Google 3d map of Mars from satellite. Observations of the red planet

Map Dominican Republic from satellite. Explore the satellite map of the Dominican Republic online in real time. Detailed map of the Dominican Republic created based on satellite images high resolution. As close as possible, the satellite map of the Dominican Republic allows you to study in detail the streets, individual houses and attractions of the Dominican Republic. Map of the Dominican Republic from a satellite easily switches to regular card(scheme).

Dominican Republic is an island state occupying two-thirds of the island of Haiti. The Dominican Republic is deservedly called one of the best beach destinations. The first European to set foot on these incomparable beaches was Christopher Columbus. Back in 1492, he named this island Hispaniola. Later, reporting to the king about his journey, he noted the extraordinary beauty of the island, which cannot be described in words.

Capital of the Dominican Republic, the city of Santo Domingo, became the first city of the New World. And the state itself, populated by almost 8 million good-natured residents, has the most advanced tourism and hotel infrastructure among any other resorts in the Caribbean islands. Santo Domingo has absorbed an unprecedented number of attractions, exploring which will give you unprecedented pleasure.

Every year, the Dominican Republic hotel chain welcomes millions of travelers from all over the world. Looking at just the photographs from the resorts of the Dominican Republic, it becomes clear that there is such a big stir in relation to this tourist destination.

Prices for tours to the Dominican Republic are very reasonable and will not shock travelers. According to annual statistics, an increasing number Russian tourists decide to take a long flight (11 hours) to this truly heavenly place. According to reviews from vacationers, the quality of service at the resorts of the Dominican Republic is very high, and the prices for tours to the Dominican Republic are completely justified. At the same time, a huge part of hotels operate on an all-inclusive basis, providing tourists with additional services that make their vacation even more enjoyable.

If you are going to the Dominican Republic for the first time and want to get by with minimal costs, then feel free to choose the most economical vacation options with a minimum list of services. Even with this approach, you will be provided with an unforgettable vacation in full.

Seasonality. Being in a tropical-trade wind climatic zone, The Dominican Republic delights vacationers with eternal summer all year round. Therefore, the tourist season here lasts all year round. The air temperature is almost always constant. In the coolest time, directly from January to March, the air temperature stays at + 28-30 degrees Celsius, and in the hottest time (in August) the temperature reaches + 31 degrees Celsius.

During the periods from May to June, as well as from August to September, the Dominican Republic experiences rainy seasons, but they do not cause inconvenience to vacationers. Firstly, it usually rains on the country’s server, and secondly, it falls 1-2 times a day, most often at night. During the day during the rainy season, as a rule, there is clear sunny weather, for which most vacationers come here.

> 3D map of the surface of Mars from Google

Study detailed 3D map of the surface of Mars from Google: moving map, high-quality photos with dimensions, history of the planet, temperature, Olympus, pyramids, face.

Application " Maps of Mars in 3D"offers an exciting journey through surfaces"red planet", but first let's take a closer look at this amazing piece of our solar system.

Surface structure of Mars

Mars is a member of the terrestrial group of planets, ruled by Mercury, Venus and Earth. Unlike the other planets, which appear to us as gas giants, this group has a metallic core and a rocky surface.

This planet, like the quartet it is part of, consists of a liquid core, mantle and crust, but the thickness of the layers is different for each. Mercury's density is on average 5.4 g/cm³ (Earth's is slightly higher - 5.5 g/cm³), and it has a liquid core consisting mostly of iron and nickel. The core of Venus has a similar composition, but with a slightly lower density of 5.2 g/cm³.

The average thickness of the crust of Mars is 30 km on land, and 5 km from the bottom surface on the sea. The planet's core consists of two parts: the outer one, which begins at a depth of 5100 km and consists of a molten iron + nickel alloy; and internal - having a similar chemical composition, but with a more solid structure. Surface density - 5.520 g/cm³. The Red Planet is half the size of Earth.

Dimensions of the planet Mars

The radius of Mars is 3.389 km, and its circumference is 21.3 thousand km. The volume is 1.63¹¹ km³, the mass is at around 6.41²⁴ kg. When compared to Earth, the Martian planet's diameter is 53% of Earth's and its surface area is 38%. A 3D map of the surface of Mars confirms that total area of this planet is equal to the sum of the area of ​​all the earth's continents. Its mass is only 11% of that of the earth, and its volume is 15% compared to our earthly home. Mars is smaller than its relative Mercury, but it unique world attracts with its mystery, and magnifying 3D maps of Mars allow you to examine it in detail.

Surface of Mars

Although Mars cannot boast of its size, the largest mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons (21.2 km), located on its surface, retains the splendor of the dignity of the planet.

Surface of Mars completely cratered, and the deepest is the Mariner Valley. Using the program, you can examine in detail all the planet’s basins and volcanoes, which are considered the largest in the solar system.

NASA interactive maps will tell you about the most prestigious region of Mars - Cydonia, where the most mysterious formations are concentrated: “Face on Mars” and “Sphinx”. Thanks to high-resolution photographs taken by orbiting reconnaissance missions, you will be able to get much closer to Mars. The surface formation "Sphinx" resembles a pyramid built by an extraterrestrial civilization. Although, in essence, this and other mysteries of the red planet are nothing more than a miracle of relief.

Surface temperature of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor

The daily surface temperature of the planet Mars ranges from -65° C to -120° C. The thermal emission spectrometer on board the Mars Global Surveyor probe has transmitted a detailed temperature map of Mars.

Night surface temperature describes the t scale, where white indicates the highest warm places on the planet, and cold areas are colored red, yellow and green colors, and the coldest one is shown in blue.

The data was taken as the vehicle passed over the night side of Mars. The map shows that it is winter in the southern part of Mars, while it is summer in the northern part of the Martian planet.

"Sphinx", "Face on Mars" and "Pyramids"

"Face" on Mars

Numerous mountains and pyramids located on the surface of Mars have smooth symmetry. The photographs taken in the 70s by the Viking spacecraft looked like a face, so many speculated about the existence of an extraterrestrial civilization. But, as it turned out later, the culprit was photos taken in poor quality.

One of the images had perfect symmetry, similar to a face, which became fodder for debate among many scientists. However, all the intrigue ended when photographs were received in higher quality.

The “face on Mars” turned out to be nothing more than a hill, similar outlines of which can be observed on Earth. Such formations are often created under the influence of ice or constant wind, a shining example This is served by: Mount Assiniboine in Canada, Thielsen in the USA and Matterhorn in Switzerland.

History of Mars

Mars was once warm and wet, but is now a dry and cold planet. NASA rovers are transmitting data that the climate on ancient planet was warm enough and the surface held water. This conclusion is confirmed by the chemicals detected by the probe. substances that can only be created in the presence of moisture. Scientists also suggest that some reliefs could not have been created without the participation of the abyss of water.

It is interesting to look at the supposed map of Mars in the past, to look back several billion years. Kevin Gill, the astronomer who created visualizations of the real Mars in the past, used a laser range meter located on spaceship Mars Global Surveyor.

The oceans and seas recreated on Mars were created taking into account the flooding of deep valleys, so they only “predict” the water structure of the planet.

The displayed clouds are also free-form. The information for their “reconstruction” was taken from the NASA Blue Marble project. A more accurate name for this water card would be Mars after many years of asteroid formation and reception.

Gas - methane

For many, Mars is cold world, having a red surface color, but when methane was found on its surface, the opinion of many changed.

Why is methane present in the Martian atmosphere? There can only be two explanations for this: biological and geological. Quite a lot of people want to believe in the first reason, but the probability of life arising on Mars is negligible. The second is volcanism. Satellite maps show that there are not many volcanic clusters on the planet. The largest is the Tharsis plateau, which gave birth to four volcanoes, one of which is Olympus.

If you look closer at the Tharsis plateau, on the right you can see the “Labyrinth of the Night” and three mountains in the very center: Arsia, Pavlina, Askrian. The “3D maps of Mars” program allows you to get closer to these mountains and travel near their foothills, just by clicking once on the mouse button.

Methane gas tends to quickly break down when exposed to sunlight and wind, so it is logical to conclude that the sources of methane emissions must be constantly active. The created map of Mars does not allow us to accurately convey the location of all methane sources, but this problem will be solved by the Mangalyaan probe launched to the surface, the purpose of which is to collect accurate data.

Methane is under close study by astrobiologists, since it is common knowledge that most of this gas on Earth is produced by microscopic organisms. And besides, the red color of the planet is partly due to the release of methane.

Geological data of the surface of Mars

The absence of tectonic plates would allow volcanoes to erupt for hundreds or millions of years. The map of Mars reports a large number of constant eruptions, which contain a large percentage of iron. The "iron" surface was gradually oxidized by the Martian atmosphere, so this is a suitable explanation for why the planet's surface is covered with a red film.

The Red Planet's Past

Researchers believe that Mars used to be much larger, but the powerful impact that left the North Polar Basin suggests that the planet lost some of its mass. Upon closer examination of the surface, this conclusion seems justified.

It is worth noting that the research carried out by the Hubble shuttle does not fully represent the mysterious world of Mars. But an interactive 3D map will allow for a more in-depth study. Thousands of photographs taken by space probes were taken into account when creating this map. A detailed map of the surface of Mars was made possible by studies of the Mars Odyssey, Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter probes. These space probes allowed us to see all the beauty of the surface and structure of the planet. An interactive 3D map from Google will captivate you with the landscapes of Mars without leaving your home. This is a fairly simple and intuitive application that allows you to zoom in and see corners of the red planet that were previously inaccessible to the human eye. Carata is available online, so its research and study is available to everyone: both amateurs and scientists located anywhere in the world.

Hypsometric map of the surface of Mars

The map was created based on studies of the laser altimeter, the Mars Global Surveyor space probe. Here, peaks up to 10 km high are marked in red, and all higher mountains are indicated in pink and white-pink. The colors indicating the depressions are green and blue. Examining this map, you will notice that the northern part of the planet is slightly lower in height than the southern part. From the words of scientists, it becomes clear that the northern part was filled with water in the past, and these words are confirmed by the gravitational map of the red planet.

Images transmitted from the unmanned Mars Global Surveyor research station also made it possible to see the outline closer. coastline. This detailed map allows you to see the Hellas basin, as well as four inactive volcanoes located on the Tharsis plateau. These pictures are quite detailed, but the best thing to see here is the Valles Marineris - it is a tectonic fault, the total length of which is 5 thousand km. It is worth emphasizing with particular pride that this map was created by our fellow countrymen, who took as a basis the data obtained from American space probes. Special efforts were made by Zh. F. Rodinova.

Topographic designations of the surface of Mars

The modern map, compiled by the efforts of the latest spacecraft, contains new names for landforms, along with old geographical and mythological names. This one new map Mars allows us to see that the largest elevation is Tharsis, and the ring depression in the south is Hellas. Many valleys are named after planets, different languages peoples of the Earth. For example, the Valley of Hrath - which means “Mars” in Armenian, as well as the Valley of Maadim - in Hebrew.

However, there is one exception in the names - this is Valles Marineris, which is named after the Mariner 9 spacecraft, which photographed this surface in detail. Small valleys were named after the rivers of the Earth. Arsia is a classic albedo formation. Pearl Bay is the name of the Hindustan Peninsula, where pearls were searched for in ancient times.

Craters on the surface of the Red Planet

Any detailed map of Mars shows that the craters of this planet are different from the craters located on the Moon and Mercury. Even small craters indicate the presence of erosion on their surface caused by water and wind.

The Moon and Mercury do not have liquid or atmosphere, but Mars had all this millions of years ago. The largest craters: Huygens - 470 km, with a depth of 4 km; Schiaparelli - 465 km in size, with a depth of 2 km; Cassini - with a diameter of 411 km. A satellite map of Mars from 2014 shows that in places where ice breaks up from the surface, radial ejections of soil are observed. What is typical is that such soil emissions are found in craters located in the north of the planet.

Cards

Large Red Planet Map - provides a good physical map of Mars. This map was compiled by the staff of the popular science magazine National Geographic, whose authority is recognized throughout the world, so these works are of particular interest, for people not thinking life without knowledge of space.

Advice. To view the map created by National Geographic in high resolution, download it to your computer. This operation is quite simple to perform: after the map is fully opened in the browser, click on the left mouse button and select “save as” and specify a convenient folder for saving.

Curiosity rover

The translation of the name of the comic rover, Curiosity, literally means “opportunity.” The device is equipped with all the tools for collecting geochemical, geological and other information. It also has a nuclear radioisotope thermogenerator, so the Curiosity rover is capable of collecting and transmitting a lot of photographs, which are then stitched together and studied by scientists. Thanks to images from this equipment, we have the opportunity to take a closer look at Hale Crater, located in a very interesting area of ​​the planet. Curiosity images essentially deliver amazing and most mysterious photographs that we can look at with pleasure, everyone at home.

Even the most recent spacecraft launched by NASA's exploration agency cannot provide perfect detail of the surface of Mars. The map of the red planet is constantly updated, and new/more powerful spacecraft are launched into orbit. Interesting: The MRO probe - used by NASA has a 30 cm telescope capable of taking images with a resolution of 30 cm per pixel, despite the fact that the images are taken from an altitude of 250 km above the surface of Mars.

A detailed map of Mars was created when active participation spacecraft MRO, Mars Odyssey, and the Mars Express probe from the European Space Agency.

By by and large A map of Mars is a composite of numerous images from different spacecraft, so even a standard size wall map will be quite accurate. At the same time, using computer technology, You, sitting at home, can view online the entire surface of Mars, without making much effort in managing the program.

Thanks to the efforts of the giant company Google, it was possible to combine all the data to create an interactive 3D program. It is worth mentioning that the MRO probe took on the largest part research work. This map is the fruit of a joint collaboration between Google and NASA. A regular browser allows you to open a map of Mars online, for example Google Chrome or Ethernet Explorer, so an overview of the surface of the red planet is available to anyone today. In order to view maps of Mars online, you just need to go to the global network and find the appropriate service. The maps will be especially interesting to people interested in astronomy, but a detailed examination of the maps and surprisingly interesting places will attract even amateur beginners. It is worth noting that humanity has never seen such a detailed study of Mars, so viewing and studying the red planet, using interactive 3D maps from Google, will allow a person of the twenty-first century to have the most advanced information.

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The red planet Mars, next after Earth and fourth from the Sun, is perhaps the most mysterious of all the objects in the Solar System. It is easy to distinguish in the night sky by its characteristic reddish tint.

Mars makes one full revolution around the Sun approximately 687 days. And this is not surprising, because they are separated by 230 million kilometers! Days on Mars are only slightly different from those on Earth. There they are 24 hours 39 minutes 35 seconds.
A manned project on the red planet is still in the future, but already in our time modern rovers have explored every centimeter of its surface, thanks to which there is already a map of Mars - Google Mars.

Another gadget that allows you to view the surface of the planet Mars in high resolution is presented in the window below. Unlike the version presented above, in this interactive window you can very well view the planet from all sides. The best browsers to use are Google Chrome, Firefox and Internet Explorer.

Google Planet Mars (use your mouse to rotate and zoom in on the planet)

Google gives us the opportunity to see a 3D view of the surface of the red planet.

There is no reliable information about life on Mars yet, but there are some sensational facts. Mars has two "Moons" of its own. These are Phobos and Deimos. Our ancestors believed in the negativity that this planet carries, which is why they named it after the god of war, and its satellites - Fear and Terror. This is how the words Phobos and Deimos are translated. Both of these satellites have irregular shape, which is an exception for the Solar System.

Have you ever asked yourself the question: " Why is Mars red?? ". This shade is given to it by iron oxide (i.e. ordinary “rust”) contained in the Martian soil. The highest mountain in the Solar System, Olympus Mons, is located on Mars. Its height is three times greater than Everest. But all these facts are overshadowed by one thing - there is water on Mars! True, it is there in the form of ice. Scientists have proven that it once flowed freely there in the form of rivers, etc.

The largest canyon in the Solar System is also located on Mars. This is the Valles Marineris. The most important reason for the lack of life on Mars is that it has no magnetic field, and therefore no protection from solar radiation and asteroids.

Two thirds of all attempts to explore Mars have failed. This big problem scientists, because in order to send rovers and orbitals to the planet, you need to spend huge amounts of money. 1 kilogram of material launched there costs approximately 309 thousand dollars! This is a big problem that hinders the exploration of the red planet. Therefore, Mars still remains for us one of the most mysterious objects in the Solar System.

Mars- the fourth most distant planet from the Sun and the seventh largest planet in the solar system; The mass of the planet is 10.7% of the mass of the Earth. Named after Mars, the ancient Roman god of war. Mars is sometimes called the “red planet” because of the reddish tint of its surface given by iron oxide.

Mars is a terrestrial planet with a rarefied atmosphere (the pressure at the surface is 160 times less than that of Earth). Features surface relief Mars has impact craters like those on the Moon, as well as volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps like those on Earth.

Mars has two natural satellite- Phobos and Deimos (translated from ancient Greek - “ fear" And " horror", the names of the two sons of Ares who accompanied him in battle), which are relatively small (Phobos - 26.8 × 22.4 × 18.4 km, Deimos - 15 × 12.2 × 10.4 km) and have an irregular shape.

Mars map

Structure

It, like others in this group, has the same structure: core, mantle and crust, although each layer differs in thickness, depending on the planet. Mercury has an average density of 5.43 g/cm3. Earth is the only planet denser than Mercury. Mercury most likely has a liquid core composed primarily of an iron-nickel alloy. Venus has a crust that extends 10-30 km below the surface. After this, the mantle reaches a depth of about 3000 km. The planetary core is liquid and consists of an iron-nickel alloy. Average density 5.240 g/cm3.

Elevation map with marks where the vehicles descended

The earth's crust is on average 30 km thick on land and 5 km on the seabed. The mantle extends to a depth of 2900 km.

The core begins at a depth of about 5,100 km and consists of two separate parts: the outer core is a liquid iron-nickel alloy, and the inner core is a solid iron-nickel alloy. The average density of the planet is 5.520 g/cm3. Mars is about half the diameter of Earth. The depth of the crust and mantle is not known for sure; the average density is 3.930 g/cm3.

Size

Firstly, even the online satellite map of Mars does not show how small the radius of the red planet is, which is 3.389 km. Its circumference is 21,344 km. Further, its volume is 1.63 × 10 * 11 km3. And the mass, which is equal to 6.4169 × 10 * 23 kg.

By comparison, it has only 53% of the diameter and about 38% of the surface area of ​​the Earth. This is approximately equal to the area of ​​all the continents of the Earth, and a 3D satellite map of Mars clearly confirms this. Its volume is equal to 15% of the volume of the Earth, and its mass is 11% of the mass of the Earth. As you can see, Mars is small world, only Mercury is smaller, but despite this, a magnified map of Mars allows us to examine its surface in detail.

Surface Features

Olympus mount on Mars

Despite its small size, it has many interesting features. A 3D satellite map of Mars allows you to enjoy the majestic spectacle of Mount Olympus, which is the most high mountain in the Solar System with an altitude of 21.2 km from the base.

Before us is a map of Mars, Valles Marineris is the deepest valley. Mars is home to hundreds of thousands of craters that are clearly visible on the surface and a large relief map of Mars confirms this. The 3D map of Mars allows you to view in detail the North Polar Basin and the Hellas Basin - the largest in the Solar System.

Region Cydonia

Color image of the Sidonia region

There are hundreds of volcanoes on the surface of Mars. NASA's map of Mars reveals some of them that are considered the most high mountains in the Solar System, viewed in high detail.

The interactive map of Mars can tell you a lot of interesting things. Cydonia is perhaps the most “popular” region of the planet. The most mysterious surface formations, such as the pyramids, the “face on Mars” and the sphinx, are concentrated in this place. The map of Mars shows the pyramids in detail, and you can see them in detail thanks to numerous photographs of orbital scouts. The map of Mars contains many interesting features of the surface; the sphinx is one of the symbols of the “aliens” or race that existed many years ago on the planet. But researching the application map of Mars from a satellite, the pyramids, like other mysteries, appear before us only unusual features relief of the red planet, but not as evidence of extinct races.

Pyramids, Sphinxes and Face

Some of the images of the surface of Mars taken in the 70s by the Viking orbiter showed that these formations resemble a face. Fans of extraterrestrial life immediately saw this as a structure built by thinking life forms, but it was not all to blame accurate map Mars, Viking made it in very low quality.

In one of the photographs, the pyramid had almost perfect symmetry. Since the pyramids were located next to the “Face on Mars,” they gave rise to a huge amount of speculation about their origin. These fascinating theories were dispelled much later when higher resolution photographs were obtained.

The famous "Face on Mars" in high quality

A detailed map of Mars, satellite photos and other studies have shown that the “Face on Mars” is a hill with a peculiar outline. Similar geological formations can be found on Earth. They are usually formed by ice or weathering. There are good examples of such formations on Earth, for example: the Matterhorn in Switzerland, Mount Thielsen in the USA, and the Canadian Mount Assiniboine.

The planet's past

This is most likely what the planet looked like in the past

Mars is currently dry and cold, but it has been determined that it was once wet and warm world. Some instruments on the Mars Express probe have returned data that suggests ancient Mars was warm enough to support liquid water on the surface. Probe instruments discovered chemicals, formed only in the presence of liquid water. In addition, there are features on the surface that scientists believe were formed as a result of water erosion.

Visualizing Mars' distant past

A map of Mars in the past clearly shows what the planet might have looked like billions of years ago. An animation by amateur astronomer Kevin Gill showing us a virtually living Mars that could have existed in its heyday. So full map Mars, was created using data from a laser rangefinder installed on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and satellite images from NASA's Blue Marble Next Generation project.

Volcano Olympus

This map of Mars with its oceans is not entirely accurate, the sea levels were not set scientifically, but with the expectation that the liquid would flood most of the Valles Marineris, and also form a coastline in the northern part of the planet, on the approaches to Mount Olympus.

Flooded Valles Marineris

The clouds are taken directly from the same Blue Marble project and are rendered rather arbitrarily, but still look good. This map of Mars with water deserves another name, such as a map of Mars after colonization or a map of Mars after terraforming, but not a fictional depiction of the planet's distant past.

One day from past life planets

Methane in the atmosphere

Many people think that Mars is a dead world covered with a thin layer of iron oxide. People who thought it was a dead world were shocked when researchers found evidence of methane in the Martian atmosphere.

There are two reasons for the presence of methane in the planet's atmosphere: biological or geological. The possibility of life on the planet, an intriguing but almost impossible reason. What remains is the geological process, i.e. volcanism. A satellite map of Mars indicates that there are not many volcanic regions, the largest being the Tharsis Plateau, on which the four largest volcanoes are located, including Olympus mons.

Tharsis Region, computer model. On the right you can see the Labyrinth of the Night, three volcanoes in the center - Mount Askrian, Mount Pavlina and Mount Arsia

By the way, a map of Mars from a satellite in real time allows you to make a virtual trip to this mountain in one click.

Methane is rapidly destroyed in the atmosphere by radiation from the Sun and solar wind, so the source that provides the methane must be constantly active. Methane is the main component natural gas on Earth. With very low accuracy, the map of Mars allows you to see the content of methane in the atmosphere and its presence, therefore, for a more complete study of this gas, the Indian probe “Mangalyaan” is rushing to the planet.

Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission)

Methane is of interest to astrobiologists because organisms produce most of Earth's methane when they digest nutrients. If microscopic organisms exist, then they must be deep under the planet's crust. Purely geological processes, such as iron oxidation (remember, the planet is covered in iron oxide), also releases methane.

Geology

Visual map with symbols

Without plate tectonics, the planet's volcanoes would erupt over millions of years. A detailed map of Mars reveals these massive eruptions, which explain why the entire surface is covered in iron-rich basalt. The iron in the basalt rocks interacted with the Martian atmosphere and oxidized. Iron oxide explains why the entire surface of Mars is covered in reddish dust.

Past disasters

Scientists believe that he was much larger planet at the beginning of the history of the solar system. The impact that created the North Polar Basin was powerful enough to knock part of the planet into space, so the planet may have lost some mass as a result of the impact. A high-resolution map of Mars will help you see the consequences of this cataclysm.

Map North Pole planets

Even the Hubble Space Telescope cannot show us all the details of the mysterious world of the red planet. However, a 3D map of Mars from Google will help you explore the planet in detail. This interactive map of Mars in Russian was created from more than several thousand images taken by artificial probes. Based on data received from the Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express of the European Space Agency, a satellite map of Mars was compiled, from the Mars Odyssey satellite, the information received was the most current.

Mars Odyssey

These spacecraft show us new details of the surface and its structure. A convenient map of Mars with names will help you unravel the secrets of the red planet without leaving your home. The controls are intuitive. By zooming in, you can view the surface in more detail. This detailed map Mars Online is one of the most interactive tools that helps not only amateurs, but also educational organizations to more clearly teach about the red planet.

Hypsometric map

Hypsometric maps of both hemispheres of the surface

This detailed hypsometric map of Mars is based on data and measurements from a laser altimeter mounted on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. Heights (up to 10 km) were marked on it in red, and maximum heights(more than 10 km) are painted pink and white-pink. For negative heights, green and blue colors were used. This photo relief map of Mars clearly shows the phenomenon of dichotomy in the structure of the planet’s surface, which consists in the fact that its northern part, on average, is slightly lower in height than the southern part. Scientists believe that many billions of years ago the northern part of the planet, namely its lowlands, was filled with liquid and a detailed gravitational map of Mars confirms this.

Also transmitted data from Mars Global Surveyor showed in detail the shape of the coastline. The most complete map of Mars clearly shows us the Hellas basin, as well as the Tharsis plateau with four giant extinct volcanoes. This map of Mars, Olympus shows near the edge of Tharsis, and the rest of the Askrian mountains are the top of the three, below are Pavolina and Arsia. The map of Mars shows the valleys well, but the best visible is the Valles Marineris - a tectonic fault with a length of about 5000 km. It should be noted that this large map of Mars was compiled by our compatriots based on data from American interplanetary probes. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, State Astronomical Institute named after P.K. Sternberg, J.F. Rodionova, the map of Mars is her direct brainchild.

Topographical designations

High quality, modern map Mars, along with new names that were assigned to landforms, according to space images, uses old mythological and geographical names, which were proposed by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. NASA's accurate map of Mars shows that the largest elevation on the planet is called Tharsis, and a large ring depression, a depression in the south, with a diameter of more than 2000 km is called Hellas (as Greece was called in ancient times). A modern map of Mars, a photo of the surface shows it to be heavily cratered, and various parts of the surface are referred to as: Noah's Land, Prometheus' Land, etc. The valleys are given the names of the planet in various languages ​​of the peoples of the Earth. If we take the Valley of Hrath, it means “Mars” in Armenian, and the Valley of Maadim means “Mars” in Hebrew. There is also a detailed map of Mars, the labyrinth of the night in which is presented with the most recent detailed images.

Mosaic image of the Night Labyrinth (Noctis Labyrinthus), imaged by Mars Express

But as with all rules, there are exceptions: the large Valles Marineris, which was named after the successful photographing of the entire surface by the Mariner 9 spacecraft. Smaller valleys, according to their length, are called after the rivers of our planet. For example, Arsia is the name of a classic albedo formation. Aeria – “a distant country beyond the fogs” translated from Greek. Pearl Bay is named after the Hindustan Peninsula, where pearls were mined in ancient times.

Craters

By the way, any fairly clear high-resolution map of Mars shows us that Martian craters are different from the same craters on the Moon or Mercury. The most accurate map of Mars tells us that these craters are shallower and have traces of water and wind erosion.

Holden Crater, ESA image

Unlike the Moon and Mercury, where there is neither liquid (liquid was present on the red planet millions of years ago) nor an atmosphere. The largest of the craters are Huygens (its size is about 470 km, and its depth is about 4 km), Schiaparelli (size 465 km, depth 2 km) and Cassini (size 411 km.) A 2014 satellite map of Mars indicates that some are very young Martian craters have radial ejections of soil in places where subsurface ice has broken out. It is worth noting that such splashes of soil are often found near craters that are located in the northern regions of the planet.

Selection of cards

Geographic map

Finally, we present to your attention a small selection. The large map of Mars undoubtedly deserves the main attention, as physical map Mars she is undoubtedly good. This high-resolution map of Mars from National Geographic is compiled by a reputable science magazine that is popular in many countries around the world, making the National Geographic Mars map a great find for anyone interested in astronomy.

And don’t forget, in order for the National Geographic creation, the map of Mars, to appear in front of you in its maximum size, you need to save it to your computer. This is quite easy to do - left-click on the image, and when it opens in full screen mode, right-click on the image and select the “save as” menu item and save it to a convenient location for viewing.

Amateur astronomers in action

Map by Daniela Machacek

This panoramic map of Mars was compiled by Czech enthusiast Daniel Machacek. He posted this wonderful result of his work on his blog. The map of Mars shows all current objects (as of 2013), and also shows the topography of heights. This map of Mars is quite rich in symbols - Daniel spent quite a lot of time on detailed compilation not contradicting such a “monster” as the NASA map of Mars.

Mars rover Curiosity

Topography of Gale Crater - landing site of the Curiosity rover, according to the Mars Express satellite
Panorama of Mount Sharp taken by Curiosity on Sol 170 (Martian day)

Spacecraft operating in planetary orbit

Even the newest map of Mars, based on images from the MRO probe - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, NASA's multifunctional automatic interplanetary station, is not able to convey all the nuances of the surface with such detail. A complete study of Mars, a map of Mars and its detailed characteristics are being refined all the time, and with the introduction of new spacecraft into the orbit of the planet, the data is becoming more and more detailed. For comparison, the main camera (HiRISE) of the MRO probe is a 30-cm telescope that provides image resolution of about 30 centimeters per pixel, from an altitude of 250 km above the surface.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

A satellite map of Mars, accurate and detailed thanks to many years of work not only by probes such as MRO and Mars Odyssey, but also by the European Space Agency's Mars Express probe.

Mars Express

A map of Mars from space is actually a stitching together of data from all spacecraft, which makes it possible to achieve that even a wall map of Mars large size will look very detailed and accurate. And using modern technologies, a map of Mars is available even from home; viewing online allows you to view the entire surface of the planet without much effort.

The openness of the data allowed Google to compile a wealth of data into a modern map of Mars, in which the MRO satellite played a key role. This joint program of Google and NASA, the map of Mars, allows you to view using a regular browser, such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. So today it is possible to view a map of Mars for free without making any special search efforts.

Mars Global Surveyor

Daytime surface temperature

The surface temperature of the planet ranges from -65 to -120 degrees Celsius. The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft captured this detailed temperature map as it passed over the red planet's night side for 500 orbits.

Night surface temperature

This temperature map of Mars shows the following temperature scale - white is the warmest areas of the planet, and the colder areas are correspondingly colored red, yellow and green, and the coldest are blue. On this map, it is summer in the northern hemisphere, while in the southern hemisphere it is the cold Martian winter. Near the planet's equator, slight variations in nighttime temperatures are associated with features of the surface material. The cold blue regions of the planet are covered with fine dust particles, while the warm regions are covered with sand and rocks.

To observe the Earth's surface for free and view satellite images online, you can use several applications. In Russia, two of them are most popular: Google Maps and Yandex Maps. Both services boast good quality high-resolution satellite images from most countries.

Yandex maps is an online application from Russian developers, so Russian cities are more accurately detailed in it. It has built-in functionality for viewing traffic load data (large settlements), demographic and geodata. In Google Maps no less high quality pictures from a satellite of the territory of the Russian Federation, but data on land plots and traffic are available only for the United States.

View a map of Planet Earth from satellite online

Below you can see the Google map built into the site. For more stable operation of the plugin, we recommend using Google browser Chrome. If you see an error message, please update the specified plugin and then reload the page.

Watch Google Earth from satellite, in real time online:

Another advantage of Google Maps is the presence of a client application for working with satellite images. This means that the service can be accessed not only through a browser, but also through a pre-downloaded program. It has many more opportunities for viewing and studying satellite images and working with a three-dimensional virtual globe.

A 3D satellite map from Google (a downloadable application, not an online version) allows you to:

• use a quick search for the desired objects by name or coordinates;
• take screenshots and record high quality videos;
• work offline (preliminary synchronization via the Internet is required);
• use a flight simulator for more convenient movement between objects;
• save “favorite places” to quickly move between them;
• view not only the Earth's surface, but also images of other celestial bodies(Mars, Moon, etc.).

Work with satellite Google maps You can do it through a client application or browser. A plugin is available on the official page of the program that allows you to use an interactive map on any web resource. It is enough to embed its address in the site’s program code. For display, you can select either the entire surface or a specific area (you will have to enter the coordinates). Management - using computer mouse and keyboard (ctrl+mouse wheel to zoom, cursor to move) or using the icons indicated on the map (“plus” - zoom in, “minus” - zoom out, move with the cursor).

The Google Earth service in real time allows you to work with several types of maps, each of which reflects certain data on satellite images. It’s convenient to switch between them “without losing progress” (the program remembers where you “were”). Available viewing modes:

• landscape map from satellite (geographical objects, features Earth's surface);
• physical map (detailed satellite images of the surface, cities, streets, their names);
• schematic geographical map for more precise study surface images.

The satellite image is automatically loaded at the point of approach, so a stable Internet connection is required for operation. For Google work Planet Earth in offline mode you need to download the application for Windows or another operating system. Its operation also requires the Internet, but only for the first launch, after which the program synchronizes all the necessary data (satellite images of the surface, 3D models of buildings, names of geographical and other objects) after which it will be possible to work with the received data without direct access to the Internet.