How to collect empty plastic bottles? Mini-plant for processing plastic bottles How to organize the collection of plastic bottles from the population.

Growing interest in the organization own business has been observed for more than one year. At the same time, most individuals and large companies are increasingly paying tribute to environmental protection in order to preserve their health and the future of the planet.

That is why one of the increasingly popular ideas is recycling PET bottles.

Since any project that helps improve people's living conditions is at the peak of popularity, bottle recycling is current business idea. Considering the fact that so far practically no one is doing this in our country, we can conclude that any aspiring entrepreneur has a chance to gain a foothold in the industry and start making decent money.

However, this type of business has its drawbacks, which in essence can be considered as obstacles to the successful implementation of the idea:

Difficulties associated with opening. Since this area is poorly regulated by law, the preparation of documentation itself is a rather complex process. In addition, it is necessary to obtain large quantity permissions from various types of structures. As a result, the entire process can take from 5 to 8 months (which is quite long compared to other types of activities).
Difficulty in establishing a fairly stable supply of raw materials. In order to truly make money in the processing industry, you need to set up the process so that there is a constant supply of raw materials. On the other hand, a problem of a different nature stands out here - it is not always clear where processed products can be sold.
High dependence on manual labor. In all situations where a business depends on this type of labor, it is necessary to organize employees in such a way that they form a friendly team - otherwise the efficiency of activity will tend to zero. The solution to this problem can be simplified by building a motivation system.

At the same time, the advantages of this business outweigh all possible disadvantages. So, among them stand out:

High profitability. The profit to revenue ratio will be around 25%, which is significantly higher than in other areas.
Loyal attitude of people towards such activities. If many companies have a controversial image among the population, then an entrepreneur engaged in bottle recycling will definitely be respected among the residents. This can guarantee some support from them.
Environmental projects are easier now receive support from government and local authorities.
Many companies strive to be socially responsible and in some way protect the environment. At the same time, they often do not want to do this, because if this is not their main profile, it can be extremely unprofitable from an economic point of view and have a negative impact on efficiency. Therefore, they prefer to invest in this kind of projects.

Process technology

The technology is carried out as follows:

First, plastic PET bottles are collected.
Then you need to sort by class. Most often, it is produced into an unpainted group and a dyed one, within which additional sorting is performed by color. Each subgroup will be processed separately. Also a separate category are bottles made of polyvinyl chloride, which must be processed in a special way.
After this, manual removal of rubber, paper, metal, etc. occurs in each group.
The next step is to compress the bottles. Once they become compressed, they must be loaded onto a line dedicated to container recycling.
The result is flake-shaped flakes. Flex is a raw material either for the production of the same bottles, or for chemical fiber, from which many products are made, among which packaging tape, paving slabs, films, etc. stand out.

It is important to understand that during the recycling process, labels and caps are automatically removed and bottles are crushed. Then the fragments are placed in a special cauldron, where the remaining foreign elements are washed off with water. Finally, the cleaned plastic is further cleaned and dried. It must be stored in a designated bin.

Necessary equipment

There are two options for organizing this type of business:

Firstly, it could be mobile plant for recycling, fits in a truck. This idea is most profitable if the entrepreneur plans to serve several small cities at once through his project.
Second case - rent of a building for a processing workshop. The cost of equipment for a fully equipped line can be 3-4 million rubles y. You will need:
- Belt conveyors;
- Rotary machine;
- The so-called “crusher” is a device for crushing bottles;
- Screw conveyor;
- Steam boiler;
- Polishing machine;
- Dryer-water separator;
- Air dryer;
- Storage bins.

It is important to understand that the cost of a mobile plant will be higher and will be approximately 5-6 million rubles. As for the stationary option, you will need big square– not less than 2000 sq.m. Accordingly, abandoned factories or warehouses closer to the outskirts of the city are best suited for these purposes - so that the price for the premises does not turn out to be exorbitant. Alternatively, you can buy a large plot of land and build a hangar yourself (however, this will cost much more).

Ideally, produce not only flex, but also fiber, since in this case profits and profitability will significantly increase. However, this will require an even higher level of investment, and a new entrepreneur should do this only after the initial investment has paid off and begins to generate a stable income.

Obtaining raw materials for bottle recycling

In order to successfully organize a business, it is more advisable to open a plant in big city so that transport costs are minimal, since bottles are a very light product, which at the same time takes up a fairly large amount of space - accordingly, transportation over long distances will reduce profitability. Alternatively, the location may be equidistant from several major cities.

Raw materials are collected by hand at landfills in various parts of the country. Essentially, at these landfills, bottles are hand-picked into bags, then pressed and delivered directly to the factory.

In addition, you can search for raw materials via the Internet. There are many platforms where advertisements for sale or purchase are posted. plastic bottles. The main task in this case is to offer more profitable terms than potential competitors: these types of services work on the principle of regular auctions.

You can find a direct supplier of waste in the form of PET bottles. Often this method turns out to be the cheapest. It is necessary to find manufacturing or trading companies that produce large volumes of this kind of waste (in particular, these may be the offices of beverage companies, since in most of them the consumption of all products is free for employees: accordingly, the level of consumption is very high).

General costs of starting a business

First of all, you need to understand that organizing such a business will require a large number of workers, since many operations will be performed using manual labor. Minimal amount workers will be 10 people. At the same time, their salary is this moment on average is about 20 thousand rubles. However, it is important not to forget about the motivation system: as a result, the costs of wages will be slightly higher.

When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the employees’ work schedule must be in shifts.

To purchase a ton of bottles, taking into account transport costs, it will take about 10-15 thousand rubles(primarily depending on the purchase price). Interestingly, the price depends not only on who the purchase is made from, but also on the type of raw material: for example, brown plastic is the cheapest (its scope of application is quite narrow), while transparent plastic, on the contrary, is considered the most expensive.

Costs also need to take into account the cost of electricity and water consumed. Cost of one ton finished products may vary from 40 to 90 thousand rubles. It depends on the size of the granules, their technical characteristics, as well as colors.

Sales of products

In order to make money from this kind of production, it is necessary to properly set up a sales system. Firstly, a company that does not produce fiber can sell to other similar processing companies with a more complete technological cycle. In this case, the price per ton will be slightly lower than the market price, but the enterprise will have constant demand.

In addition, some organizations are engaged only in the production of fiber from ready-made flex. There are only a few such enterprises in Russia, but their volumes are very large, so this will guarantee a stable profit. You can use the platform to find buyers of recycled plastic - place an ad and wait for responses.

Calculation of profitability and payback period

The payback period for such a project will be approximately 1.5-2 years due to the need for a large amount of investment at the initial stage. The advantage is the fact that the costs organized process processing rates are quite low. Therefore, with revenue of 800 thousand rubles per month, the profit will be about 200-300 thousand rubles, depending on the raw materials processed and other factors.

Thus, a business focused on improvement ecological situation, can be profitable and bring in stable high level income. Bottle recycling is a promising niche in which the a small amount of companies, so market saturation does not threaten the industry for many years.

Video material about the organization of production

In the video you can see the production line and processing technology:

Polyethylene terephthalate is commonly called simply PET.

This is one of the most versatile and inexpensive materials for the production of convenient packaging.

Usually Drink bottles are made from polyethylene.

On average, one person produces more than 360 kg of solid household waste per year.

A significant part of them are plastic bottles, the decomposition of which in natural conditions will take hundreds of years.

Landfills are growing around major cities. Developed countries have been recycling and disposing of their waste for a long time. Gradually, the problem of garbage is beginning to be solved in Russia. It turned out that recycling plastic bottles can bring good income.

Today there are two main technologies. Most often obtained from plastic bottles PET granules, which are reused in the production of various polymer products. The technology for converting old bottles is revolutionary into automobile fuel. The domestic installation gives a product yield of about 900 grams per 1 kg of raw materials.

True, such equipment costs about 12-17 million rubles and is not affordable for small businesses. But the production of recycled PET is not difficult to organize. How does this happen and where to use the resulting recyclables? Let's consider the main stages.

Collection of raw materials

The collection of raw materials is the easiest to organize, but it costs minimum cash investment.

The municipality will most likely agree to such initiatives.

The easiest ways:

create reception points;
establish cooperation with landfills;
install on the streets bottle bins;
put machines for automated assembly of raw materials among the population.

The bottles are very light but bulky, so significant transport costs may be required at this stage. They can be reduced by purchasing a small press. This will allow us to significantly reduce the volume of primary raw materials and reduce the costs of transporting them.

If possible, bottles are better immediately collect without lids and rings, because they are made from a different type of plastic - PVC, which must be recycled separately.

Of course, at subsequent stages of processing they can be removed, but then it will not be so easy to compress them; you will need a special spiked press.

As an option, you can purchase a PET bottle piercer (puncher) as a separate unit.

Sorting

Not all plastic is the same, so the collected raw materials need to be sorted. Bottles are collected separately different colors:

colorless,
green,
blue,
brown.

Less suitable for bottle recycling like this:

Red,
from under the oil
from dairy products,
packaging for household chemicals.

This processing step is very important because it greatly affects the quality of the final product.

It is important to select only PET type plastic, excluding all other types.

There are special types of equipment that allow perform this sorting automatically, but if there is a cheap one work force, this can be done manually.

Cleaning

Sorted bottles must be thoroughly washed to remove labels, remaining contents, dust, dirt, and glue. Washing is simple hot water with caustic soda. The caps are unscrewed or cut off from the bottles if this has not been done previously.

For better cleaning from the inside bottles need to be crushed.

Splitting up

Well-washed PET is converted into special crushers flex– multi-colored flakes measuring 12-20 mm.

There are production lines that combine washing and crushing, which improves the quality of the finished product.

At the same stage, you can automatically sort the material by color, if this has not been done before.

Sorting PET by color is very important because Prices for plastic of different colors differ. Brown flakes are the highest quality, but the cheapest, as they cannot be repainted. Their purchase price is approximately $600 per ton. Next comes green and blue flex. Transparent is the most expensive, up to $800 per ton.

After washing, the flex is thoroughly dried in a centrifuge and dryer.

Unloading and packaging

Flex is an intermediate product in the PET bottles processing line, although many sell it as a finished product.

Clean and dry flakes are unloaded from the drying chamber hopper and packaged in big bags or plastic bags, usually 30 kg each.

The finished flex can already be sold to manufacturers, or you can still work on it and get a more expensive product - granules.

Agglomeration

This is the process of flex sintering. It is crushed with rotating knives at a temperature of 100 degrees, resulting in small lumps of 2-15 mm. These lumps are sent for the final operation - granulation.

Granulation

The crushed mass turns into granules of the same size and weight. Next is the mixture:

heats up to 280 degrees,
stretched into fibers
cut into identical granules.

At this stage you can use extruder.
In this case the mixture:

melts,
mixed,
is drawn into fibers.

Received fibers:

cut into pieces of the required length,
cool in cold water.

From such material already can be produced:

sewer pipes,
sheath for electrical wires,
mesh
and much more.

Granular plastic is already finished raw materials for packaging manufacturers and themselves wide range products - from basins to clothes.

Demand in the market

Recycled PET granulate is in wide demand in production:

preforms for plastic bottles;
thick film;
binding twine;
polyester for the textile industry;
tiles;
Euro pallets;
paving slabs;
abrasive wheels;
components for the automotive industry (engine covers, panels, bumpers, doors) and much more.

Recycling plastic bottles can be very profitable if the process is properly organized. Raw materials are cheap and available, and the final product widely in demand.

The same material can be recycled more than once.

Prospects

In Russia, such production is still poorly developed, which means competition is still minimal. But in many countries, plastic has long been no longer found in landfills. This type of recycling allows you to:

limit oil consumption,
reduce pollution environment,
reduce prices for PET products.

The time is not far off when there will be a serious struggle for access to landfills.

In contact with

Plastic collection
Tax system
- - - Similar business ideas:

Plastic waste recycling - mega current idea V modern business. The number of goods and products that use plastic for packaging and containers is constantly growing. As a container, plastic is very advantageous compared to other materials, and this is the reason for its popularity. Meanwhile, from an environmental point of view, this is not the most “useful” material. Plastic does not decompose on its own, but when burned it releases harmful substances into the atmosphere. Therefore, its disposal is possible only at specially prepared sites...

Plastic collection

Collecting raw materials is precisely the stumbling block that confuses many investors. Unlike Europe, where plastic waste Residents have long been throwing them away in separate containers; this practice is not taking root well in our country. Well, our people don’t like to bother themselves with environmental problems when there are enough household ones. Therefore, installing special prefabricated containers for plastic in the courtyards of high-rise buildings is an extremely dubious idea. There are other ways to obtain raw materials. One of the most realistic ones is the purchase of pressed recycled plastic. There are enterprises that specialize exclusively in collecting and pressing plastic bottles. There are such organizations in any large city. One kilogram of pressed PET costs about 15 rubles. The only difficulty here is to organize the transportation of pressed PET, because the volume is very large. And not every small enterprise is ready to provide large volumes and its own transport.

Plastic recycling technology

Plastic recycling is a process carried out in several stages: first, the plastic is washed and dried, then cut, and the last stage is the direct production of recycled material, plastic granules. Processing into granules is carried out in extruder presses, and the output is granular material - flex.

Recycled granules, which are obtained as a result of plastic recycling, are in high demand. This is exactly the case when demand actually exceeds supply. Our processing enterprises cannot meet the needs of the domestic market of the Russian Federation, so many enterprises purchase pellets from China. For this reason, due to the growth of the dollar in last years The price of granules has risen sharply.

The granule is obtained from recycled waste, which at the first stage of processing is called flex (white multi-colored fluffy flakes). The granulate is then used to produce well-known plastic products: PET, barrels, canisters, bottles household chemicals, boxes, containers, plastic film. Raw materials are also used for the production of insulation for clothing, filling for soft toys and sleeping bags, for bandage tape and car upholstery. The scope of application of recycled plastic is so wide that in principle there should be no doubt about the sale of these products.

Choosing a place to recycle plastic

Selecting a production site is not an easy task. According to the law, such objects must be located at a respectful distance from residential buildings, at least 500 - 1000 m. You can look for suitable premises in the industrial zone of the city, where rental rates are not so high. The area of the object must be at least 700 square meters. m., since it is necessary to allocate space not only for the production workshop, but also for the premises for receiving raw materials, as well as for the warehouse of finished products. As for the engineering requirements, they are not so high. You can do without hot and cold water supply (use autonomous sources), without any “frills” in the design of the room. The main thing is to have sufficient electrical power for operation of the main equipment.

How much can you earn from recycling plastic?

So, a kilogram of plastic granulate costs about 80 rubles. For understanding, one 1.5 liter plastic bottle. weighs approximately 40 grams. That is, 25 recycled bottles will bring us 80 rubles. (revenue, of course), 25,000 bottles will already bring 80,000 rubles. Don’t forget that in addition to bottles, there are also heavier objects, such as cans, plastic barrels, etc. Their weight is more than 1 kg, and they are also available for next to nothing.

What equipment to choose for plastic processing

The list of equipment entirely depends on the technological length of the processing cycle. What do we mean? For example, PET waste can be purchased either cleaned or not cleaned (in fact, in its original form). In the latter case, you will have to additionally purchase equipment for washing waste, which will naturally increase the initial investment, but in the future will allow you to obtain products with a lower (and, therefore, more competitive) price. The line may include the following components:

Equipment for receiving, storing and transporting raw materials (pneumatic transport)
Grinding equipment (knife, hammer, impact crushers)
Mixing equipment (mixers)
Extruders
Calenders
Injection molding machines
Presses

It is difficult to say exactly how much the production line will cost. As noted above. A lot depends on the configuration, production goals and the country of the equipment manufacturer. One thing is for sure - it won’t be limited to $100 thousand. Perhaps that is why there are not so many similar enterprises in our country yet.

Key issues in organizing a plastic processing business

The organization of this area of commercial activity must begin with a study of the market situation. You must find out which enterprises in your region will buy ready-made pellets, whether there is a free niche in this market, and also calculate how much you can reduce the wholesale cost of finished products in order to create your customer base. If you have found out that this area of commercial activity has real prospects for development, then you can begin to address the following issues:

collecting information and preparing a business plan, but for this you need to decide on the method of obtaining raw materials (organize the work of plastic collection points or sign a contract with a company that produces pressed recyclable materials);
business registration with the Federal Tax Service, social funds and statistical authorities;
resolving all legal issues;
searching for premises for a workshop, as well as signing contracts with suppliers of raw materials/consumables and buyers of finished products;
formation of staff;
purchase of equipment, tools, etc.

Additional problems may arise during the implementation of the presented plan, but they rarely disrupt the proven algorithm for creating a profitable plastic recycling enterprise.

Financial aspect of business organization

If you plan to create a serious, profitable company, you will need a decent sum of money. The most expensive item of expenditure is the purchase of high-performance equipment ($70-150 thousand), followed by the following costs:

rental of premises;
repairs in the workshop, warehouses and office, taking into account the requirements of the fire inspection and Rospotrebnazor;
preparation of documentation and business registration.

In addition, do not forget that after the start of activity, it will take 1-5 months until the company reaches the level of self-sufficiency. These expenses must be financed from our own sources. If you count all the listed costs, you get an amount of 80-170 thousand dollars.

List of required documents

In addition to certificates of registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC with the Federal Tax Service, Pension Fund, etc., you must have the following documents:

permits from Rospotrebnadzor and fire inspection;
premises rental agreements;
staff contracts;
papers confirming product quality.

In addition, the activities of your company will be constantly monitored by environmentalists to eliminate the possibility of environmental pollution. Important point! Be sure to remember or save your activity code in a safe place. In this case, it is OKVED 38.32.53.

Tax system

Entrepreneurs who process plastic mainly choose a simplified tax regime. It allows you to prepare declarations to the Federal Tax Service without the appropriate education, and gives you the opportunity to choose the method of calculating taxes. You can pay 6% of revenue or 15% of profit.

I don’t know about you, but in our city and surrounding areas a year ago there was serious problem– there were empty plastic bottles, cups, etc. lying everywhere. What especially bothered me was that everything surrounding forests with picnic areas were essentially turned into plastic garbage bins - it was disgusting to go out into nature.

When I was really fed up, I rummaged through the directory and found a company called “Plastik” in the region. I called and asked if they needed plastic recyclables. “It’s necessary,” they answer. “Then why don’t you collect the plastic that’s lying around under your feet?” “So you collect it, deliver it, we’ll buy it,” they answered there, as if in jest.

Okay, I go to the housing office, negotiate with the boss (for whom, as it turned out, the garbage in the form of plastic scattered everywhere was a terrible meningitis and a constant “sticking from above”), he gives the craftsman and the material. We cook the cage: the frame is a square, the walls are thin steel wire. on top - the same wire, but with cells bigger size– bottles are thrown there, etc. We paint the cage and place it near the trash can in a “passage” place near the school. To start, we throw in a couple of plastic bottles.

I arrive in the evening... In general, the effect exceeded all expectations. Not only is the 2 m high container cage filled to the brim, but there are also a lot of bottles around (as it turned out later, the younger students were playing “basketball” and cleaned up all the surroundings of the school, especially the sports ground!). When the housing officer saw this, he almost fell.

The very next day he reported about this “phenomenon” to the city council, where on the same day they gave the green light to a new line of business. Now plastic containers are placed near all garbage bins. They fill up on average within a week, and in crowded places - within 2-3 days. The city has clearly become cleaner. Now it’s the turn of the surroundings.

The essence of the phenomenon, in my opinion, is this. Initially the cells were “transparent”. But when there were a lot of cells, the problem of loading the contents arose. To prevent this process from taking up extra time, synthetic bags began to be inserted into the cells. So here it is. The cages with bags filled very slowly, and the “transparent” one next to them filled very quickly. When this pattern was noticed, the bags were removed. That is, people see something empty and subconsciously try to fill it - apparently, this gives them some kind of inner satisfaction.

Another problem is how to export this “good”? It is light, but very voluminous! The solution is simple - a container receiver with a thermal press is installed on an ordinary bead. Now one bead is enough for the whole city - a full container is recycled into a small cube in 5-6 minutes. just in time for the bus to reach the next garbage bin.

This is the idea - cleanliness and money at the same time. Of course, the idea is not for home business, but even one enterprising person can cover a city where this has not yet been implemented. I would like to note that in our city this person was not me - the idea was “intercepted”, but I don’t regret it - everything around me has become cleaner.

N.F. I scoured the Internet and found information that large processors of plastic containers can buy it at a price of 1-10 rubles per kilogram (depending on color and purity) - uni-pet.ru/pokupka_othodov_pet.

Here is another useful link for those who are planning to organize a similar business in Russia - greenmob.ru/ideas/169 (there, in the discussion of the topic “Purchasing recyclable materials”, the coordinates of processing plants in Moscow are given, and also attached is a map of collection points for recyclable materials in some Russian cities-greenmob.ru/services/maps?city=4400).

Store shelves are literally bursting with plastic bottles. Milk, water, beer, shampoo, car oils - everything is packaged in plastic. Convenient and cheap plastic container may well be environmentally friendly, because plastic can be recycled multiple times. But, unfortunately, it is more profitable for a manufacturer to process oil than to collect garbage. However, recycling is gaining momentum in many countries.

The technology for recycling plastic is quite simple at first glance. Used bottles and other products are sorted by type of material, crushed, melted and produced from the melt into granules suitable for reuse as raw materials for the manufacture of the same container. But in practice, this process is full of holes. All sellers want to sell the product to the buyer, but not everyone wants to collect the waste left over from the used product. If everything is more or less clear with plastic recycling, then its collection even in many developed countries remains, to put it mildly, an “unresolved issue.”

It is obvious that enthusiasts, of whom there are more and more, are not able to collect and process the entire wave of plastic waste into useful trinkets, no matter how much they want. Without the intervention of influential market players, most plastic waste will continue to be disposed of in landfills and pollute the environment.

The collection of plastic waste is stalling for two simple and understandable reasons. The first is the indifference of consumers to environmental problems. For example, a recent British study found that 60% of people are not at all interested in the fate of plastic waste, or how destructive it is to the environment.

The second reason is the lack of material incentives. The average consumer is not such a fool as some at the top of the social pyramid believe. He, the consumer, understands perfectly well that the cleanliness of the environment depends on his actions, but he also knows that plastic waste is a valuable raw material, from the processing of which someone makes money.

Since the amount of smog bursting into the open window of the average city dweller at a particular point in time does not depend on the number of collected plastic bottles, then everyone’s personal responsibility for nature conservation and environmental protection is relegated to the background, while working “for the uncle” is not for the average person to receive at least some tangible benefit for this is simply “a toad strangling.”

For example, in the courtyards of the Belarusian capital a couple of years ago multi-colored containers for separate collection plastic and glass. This exciting event was preceded by several years, during which glass collection points disappeared almost completely, and stores stopped accepting bottles in any form and under any pretext.

It would seem that the conscious population, to whom numerous billboards clearly explain the importance of the campaign, should unanimously rush to fill colorful containers with raw materials for recycling. But in reality, business organizers are groaning. Containers are filled most often with just anything. The organizers unanimously blame the “conscious population” for lack of consciousness, however, they do not even mention any material incentives.

The process of collecting plastic bottles in Germany is organized completely differently. When selling water in a plastic bottle, each buyer pays the cost of the container (or some part, I don’t know exactly), “built into” the price. But at the same time, many stores have collection machines where you can return empty plastic bottles without restrictions on quantity and receive a receipt for them, which the store cashier will accept along with euros and cents when paying for the purchase.

There is one “but”: in German stores Only plastic bottles are accepted German made. It should also be noted that this is an effective incentive for nurturing the patriotic feelings of buyers.

Several years ago, German newspapers wrote about small-time scammers from Poland who collected a truckload of empty plastic bottles of unknown origin, falsified the labeling and drove around to retail outlets, handing over the criminal goods in parts. Vigilant citizens of the federal republic nipped the scam in the bud by calling the police, who detained the Poles and confiscated a truck loaded with plastic waste.

A similar system operates in Holland, where for every locally produced plastic bottle returned, the consumer receives a check-deposit of 25 euro cents.

Recently, as reported Telegraaf, the old story with the Poles in Germany was repeated in The Hague, where a Bulgarian couple with a child were detained for trying to hand over 1,300 empty plastic bottles brought from Bulgaria, packed in five large bags, at an automatic collection point.

The Dutch turned out to be no less vigilant than their German neighbors, and they also called the police. She found out that the Bulgarian couple had already performed a similar trick before. The scammers were fined 350 euros and had their deposits taken away.

The earth is ours common Home, but, alas, everyone spends their own money to keep it clean...