Troy on a modern map. Ancient Troy or the legendary Ilion Türkiye photo history how to get where the city of Troy is located

The Trojan Horse is a symbol of Troy (located at the entrance to the Troy National Historical Park)

Myths say that the goddess of discord Eris was not invited to the wedding of the nymph Thetis with Peleus. After which she decided to take revenge, showed up at the feast uninvited and threw it on the table golden apple, on which it was written: “To the most beautiful.”

Three goddesses - Aphrodite, Hera and Athena - immediately started a dispute about who should get it, and they invited the Trojan prince Paris to play the role of judge.

Hera promised to make him the ruler of all Asia, Athena promised beauty, wisdom and victories in all battles, and Aphrodite promised love herself. beautiful woman- Helen, wife of the Spartan king Menelaus.

Paris gave the apple to Aphrodite. And then he kidnapped Helen and took her to Troy.

After the abduction of Helen, the Greek kings, allies of Menelaus, at his call, gathered an army of 10 thousand soldiers and a fleet of 1178 ships and marched on Troy. The commander-in-chief was King Agamemnon of Mycenae.

The siege of Troy, which had many allies, lasted ten years. Died in battles greek hero Achilles, Trojan prince Hector and many others. Finally, the cunning king of Ithaca, Odysseus, proposed a plan to capture the city.

The Greeks built a hollow wooden horse and, leaving it on the shore, pretended to set sail. The Trojans rejoiced and dragged the horse in which the Greek soldiers were hiding into the city. At night, the Greeks got out and opened the gates to their comrades, who were actually behind the nearest cape.

Troy was destroyed and burned. Menelaus returned Helen and took her home. This happened at the beginning of the 12th century. BC e.

Troy - history revealed by myth

Already in ancient times, among the peoples of Hellas, tales were known about the Trojan War, its heroes and the gods who helped them - the cunning Odysseus, the brave Achilles, the brave Hector, the powerful Poseidon, the beautiful Aphrodite and others.

Troy- this is a city-museum under open air and one of the most famous historical ones. Historians generally believe that the Greek poet Homer describes it in his famous works “Odyssey” and “Iliad”.

Troy was located in the north of the Asia Minor peninsula, not far from the Dardanelles Strait, which in ancient times was called the Hellespont. The area where this city stood was called Troas. In the Hittite archives, Troy appears as Taruisha.

But in the seventies of the nineteenth century, the famous archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, while conducting excavations on the Hissarlik hill, came across the ruins of nine cities located in different historical layers of the earth, one after another. After a thorough analysis, it was found that this is the place Homer describes, and this is where the legendary Troy is located.

The exact time of Homer's life is not known. It is believed that he lived between the 12th and 6th centuries. BC e. The right to be called his homeland was disputed by seven cities: Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Solomon, Rhodes, Argos and Athens.

Since then, this city has been one of the most popular, famous and visited attractions in Turkey. This museum city is included in the list world heritage UNESCO.

Troy— there are probably few people in the world who have not heard the name of this legendary city at least once in their lives, who have not heard of the famous Trojan horse, which abruptly changed course Trojan War. Starting from Homer's Iliads, where fifty-one days are described last year Trojan War, O Three a lot has been said and written. Troy has always interested and continues to interest a variety of scientists: archaeologists, historians, writers and local historians.

Sasha Mitrakhovich 21.10.2015 15:55

Troy on the map of Turkey

Tales of the Trojan War have been widely known in Greece since ancient times. Aed singers sang songs about this event everywhere. Around the 8th century. BC e. several poems were composed.

Two of them have reached us - the Iliad and the Odyssey, the author of which is considered to be the blind poet Homer. The Iliad tells about the events that occurred in the ninth year of the war, and the Odyssey is the story of the long, ten-year return home of the Ithacan king, who recalls some episodes of the siege and death of Troy, including the Trojan Horse.

In ancient times, everyone knew the Iliad and the Odyssey. All literate people had lists of them in their homes; many rich people even kept slaves who recited these poems by heart. Roman literature began with the translation of the Iliad into Latin. And everyone in antiquity was convinced that this was a story about real events in which the deeds of gods and heroes were mixed.

« Troy" And " Ilion" two different names the same mighty city in Asia Minor, at the entrance from the Aegean Sea to the strait.

The city was located on an ancient maritime trade route that connected the Aegean Sea with the Marmara and Black Seas.

Troy occupied a dominant position over the strait and this allowed the city to become a key center of trade between East and West during the Bronze Age.

According to Homer, the Scamander and Simois rivers flowed near the city. The Scamander River (Turkish: Karamenderes) originates on the slopes of the Ida Mountains, which are now called Kaz-Dag.

When Troy was first founded, it was located on the shores of the bay of the same name. But what we see today is no longer a bay, but a large plain because the alluvial sediments of the Scamander and Simoes rivers gradually accumulated and over the course of many centuries these river sediments practically filled the bay.

Nowadays, the ruins of the ancient Troy are located in Turkey, 30 km from the city of Canakkale, near the village of Tevfikiye.

Sasha Mitrakhovich 30.10.2015 10:36

Around 700 BC e. the Greek colony of New Ilion was founded in those places. Alexander the Great made sacrifices there before his victorious campaign in Asia; Constantine the Great at one time thought to establish his capital there, but chose Byzantium.

Many travelers specifically went to Troas to look at the places where these events took place. However, centuries passed, New Ilion fell into decay, and gradually the Trojan War began to be considered a fairy tale, a myth, especially since gods participated in the events.

Some researchers saw in the Iliad an allegory for other events, for example, the Hellenic colonization of Asia Minor. This seems plausible, because ancient legends say that the Greeks who besieged Troy sowed grain every spring and also constantly plundered the coast.

Such events really do not look like a punitive campaign, but like expansion, slow and difficult.

Today, the area where the modern Troy, is strikingly different from the one Homer describes. The silt deposits of the Kara Menderes and Dumrek-Su rivers were pushed aside year after year, day after day coastline, and now the city lies on a completely dry hill.

In the city-museum " Troy“There is certainly something to see; the ruins alone, dating back to different historical periods, are worth it. Tourist visits here are allowed from May to September from 8.00 to 19.00, and from September to April from 8.00 to 17.00. The entrance ticket costs 15 liras. The optimal solution To get a more complete look at all the exhibits, you will need to hire a guide.

One of the most popular and favorite places city ​​this is the famous Trojan Horse, and to be precise, its wooden copy. Everyone can climb inside the horse and feel like cunning and dexterous supporters of Odysseus.

True, most often there are so many tourists that the majority not only cannot stand in line to get inside the Trojan horse, they simply cannot even get closer than a few hundred meters to it.

It may also be interesting to visit the Museum of Excavations, with numerous photographs, models and many other exhibits describing the stages of work to discover the city.

Numerous inquisitive tourists can visit the temple of Athena, impressive in its size and majesty, the mysterious and gloomy sanctuary of the ancient gods, the Odeon concert hall, and the houses of celebrities and the rich of Troy that have survived to this day.

Sasha Mitrakhovich 30.10.2015 10:39

For a long time existence itself Troy considered a myth or invention of Homer and the exact location Troy no one knew. Geographical descriptions, data in Homer's Iliad, led some scientists to suggest that the ruins Troy may be in the north-west of Asia Minor, somewhere at the entrance to (in the territory of modern Turkey).

In 1870, the famous self-taught archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, having received permission from the then Ottoman authorities, began excavations in the northwestern part of the Hissarlik hill (near the city of Canakkale). On May 31, 1873, Schliemann discovered a treasure, which he hastily named the “Treasure of Priam.”

Later it turned out that this was not the “Treasure of Priam”, because the age of the treasure was a thousand years older than the times described by the blind poet Homer. According to the Ottoman government's permission to excavate Hissarlik, Schliemann was obliged to transfer half of the finds to the Archaeological Museum in Istanbul. But he hid the treasures from the Turkish authorities and smuggled them to Greece.

In 1881, after unsuccessful attempts to sell the treasures to the world's largest museums, Schliemann donated them to the city of Berlin, which allowed him to become an honorary citizen of Berlin. Since 1945, the Trojan Treasure, taken as a trophy during the Second World War, has been located in Moscow in the Pushkin Museum. A.S. Pushkin.

Many still doubt that Schliemann discovered the very Troy, but one way or another, most scientists today are inclined to believe that Schliemann was still right, “Troy has been excavated, and there is no second.”

Sasha Mitrakhovich 30.10.2015 10:46

Modern science identifies 9 main cultural layers of Troy

• Troy I— The oldest archaeological traces of Troy date back to 2900 - 2500. BC e. Troy I was a small settlement and even at the height of its existence had a diameter of only 100 m. Despite its modest size, Troy I had a fortress with massive walls, gates and towers made of rough stone. This settlement existed for almost five centuries and, most likely, was destroyed by fire.
• Troy II- Despite the fact that Troy I was destroyed by fire, it arose on the site of the ashes Troy II represents a renaissance lost city. The second cultural layer of Troy (2500-2300 BC) is one of the most impressive archaeological sites of the Early Bronze Age. Many treasures were discovered in this layer, including the treasure discovered by Schliemann, which he hastily called the “Treasure of Priam.” All these treasures of gold, silver, bronze and copper speak of active trading activities in the city. However, Troy II also collapsed, but as a result of a surprise attack, as evidenced by the discovered traces of deliberate destruction.
• Troy III, IV and V- Troy III, IV and V are already larger settlements that existed from 2300-1800. BC e. Over the centuries, the city's citadel has grown, but no concrete traces of the city's development are observed; on the contrary, traces of the city's decline have been discovered. In these settlements there are already groups of small houses standing close to one another, separated by small streets. Troy V was again destroyed by fire.
• Troy VI and VII— During this period, a new royal palace-citadel was built in Troy. In size, the new citadel surpassed not only the old one, but also any other in western Asia Minor. Made of hewn stone and reinforced with massive towers, the new fortress walls of the city were 4 to 5 m thick. All this testifies to wealth, prosperity and power Troy in this period. But large vertical faults on the fortress wall in the VI cultural layer of Troy(1800-1250 BC) , indicate what happened strong earthquake. After the earthquake, life began to emerge again at the site of the destroyed settlement. The Trojan War and the events mentioned by Homer in the Iliad refer to either Troy VI or Troy VII (1250-1025 BC).
• Troy VIII and IX— According to modern scientists, the Greeks settled Troy, abandoned after the war, 250 years later, that is, during the life of Homer. At first, a small settlement arose on the site of old Troy, then the city grew. On the territory of Troy there was a temple to Athena, as well as a sanctuary for sacrifices (900-85 BC). According to Arrian (ancient Greek historian and geographer), Alexander the Great made a pilgrimage to Troy and visited the temple of Athena. From the Temple of Athena, only a few fragments of altars and marble fragments have reached us. With the growing power of the Roman state, a legend arose that it was the descendants of the Trojan Aeneas who founded Rome. That's why the Romans honored Troy. Gaius Julius Caesar ordered the expansion of the temple of Athena after his visit there in 48 BC. Augustus, who replaced him, also ordered the construction of a bouleuterion (council hall) and an odion for musical performances in the “sacred Ilium”.

Sasha Mitrakhovich 30.10.2015 10:49

To the south of Troy are the ruins of another city, Alexandrea-Troas, which was founded in the 4th century BC. It was later captured by Alexander the Great and renamed in his honor. Near Alexandrea Troas is the ancient city of Ass or Behramkale. It is picturesquely located on a hill surrounded by dilapidated walls. In Assa, during the times of Plato and Aristotle, a fairly well-known for those times was founded philosophical school, many famous philosophers visited it. The attractions of Assa include the Murad Mosque, which was built on the remains of a Byzantine church, numerous tombs, and caravanserais, which today have been rebuilt as hotels.

If you are coming from the small town closest to Troy, Canakkale, which is 30 km away, then getting to Troy is very easy. A regular intercity bus leaves this city regularly once an hour. His ring is located under the bridge near the Sari River. Travel time to your destination is usually half an hour. You will have to pay a small amount for a bus ticket - only three Turkish lira.

Be sure to check what time the last return bus to Canakkale leaves. You can get from Istanbul to Canakkale if you use intercity buses. The flight to Canakkale departs three times a day from the bus station near the Otogar metro station. True, you will have to spend about seven hours on the road.

Sasha Mitrakhovich 30.10.2015 10:54

Troy (Turkish Truva), second name Ilion, is an ancient city in the north-west of Asia Minor, off the coast of the Aegean Sea. It was known thanks to the ancient Greek epics and was discovered in the 1870s. during G. Schliemann's excavations of the Hissarlik hill. The city gained particular fame thanks to the myths about the Trojan War and the events described in Homer’s poem “The Iliad,” according to which the 10-year war of the coalition of Achaean kings led by Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae, against Troy ended with the fall of the fortress city. The people who inhabited Troy are called Teucrians in ancient Greek sources.

Troy is a mythical city. For many centuries, the reality of Troy's existence was questioned - it existed like a city from legend. But there have always been people looking for a reflection in the events of the Iliad real story. However, serious search attempts ancient city were undertaken only in the 19th century. In 1870, Heinrich Schliemann, while excavating the mountain village of Gissrlik on the Turkish coast, came across the ruins of an ancient city. Continuing excavations to a depth of 15 meters, he unearthed treasures that belonged to an ancient and highly developed civilization. These were the ruins of Homer's famous Troy. It is worth noting that Schliemann excavated a city that was built earlier (1000 years before the Trojan War); further research showed that he simply walked right through Troy, since it was built on the ruins of the ancient city he found.

Troy and Atlantis are one and the same. In 1992, Eberhard Zangger suggested that Troy and Atlantis are the same city. He based his theory on the similarity of the descriptions of cities in ancient legends. However, the spread and scientific basis this assumption did not have. This hypothesis did not receive widespread support.

The Trojan War broke out because of a woman. According to Greek legend, the Trojan War broke out because one of the 50 sons of King Priam, Paris, kidnapped the beautiful Helen, the wife of the Spartan king Menelaus. The Greeks sent troops precisely to take Helen away. However, according to some historians, this is most likely only the peak of the conflict, that is, the last straw that gave rise to the war. Before this, there were supposedly many trade wars between the Greeks and the Trojans, who controlled trade along the entire coast of the Dardanelles.

Troy survived for 10 years thanks to outside help. According to available sources, Agamemnon's army camped in front of the city on the seashore, without besieging the fortress from all sides. King Priam of Troy took advantage of this, establishing close ties with Caria, Lydia and other regions of Asia Minor, which provided him with assistance during the war. As a result, the war turned out to be very protracted.

The Trojan horse actually existed. This is one of the few episodes of that war that has never found its archaeological and historical confirmation. Moreover, there is not a word about the horse in the Iliad, but Homer describes it in detail in his Odyssey. And all the events associated with the Trojan horse and their details were described by the Roman poet Virgil in the Aeneid, 1st century. BC, i.e. almost 1200 years later. Some historians suggest that the Trojan horse meant some kind of weapon, for example, a ram. Others claim that Homer called Greek sea vessels this way. It is possible that there was no horse at all, and Homer used it in his poem as a symbol of the death of the gullible Trojans.

The Trojan horse got into the city thanks to a cunning trick by the Greeks. According to legend, the Greeks spread a rumor that there was a prophecy that if a wooden horse stood within the walls of Troy, it could forever defend the city from Greek raids. Most of the city's residents were inclined to believe that the horse should be brought into the city. However, there were also opponents. The priest Laocoon suggested burning the horse or throwing it off a cliff. He even threw a spear at the horse, and everyone heard that the horse was empty inside. Soon a Greek named Sinon was captured and told Priam that the Greeks had built a horse in honor of the goddess Athena to atone for many years of bloodshed. This was followed tragic events: during a sacrifice to the god of the sea Poseidon, two huge snake, who strangled the priest and his sons. Seeing this as an omen from above, the Trojans decided to roll the horse into the city. He was so huge that he couldn’t fit through the gate and part of the wall had to be dismantled.

The Trojan Horse caused the fall of Troy. According to legend, on the night after the horse entered the city, Sinon released the warriors hiding inside from its belly, who quickly killed the guards and opened the city gates. The city, which had fallen asleep after the riotous festivities, did not even offer strong resistance. Several Trojan soldiers led by Aeneas tried to save the palace and the king. According to ancient Greek myths, the palace fell thanks to the giant Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, who smashed the front door with his ax and killed King Priam.

Heinrich Schliemann, who found Troy and amassed a huge fortune during his life, was born into a poor family. He was born in 1822 into the family of a rural pastor. His homeland is a small German village near the Polish border. His mother died when he was 9 years old. My father was a harsh, unpredictable and self-centered man who loved women very much (for which he lost his position). At the age of 14, Heinrich was separated from his first love, the girl Minna. When Heinrich was 25 years old and he was already becoming famous businessman, he finally asked Minna's hand from her father in a letter. The answer said that Minna married a farmer. This message completely broke his heart. Passion for Ancient Greece appeared in the boy’s soul thanks to his father, who read the Iliad to the children in the evenings, and then gave his son a book on world history with illustrations. In 1840, after a long and grueling job in a grocery store that almost cost him his life, Henry boarded a ship bound for Venezuela. On December 12, 1841, the ship was caught in a storm and Schliemann was thrown into the icy sea; he was saved from death by a barrel, which he held on to until he was rescued. During his life, he learned 17 languages ​​and made a large fortune. However, the peak of his career was the excavations of the great Troy.

Heinrich Schliemann undertook the excavations of Troy due to unsettled personal life. This is not excluded. In 1852, Heinrich Schliemann, who had many affairs in St. Petersburg, married Ekaterina Lyzhina. This marriage lasted 17 years and turned out to be completely empty for him. Being a passionate man by nature, he married a sensible woman who was cold towards him. As a result, he almost found himself on the verge of madness. The unhappy couple had three children, but this did not bring happiness to Schliemann. Out of desperation, he made another fortune by selling indigo dye. In addition, he took up the Greek language closely. An inexorable thirst for travel appeared in him. In 1668, he decided to go to Ithaca and organize his first expedition. Then he went towards Constantinople, to the places where Troy was located according to the Iliad and began excavations on the Hissarlik hill. This was his first step on the path to the great Troy.

Schliemann tried on jewelry from Helen of Troy for his second wife. Heinrich was introduced to his second wife by his old friend, 17-year-old Greek Sofia Engastromenos. According to some sources, when Schliemann found the famous treasures of Troy (10,000 gold objects) in 1873, he moved them upstairs with the help of his second wife, whom he loved immensely. Among them were two luxurious tiaras. Having placed one of them on Sophia’s head, Henry said: “The jewel that Helen of Troy wore now adorns my wife.” One of the photographs actually shows her wearing magnificent antique jewelry.

The Trojan treasures were lost. There is a deal of truth in it. The Schliemanns donated 12,000 objects to the Berlin Museum. During World War II, this priceless treasure was moved to a bunker from which it disappeared in 1945. Part of the treasury unexpectedly appeared in 1993 in Moscow. There is still no answer to the question: “Was it really the gold of Troy?”

During excavations at Hisarlik, several layers of cities from different times were discovered. Archaeologists have identified 9 layers that belong to different years. Everyone calls them Troy.

Only two towers have survived from Troy I. Troy II was explored by Schliemann, considering it the true Troy of King Priam. Troy VI was the high point of the city's development, its inhabitants trading profitably with the Greeks, but the city appears to have been badly destroyed by an earthquake. Modern scientists believe that the found Troy VII is the true city of Homer's Iliad. According to historians, the city fell in 1184 BC, being burned by the Greeks. Troy VIII was restored by Greek colonists, who also built the temple of Athena here. Troy IX already belongs to the Roman Empire. I would like to note that excavations have shown that Homeric descriptions very accurately describe the city.

Popular myths.

Popular facts.

Troy, Türkiye: description, photo, where it is on the map, how to get there

Troy- an ancient settlement in Turkey off the coast of the Aegean Sea. This landmark was sung by Homer in his Iliad. The Trojan War brought Troy its greatest fame. This ancient Greek city is one of the 1000 best places world according to our website.

Many tourists are interested in this archaeological site of modern Turkey. In order to get to Troy, you must first get to Canakalle. From there, buses leave hourly for Troy. The journey will take about half an hour. In turn, you can come to Canakalle by bus from Izmir or Istanbul. In both cases, the distance is about 320 km.

The German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann was the first to become interested in the excavations of Troy in the second half of the 19th century. It was under his leadership that the ruins of nine cities around the Hissarlik hill were found. Moreover, many ancient artifacts and one very ancient fortress were found. Schliemann's many years of work were continued by one of his colleagues, who excavated a vast area dating back to the Mycenaean era.

Excavations are still ongoing at this site.

Today in Troy there is little to attract the traveler's eye. However, the atmosphere of the world's greatest fairy tale invariably hovers in this city. At the moment, the restoration of the famous Trojan Horse has been completely completed. This attraction is located on a panoramic platform.

Photo attraction: Troy

Troy on the map:

Where is Troy? - monument on the map

Troy is located in modern Turkey, on east coast Aegean Sea, southwest of Istanbul. In ancient times, Troy was apparently a powerful fortified city, whose inhabitants were most famous for allowing into their city a wooden horse left behind by the Greeks. According to legend, Greek soldiers were hiding inside the souvenir, who killed the Trojan guards and opened the city gates for the Greek army.

Coordinates:
39.9573326 northern latitude
26.2387447 east longitude

Troy on interactive map , which can be controlled:

Troy is in the lists: cities, monuments

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Troy

Troy is an ancient Greek city on the western tip of Asia Minor. In the 8th century BC, Homer spoke about it in his poems. It was a blind wandering singer. He sang about the Trojan War, which took place in the 13th century BC. e. That is, this event occurred 500 years before Homer.

For a long time it was believed that both Troy and the Trojan War were invented by the singer. It is still not even known whether the ancient poet actually existed or whether he was a collective image. Therefore, many historians were skeptical about the events sung in the Iliad.

Troy on the map of Turkey, indicated by a blue circle

In 1865, the English archaeologist Frank Calvert began excavations on the Hisarlik hill, located 7 km from the Dardanelles Strait. In 1868, German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann also began excavations at the other end of the same hill, after a chance meeting with Calvert in Canakkale.

The German was lucky. He excavated several fortified cities that were built in different eras. To date, 9 main settlements have been excavated, located one above the other. They were built in a time period that spans 3.5 thousand years.

Model of the city of Troy on the eve of the Trojan War

The excavations are located in northwestern Anatolia at the southwestern end of the Dardanelles Strait (in ancient times the Hellespont) northwest of Mount Ida. It is about 30 km southwest of the city of Canakkale (the capital of the province of the same name).

Not far from the ruins is a small village that supports the tourism industry. This site was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.. It should be noted that during the Roman Empire Troy was called Ilion. The city flourished until it was eclipsed by Constantinople. During the Byzantine era it fell into decay.

The famous Trojan horse. Hiding in such a horse,
the treacherous Achaeans entered the city

Main archaeological layers of Troy

1 layer- a settlement dating back to the Neolithic period. This is the 7th-5th centuries BC. e.

2 layer- covers the period 3-2.6 thousand years BC. e. It is from this settlement that Troy begins. It had a diameter of no more than 150 meters. The houses were built from clay bricks. All houses were destroyed by fire.

3 layer- covers the period 2.6-2.25 thousand years BC. e. More developed settlement. Precious jewelry, gold vessels, weapons, and gravestones were found on its territory. All this pointed to a highly developed culture. The settlement was destroyed as a result of a natural disaster.

4 and 5 layers- covers the period 2.25-1.95 thousand years BC. e. Characterized by the decline of culture and material wealth.

6 layer- 1.95-1.3 thousand years BC e. The city grew in size and wealth. It was destroyed around 1250 BC. e. strong earthquake. However, it was quickly restored.

7 layer- 1.3-1.2 thousand years BC e. This particular archaeological layer dates back to the period of the Trojan War. The area of ​​the city at that time occupied 200 thousand square meters. meters. At the same time, the area of ​​the fortress was 23 thousand square meters. meters. The urban population reached 10 thousand people. The city fortress was a powerful wall with towers. Their height reached 9 meters. The siege and destruction of the city occurs approximately in 1184 BC. e.

8 layer- 1.2-0.9 thousand years BC e. The settlement was captured by wild tribes. No cultural development was observed during this period.

9 layer- 900-350 BC e. Troy turned into the ancient Greek city-state - polis. This had a beneficial effect on the culture and well-being of citizens. The period is characterized good relations with the Achaemenid Empire. Persian king Xerxes in 480 BC e. visited the city and sacrificed 1000 bulls to the sanctuary of Athena.

10 layer- 350 BC e. - 400 AD e. characterized by the era of Hellenistic states and Roman rule. In 85 BC. e. Ilion was destroyed by the Roman general Fimbria.

Sulla then helped rebuild the settlement.

In 20 AD e. Emperor Augustus visited Troy and allocated money for the restoration of the sanctuary of Athena. The city flourished for a long time, but then, as already mentioned, fell into decline, thanks to the heyday of Constantinople.

Archaeological excavations

After Schliemann, excavations were carried out in 1893-1894 by Wilhelm Dörpfeld, and then in 1932-1938 by Karl Blegen. These excavations showed that there were 9 cities, built one on top of the other. At the same time, 9 levels were divided into 46 sublevels.

Archaeological excavations resumed in 1988 under the leadership of professors Manfred Korfmann and Brian Rose. During this period, the ruins of late Greek and Roman cities were discovered. In 2006, Ernst Pernik led the excavations.

In March 2014, it was announced that further research would be sponsored by a private Turkish company, and the work would be led by Associate Professor Rustem Aslan. It was stated that Troy would boost tourism in Canakkale and perhaps become one of Turkey's most visited historical sites.

Troy— there are probably few people in the world who have not heard the name of this legendary city at least once in their lives, who have not heard of the famous Trojan horse, which abruptly changed course Trojan War. Starting from Homer's Iliads, which describes the fifty-one days of the last year Trojan War, O Troy a lot has been said and written. Troy has always interested and continues to interest a variety of scientists: archaeologists, historians, writers and local historians. Did you know that Troy is in ?

Trojan horse - symbol of Troy

Where is Troy? Troy on the map

« Troy" And " Ilion"two different names for the same mighty city in Asia Minor, at the entrance to the strait. The city was located on an ancient maritime trade route that connected the Aegean Sea with the Marmara and Black Seas. Troy occupied a dominant position over the strait and this allowed the city to become a key center of trade between East and West during the Bronze Age.

Location of Troy

According to Homer, a river flowed near the city Scamander and Simoes. The Scamander River (Turkish Karamenderes) originates on the slopes of the mountains Ida, which are now called Kaz-Dag. When Troy was first founded, it was located on the shores of the bay of the same name. But what we see today is no longer a bay but a large plain because the alluvial sediments of the rivers Scamander and Simoes gradually accumulated and over the course of many centuries these river sediments practically filled the bay. Nowadays, the ruins of ancient Troy are located 30 km from the city Çanakkale, near the village of Tevfikiye.

Excavations of Troy and the “Treasure of Priam”

For a long time the very existence Troy considered a myth or invention of Homer and the exact location Troy no one knew. Geographical descriptions given in Homer's Iliad, led some scientists to suggest that the ruins Troy may be in the north-west of Asia Minor, somewhere at the entrance to (on the territory of modern Turkey). In 1870, the famous self-taught archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, having received permission from the then Ottoman authorities, began excavations in the northwestern part of the hill Hisarlik(near the city Canakkale). May 31, 1873 Schliemann a treasure was discovered, which he hastily named "Priam's Treasure". Later it turned out that this was not "Priam's Treasure", because the age of the treasure was a thousand years older than the times described by the blind poet Homer.

Golden tiara from the Prima Treasure Left - Sophia Schliemann posing in a tiara (1874)

According to the Ottoman government's permit for excavation rights Hisarlik, Schliemann was obliged to transfer half of the finds to. But he hid the treasures from the Turkish authorities and smuggled them to Greece. In 1881, after unsuccessful attempts to sell the treasures to the world's largest museums, Schliemann donated them to the city of Berlin, which allowed him to become an honorary citizen of Berlin. Since 1945 Trojan treasure, taken as a trophy during the Second World War, is located in Moscow at the Pushkin Museum. A.S. Pushkin.

Many still doubt that Schliemann discovered the very Troy, but one way or another, most scientists today are inclined to believe that Schliemann was still right, “Troy has been excavated, and there is no second.”

Sights of Troy

Because of his strategic location, after each devastating war or devastating earthquake, the city was restored and life in Three started again. That's why these days archaeological site represents nine main cultural layers, which relate to different eras. Troy is one of the most famous archaeological sites in Turkey both in the world and included in.

Cultural layers of Troy

Troy I

The oldest archaeological traces of Troy date back to 2900 - 2500. BC e. Troy I was a small settlement and even at the height of its existence had a diameter of only 100 m. Despite its modest size, Troy I had a fortress with massive walls, gates and towers made of rough stone. This settlement existed for almost five centuries and, most likely, was destroyed by fire.

Troy II

Despite the fact that Troy I was destroyed by fire, arose on the site of the ashes Troy II represents the rebirth of a lost city. The second cultural layer of Troy (2500-2300 BC) is one of the most impressive archaeological sites of the Early Bronze Age. Many treasures were discovered in this layer, including the treasure discovered by Schliemann, which he hastily called the “Treasure of Priam.” All these treasures of gold, silver, bronze and copper indicate active trading activity in the city. However, Troy II also collapsed, but as a result of a surprise attack, as evidenced by the discovered traces of deliberate destruction.

Troy III, IV and V

Troy III, IV and V are already larger settlements that existed from 2300-1800. BC e. Over the centuries, the city's citadel has grown, but there are no concrete traces of the city's development; on the contrary, traces of the city's decline have been discovered. In these settlements there are already groups of small houses standing close to one another, separated by small streets. Troy V was again destroyed by fire.

Troy VI and VII

During this period, a new royal palace-citadel was built in Troy. In size, the new citadel surpassed not only the old one, but also any other in western Asia Minor. Made of hewn stone and reinforced with massive towers, the new fortress walls of the city were 4 to 5 m thick. All this testifies to wealth, prosperity and power Troy in this period. But large vertical faults on the fortress wall in the VI cultural layer of Troy(1800-1250 BC) , indicate that a strong earthquake occurred. After the earthquake, life began to emerge again at the site of the destroyed settlement. The Trojan War and the events mentioned by Homer in the Iliad refer to either Troy VI or Troy VII (1250-1025 BC).

Troy VIII and IX

According to modern scientists, the Greeks settled Troy, abandoned after the war, 250 years later, that is, during the life of Homer. At first, a small settlement arose on the site of old Troy, then the city grew. On the territory of Troy there was a temple to Athena, as well as a sanctuary for sacrifices (900-85 BC). According to Arrian (ancient Greek historian and geographer), he made a pilgrimage to Troy and visited the temple of Athena. From the Temple of Athena, only a few fragments of altars and marble fragments have reached us. With the growing power of the Roman state, a legend arose that it was the descendants of the Trojan Aeneas who founded Rome. That's why the Romans honored Troy. Gaius Julius Caesar ordered the expansion of the temple of Athena after his visit there in 48 BC. Augustus, who replaced him, also ordered the construction of a bouleuterion (council hall) and an odion for musical performances in the “sacred Ilium”.

Hotels near the National Park

Troy Photos

Video about Troy

We have all heard about the Trojan War thanks to Homer's Iliad. Who were the inhabitants of Troy and what peoples could be their descendants?

Turks and Greeks

It is assumed that ancient Troy (in Homer - Ilion) was located in the north of modern Turkey, on the shores of the Aegean Sea, near the entrance to the Dardanelles Strait.

The inhabitants of Troy were not actually called Trojans, but Teucrians. Mention of the tjkr people is found in sources of times Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses III. Aeschylus and Virgil also spoke about them.

According to the historian Strabo, the Teucrian tribe originally lived in Crete, from where they moved to Troas (Troy). After the fall of Troy, the Teucrians moved to Cyprus and Palestine.

Today, the region where Troy was once located is inhabited by both Turks and Greeks. Therefore, most likely, it is among them that one can find the descendants of the Trojans.

Etruscans

A number of researchers believe that the pre-Greek inscriptions found in Cyprus (the so-called Eteocypriot inscriptions) and revealing grammatical and

lexical similarity with the Etruscan language belongs specifically to the Teucrians. Almost all ancient authors talk about the Asia Minor origin of the Etruscans, which is quite consistent with the “Trojan” version.

True, the famous expert on the Etruscans, R. Bekes, believed that they were not descendants of the Trojans, but only their closest neighbors.

Romans

Legends say that the Romans descended from Aeneas, who fled from the burning of Troy. This is stated both in the “History from the Founding of the City” by Titus Livy and in the “Aeneid” by Virgil. Tacitus also mentions the Trojan origin of the Romans. Julius Caesar himself announced that he descended from Ascanius, the son of Aeneas.

True, there is confusion with the dates. It is believed that Rome was founded in 753 BC, and the Trojan War took place in the 13th-12th centuries BC, that is, about 400 years before the founding of Rome.

Franks

The first Frankish kings were representatives of the Merovingian dynasty. It was necessary to create some kind of legend confirming their right to power, and then they came up with an ancestor named Francus or Francion, who was allegedly the son of Hector, the leader of the Trojan warriors.

Francus was first mentioned in 660 with reference to the Chronicle of the Roman historian Eusebius of Caesarea. From there, the information was transferred to the “History of the Franks” by Gregory of Tours, the events of which date back to the 4th century.

As legend has it, Francus and his comrades fled from Troy during the fire and, after long wanderings, built the city of Sycambria on the Danube. Later he built another city on the Rhine - Dispargum. Subsequently, the descendants of Frankus moved to the lands of Gaul and began to call themselves Franks in honor of the first leader.

The city of Paris supposedly got its name in honor of Prince Paris, who provoked the Trojan War, and was a distant relative of Frankus. It was he who became the founder of the city on the Seine. Also, according to this version, many European cities were founded by Trojan heroes: among them Toulouse, London, Barcelona, ​​Bern, Cologne.

Germans and Britons

The Germanic tribes considered Troana, the daughter of the Trojan king Priam, as their ancestor. As the Scandinavian sagas say, one of her descendants was the ruler of Thrace, a country located on the European shore of the Hellespont. He and his people managed to conquer the lands of Scandinavia and Jutland (Denmark), and then populate the entire northern part Western Europe. One of the tribes that lived there, the Britons, gave the name to Britain, the territory of which was settled in the 7th century BC. The people from Troy were distinguished from the indigenous population by their white skin, tall, light eyes and blond or red hair.

Russians

Theoretically, the Trojans could migrate not only to the West or East, but also to the North. Most likely, to the area of ​​the mouth of Itil (that was the name of the Volga River at that time) and on the coast of the Dnieper. In particular, they could become residents Khazar Khaganate, and after its fall, settle further throughout the Slavic lands, mixing with the local population, and then with the Balts. It is possible that the legendary Varangians Rurik, Sineus and Truvor, called to reign in Rus', were descended from the Trojans. And in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” the adjective “Troyan” (“Troyan”) is mentioned several times, formed, perhaps, from the name of the proper Troyan.

By the way, Ivan the Terrible, as you know, claimed that the Rurikovichs descended from the first Roman emperors. Maybe there were reasons for this?

Let only indirect facts speak in favor of this version, but why not fantasize about the fact that we, Russians, can also be descendants of the ancient Trojans?

Ruins of Troy

Many of us have heard at least once in our lives the name of the ancient city of Troy, or Ilion. The city was located on the territory of Asia Minor on the coast of the Aegean Sea. Today, lovers of travel and old cities are looking for information about where Troy was and where its ruins can now be seen.

Troy in the past

The oldest archaeological traces of Troy date back to 2900-2500 BC. Ancient state Troy was located near the Dardanelles Strait (Hellespont) in the Aegean Sea, it was founded at the mouth of the bay of the same name. An ancient sea route connecting Mramornoe, Chernoye and Aegean Sea, was under the control of the Trojan state in those days. Troy was one of the important trading states.

For a long time it was believed that Troy was just a mythical state that was invented in ancient times. But everything changed after in 1870, the famous self-taught archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann found a treasure in the northwestern part of Hisarlik Hill (near the city of Canakkale in modern Turkey). During further excavations, the Ancient City was found.

Troy today

The ruins of Troy are located in Turkey, near the city of Canakkale, about 30 km. The closest locality- Tevfikiye village. You can quickly get to the museum from the city of Canakkale; buses make regular trips, the minimum cost of a ticket is 3 liras.

The ruins of the city are of particular interest. They consist of 10 main layers. This is due to the fact that the city was destroyed and rebuilt several times during various military invasions.

It is worth noting that the city-museum of Troy is on the UNESCO World Heritage List.