How to make a footnote to an article. Rules for formatting bibliographic references and references

Dear teachers, graduate students, applicants and students! In the scientific and technical library of the university you can get advice on compiling bibliographic lists for scientific works in accordance with GOST 7.1-2003. Contact the NTB auditorium. 153 a.

Registration of bibliographic references (citations)
(according to GOST R 7.0.5 - 2008 “Bibliographic reference”)

• citation;
• borrowing provisions, formulas, tables, illustrations;
• the need to refer to another publication where the issue is more fully presented;
• analysis of published works.

If the text is cited not from the original source, but from another publication or from another document, then the link should begin with the words “Quoted from”; "Quoted from the book"; "Quoted according to Art."

If necessary, it is necessary to emphasize that the source to which reference is made is only one of many, where the position of the main text is confirmed (expressed, illustrated), then in such cases the words “See, for example”, “See, in particular” are used. .

Additional literature that needs to be shown is provided by the "See also" link. The reference given for comparison is explained by the abbreviation “Avg.” If the work indicated in the link covers the subject touched upon in the main text in more detail, write “For more details, see.”

for the entire source, for example:
A. Powell’s article “Falling into the Abyss” aroused great interest among Americans. for the Gap // Reason. 1999. N. 11, Nov. P. 36-47.), in which he outlined in sufficient detail the essence of the problem of information inequality.

a link to the source number in the list of references and the page number from which the quotation was taken, for example:
The most successful, from the author’s point of view, is the definition of the scientific team of the Development Institute information society, which defines the “digital divide” as “ new look social differentiation arising from different possibilities for using the latest information and telecommunication technologies" (5, p. 43).

Subscript links- these are links located at the bottom of the page, under the lines of the main text in the drawn footer. To connect subscript links with the text of the document, use a footnote sign, which is given in the form of numbers (ordinal numbers), asterisks, letters, and other characters, and is placed on the top line of the font.

When numbering interlinear letters, a uniform order is used for the entire document: continuous numbering throughout the entire text, within each chapter, section or given page of the document.

Only the aesthetic dimension, according to Marcuse, still retains freedom of expression, allowing the writer and artist to call people and things by their proper names, that is, to give a name to something that cannot be called in any other way. “The protest against the unclear, hidden, metaphysical nature of the universals of the technogenic world, the insistent demand for the familiar and safe reliability of common and scientific sense still reveal something of that primitive anxiety, which precisely guided the philosophical thought recorded in written sources in its evolution from religion to mythology and from mythology to logic, and security and safety still form the most important part of the intellectual baggage of mankind.”

Beyond text links- this is an indication of the sources of quotes with a reference to the numbered list of references placed at the end of the work. The set of extra-text bibliographic references (b/s) (references) is drawn up as a list of bibliographic records placed after the text of the document or its component part. An off-text link is visually separated from the document text. The serial number of a bibliographic record in a post-text reference is indicated in the callout sign on the top line of the font or in the reference, which is given in square brackets in the line with the text of the document.

For example: in the text.

"By studying this issue scientists such as A.I. Prigozhin, L.Ya. Kols, Yu.N. Frolov and many others studied

25. Prigozhin, A. I. Innovators as a social category // Methods for activating innovation processes. M., 1998. P. 4-12.

26. Kols, L. Ya. Social mechanism of innovation processes. Novosibirsk, 1989. 215 p.

For example: in the text:

10. Berdyaev, N. A. The meaning of history. M.: Mysl, 1990. 175 p.

in the text:

[Bakhtin, 2003, p. 18]

Bakhtin, M. M. Formal method in literary criticism: a critical introduction to social poetics. M.: Labyrinth, 2003. 192 p.

You need to know that the set of extra-text bibliographic references is not a bibliographic list of references, usually placed after the text of the document. The bibliography is an independent reference apparatus. The list of extra-text links is compiled separately.

As can be seen from research recent years(12; 34; 52. P. 14-19; 64. P. 21-23).

If there is a need to refer to an opinion shared by a number of authors, or argued in several works by the same author, then you should note all the serial numbers of the sources, which are separated by a semicolon. For example:

1. The text of the quotation is enclosed in quotation marks and is given in the grammatical form in which it is given in the source, preserving the peculiarities of the author’s writing.

2. Quoting must be complete, without arbitrary abbreviation of the quoted text and without distortion of the author’s thoughts. Omission of words, sentences, paragraphs when quoting is allowed without distortion of the quoted text and is indicated by an ellipsis. It is placed anywhere in the quotation (at the beginning, in the middle, at the end). If there is a punctuation mark before or after the omitted text, it is not saved.

3. When quoting, each quotation must be accompanied by a link to the source.

4. When quoting indirectly (when paraphrasing, when presenting the thoughts of other authors in your own words), which provides significant savings in the text, you should be extremely accurate in presenting the author’s thoughts and correct when assessing what is being stated, and provide appropriate references to the source. However, such citations should not be abused.

5. Quoting should be neither excessive nor insufficient, since both reduce the level scientific work.

7. If the author of a scientific work, giving a quotation, highlights some words in it, he must specifically stipulate this, i.e. after the explanatory text there is a dot, then the initials of the author of the scientific work are indicated, and the entire text is enclosed in parentheses.

The options for such clauses are the following: (our discharge - A. A.); (underlined by me. - A. A.); (our italics - A.A.).

When formatting quotations, you should know the rules associated with writing capital and lowercase letters, as well as the use of punctuation marks in quoted texts.

If a quotation reproduces the entire sentence of the quoted text, then it begins with a capital letter in all cases except one - when the quotation is part of a sentence by the author of the work.

If the quotation reproduces only part of the sentence of the quoted text, then after the opening quotation marks they are placed. There are two options for formatting quotes here. First option: the quotation begins with a capital letter if the quoted text comes after a period, for example:

Serge Tubiana noted: “Deleuze was a true cinephile. In the strict sense of the word... He understood earlier and better than us that in a sense, society itself is cinema.”

Second option: the quotation begins with a lowercase letter if the quotation is not completely inserted into the middle of the author’s sentence (the first words are omitted), for example:

When visiting the Presidential Library, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev demanded “... the speed of entry to the library website should be adjusted so that even a reader from Kamchatka can instantly gain access, and not wait for hours.”

A lowercase letter is also used when the quotation is organically part of the sentence, regardless of how it began in the source, for example:

Deleuze attributed an unusually high theoretical status to cinema, saying that “since philosophy, after its death, is scattered throughout the entire space of culture, why not find it in cinema?”

References in the text to the number of a figure, table, page, chapter are written abbreviated and without the “No” sign, for example: fig. 3, table. 1, p. 34, ch. 2. If the specified words are not accompanied by a serial number, then they should be written in full in the text, without abbreviations, for example: “from the figure it is clear that...”, “the table shows that...”, etc.

The link sign, if the note refers to a single word, should appear directly at this word, but if it refers to a sentence (or group of sentences), then at the end. In relation to punctuation marks, a footnote mark is placed before them (with the exception of question and exclamation marks and ellipses).

Registration of the results of educational and scientific work

Registration of the results of educational and scientific work (abstract, course work, thesis, scientific article, report, dissertation) is one of the most important stages research and creative work. This stage of work (preparation of the bibliographic part of the manuscript) includes:

use of quotations and references;

preparation of a list of references;

bibliographic description of the documents in this list.

Work with the manuscript is based on normative and regulatory documents (GOSTs), which determine the formal requirements for a scientific manuscript and technical document. The system of standards for information, library and publishing (SIBID) is a system of general technical, organizational and methodological documents. All standards developed in the field of information, librarianship, bibliographic activities and publishing are united under the general heading “System of standards for information, library and publishing”.

To prepare primary documents, the following are used:

GOST 7.32-2001.Report on scientific research work. Structure and design rules.

In addition to the general requirements for scientific manuscripts, there are special requirements for certain types of documents. These standard documents are combined into series - the Unified Series of Design Documentation (ESKD) and the Unified Series of Technological Documentation (ESTD).

ESKD is represented (including) by the following standards:

GOST 2.104-68 ESKD. Basic signatures.

GOST 2.105-95 ESKD. General requirements to text documents.

GOST 2.106-96 ESKD. Text documents.

GOST 2.109-73 ESKD. Basic requirements for drawings.

GOST 2.702-75 ESKD. Rules for the execution of electrical circuits.

GOST 2.721-74 ESKD. Conventional graphic symbols in diagrams. Designations for general use.

ESTD includes:

GOST 3.1001-81 (Art. SEV 875-78) ESTD. General provisions.

GOST 3.1102-81 (Article CMEA 1799-79) ESTD. Stages of development and types of documents.

The preparation of secondary documents is based on:

GOST 7.9-95 (ISO 214-76). Abstract and annotation. General requirements.

GOST 7.1-2003. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules.

GOST 7.82-2001. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources: General requirements and rules of compilation.

GOST R 7.0.12-2011. Bibliographic record. Abbreviation of words and phrases in Russian. General requirements and rules.

Registration of the list of references

The bibliography is an organic part of any scientific work. The list includes works cited in this work, reviewed works, and archival material related to the topic. Options for placing literature in the list:

• alphabetical;
• by document type;
• systematic;
• as used (by chapters and sections);
• chronological, etc.

The arrangement of material in the lists is either determined by the author, or the author coordinates it with the rules adopted in a given organization, journal, dissertation defense council, etc. In any case, within sections, information about sources is located in the alphabet of the bibliographic description (author or title).

The alphabetical arrangement of sources means that a strict verbal alphabet of headings of the bibliographic description (authors or titles) is maintained. This method of arranging records is similar to the arrangement of cards in the alphabetical catalog of libraries. Separately, an alphabetical series is built in Cyrillic (Russian, Bulgarian, etc.) and a series in languages ​​with Latin spelling letters (English, French, German, etc.).

When arranged by document type, the material in the bibliography is arranged first by publication type: books, articles, official documents, standards, etc.

Systematic arrangement means dividing the list into sections according to the system of science or branch. In this case, well-known classification systems, for example library ones, can be taken as a basis. In this case, the list resembles sections of a systematic library catalog.

Arrangement as used (by chapters and sections). The simple structure of such a list is inconvenient due to the fact that it is difficult to navigate and search for the desired source. This method is most often used in small articles (reports), where the list of sources used is small. If the structure of such a list is complicated by the fact that separate sublists are allocated to sections or chapters, then it is easier to search for the desired publication in the list. Most often, this method is used in large scientific publications - monographs. However, there is a certain inconvenience, which is that the same source used in several sections will be included in the list several times.

The chronological arrangement of material is most often used in works historical nature, where it is important to show periods and pay attention to what time a particular source was published.

The arrangement of the material is dictated by the types of publications, the descriptions of which are included in the bibliography (for example, if the list contains standard documents, then it is more convenient to arrange them in ascending numbers - in numerical order, etc.). The basis of the list of sources (literature) is the bibliographic description of the publication, which allows you to build the list in one logic or another.

Abbreviation of words and phrases

On September 1, 2012, GOST R 7.0.12-2011 “Bibliographic record” came into force. Abbreviation of words and phrases in Russian. General requirements and rules." It was developed to replace GOST 7.12 - 93 with the same name. This standard regulates the use of abbreviations in records for all types of documents and defines new conditions for the use of word abbreviations in elements of a bibliographic description.

This standard was developed to establish the basic rules for abbreviating words in Russian in bibliographic records for all types of documents. It defines the rules for abbreviating words frequently found in bibliographic records and establishes a unified method for abbreviating words when various options reading its abbreviation. New abbreviations individual words and phrases in Russian were developed in accordance with the modern practice of the country's leading libraries.

The standard applies to bibliographic records and bibliographic references prepared by libraries, state bibliography centers, scientific and technical information bodies, publishers and bookselling organizations.

One of the innovations of GOST is the restriction on the use of abbreviations:

1. do not abbreviate words or phrases if, when decoding the abbreviation, a different understanding of the text of the bibliographic record is possible

2. do not abbreviate words and phrases included in the main, parallel, other and alternative titles

3.do not abbreviate the words and phrases included in the information related to the title, indicating the name of the publisher when preparing bibliographic records for publications of the state bibliography, catalogs and card files, and the layout of an annotated card.

For example:

Ikonnikova, G. I. History of philosophy of the 19th - early 20th centuries: a textbook for universities of non-philosophical specialties / G. I. Ikonnikova, N. I. Ikonnikova. - Moscow: University textbook: INFRA-M, 2011. -303, ; 22 cm. - Bibliography. at the end of ch. —1000 copies —ISBN 978-59558-0201-5 (University studies) (in translation). —ISBN 978-5-16-004820-8 (INFRA-M).

Exception from of this rule- it is permitted to abbreviate words and phrases in information related to the title when compiling a bibliographic entry for reference lists, in bibliographic aids that are not related to state bibliographic indexes, for bibliographic references.

New in GOST is the abbreviation of the place of publication, which is now recommended to be abbreviated only for bibliographic references (Moscow - M.; St. Petersburg - St. Petersburg, etc.).

EXAMPLES OF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION

Novikova, A. M. Universal economic dictionary / A. M. Novikova, N. E. Novikov, K. A. Pogosov. - Moscow: Economics, 1995. - 135 p.

Religions of the world: a manual for teachers / Ya. N. Shapov [and others]. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1996. - 496 p.

Collection of problems in physics: textbook. manual for universities / ed. S. M. Pavlova. - 2nd ed., additional - Moscow: Higher School, 1995. - 347 p.

Multi-volume editions.

The publication as a whole.

Book of books: bibliographic manual: in 3 volumes - Moscow: Book, 1990.

Separate volume.

A book about books: bibliographical guide: in 3 volumes - Moscow: Book, 1990. - T. 1. - 407 p.

Educational and methodological manual

Water supply and sanitation of residential and public buildings: example of calculation: educational method. manual for issue well. project for students specialist. 290700 / G. F. Bogatov. - Kaliningrad: Publishing house KSTU, 1997. - 40 s.

Network resources

Researched in Russia [Electronic resource]: multi-subject. scientific magazine / Moscow Phys.-Techn. int. - Access mode: http: // zhurnal.mipt.rssi.ru.

DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENT PART OF THE DOCUMENT.

Article from the book.

Tkach, M. M. Technological preparation of flexible production systems / M. M. Tkach // Flexible automated production systems / ed. L. S. Yampolsky. - Kyiv, 1995. - P. 42-78.

Article from a magazine.

Volberg, D. B. Main trends in the development of the world energy industry / D. B. Volberg // Thermal power engineering. - 1996. - No. 5. - P. 5-12.

Newspaper article.

Budilovsky, G. Human health is the basis of policy / G. Budilovsky // Kaliningradskaya Pravda. - 1997. - January 28. - P. 8.

An article from a collection of works.

Minko, A. A. Methodology for determining the sealing force in the end precision connectors of fuel injection pumps / A. A. Minko // Operation of ships power plants, systems and equipment for agricultural production: collection. scientific tr. / KSTU. - Kaliningrad: Publishing house KSTU, 1994. - P. 57-61.

The rules for creating a bibliography are simple. and comply with GOST R 7.0.5-2008 and GOST 7.82-2001.

If there is no bibliography, then when uploaded to the RSCI and other services, the article is automatically marked as unscientific and falls into the “Uncertain” (UNK) category.

Formatting links within text

1. footnote to one literary source without specifying pages: .
2. footnote to one literary source indicating pages: .
3. footnotes to several literary sources indicating pages: .

Registration of the list of references

1. Book

Berdyaev N.A. The meaning of the story. M.: Mysl, 1990. 175 p.

2. Articles from magazines and newspapers

Reutin M.Yu. German mysticism of the Middle Ages. Life in Christ as a performative practice // Questions of Philosophy. 2014. No. 9. pp. 121–133.

3. Conference materials and collections

Shevchenko V. N. Triangulations of convex polyhedra and their implementation f-vectors // Discrete optimization and operations research: int. conf. (Altai, June 27 – July 3, 2010). Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Institute of Mathematics, 2010. pp. 75–81.

Kireeva Zh.I. The study of domestic historiography in pre-revolutionary Russia.: Diss. ...cand. history Sci. Novocherkassk, 1989. 146 p.

Electronic resources (Internet)

A. [Electronic resource]: description of the electronic resource and document

B. URL (web page address).

B. Date of access to the document.

Berdyaev N.A. The meaning of the story. [Electronic resource]: Yakov Krotov Library. URL: (access date: 02/18/2014).

Reutin M.Yu. German mysticism of the Middle Ages. Life in Christ as a performative practice. [Electronic resource]: Questions of Philosophy, 2014. No. 9. Access mode: . (access date: 10/15/2014).

An example of a link to our magazine

Ivanov, A.A. Article title // Problems modern science and education/Problems of modern science and education. 2011. No. 7. P. 22 -28.

Ivanov, A.A. Article title / A.A. Ivanov, K.K. Petrov // Problems of modern science and education. 2011. No. 7. P. 22 -28.

Please note that the previously used GOST 7.1-84 is outdated and is not currently applied. You need to use the following document:
Bibliographic link. General rules and drafting requirements

After completing the article, you must download the application, which is sent to the Editorial Office along with the article.

Rarely do any authors (not only students, but also beginning graduate students and applicants) format footnotes correctly, i.e., in accordance with the GTS. Even different editors often have different requirements for this, since there are variations.
It should be noted that the design of footnotes, in contrast to the design of a list of references (bibliographic description of sources), is carried out in accordance with GOST 7.1-84 “Bibliographic description of a document. General requirements and drafting rules,” that is, somewhat simplified. Further attention should be paid to this circumstance.

We can recommend the researcher (author) a simple way out of this situation: look at scientific publications (especially in legal periodicals) and pay attention to how page-by-page footnotes are formatted in scientific publications - monographs, articles, etc.

There are these rules:

1. If a researcher refers to someone’s work without citing it, then in the footnote it should be put See: – See: Dolgova A.I. Crime, its organization and criminal society. – M., 2003. – P. 142 – 145.

2. If a quotation is given, then See: not included, bibliographic data of the source is immediately provided: Bezmenov A. Ramzan Kadyrov promises to capture Basayev and Maskhadov // Russian newspaper. – 2005. – March 3.

3. When indicating the place of publication, the number of the periodical, the page to which the link follows,
a) you can put a dash, for example: See: Izvestia. RU. – 2005. – March 24.
b) you don’t have to do this; for example: See: Izvestia. RU. 2005. March 24.
However, this requirement must be observed throughout the text.

4. If the citation is not made from the original source, then before the description you should indicate: Quote. from: For example, in the book by Ya.I. Gilinsky is quoted from the work of D.A. Dril "Criminal Man" (1882). The original source is not available to me, but the quote is very appropriate. And I refer to Dril, I use his statement, but at the same time I refer to Ya.I. Gilinsky: Quoted. from: Gilinsky Ya. Criminology. Course of lectures. St. Petersburg, 2002. P. 145.
5. It is important to remember the difference between the signs “-” (dash) and “-” (hyphen). A hyphen is half as long as a dash and is placed exclusively inside difficult words, attributes of documents (criminal law, theoretical and applied, No. 144-FZ, etc.).
In all other cases, a dash is placed.

6. When referring to a book, you can indicate the publisher and number of pages. For example: Konev A.A. Types of “criminals” according to the works of F.M. Dostoevsky (socio-psychological and spiritual-moral portraits): Tutorial. Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing House of the Volga-Vyatka Academy of Public Administration, 2005. – 92 p.

But it is also allowed like this: Konev A.A. Types of “criminals” according to the works of F.M. Dostoevsky (socio-psychological and spiritual-moral portraits): Textbook. Nizhny Novgorod, 2005.

7. By the way, in references (and throughout the text) you should follow a simple rule for writing a surname with initials: the space is not placed between the initials, but is placed between the initials and the surname.
For example, you should write: A.A. Konev (spelling A.A. Konev will be incorrect).

Subtextual, or sublinear, which are located at the bottom of the page, under the text behind a horizontal line drawn at 1.5 intervals (samples are given below).

Intratext links are used in cases where information about the source being analyzed is an organic part of the main text. The description in such references is given in parentheses after the cited work. For example: The scientist emphasized that “in certain categories of degenerates and declassed people, crime is increasingly becoming their career” (G. Tarde. Criminal and crime. Translated by E.V. Vystavkina. Edited by M.N. Gernet and with a foreword by N .N. Polyansky. M., 1906. P. 263).

Beyond the text - in which the sources of quotations are indicated in the form of references to a numbered list of references placed at the end of the text (article, scientific, term paper or thesis), which are given in parentheses after the cited work; For example: The scientist emphasized that “in certain categories of degenerates and declassed people, crime is increasingly becoming their career” (37; 263).
That is, 37 is the serial number of the source in the numbered list of used literature: 37. Tarde G. Criminal and crime. Per. E.V. Exhibition. Ed. M.N. Gernet and with a preface. N.N. Polyansky. M., 1906.

1. Footnote to the normative act:

See: On operational investigative activities: Law Russian Federation dated August 12, 1995 No. 144-FZ // Collection. legislation of the Russian Federation. 1995. No. 33. Art. 3349.
Resolution Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the case of verifying the constitutionality of paragraph 3 of Article 1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of May 20, 1993 “On social protection citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the accident in 1957 at the Mayak production association and discharges radioactive waste into the Techa River" in connection with the complaint of citizen V.S. Kornilov dated March 11, 1996 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 1996. No. 14. Art. 1550.
On approval of the Instructions for organizing interaction between departments and services of internal affairs bodies in the investigation and detection of crimes: Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated June 20, 1996 No. 334 // Bulletin of Current Legislation. Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Vol. 16. 1996. Part 3.

2. Footnote to the book, multi-volume edition:

Giske A.V. Fighting crime in the internal security system Russian society: Monograph. M., 2001. S. 262 – 263.
Dal V. Dictionary of the living Great Russian language: In 4 volumes. T.1: A - Z. M., 1994. P. 668.

3. Footnote to the article:

a) in the newspaper: Borisov T. Suicide is a matter of technology // Russian newspaper. 2004. December 4;
b) in the journal: Igitova I.V. Mechanism for the implementation of the European Convention “On the Protection of Rights and Freedoms” // State and Law. 1997. No. 1. P. 76 – 82;
c) in the encyclopedia: Pavlenko S.Z. Security of culture // Russian criminological encyclopedia / Ed. ed. Doctor of Law, Prof., Convicted lawyer of the RSFSR, President of the Russian Criminological Association A.I. Debt. M., 2000. P. 67;
d) in the collection scientific works: Kleymenov M.P. Forecasting criminological security // Patterns of crime, struggle strategy and law / Ed. A. I. Dolgovoy. M., 2001. P.42;
e) in a collective monograph: Matuzov N.I. Law and personality // General theory of law. Course of lectures / Under general. ed. V.K. Babaeva. N. Novgorod, 1993. P. 222.
f) in the collective textbook: Dolgova A.I. Determination and causation of crime // Criminology: Textbook for law schools / Ed. ed. A.I. Debt. M., 1997. S. 179 – 316;

4. Footnote to the dissertation:

See: Shapiev S.M. Crime and society. Criminological theoretical and applied research: Thesis... Doctor of Law. Sci. St. Petersburg, 2000. P. 196.

Yaroshenko O.N. Murder: concept and qualification: Author's abstract. dis...cand. legal Sci. N. Novgorod. 2003. P. 15.

6. Above are examples of primary footnotes. But there is also a primary or repeated footnote (to the same source):

If the link is made again on one or the next page (shortly after the primary one, for example: Ter-Akopov A.A. Legal security of a person in the Russian Federation (Fundamentals of the concept) // State and Law. 2001. No. 9. P. 11 – 18), then the link is formatted as follows:
Ter-Akopov A.A. Decree. op. P. 9.
If the link is made for the third or fourth time, then it is written:
Right there. P. 10.
In more remote place of the same text or in the case of references to several works of the same author, the truncated title of the work is subsequently reproduced: Ter-Akopov A.A. Legal security of a person in the Russian Federation (Fundamentals of the concept). P.27.

Legislative materials

Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Extradition // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 2000. No. 23. Art. 2348.

UN Security Council Resolution 1368 of September 12, 2001 // Moscow Journal international law. 2002. No. 1. P. 17 – 20.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 1998. December 9, or: International instruments about human rights. Collection of documents. M., 1998. S. 39 – 43.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights: adopted and proclaimed by the General. UN Assembly 10 Dec. 1948 // Ross. gas. – 1998. – December 10. – P. 4.

Charter of the Commonwealth Independent States dated January 22, 1993 // Russian newspaper. 1993. February 12.

* * *
Constitution of the Russian Federation: adopted by popular vote on December 12. 1993 (taking into account the amendments introduced by the laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2008 No. 6-FKZ and dated December 30, 2008 No. 7-ARP) // Russian newspaper. – 2009. January 21, No. 7 (4831).

On the judicial system of the Russian Federation: federal. constitutional law. - Official ed. – M.: Legal. lit., 1997. – 21 p.
On federal target programs to improve the situation of children in the Russian Federation for 2001–2002: (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2000 No. 625). – M.: [b. i.], 2000. – p.
About education: federal. law. – M.: Infra-M, 2002. – 54 p. – ( Federal law; issue 28).
Regulations on the order of passage military service: Decree of the President of Russia. Federations: issues of military service. services: ed. decrees of the President of Russia. Federation from 15 Oct. 1999 No. 1366 (SZ RF, 1999, No. 42, Art. 5008); from 10 Apr. 2000 No. 653 (SZ RF, 2000, No. 16, Art. 1678); dated June 26, 2000 No. 1175 (SZ RF, 2000, No. 27, Art. 2819); from April 17 2003 No. 444 (SZ RF, 2003, No. 16, Art. 1508). – 4th ed. – M.: Os-89, 2004. – 79 p.
Federal Law “On Advocacy and the Bar in the Russian Federation”: comes into force on July 1, 2002 – St. Petersburg. : Peter, 2002. – 48 p.
Labor Code of the Russian Federation: federal. law of December 30 2001 No. 197-FZ. – M.: OTiSS, 2002. – 142 p.
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. – M.: Publishing house “Omega-L”, 2007. – 192 p.
Law of the Russian Federation of March 5, 1992 No. 2646-1 “On Security” (as amended by the Law of the Russian Federation of December 22, 1992 No. 4235-1, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 24, 1993 No. 2288 // Security of Russia. Fundamental state documents . Part 1. – M., 1998. pp. 117 - 121.

1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 10, 2000 No. 24 “On the Concept national security Russian Federation" // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 2000. January 18.
2. Determination of the judicial panel Supreme Court RF dated March 30, 1999 “On establishing the fact political repression in court” // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. 1999. No. 7. P. 3 – 4.
3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 15, 1999 No. 1040 “On measures to counter terrorism” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 1999. September 18.

II. BOOKS, ARTICLES (located in alphabetical order).
III. DISSERTATIONS (arranged in alphabetical order).
IV. ABSTRACTS (arranged in alphabetical order).
V. REFERENCE LITERATURE (dictionaries, reference books, etc.).
VI. SOURCES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES (in original language, in alphabetical order).
VII. Electronic edition.

When describing the work, it is necessary to be guided by certain
rules (bibliographic description can be found in any publication or on back side title page(2nd page, the number of which is not indicated). Suggested examples:

1. When bibliographically describing one author:

Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society. M., 2002. 238 p.
Options (depending on publisher's requirements).
Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society. M., 2002.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society. M.: Gardariki, 2002. 238 p.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society / V.N. Kudryavtsev. M., 2002. 238 p.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society / V.N. Kudryavtsev. M.: Gardariki, 2002. 238 p.

2. When bibliographically describing a publication by two or three authors (the name of the first of them is indicated):

Arefiev A.Yu. Determination of the state of crime and criminological forecasting / A.Yu. Arefiev, A.P. Volkov, A.A. Glukhova. Nizhny Novgorod, 1999.

3. When bibliographically describing a publication by four or more authors, all of them are indicated in alphabetical order after the main entry (title of the publication):

Crimes in the economic sphere (in definitions and diagrams): Textbook / I.N. Bokova, S.V. Izosimov, V.I. Kanygin, A.P. Kuznetsov // Under general. ed. A.P. Kuznetsova. N. Novgorod, 2004. 228 p.

4. When describing collections:

New criminal realities and responses to them / Ed. prof. A.I. Debt. M., 2005. 300 p.

5. When describing materials of conferences, congresses, symposia, round tables:

Current problems of ensuring personal and property security of the population at the municipal level: materials of the Round Table (December 2004) / Comp. S.L. Sibiryakov, A.I. Bortenev, Yu.M. Fetyukhin. Volgograd, 2005. 203 p.
Milestones of Russian-German relations: Materials of the International. scientific conf., Volgograd, May 24-27, 2001/Rus. state Volgograd University: Volgogr Publishing House. state Univ., 2001. 183 p.
8. When describing a multi-volume publication:
Alekseev S.S. General theory of law: in 2 volumes / S.S. Alekseev. M., 1999. T. 2. 347 p.

7. When describing a separate volume (issue) of an ongoing
collection:

Bulletin of Nizhny Novgorod University named after. N.I. Lobachevsky. Law Series. Issue 1(6). The idea of ​​constitutionalism in the Russian Federation and abroad and the practice of its implementation. N. Novgorod: UNN Publishing House, 2003. 265 p.

Modern political history Russia: 1985 - 1998 / Under general. ed. V.I. Zorkaltseva, A.I. Podberezkina. - 2nd ed., add. and processed - M.: RAU - Corporation, 2000. - T.2: Faces of Russia. - 961 p.

8. When describing a component part of a document - for example, a work from a collective publication (textbook, monograph, encyclopedia):
Starkov O.V. Penitentiary crime / O.V. Starkov // Criminology. Textbook for law schools / Ed. ed. doc. legal Sciences, Professor A.I. Debt. M., 1997. S. 647 – 726.
Gorshenkov G.N. Fundamentals of criminology of mass communications / G.N. Gorshenkov // Crime among social subsystems. New concept and branches of criminology / Ed. doc. legal Sciences, Professor D.A. Shestakova. St. Petersburg, 2003. P. 117 – 185.
Zhilinsky S.E. Legal culture / S.E. Zhilinsky // Russian criminological encyclopedia / Ed. ed. doc. legal Sciences, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the RSFSR Yugoslavia, President of the Russian Criminological Association A.I. Debt. M., 2000. P. 508 511.
9. When describing the dissertation:

Kulakov A.F. Political crime: criminological and legal aspects: dis. ...cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08: protected 19.06.02: approved. 09.27.02 / Kulakov Alexander Feodosievich. Ryazan, 2002. 158 p. Bibliography: pp. 159–173.

Gazimzyanov R.R. Corruption crime in the Republic of Tatarstan at the turn of the century (criminological research): Abstract of thesis. dis...cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08 / R.R. Gazimzyanov. Nizhny Novgorod, 2005. 24 p.

11. Examples of bibliographic descriptions of electronic publications
on the Internet:

1. From Consultant Plus:
On amendments and additions to the Federal Law “On Veterans”: Feder. Law of the Russian Federation, November 27. 2002, No. 158-FZ // Consultant Plus Version Prof. [Electron. resource] / JSC "Consultant Plus". M., 2002.

Example. « ThOrnton SarAh. Club Cultures: Music, Media, and Subcultural Capital. Wesleyan University Press, 1996. – Next you need to indicate the pages of the book.”

Beyond text links

Beyond-text references show the sources of quotations with a reference to the list of references, but only numbered, which should be located at the end of the work. This type of expulsion is always visually separated from the text. You must also indicate the serial number of the bibliographic record in the off-text reference. Such a mark is presented in the form of a callout at the top of the font line, and it is made in square brackets in the line with the text of the work.

Example (in document).“Scientists such as A.I. Prigogine, L.Ya. Kolls, Yu.N. Frolov and many others studied this issue.”

25. Prigozhin, A. I. Innovators as a social category // Methods for activating innovative processes. M., 1998. P. 4-12.

26. Kols, L. Ya. Social mechanism of innovation processes. Novosibirsk, 1989. 215 p.

The entire list of non-textual b/s does not belong to the list of references. A list of all these links must be prepared separately.

How to make links to electronic sources?

Due to the development computer technology electronic publications have become an integral part of bibliographic lists and references. In July 2002, a new GOST 7.82-2001 was registered in the Russian Federation, providing all the norms and requirements for writing electronic publications and websites worldwide network. This GOST shows exactly how to draw up a b/s down to the sources of local and remote access. These are disks, floppy disks and ending with databases.

According to this resolution, there is now the following sequence of bibliographic descriptions:

• proper title [Joint designation of material]: / statement of responsibility;
• publication information/information, responsibilities related to publication, auxiliary knowledge about the publication;
• designation of the type of site (volume);
• characteristic designation of material and quantity physical units: other physical characteristics; size + information about shipping material;
• note;
• type number = Title proper: availability agreement and cost.

How to describe Internet sources?

Today it is no longer relevant to visit libraries, because all necessary information can be found on the Internet at social networks, on the YouTube channel and various websites, forums and blogs. However, we will now learn how to formalize such sources correctly.

When describing a news portal or a specific site that offers information in the form of media, you should show the name of the site and the date of publication, followed by a hyperlink in parentheses. When the written text is an interview, the nature of the material must be explained in square brackets.

Example. « Khitrov A.(2011) Optimistic Internet TV channel “Dozhd” [Conversation with the editor-in-chief of the TV channel M. Zygar] // Digital Icons. Vol. 6 (http://www.digitalicons.org/issue06/files/2012/01/6.6_Khitrov.pdf)

If you were describing videos from YouTube, then you need to show the name of the video, the author, and in square brackets - the nature of the material and only then the name of the site, date of publication and hyperlink.

Example.« SlOterdijks Peter. (2007) Theorie des Fundamentalismus [video recording of P. Sloterdijk’s lecture] // YouTube. January 28 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9BOYVE46Nw&feature=related).

However, if you found a source of information on the social networks “Facebook” and “Twitter”, “VKontakte”, then you should show the name of the author, date of publication and a hyperlink in brackets, but if the entry was taken from the “Notes” of the networks, then this is also necessary indicate.

Example.« Novikov Vadim. (2012) Facebook post: February 22 at 15:05 (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1370590051).”

It is these above recommendations that will help you prepare correctly and in accordance with all norms, requests and GOSTs a bibliographic reference and a description of all the sources from which you actually took the information to write your work, document and scientific work. All regulations must be followed exactly, otherwise the work will not comply with established GOSTs and state requirements.

IN different types Scientific research works (reports, abstracts, essays, dissertations, etc.) resort to citation. That's why correct design footnotes (according to GOST 2017, we analyze an example in this material) always remains a pressing issue.

This is a painstaking task, takes a lot of time and requires certain knowledge. Entrust its implementation to our experienced authors if you are not sure about something. With us - quickly and to the required standards!

Formatting footnotes according to GOST 2017 - example in diploma dissertations

The text of the dissertation may include:

• footnotes, marked with quotation marks and a reference index to the source with the exact output data;
• footnotes, retold in your own words (without quotes), but indexed, with an exact indication of the source.

In this type of work, footnotes are most often placed in square brackets. If bibliography compiled as references to sources appear in the text block, the surname and initials of the author and other output data are indicated in brackets. For example: “...in the work on the psychology of color it was noted...”. If information is used from sources with a large number pages, then in the inline footnote (aka link) you must accurately indicate the numbers of pages, tables, formulas, etc. from the source to which the link was given.

Formatting footnotes according to GOST 2017 - an example in dissertations

There are some differences in the formatting of references in an abstract and a dissertation. Thus, bibliographic references in the abstract are given in round brackets, indicating the author's name and the year of publication. For example: (Kononov, 2013).

In dissertations, footnotes are written in square brackets indicating serial number source in the list of references and the corresponding page. For example: .

Dissertation papers often use footnotes at the bottom of the same page where the cited information is provided. In this case, in footnotes to books or scientific articles published in collections of scientific works, periodicals, etc., the name of the author and the title of the work, place, name of the publication, year, issue number of the scientific collection or journal, page, page must be indicated. which the information provided is posted.

In the text of the work, a footnote is indicated by a superscript footnote (Word has this option). The footnotes themselves are located at the bottom of the page with a paragraph, separated to the left of the main text by a thin line, they use Times New Roman, font 10, single spacing, Arabic numerals. For each page there is a separate numbering of footnotes.

It is recommended to make footnotes in the main text to your own scientific publications (if any). When referring to sections, subsections, etc. indicate their numbers. In this case, you should write: “in section 2...”, “see 3.2”.

Formatting footnotes according to GOST 2017 - example text

Let's look at a few examples of footnote design.

Example #1:

• Yalbulganova D.S. Financial control: legal regulation. M., 2013. P. 83.
• Yalbulganova D.S. Decree. op. P. 90.
• Yalbulganova D.S. Right there. P. 90.

Thus, if the same work is cited in a row, use the words “Ibid.” (in the foreign version - “Ibid.”), “Decree. Op." (“Op. cit.” in foreign), which means “the said work.”