Personal pronouns in English. English language - grammar - pronouns - personal pronouns

A pronoun or pronoun is a part of speech that indicates objects, quantities or characteristics without naming them. As in Russian, pronouns in English can act as the subject, predicate, or one of the minor members of a sentence.

The problem with using pronouns is that without some context, the meaning of pronoun sentences can be lost. That is why, in most cases, pronouns are used to replace previously mentioned objects, persons, signs.

As you can see from the example above, pronouns help break up the text by avoiding repeated repetitions of the same words. Thanks to them, sentences do not sound monotonous and primitive.

But let's dwell on the types of pronouns and study in more detail the features of each in order to avoid mistakes or confusion when communicating.

According to their structure, English pronouns are divided into 3 groups:

	Group	Difference	Example
1	Simplepronouns or Simple pronouns	Consist of one root	I- I he- He they- They	us- us same- same whose- whose
2	Compoundpronouns or Compound pronouns	Consist of two or more roots	somebody(some + body) = someone myself(my + self) = yourself / yourself nothing(no + thing) = nothing
3	Compositepronouns or Complex pronouns	Consist of several words	each other- each other one another- each other

Pronouns in English: types

The types of pronouns in English are a more varied list, consisting of 9 sub-items. Let's look at each in more detail:

Personal Pronouns or Personal Pronouns

Personal Pronouns or Personal Pronouns are one of the most widely used groups. This is the only type of pronoun in English that has a declension. Declension of pronouns in English is much simpler, since the number of cases is limited to only two:

Cases		Nominative	Objective case
Difference		Used instead of nouns	Used instead of a supplement
Declension
person and number
1 l., units	I- I		me- me / me / by me
1 l., plural	we- We		us[ʌs] – us / to us / by us
2 l., units	you- You		you- to you / by you
2 l., plural	you- You		you– you / to you / by you
3 l., units	he- He she[ʃi:] - she it- this is it		him– his/him/them her– her/her it- This
3 l., plural	they[ðei] - they		them[ðem] – their / them / by them

It is important to note that:

The pronoun I (I) in English is always written with a capital letter.
In English, people do not speak using “you” or “you”; in both cases, the pronoun you must be used, which makes it easier to start a conversation with a stranger.
The pronoun it in English, in turn, is used when referring to inanimate objects, animals and birds. However, very often pet owners talk about them using the pronouns he and she, so such a replacement would not be considered an error.

Examples of using:

I had no idea that she is so talented.	I had no idea that she so talented.
I want to warn you that she has a very complicated character.	I I want to warn you you, What she has very complex character.
He is really proud of them.	He really proud of them.
Could you translate me the exercises into English?	Could you You translate to me Are these exercises in English?
It is such a pleasure to be surrounded by all these intelligent people.	(This) It's such a pleasure to be surrounded by all these smart people.
Whatever happens they will always love you.	No matter what happens, They there will always be you be in love.
I love my puppy; he (it) is such a lovely boy.	I I love my puppy He such a wonderful boy.
It has an indirect relationship to the case.	This is indirectly related to the matter.

Possessive Pronouns or Possessive Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns or Possessive Pronouns are a type of English pronouns that show ownership and answer the question “whose?” There are 2 forms of possessive pronouns:

Attachable form	Absolute form
my- my	mine- my
your- is yours	yours- is yours
his- his	his- his
her- her	hers- her
its- his	its- his
your- yours	yours- yours
our- our	ours- our
their[ðeə(r)] - their	theirs[ðeəz] - them

This form of the possessive pronoun comes before the person/thing. It shows ownership and replaces articles. Sometimes these pronouns can be omitted when translated into Russian.	Replaces a noun that has already been discussed to minimize repetition.

Examples of using English pronouns of this type in tables:

Attachable form
Her life was full of ups and downs.	Her life was full of ups and downs.
Our relationship with Ann is not your business.	Our relationship with Ann is not yours case.
My goal in life is to make a contribution to the world prosperity.	My purpose in life is to contribute to the prosperity of the world.
I intend to keep my word.	I intend to hold back (yours) word.
All members of my family study English.	All members my families are learning English.
Absolute form
Don’t even look at her; this girl is mine.	Don't even look at her; this girl my.
It’s not my guilty but yours.	It's not my fault, but yours.
The idea was his, not ours.	The idea was his, but not our.

Reflexive Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns are pronouns that are equivalent to the Russian pronouns “sam” and “self” or the particle -sya in verbs.

myself	I cut myself while shaving. (I cut Xia while shaving.)
yourself	Can you tell us a little about yourself? (Can you tell me a little about to myself?)
himself	You shouldn't come because George will do everything himself. (You don't have to come because George will do everything myself.)
herself	She can't write a coursework herself. (She can't write her term paper on my own (by myself).)
itself	The plan itself was a failure. (Plan on my own was a failure.)
yourselves	My God, look at yourselves! (Oh my God, look onmyself!)
ourselves	We must take care of ourselves. (We have to themselves take care of yourself.)
themselves[ðəm’selvz]	They identify themselves as heroes. (They think myself heroes.)

This type of pronoun cannot be used with verbs that denote self-directed action. These include words such as: feel (feel), bath (take a shower), wash (wash), hide (hide).

Reciprocal Pronouns or Reciprocal Pronouns

Reciprocal Pronouns or Reciprocal Pronouns are one of the smallest groups, consisting of two compound pronouns that are used independently or after prepositions.

Interrogative Pronouns or Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative Pronouns or Interrogative Pronouns are pronouns with which special questions begin. These include:

what- what/what	What are you going to do next?
who- who will win	Who told you that nonsense? (Who told you this nonsense?)
which- which / which	Which of these cars do you like more? (Which of these cars do you like better?)
whom- whom / to whom	To whom do you wish to speak? (With whom Do you want to talk?)
whose- whose	Whose order it was? (Whose was this an order?)
how- How	How much does this dress cost? (How many is this dress worth it?)
why- Why	Why did you act like an idiot yesterday? (Why did you act like an idiot yesterday?)
when- When	When do you have time to do Spanish exercises with me? (When Do you have time to do Spanish exercises with me?)
where– where / where	Where do you usually spend time in the evening? (Where do you usually hang out in the evening?)

Note that the pronoun who does not require an auxiliary verb. It can also be used instead of the pronoun whose. The problem of choosing between the pronouns which and what in the meaning of “which” often arises. Which is used when the choice is limited, what when the choice is unlimited.

Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns or Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns

Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns or Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns are groups of pronouns whose use in English is necessary in a complex sentence, or rather in its subordinate part. Relative pronouns in English have words similar to interrogative pronouns in their list, but their translation and functions are different.

that[ðæt] - which (for animate and inanimate objects)	Do you know the girl that is standing over there? (You know the girl, which is it over there?)
which- which (for inanimate objects)	The costume that I saw in this store will suit you. (Costume, which I saw it in this store, it will suit you.)
who- which (for animate objects)	The boy who broke the window ran away. (Boy, which broke the window and ran away.)
whose- which (in the meaning of belonging)	Give me the details of the person whose number it is! (Give me details about the person, to whom this number belongs!)
whom- which	The doctor whom I know very well will help you. (Doctor, whom I know very well it will help you.)
what- what/what	That wasn't what he expected to see. (That's not what What he expected to see.) Sports exercises are what makes people healthy. (Sports exercises - here What makes people healthy.)

Demonstrative Pronouns or Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns or Demonstrative Pronouns are pronouns that in English indicate a person or thing, distinguishing them from the mass. In addition to the noun determiner, sentences also serve as subject and object.

Examples of using:

That game was fantastic!	(Ta) The game was fantastic!
This is that man I talked about.	This is the one the person I was talking about.
You deserve to be happy, don’t forget about this.	You deserve to be happy, don't forget about this.
Have you done these exercises?	You did these exercises?
Those were the most challenging days of my life.	This were the most difficult days of my life.
It is such an honor to be here with you today.	For me like this It's an honor to be here with you today.
He repeated me the same thing, trying to convince me not to do it.	He repeated same, trying to convince me not to do it.
I met him in the same place.	I met him at same place.
I will never forget those words she told me.	I will never forget (those) the words she said to me.
I fell down the stairs while she was looking at me; that was such an awkward situation.	I fell down the stairs while she was looking at me. It was like this awkward situation.

Quantitative pronouns or Quantitative pronouns

Quantitative pronouns or Quantitative pronouns are pronouns that are responsible for expressing the number or quantity of objects and persons.

much- a lot (with uncountable nouns)	There is no much information provided about his last years. (There is information about his last years of life few (A little) information.)
many- a lot (with countable nouns)	I don't have many friends. (I have few (A little) friends.)
little- few (with uncountable nouns)	Little has been found out about the organization. (About the organization few what is known.)
alittle- a little (with uncountable nouns)	We have a little water left. (We have left A little water.)
few- few (with countable nouns	There were few people in the cinema. (At the cinema it was few of people.)
afew- several (with countable nouns)	I have a few questions to ask. (I want to ask some questions.)
several- some	Several men appeared in front of me. (Appeared in front of me some Human.)

As you may have noticed, quantitative pronouns in English when translated into Russian turn into adverbs. In addition, although many quantitative pronouns are translated the same way, in English you need to be able to distinguish between them in order to correctly express yourself with certain pronouns in certain situations.

Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns or Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns or Indefinite pronouns and negative pronouns are the largest group of pronouns.

This group includes the pronouns some, any, no and every, as well as their derivatives, with the help of which you can make both a definite and a negative pronoun.

Basic pronouns	Derivatives
thing	one	body	where
some	something - something	someone - someone	somebody - someone	somewhere - somewhere
any	anything - anything	anyone - someone	anybody - someone	anywhere - somewhere
no	nothing - nothing	no one - no one	nobody - no one	nowhere - nowhere
every	everything - everything	everyone - everyone	everybody - everyone	everywhere - everywhere

Another pair of indefinite pronouns is other and another. Both words are translated as “other”, but there is no need to confuse the cases of their use. The pronoun other is used with certain nouns. It can also be used with plural nouns. While the pronoun another is used exclusively in the singular with indefinite nouns.

Let's look at some examples:

I have something to tell you.	I need you something say.
When I needed help, no one picked up the phone.	When I needed help nobody didn't pick up the phone.
Nobody deserves your tears.	Nobody doesn't deserve your tears.
Each of them should be aware of the great potential of this business.	Every of them should know about the great potential of this business.
His shadow follows her everywhere she goes.	His shadow haunts her wherever she didn't go.
Emily is a recluse, and she wants to see nobody.	Emily is a recluse and she no one doesn't want to see.
Did anyone see my English notebook?	Anyone Have you seen my English notebook?
Why should I choose one bag if I can buy both?	Why should I choose one bag when I can buy both?

Actually, that's all. These were all kinds of pronouns in English. Once you understand the structure and study all the categories of pronouns, you will not have any difficulties in using them in practice. If confusion arises, refer to the tables above, do the exercises, study these examples and come up with your own.

Studying any topic starts with its basics. The same goes for English pronouns. Yes, you can immediately throw yourself into the pool headlong, studying all the intricacies of this topic. However, if you do not know how this or that pronoun is translated or pronounced, immediately combining the word with other members and making sentences with them will be at least difficult, and at most impossible. Therefore, if you are just beginning your acquaintance with this topic, let's look at English pronouns with translation and pronunciation in order to avoid problems in their further development.

English pronoun types

To begin with, it is worth noting that pronouns in English are divided into 9 types:

Personal Pronouns or Personal Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns or Possessive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns or Reflexive Pronouns
Reciprocal Pronouns or Reciprocal Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns or Interrogative Pronouns
Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns or Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns or Demonstrative Pronouns
Quantitative pronouns or Quantitative pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns or Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns

Each type has a limited number of words that you need to remember to express your thoughts. These words, as a rule, consist of a small number of letters and do not contain sounds, the pronunciation of which can cause difficulties at the initial stage. Let's look at each type in more detail and study the pronouns of the English language with transcription and translation.

English pronouns with translation and pronunciation: meaning and transcription

The main place among English pronouns is occupied by Personal Pronouns. This is the only group in which English allows case declension. Table for clarity:

Person and number	Nominative	Objective case
1 l., units	I(ay) - I	me(mi) – me / to me / by me
1 l., plural	we(ui) - we	us[ʌs] (as) – us / to us / by us
2 l., units	you(yu) - you	you(yu) – to you / by you
2 l., plural	you(yu) - you	you(yu) – you / to you / by you
3 l., units	he(hee) - he she[ʃi:](shi) - she it(it) – this/it	him(him) – his / him / them her(hyo) – her/her it(it) is
3 l., plural	they[ðei] (zey) - they	them[ðem] (zem) – their / them / by them

The second most important is the Possessive Pronouns group or the group of possessive pronouns. It also has two forms: attached and absolute. They both answer the same question (“whose?”), but differ in that the first requires a noun after itself, and the second does not. Let's compare:

As you can see, these forms have something in common, but they are written and pronounced differently. Consider the complete list of possessive pronouns:

Attachable form	Absolute form
my (May) – mine	mine (mine) – mine
your (yo) – yours	yours (yors) - yours
his (his) - his	his (his) - his
her (hyo) - her	hers (hes) - her
its (its) - his	its (its) - his
your (yo) – yours	yours (yors) – yours
our (oue) – ours	ours (owers) – ours
their [ðeə(r)] (zea) – theirs	theirs [ðeəz] (zeirs) – theirs

Reflexive Pronouns or reflexive pronouns are a group of pronouns that are translated into Russian to mean “oneself” and “oneself” depending on the situation:

The second part of these pronouns may remind you of the famous word “selfie”, which actually comes from the word “self”. The first parts repeat the pronouns of the two above-mentioned groups.

Reciprocal Pronouns or reciprocal pronouns in English are the group that will probably take the least time to memorize. It consists of two words with the same meaning:

Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
each other	each other	[ˌiːtʃ ˈʌðə(r)]	ich aze
one another	[ˌwʌn əˈnʌðə(r)]	one enase

The group of Interrogative Pronouns or the group of interrogative pronouns is more extensive. These pronouns, as the name suggests, are used to form questions:

Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
what	what/which		wot
who	who will win		xy
which	which/which		wich
whom	whom/to whom		hum
whose	whose		khus
how	How		how
why	Why		wy
when	When		van
where	where/where		vea

Relative and Conjunctive Pronouns or relative and connecting pronouns are used in complex sentences. There are not many of them, but you need to know these words:

Some words in this group and the group of interrogative pronouns are similar, but their functions and meanings are different.

Demonstrative Pronouns or demonstrative pronouns in English are also often found in speech. Some of them have singular and plural forms:

	Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
units h.	this	this/this	[ðis]	zys
plural	these	these	[ði:z]	zyz
units h.	that	that/that	[ðæt]	zet
plural	those	those	[ðəʊz]	zous
only units h.	such	such		sach
only units h.	(the)same	same		Sejm

There are pronouns in English that denote quantity. They are called Quantitative pronouns or quantitative pronouns. These include:

Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
much	many (with uncountable nouns)		mach
many	a lot (with countable nouns)	[ˈmeni]	mani
little	little (with uncountable nouns)	[ˈlɪtl]	little
a little	a little (with uncountable nouns)	[ə ˈlɪtl]	uh little
few	little (with countable nouns		ugh
a few	several (with countable nouns)	[ə fjuː]	ugh
several	some	[ˈsevrəl]	saveral

The most extensive group can rightfully be considered Indefinite Pronouns and Negative Pronouns or indefinite and negative pronouns. Most of them are formed by a combination of pronouns, which independently also perform the functions of this group, and other parts of speech:

Pronouns	Other parts of speech
thing [θɪŋ]	one	body [ˈbɒdi]	where
some	something (Samsing) - something	someone (samuan) - someone	somebody (sambadi) - someone	somewhere (samvea) - somewhere
any [ˈeni]	anything (enising) - anything	anyone (eniuan) - someone	anybody (enibady) - someone	anywhere (enivea) - somewhere
no	nothing (nasing) - nothing	no one (but one) - no one	nobody (nobadi) - no one	nowhere (newa) - nowhere
every [ˈevri]	everything (eurising) – everything	everyone(euryuan) - everyone	everybody (eurybadi) - everyone	everywhere (evrivea) - everywhere

And also pronouns:

Pronoun	Translation	Transcription	Pronunciation
other	another	[ˈʌðə(r)]	aze
another	[əˈnʌðə(r)]	enase

These were all English pronouns with translation and pronunciation. I would like to pay special attention to pronunciation. The fact is that the sounds of the English language are different from the sounds of Russian, so it is actually quite difficult to convey how pronouns are pronounced in English.

The presented options are close to English pronunciation and were added to make them easier to understand at an initial level. With this pronunciation you will definitely be understood, but for a more correct sound, study the transcriptions in English. To remember the correct pronunciation, listening to audio of native speakers and imitating their speaking style are also great options.

« You and me“Could write a bad romance,” Lady Gaga once sang. Was she right?

In general, this is the eternal dilemma of the student: you and I or you and me. But remembering the rule that will help solve this issue is very simple. Today is just about this: about personal pronouns in English.

Along the way, we will have to talk about such terrifying (actually not) things as function in a sentence, cases, and even a little about gender. But believe me: I will explain everything in the simplest words.

Table of personal pronouns in English

Personal pronouns in English are: I, you, he/she/it, we, they, me, him, her, it, us, them.

They have singular and plural and two cases. When choosing a case, we usually get confused.

Cases of personal pronouns in English

The choice of case between nominative and objective depends on what function the pronoun performs in the sentence. Is the person performing the action itself or is the action being performed on him?

Them. P.:
She studies very well – She studies well (“she” performs the action herself).

Ob.P.:
Every day I see her at school - Every day I see her at school (I see who? Her. And I see, that is, I perform the action - I).

You just need to understand: the pronoun plays the role of subject (performs an action) or object.

Now let's talk about each case in more detail.

Nominative case of personal pronouns

The nominative case is used when the person himself performs the action, that is, he is the subject. According to the rules of word order in English, the subject comes at the very beginning of the sentence. This is where the nominative case is needed:

I grew up in Russia. – I grew up in Russia.

Let's go back to the "you and me" example. Let's take this sentence:

You and I are made for each other.

Since both pronouns are objects of action, the pronoun “I” must be used.

You and I were meant to be for each other.

It turns out that in the example from Lady Gaga’s song there was still an error, but the correct one would be:

You and I could write a bad romance.

There are even more song errors in the article.

Object case of personal pronouns in English

The objective case is used when an action is directed at a person, and it is an object:

He said it to you and to me. - He said this to you and me (he performs the action in relation to you and me).

The same thing happens with personal pronouns in Russian, only instead of one objective case we have five of them: genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. It turns out that everyone is Russian me, me, me, about me– are replaced by one English me.

There is one exception: the objective case can be used in short answers - me too, not me, it’s him.

Who did this? Not me! -Who did this? - Not me! (We use the objective case, although in meaning the person performs the action).

Notice that there are two pronouns that have the same form in both cases: it, you. To understand who is in front of us - the subject or the object - let's look at the place in the sentence:

You've been hiding (here you is the subject). – I'll be watching you(here you is an addition).

Gender category: personal pronouns in English with translation

Please note that personal pronouns in English interact differently with the category of gender (unlike the Russian language). Let's start with an example. Imagine telling a friend about your favorite car:

I washed my car today she it was very dirty.

Car is feminine, so we use the feminine pronoun. In English, almost all inanimate objects are denoted by a neuter pronoun:

Where is my coat? I'm looking for it all day.

She's a fantastic boat and I love her. She was my husband’s wedding present but she’s everything I wanted in a boat.

It’s the same story with pets: the owner will name his favorite cat he or she depending on gender, but an unfamiliar cat on the street - it.

Let's summarize: examples of personal pronouns in English

In English, personal pronouns can have two cases: nominative (I, you, he/she/it, we, they) and objective (me, you, him, her, it, us, them).
The choice of case depends on what function the person performs in the sentence. If the person is an agent (subject, subject), then we choose the nominative case. If the person is what the action is directed at (object, object), then we put the pronoun in the objective case.
When we talk about inanimate objects, with rare exceptions we use the pronoun it, but not she or he.

Exercises on personal pronouns in English

You see: everything is very simple. Now all that remains is to hone this rule in practice. We invite you to practice with live examples.

As you know, all parts of speech are divided into independent and auxiliary. As in Russian, pronouns in English belong to an independent part of speech, which denotes an object or is a sign of it, but does not directly name persons and objects. These words do not name relationships and properties, do not give spatial or temporal characteristics.

Pronouns (Pronouns) in English replace a noun, which is why they are called “in place of a name” - He, you, it. These words can also be used instead of an adjective - Such, that, these. As in Russian, so in English, there are a lot of such lexical units, but it is necessary to know them and use them correctly. Therefore, let’s move on directly to the study.

According to their meaning, Pronouns can be classified into several groups. I suggest you familiarize yourself with this classification and the characteristics of each group:

Personal are the most important and most common pronouns. In a sentence they act as the subject. And the word "I (I)" is always written in capital letters, regardless of whether it is at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. And the pronoun you (you, you) expresses both the plural and the singular.

It should also be remembered that lexemes he (he) and she (she) used if they want to designate an animate person, and it- to designate animals, abstract concepts and inanimate objects. A "they" used both in relation to inanimate objects and animate persons.

Personal pronouns in English are declined according to cases. When they act as the subject of a sentence, they are in the nominative case, and when they act as a complement, in the objective case. To make it clearer for you, please study the table

Face	Nominative		Objective case
	Singular
1	I	I	me	me, me
2	you	You	you	you, you
3	he	He	him	him, his
	she	she	her	her, her
	it	it, he, she	it	his, her, him, her
	Plural
1	we	We	us	us, us
2	you	You	you	you, you
3	they	They	them	them, them

Possessive pronouns

English possessive pronouns (Possessive) we discussed in detail in the previous article. But let me remind you that they express belonging, have two forms - adjective and noun, answer the question “Whose?” and do not change in numbers. There is also a special absolute form. Look at the table showing how Possessive Pronouns are inclined:

pronouns
form	personal	possessive	absolute
Unit number	I he she it	my his her its	mine is mine his hers its his/her
Plural number	we you they	our your their	ours ours yours theirs

Demonstrative pronouns in English

Demonstrative or demonstrative - point to a person or object. Demonstrative pronouns in English do not change by gender, but are declined by number, that is, they have singular and plural forms. Wherein " this" refers to an object that is located next to the speaker, and the word " that" indicates an object located at a considerable distance.

In addition, “that” can be translated into Russian as “this, this.” Demonstrative pronouns in English in a sentence can serve as subject, object, modifier or noun.

Reflexive pronouns in English

Reflexive or reflexive - express a reflexive meaning, show that the action is directed at the actor himself, therefore, reflexive pronouns in English in a sentence correspond in form to the subject.

Their distinguishing feature is that they end with “- self"singular or "- selves" in plural)". In Russian, this is the verbal suffix “-sya (-s)” or the pronoun “yourself (yourself, yourself, yourself)”: He cut himself - He cut himself

Singular		Plural
myself		ourselves
yourself		yourselves	yourself (yourself)
himself	yourself (himself)	themselves
herself
itself
oneself indefinite form

Indefinite pronouns in English

Indefinite is one of the largest groups of English pronouns. Nouns and adjectives can be substituted in sentences. Indefinite pronouns in English can be divided into words formed from “no” (no, not at all), “any” (any, several, a little) and “some” (several, a little).

no		any		some
nobody/nobody	nobody	anyone/anybody	somebody/anyone, whoever	someone/somebody	someone/anyone
nothing	nothing	anything	something/anything, anything	something	anything
nowhere	nowhere	anywhere	somewhere/anywhere, anywhere/somewhere	somewhere	somewhere
		anyhow	somehow/somehow, whatever	somehow	somehow/somehow
		any day/any time	whenever	some time/some day	some day

Other Indefinite Pronouns include: every, each, both, all, few, little, many, much.

Interrogative pronouns in English

Interrogatives are very similar to relatives, but perform completely different functions in a sentence where they are the subject, adjective or object: Who is there? - Who's there? Sometimes they can be a nominal part of the predicate. Interrogative pronouns in English are also called "question words":

who? - Who?
which? - which?
whom? - whom? to whom?
where? - Where?
what? - What?
whose? - whose?
when? - When?
why? - Why?

Other pronouns

We dwelled in more detail on the main and more numerous pronouns, but there are other groups of pronouns in English:

Universal: all, both, everyone, everybody, everything, every, either, each
Dividers: another, other
Negative: no, nobody, nothing, no one, neither, none
Relative: that, which, whose, who

Personal pronouns in English include the following pronouns:

I - I

You - you, you

He - he

She - she

It - it

We - we

They - they

Me - I, me

Him - he

Her - she

Us - we

Them - they

Personal pronouns denote persons or objects in terms of their relationship to the speaker. For example, I denotes the speaker himself, we- speaking together with another person or persons, and they- anyone other than the speaker and his interlocutor.

They can change by person, number, gender (only in the 3rd person) and case (nominative and objective).

Table of personal pronouns in English

Number	Face	Case
Number	Face	nominative	object
The only thing	1st	I (i)	me (me, me)
	2nd	you (you)	you (you, you)
	3rd	he / she / it (he, she, it)	him / her / it (his, her, him, her)
Plural	1st	we (we)	us (us, us)
	2nd	you (you)	you (you, to you)
	3rd	they (they)	them (them, them)

Nominative and objective cases of personal pronouns

Personal pronouns in the nominative case usually play the role of the subject in a sentence:

I am Peter.
I'm Peter.

and in the objective case - additions (object):

The objective case can also be used when there is nothing else in the sentence except the personal pronoun:

Who called me?
Who called me?

I did.
(Me)

I.

Order of personal pronouns in English

If several personal pronouns apply to one verb, then their order is usually as follows: third and second person before the first: He and I
both like sailing.

He and I both love sailing.

second person before third: You and she
You should make peace with her, you were such a wonderful couple.

Choice of case of personal pronouns

If there are several personal pronouns, it can sometimes be difficult to choose between options like “ If several personal pronouns apply to one verb, then their order is usually as follows: third and second person before the first:" And " He and me" To solve this problem, you need to understand whether pronouns are subject or object. In the example " He and I both like sailing» pronouns act as the subject, and therefore are used in the nominative case. If it were an object, the objective case would need to be used:

Our teacher had a question for Jane (her) and me to answer.
Our teacher wanted Jane and I to answer one question.

Sometimes in such a situation it is easier to drop the second pronoun: the sentence “ Our teacher had a question for I to answer" sounds obviously wrong.

Personal pronouns and gender of inanimate nouns

Notice how personal pronouns reflect gender. As a rule, pronouns he/she (him/her) refer to animate objects, but in fiction and poetry they can also be used in relation to some inanimate objects:

He: Sun, wind, fear, love.

She: Earth, Moon, ship, boat, car, hope, justice, modesty, peace.

In addition, the pronoun She may cover names of some countries:

I grew up in England. She will always remain in my memory.
I grew up in England. She will forever remain in my memory.

Exceptions are the names of countries with a common noun stem, for example, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the United States of America.