds, Armenians, Turks and Circassians. The official language is Arabic (Syrian dialect). In Aleppo and other big cities they speak Armenian, in some villages east of the Euphrates they speak Turkish. In two or three villages, the language of the Bible - Aramaic - has been preserved to this day. Locals understand English language, the older generation is French.

Religion

The dominant religion in Syria is Islam. Of the 82% of Muslims, Sunnis make up 68%, Shiites - 14%. Shiites are divided into several sects: Alawites (Nusairis) - 11.5%, Ismailis - 1.5%. About 3% are Druze.

Brief historical sketch

About 800 thousand years ago they came from Africa to Syria primitive people. About fifty ancient settlements have been excavated in Syria. Early Paleolithic objects were found in Sitt Marko, Ras Shamra and Latamna, and the oldest human remains of the Middle Paleolithic (Mesolithic) period were found in the Dederia caves. English archaeologist Leonard Woolley in 1927-1928. excavated the city of Ur on the Euphrates, the legendary homeland of the forefather Abraham. The royal tombs he discovered provided a wealth of information about the life of the Sumerians and their funeral rites. But the most striking discovery was that under the cultural layer with the remains of the tombs there was an absolutely clean layer of clay about two and a half meters thick. The only possible conclusion was made: an unprecedented flood occurred in ancient Sumer. Perhaps the real flood described in the Tale of Gilgamesh, older than the Bible, discovered on clay cuneiform tablets, served as the basis for the biblical story of World Flood. Lists of ancient kings and texts of treaties and laws were deciphered on clay tablets. Archaeological excavations and deciphered texts have proven: in the 4th millennium BC. e. Canaanite (Amorite) tribes lived in the Euphrates Valley and, in particular, in the territory of modern Syria. At the end of the 3rd - beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. e. Early slave states emerged in the region.

In the XVI-XIV centuries. BC e. There were almost continuous wars on Syrian territory. Syria was conquered in turn by the Egyptians, the Mitanni Empire (which controlled Jezira), the Hittites, then the Arameans, by the 1st millennium BC. e. spreading their influence over almost the entire Southwest Asia. The Hittites, whose empire was destroyed around 1200 BC. e., were pushed into Northern Syria and the Upper Euphrates Valley and created new Hittite kingdoms there with centers in Aleppo, Karchemish, Hama, and Arpad. At the beginning of the 10th century. BC e. The Aramaic kingdom of Damascus arose on the territory of Syria, from the 8th century. part of Assyria (from about the 9th century BC), then the Neo-Babylonian (in the 7th century BC), the ancient Persian kingdom of the Achaemenids (until 333 BC) and the Hellenistic state of the Seleucids. Another Aramaic kingdom, established in Ham, was also conquered by Assyria in the 9th century. In 333 BC. e. In Northern Syria, the troops of Alexander the Great defeated the huge army of the Persian king Darius III. After the death of the great commander, the empire was divided. The east went to Alexander's general Seleucus Nicator (founder of the Seleucid dynasty). The Greeks founded the cities of Antioch, Alamea, and Dura-Europos in Syria.

In 64 BC. e. The Romans crushed the Palmyra kingdom, which stretched from Egypt to Asia Minor and occupied a significant part of modern Syria. Antioch became the capital of the new Roman province. BIV-VII centuries n. e. Syria was a prosperous province of the Byzantine Empire. BIV-V centuries were being built Christian churches, new rich cities arose. In 532, Syria experienced a Persian invasion, and after the war between the Byzantines and the Sasanian Persians in 603, in 611 the Persians again poured into the country, finally expelled from Syria in 627. When in 636 the Arabs defeated the Byzantines at Yarmuk, Damascus surrendered. In 639, Aleppo, Antioch and Latakia were captured, and then the whole country.

In 661, Muawiyah, the Arab governor of Syria and founder of the Umayyad dynasty, seized power and moved the capital to Damascus. Until 750 Damascus remained the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate. It was during this period that it spread Arabic, most of the population converted to Islam and Islamic art was born. In 750, supporters of Abu al-Abbas, who founded the Abbasid dynasty, overthrew the Umayyad dynasty. In 762, the capital of the Arab Caliphate was moved to Baghdad, and the role of Syria noticeably decreased. In 868, Ahmad ibn Tulun (founder of the Tulunid dynasty), ruler of Egypt, conquered Syria. In 934, Damascus, like Egypt, passed into the hands of the Ikshid dynasty, who were soon expelled from Northern Syria to the south of the country and Egypt Arab dynasty Hamdanids (later Fatimids). Until 975, the Hamdanids also ruled in Aleppo, until they were expelled by the Byzantine emperor John I Tzimiskes.

In the X-XI centuries. a significant part of the country was captured by the Seljuk Turks. XI-XIII centuries - era crusades. In 1097-1098 The crusaders besieged and took Antioch, and then founded the Principality of Antioch - one of many principalities and kingdoms (including Jerusalem) founded by the crusaders in the East. Since those times, fairly well-preserved castles and fortresses of the crusader knights have remained on the territory of Syria. The power of the Crusaders was not stable. In 1173, Salah ad-Din (known in Europe as Saladin) captured Damascus and united Egypt and Syria, beginning the Ayyubid dynasty. In 1187, at the Battle of Hattin, he captured Jerusalem. From 1265 the Crusaders began to be driven out of the East. In 1268, Sultan Baybars captured Jaffa in Palestine and Antioch in Syria. In 1271, the Crusader fortress fell, in 1285 - the Markaba fortress, in 1303 - the island of Aruad - the last stronghold of the Crusaders in Syria.

From the 13th century until the beginning of the 16th century. Syria was ruled by the Egyptian Mamluks - warriors of the Egyptian sultans, recruited from slaves of Turkic origin, and in 1250 seized power in Egypt and ruled Egypt and Syria until the Turkish conquest in 1517. In 1400, Syria experienced an invasion of the Mongols, in 1401 troops Tamerlane captured and burned Damascus, exterminating its inhabitants. In 1453, the Turks captured Constantinople, consolidating their victory over the Byzantine Empire and quickly conquering Southwest Asia. In 1516, under Selim I, the Turks captured Egypt and Syria, and until 1918 Syria was part of the Ottoman Empire (named after Osman, the creator of the emirate and then the empire). The most significant events of this period: 1812. - uprising of the Janissaries, who managed to take Damascus and Aleppo; 1860 - extermination of Christians in Damascus. During World War I, Türkiye, and therefore the entire Ottoman Empire, was an ally of Germany. To expel Turkish troops from the territory of South-West Asia, Sheikh Faisal teamed up with British and French troops. In 1917, Faisal entered Damascus, and in 1920 he founded the Arab kingdom.

Following the defeat of Germany and its ally the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the League of Nations gave France a mandate to govern Syria in 1920. French rule was marked by numerous uprisings, the most powerful of which was the Druze uprising in 1925, which ended with the bombing of Damascus captured by the rebels. In the summer of 1941, British, French and Jordanian troops entered Syria to overthrow the pro-fascist regime. As a result of a powerful national liberation movement, the French military authorities in November 1941 were forced to recognize the independence of Syria. In 1943, the first national government was formed, and on April 17, 1946, all foreign troops were withdrawn from the country. From 1945 to 1954, several coups d'etat took place in Syria. General Zaim's coup occurred after the first Arab-Israeli war in 1948 (which in Israel is called the War of Independence).

In February 1958, Syria and Egypt united to form the United Arab Republic (UAR), with Egyptian President Nasser as president, but in 1962 Syria left the union and became the independent Syrian Arab Republic (SAR). The head of the republic is the president; legislative power in the country belongs to parliament. In 1963, the Baath Party came to power, whose motto was the words “Unity-Freedom-Socialism.” The subsequent period was marked by a rapprochement with Soviet Union, nationalization of many industrial sectors. In 1967, during the Six Day War with Israel, Syria lost the Golan Heights. In 1970, General Hafez al-Assad, who had previously been the Minister of Defense and united several political parties to the Progressive National Front. The remaining parties were banned. In 1992, he was elected president for the fourth time for seven years, almost unanimously. The period of Assad's rule, which undoubtedly brought stability to the life of the country, was overshadowed by another Arab-Israeli war - the Yom Kippur War, as a result of which not only it was not possible to return the Golan, but israeli army ended up 40 km from Damascus, and Syria suffered serious economic damage.

Brief Economic Sketch

Syria is an agrarian-industrial country. They cultivate grains and legumes, industrial crops (cotton, sugar beets and cane, tobacco). Fruit growing, vegetable growing, viticulture, melon growing, olive groves. Extensive livestock farming. Fishing. Extraction of oil, phosphates, salt. Textile and food industry. Chemical, leather and footwear, oil refining enterprises. Handicrafts. Export of oil, petroleum products, cotton, agricultural products, textiles.

The currency is the Syrian pound.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. With the rise of the national liberation movement in Syria, a new art was born. Even the titles of the paintings by artists Farid Kardous “The Awakening of the Arabs” and Nazem Jafari “Peoples Welcome the Unity of the Arabs” can judge its direction. The first Syrian artists studied in Italy, France and Germany; from 1950, art exhibitions began to be periodically held in Damascus, and in 1956 the Syrian Art Society was founded. Realist Nazem Jafari's favorite subject was the urban landscape of Damascus. Genre artists Mahmoud Jalal (Peasant Woman with a Straw Tray) and Nassir Shaur (Portraits of Peasant Women) created poetic and pure images of Syrian women. Naim Ismail in his work relies on the traditions of medieval miniatures, even in works on household topics(“Market”, “Village Road”, etc.). Some of Syria's contemporary artists have also been strongly influenced by Western European abstract art.

Syria or the Syrian Arab Republic is a country in the Middle East. A satellite map of Syria shows that the country borders Iraq, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Israel. The area of ​​the country is 185,180 square meters. km.

Syria's economy is based on oil exports and agriculture. Frequent military clashes, the policies of the Syrian government and trade and economic sanctions have negatively affected the country's economy and led to a lack of foreign investment and high level unemployment.

The largest cities in Syria are Aleppo (Aleppo), Damascus (the capital), Homs, Hama and Latakia. The country's national currency is the Syrian pound.

Water lifting wheels in the city of Hama

Brief History of Syria

Despite the fact that the modern statehood of Syria dates back a little more than 70 years, civilization in this territory developed back in the fourth millennium BC. e. For many centuries, the territory of Syria passed from one hand to another, until the Ottoman Empire took possession of it in 1517.

1922 – France received the territory of modern Syria

1940-1941 – France was occupied by German troops, and the collaborationist Vichy Regime was established in Syria

1946 – Syrian independence from France

1958-1961 – Syria and Egypt united to form the United Arab Republic

1963 - military coup in Syria, the Baath Party (Arab Socialist Renaissance Party) came to power

Umayyad Mosque in Damascus

1973 – Syrian participation in the Yom Kippur War. As a result, a buffer zone was formed between Syria and Israel (Golan Heights)

1976-1982 – Islamic uprising: the struggle of Islamists against the Baath Party. Hama massacre

1963-2011 – a state of emergency was in effect in Syria, concentrating all power in the hands of the military

From 2011 to the present day (2014) - civil war in Syria between government forces and Syrian opposition militants, which began as the “Friday Revolution”

Civil war in Syria

Sights of Syria

On detailed map In Syria, from a satellite you can see the Palmyra desert, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the ancient cities of Bosra, Apamea, Duro Europos and Halabiya.

In Syria, the ruins of many ancient cities have been preserved: the Aramaic city of Ain Dara, the Phoenician city of Amrit, the ancient Philipopolis (city of Shahba), the Mesopotamian city of Mari and ancient city in the Palmyra desert.

Ancient city in the desert Palmyra

Among the historical attractions, it is worth noting the fortress in the city of Aleppo, old town in Damascus, the complex of the Phoenician temple of Hosn Suleiman, the water-lifting wheels of the city of Hama, the castle of Krak des Chevaliers, the castle of Jaber and the citadel of Salah ad-Din.

Among the religious attractions it is worth seeing the Great Mosque of Aleppo, the Saidanai Monastery, the Monastery of St. Thekla, Mar Musa Al-Habasi Monastery and Great Mosque Umayyads.

Syria is also famous for its markets. It is worth checking out the Al-Madinah market in Aleppo, the Bzouriya spice market and the Hamidiya market in Damascus.