Indicate the source of information. Registration of the list of references

Digital ID doi

Electronic publications that have been assigned a digital object identifier (doi) by the international organization Digital Object Identifier are described similarly to printed publications, indicating doi without a period after it. In this case, the URL is not provided because doi allows an object to be uniquely identified in databases, unlike a network address, which can change.

Evans A.V. Imagination is a trend // Journal of biosocial science. 2010. Vol. 39. P. 147-151. doi:10.1017/s0021932006001337

Publications without doi

The designation of materials for electronic resources should be indicated [Electronic resource]. Email address And date of application They always lead to a document on the Internet. The date the document was accessed is the date on which the person making the reference this document opened, and this document was available (format: hh.mm.yyyy).

Dal V.I. Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl [Electronic resource]: prepared. according to the 2nd oven ed. 1880-1882 M.: ACT et al.: 1998. 1 electron. wholesale disk (CD-ROM).

Belous N.A. Pragmatic implementation of communicative strategies in conflict discourse [Electronic resource] // World of linguistics and communication: electronic. scientific magazine 2006. N 4. URL: http://www.tverlingua.by.ru/archive/005/5_3_1.htm (access date: 12/15/2007).

According to the information on the main page of the site/portal, the following is given: the name and description of the resource, if indicated - the place and year of publication.

Lapichkova V.P. Standardization of library processes. Experience of the National Library of the Republic of Karelia [Electronic resource] // Library.ru: information and reference portal. M., 2005-2007. URL: http://www.library.ru/1/kb/articles/article.php?a_uid=225 (access date: 12/24/2007).

The notes provide the information necessary to search and characterize the technical specifications of the electronic resource. The information is given in the following sequence: system requirements, information about accessibility restrictions, date of update of the document or its part, email address, date of access to the document.

Information about access restrictions is provided if access to a document is possible, for example, from a specific location (local network, organization for which access is open), only for registered users, etc. In this case, the description indicates: “Access from …”, “Access for registered users,” etc. If access is free, then nothing is indicated in the information.

System requirements are given in the case when special access is required to access a document. software, for example Adobe Acrobat Reader, Power Point and so on.

Electronic publications often have a date included in the description. The year comes first, then the date and month.

Panasyuk A.Yu. Image: definition of the central concept in imageology [Electronic resource] // Academy of Imageology. 2004. March 26. URL: http://academim.org/art/pan1_2.html (access date: 04/17/2008).

The date of update of the document or its part is indicated if it is recorded on the website. If the update date cannot be set, then nothing is indicated.

General resources on linguistics and philology: Igor Garshin’s website. [Electronic resource]. 2002. Update date: 10/05/2008. URL: http://katori.pochta.ru/linguistics/portals.html (access date: 10/05/2008).

You should not link to electronic resources that violate copyright.

Examples of formatting bibliographic references according to GOST R 7.0.5-2008

Electronic publications currently occupy an increasingly significant place in bibliographic lists and references. On July 1, 2002, it came into force as a state standard of the Russian Federation GOST 7.82-2001 "Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources. General requirements and rules for compilation", which defines the rules for describing electronic publications, including Internet resources. At the same time, the main attention is paid to integral electronic resources and electronic publications of local and remote access, such as, for example, informational resources on magnetic and optical (CD, DVD) media, complete Internet sites, network electronic periodicals, databases.

The Russian standard for the description of electronic resources offers the following bibliographic description scheme:

Title proper [General designation of material]: / disclaimer. - Publication information/responsibility information related to the publication, additional information about the publication. - Designation of the type of resource (volume of resource). - Place of publication: name of publisher, date of publication (Place of manufacture: name of manufacturer, date of manufacture). - Specific material designation and quantity physical units: other physical characteristics; size + information about accompanying material. - (Title proper of a series or subseries = Parallel title of a series or subseries: information related to the title of the series or subseries / statements of responsibility related to the series or subseries, ISSN; numbering within the series or subseries). - Note. - Standard room = Key title: conditions of availability and/or price.

The diagram is very detailed and is designed, first of all, to describe a resource for an electronic or card catalogue.

The rules for preparing short bibliographic references to electronic resources of local and remote access are formulated in GOST 7.0.5-2008. " Bibliographic link. General requirements and drafting rules"(entered into force on 01/01/2009). The specified GOST regulates the rules for compiling links not only to electronic resources in general (electronic documents, databases, portals, websites, web pages, forums, etc.), but also to composite parts of electronic resources (sections and parts of electronic documents, portals, websites, web pages, publications in electronic serial publications, messages on forums, etc.).

(Russian cataloging rules, Part 1. Basic provisions and rules [Electronic resource] / Russian library association, Interregional cataloging committee. - M., 2004. - 1 CD-ROM. - Title from the disc label )
(Russian Book Chamber: [website]. URL: http://www.bookchamber.ru) - .
(URL: http://www.bashedu.ru/encikl/tltle.htm) - Abbreviated form of reference is allowed.

59 Reference books on semiconductor devices // [Personal page of V.R. Kozak] / Institute of Nuclei. physics. [Novosibirsk, 2003]. URL: http://www.inp.nsk.su/%7EKosak/start.htm (access date: 03.13.06).
61 Official periodicals: electronic. guide / Russian national b-ka, Center for Legal Information. [SPb.], 2005-2007. URL: http://www.nir.ru/lawcenter/izd/index.html (access date: 01/18/2007)
71 URL: http://www.nir.ru/lawcenter/izd/index.html - a simplified type of link is allowed if the publication is mentioned in the text of the document.

5. Encyclopedia of animals of Cyril and Methodius. M.: Cyril and Methodius: New media generation, 2006. 1 electron. wholesale disk (DVD-ROM).
7. Dirina A.I. The right of military personnel of the Russian Federation to freedom of association // Military law: network journal. 2007. URL: http://www.voennoepravo.ru/node/2149 (access date: 09/19/2007).
9. Chliyants G. Creation of television // QRZ.RU: server for Russian radio amateurs. 2004. URL: http://www.qrz.ru/articles/article260.html (access date: 02/21/2006).

When compiling links to electronic resources and their parts, a number of features are taken into account.

If it is impossible to determine the date of publication or creation from the screen title page of an electronic remote access resource (network resource), then the earliest and most recent later dates resource creations that were identified.

The note states information necessary for searching and characterizing technical specifications of an electronic resource. The information is provided in the following sequence: system requirements, information about accessibility restrictions, date of update of the document or part of it, email address, date of access to the document.

System Requirements Information are given in cases where special software is required to access a document (for example, Adobe Acrobat Reader, Microsoft PowerPoint and so on.):

11. Volkov V.Yu., Volkova L.M. Physical Culture: distance learning course training in GSE 05 “Phys. Culture" / St. Petersburg. state Polytechnic University, Interuniversity. center for physics culture. St. Petersburg, 2003. Access from the local network Fundament. SPbSPU libraries. System. Requirements: Power Point. URL: http://www.unilib.neva.ru/dll/local/407/oe/oe.ppt (access date: 01.11.2003).

Availability note are cited in references to documents from local networks, as well as from full-text databases, access to which is carried out on a contractual basis or by subscription (for example, “Code”, “Garant”, “ConsultantPlus”, “EBSCO”, “ProQuest”, “Interum”, etc.) :

14. On the introduction of premiums for complexity, intensity and high quality works [Electronic resource]: instructions M-va social. protected by Russia Federation dated July 14, 1992 No. 1-49-U. The document was published on. Access from the reference legal system “ConsultantPlus”.

If date information is available latest update or revision of a network document, they are indicated in the link, preceded by the appropriate words “Date of update” (“Date of revision”, etc.). The date includes day, month and year.

14. The economic growth // New Russia: [bibliogr. decree] / compiled by: B. Berkhina, O. Kokovkina, S. Kann; Department of State Public Scientific and Technical Library SB RAS. Novosibirsk, . Update date: 03/06/2007. URL: http://www.prometeus.nsc.ru/biblio/newrus/egrowth.ssi (access date: 03/22/2007).

For electronic resources of remote access they give note about access mode, in which it is allowed, instead of the words “Access mode” (or their equivalent in another language), to use the abbreviation “URL” (Uniform Resource Locator) to designate an electronic address.
Information about the protocol for accessing a network resource (ftp, http, etc.) and its email address are provided in a uniform resource locator format.
After the email address in parentheses is given information about the date of treatment to an electronic network resource: after the words “date of access” indicate the day, month and year:

5. The entire Bogorodsky district: forum // Bogorodsk - Noginsk. Bogorodsk local history: website. Noginsk, 2006. URL: http://www.bogorodsk-noginsk.ru/forum/ (access date: 02/20/2007).

46. Investments will remain raw materials // PROGNOSIS.RU: daily. online edition 2006. 25 Jan. URL: http://www.prognosis.ru/print.html?id=6464 (access date: 03/19/2007).

9. Housing law: current issues of legislation: electronic. magazine 2007. No. 1. URL: http://www.gilpravo.ru (access date: 08/20/2007).

10. Avilova L.I. Development of metal production in the era early metal(Chalcolithic - late bronze age) [Electronic resource]: state of the problem and prospects for research // Vestn. RFBR. 1997. No. 2. URL: http://www.rfbr.ru/pics/22394ref/file.pdf (access date: 09.19.2007).

One of the types of electronic documents widely distributed on the Internet is email, unfortunately, is not reflected in GOST 7.0.5-2008. Based on the standard scheme of bibliographic description of an electronic resource and taking into account the opinion of experts (for example, V. Stepanov. Internet in professional information activities: [site]. URL: http://textbook.vadimstepanov.ru/chapter7/glava7-2.html), you can create a set of elements that allow you to identify a document: the author of the letter (sender); letter subject; document type; sender's email address; departure date. Then the bibliographic reference to the email can be represented as follows.

Basic rules for compiling and formatting a list of used literature and other sources, as well as references and footnotes

Making a list

A list of sources used is required for any independent written work, except for an essay. It is always placed at the end of the work after the main text. The following options are used as the title: “List of references”, “List of sources used”, “Literature”, “Bibliographic list”, etc.

The list usually includes from 3 to 7 sources. Depending on the volume of written work, there may be more.

The most commonly used arrangement sequence is:
At the beginning of the list are (if any) laws, decrees, legislative acts(V alphabetical order).
Next are the remaining printed sources in alphabetical order by author’s last name or title (if the author is not indicated).
At the end of the list are electronic resources (also in alphabetical order).

Regardless of the layout of the sources used, the numbering is continuous (from the first to last name). A serial number is placed before the author's surname or the name of the source. Arabic numerals with a dot, then separated by a space – the beginning of the recording.

1.
2.
3.
etc.

Sources of information are arranged in a strict alphabet, i.e. When compiling a list, you need to focus not only on the initial letter, but also on the subsequent ones.

For example:

1. Volgin
2. Volkov

For example:

1. Tolstoy A. N.
2. Tolstoy L.N.

For example:

1. Mostaev L.V. Two mountains
2. Mostaev L. V. The sky is high

Compiling a bibliographic description of a document

When preparing for written work (when searching for material), write down information about each source that you needed. Almost all the information about a book is on the title page or on the back of the title page.
If, in the process of studying selected literature for written work, you made descriptions of the sources, then all you have to do is arrange this information in a certain order.
How to create a bibliographic entry for a list of sources used?
A bibliographic record has many subtleties. The reference list uses a brief bibliographic description, so it is enough to understand some basic rules.

Basic outline of the book description:
Last name and initials of the author. Title of the work (without quotation marks): (colon) Information related to the title (if any) / (slash) the initials and surname of the author (authors or compilers) are repeated. – (dot and dash) information about the publication (number, additions, etc.). – (dot and dash) Place of publication (city where the book was published). : (dot and colon) Name of the publisher (without quotes), (comma) year of publication (without the letter “g”). – total pages or page numbers if part of the book was used.

Prescribed punctuation marks (basic):

. - dot and dash
. dot
, comma
: colon
; semicolon
/ slash
// two forward slashes
() round brackets
square brackets

A space is placed before and after the prescribed punctuation marks (but not grammatical ones!). Exception - . (dot) and (comma) – a space is left only after them.
Abbreviations are used carefully, only generally accepted ones and not in basic information.
You cannot shorten the title of a book.
The place of publication is written in abbreviation only when it is Moscow (M.) or St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg), with a period after the entry. All others - COMPLETELY.
At the beginning of the description, an indentation is made, as they say, “from the red line.”

Example of 2 recording options:
Kolesnikova, N. I. From abstract to dissertation: a textbook on the development of writing skills / N. I. Kolesnikova. – M.: Flinta, 2002. – 288 p.

Kolesnikova, N. I. From abstract to dissertation: a textbook on the development of writing skills / N. I. Kolesnikova. – M., 2002. – 288 p.

For a bibliography, the name of the publisher may not be included in the description.
In this case, the list must be uniform. For example, if you decide not to write the name of the publisher, then you must follow this in the descriptions of all sources.
There is a period at the end of each source description.

If the authors more than three, the description is made under the title, and the names of the authors are given behind the slash in this order:
In a book of four authors, all authors can be indicated behind the slash / or only the first one with a mark in square brackets [etc.]
In a book with five or more authors, one or three authors may be listed with a note in square brackets [etc.]

Description example books of four authors:
Formation of personal information culture in libraries and information institutions: teaching aid/ N. I. Gendina [etc.]. – 2nd ed., revised. – M.: School Library, 2003. – 296 p.

If only the compiler or editor is known:
Information about editors and compilers is most often found on the back of the title page. If a book has only a compiler or editor, then the description is written on the title and followed by a slash / written: / ed. Yu. A. Ivanov or / comp. O. M. Petrov.

An example of a book description under the compiler:
I'm exploring the world. Literature: encyclopedia / author.-comp. N. V. Chudakova; artist E. V. Galdyaeva. – M., 2007. – 382 p.

Information about other people involved in the publication:
If there is other information about people involved in the publication that are important for your work (translator, artist), then they are written after the names of the authors and compilers, and information about them is separated by a semicolon (;). For example: /comp. J.-B. Gautier; lane from French R. B. Sashina; artist S. V. Duganov.

When describing part of a source (for example, from a collection of different authors), a different description scheme is used:

General scheme for describing the component:
Information about the component part of the publication // Information about the publication in which the component part is placed. – pages on which the component is placed

Examples of descriptions of the components of the book:
Bogdanov, A. Between the wall and the abyss: Leonid Andreev and his work / A. Bogdanov; entry Art. // Andreev L. N. Collected works: in 6 volumes. T. 1. - M., 1990. - P. 5-40.

Sakharov, V. Return of a wonderful book: notes on M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” / V. Sakharov // Behind the line of the textbook: collection of articles. – M., 1989. – P. 216-229.

When describing an article from a magazine or newspaper, a general scheme for describing the component is used, which includes some specific elements:

Scheme for describing an article from a magazine (newspaper):
Author. Title // Name of the magazine (or newspaper). – Year of publication (year of publication of the newspaper). - Magazine number (issue date or newspaper number). – Pages on which the published article is located.

Examples of describing an article from a magazine and an article from a newspaper:
Zatula, V. What music teaches // Entrant. – 2010. - No. 12. – pp. 22-24.

Danilova, M. Schoolchildren will teach everyone to order // Soviet Siberia. – 2011. - 27th October. - P. 7.

In addition to printed sources, when preparing written work, other sources of information are used (electronic optical disks, Internet databases, portals, websites, web pages, etc.), which are called “electronic resources”:

An example of a description of an electronic local access resource (electronic optical disks):
Etiquette [Electronic resource]: encyclopedia. – Sergiev Posad, 2006. – 1 CD-ROM.

When describing sources from the Internet, the email address of the document and the date of access to the network resource are also recorded.

Examples of descriptions of remote electronic resources (from the Internet):
Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia [Electronic resource]. - http://wikipedia.org . - (date of access: 11/14/2011).

When typed, the Internet address often becomes a link (colored font and underlining). To change the color and remove the underline, hover over the address, right-click, and click “Remove hyperlink.”

School world: encyclopedias [Electronic resource]. -http://school.holm.ru/enciclopedia. - (date of access: 11/14/2011).

Rules for linking
In the text of any written work, the quotation is placed in quotation marks and a link to the source is made. Important: in references and footnotes when describing the source. – (dot and dash) are replaced. (dot)

Exist three common options. At the beginning of your work, you need to decide which referencing option you will use so that your written work is completed in a consistent manner.

After the quotation, the book number from the list of references placed at the end of the work and the page from which the author’s words are taken are indicated in square brackets.
Example: “Everything around us, including ourselves, is saturated with information. "where 2 is the serial number of the cited work in the list, and 18 is the page on which the quotation is located in the source.

Source information is provided immediately after the citation in parentheses.
Example: “But man invented special means recording and transmitting particularly significant information" (Golubeva, E.I. About working with a book: tips for high school students. M., 2004. P. 18).

Quotations given are assigned serial numbers, and at the end of the page the relevant sources are indicated below the line.

Example:“...It will not hurt anyone to understand their own reading experience, or to get acquainted with the generalized experience of other people.”
When creating this option on a computer (in Microsoft Word):
At the end of the quote, after the quotation marks, place the cursor. Next, go to the “insert” menu, select “link”, then “footnote”, select from the ones offered (usually the standard one is already selected) and click on “insert” or press the Enter key.

All these rules are designed to perform one very important function - to identify as clearly as possible the primary sources that the author used when writing his written work.

If you follow all the recommendations correctly, then as a result you will get an intellectual product correctly formatted with quotations, as well as a numbered list, compiled alphabetically, first from printed and then from electronic sources. An example of a list is in front of you. These are the sources that served as the basis for writing this material.

List of sources used:

GOST 7.1-2003. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules. – entered 2004-07-01. – M.: IPK. Standards Publishing House, 2004. – 48 s.

Golubeva, E.I. About working with a book: tips for high school students / E.I. Golubeva. – M.: RGDB, 2004. – 24 p.

Koptyaeva, E. I. Where do the firewood come from? : library lesson “Some rules for compiling a list of used literature and formatting references, footnotes to the abstract” // Library at school. – 2007. - No. 16. – pp. 32-34.

Savina, I. A. Methodology of bibliographic description: a practical guide. – M.: Liberia-Bibinform, 2007. – 144 p.

Increasing information culture // Library of the Municipal Educational Institution “OOSSH No. 2”, Oktyabrsky village [Electronic resource]. - http://schoolbiblio.ucoz.ru /forum/. – (access date: 11/17/2011).

design of the list of references according to GOST 2015 - 2017 example Correct preparation of the list of references according to GOST is one of the most important tasks in writing coursework and dissertation work. The requirements for this section are clearly regulated in the relevant regulations.
The list of used sources and literature must be drawn up in accordance with the rules specified in: When preparing a list of references for each publication, the surname and initials of the author (authors), exact title, place of publication, name of the publisher, year of publication, number of pages are indicated. For a journal article, the surname and initials of the author, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the year of publication, the journal number, and the pages occupied by the article in the journal are indicated. The list of references should include only publications used in the work, i.e. those that were quoted, referenced, or that served as the basis for articulating the student's point of view. All figures, quotes and drawings borrowed from literary sources should be provided with mandatory links to the source with a full description of the publication in the list of references.
The list of used literature is compiled in strict priority order, starting with regulatory legal acts federal level, individual and collective monographs, scientific articles, etc.

Example hierarchy of reference list sources:
1. Regulatory acts;
2. Practice materials;
3. Literature and periodicals;
4. Literature in foreign languages;
5. Internet sources.

If you did not use any type of source in your work, you can skip it. For example, if the test paper does not contain practice materials, then the literature comes immediately after the normative legal acts.

Regulatory legal acts are placed in the bibliography by legal force:

· international legislative acts - chronologically;
· Constitution of the Russian Federation;
· codes - in alphabetical order;
· laws of the Russian Federation - chronologically;
· decrees of the President of the Russian Federation - chronologically;
· acts of the Government of the Russian Federation - chronologically;
· acts of ministries and departments in sequence - orders, resolutions, regulations, instructions of the ministry - in alphabetical order, acts - in chronology.
· Laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation;
· Decisions of others government agencies and local governments.

Resolutions of the plenums Supreme Court RF and Higher arbitration court RF are included in the section of judicial practice.

It should be taken into account that the ones used in the work international legal regulations(conventions, treaties, etc.) in which the Russian Federation participates are located at the beginning of the list of regulatory legal acts, BUT after the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Regulatory acts of foreign countries ( international conventions, treaties) in which the Russian Federation does not participate are located separately after the list of acts of judicial authorities.
Legislative acts that have lost force are located at the end of the list of normative legal acts, also in order of importance. In this case, it must be indicated in brackets that the normative legal act has lost force.
Documents with equal legal significance are grouped in chronological order according to the dates of their publication.

Example of registration of regulatory legal acts in accordance with GOST, 2015:

1. “The Constitution of the Russian Federation” (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993) (taking into account the amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, dated December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, dated February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ) // “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”, 04.14.2014, N 15, art. 1691.
2. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” (adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948)//“ Russian newspaper", 12/10/1998.
3. “Civil Code of the Russian Federation” dated November 30, 1994 N 51-FZ (as amended on July 1, 2014) // “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”, January 13, 1997, No. 2, Art. 198.
4. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia N 776, Ministry of Defense of Russia N 703, FSB of Russia N 509, FSO of Russia N 507, FCS of Russia N 1820, SVR of Russia N 42, FSIN of Russia N 535, FSKN of Russia N 398, IC of Russia N 68 dated 27.09. 2013 “On approval of the Instruction on the procedure for presenting the results of operational investigative activities to the body of inquiry, investigator or to the court” (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 5, 2013 N 30544) // “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, N 282, 12/13/2013

The list of normative legal acts in the bibliography is followed by a list specialized literature and periodicals.

The list of references is compiled directly from the data printed edition or extracted from catalogs and bibliographic indexes in full, without omitting any elements, abbreviating titles, etc.

Based GOST list of references is formalized by indicating the required elements of the description of the bibliographic source.
The main elements of the description of a literary source are:

Full name of the author (authors/editor);
Title of the work (book title);
Publisher's name;
The year of publishing;
Number of pages in the publication.

GOST also provides optional elements, the use of which is not always necessary.

Optional elements of a bibliographic source description include, for example:

Parallel title
Title information
Information about the function of publisher, distributor, etc.
Dimensions
Other physical characteristics
General designation of the material.

Last point - General designation of material- deserves special attention. Depending on its application, we can see quite visually different ways of designing a bibliography.
The fact is that this optional element is used in cases where the characteristics of the physical medium of the document are not visible from the available elements of the bibliographic record (for example, a description of a database located on a local computer, etc.). The element is indicated in square brackets immediately after the title without any prescribed punctuation marks (for example: [Electronic resource], [Audio recording], etc.).
For regular books, a corresponding mark is provided: [Text].
If it is clear from other elements of the bibliographic record which physical medium is being referred to, it is acceptable to omit this element.
In these instructions we will not use this element, but if you need it, then simply supplement the following rules for preparing a list of references by mandatory inclusion of this element in square brackets after the title of the book.

Sometimes, as a mandatory element of the description of the source of literature, it is given ISBN, which is mentioned in GOST.
But here you need to understand that the inclusion of certain description elements depends on the purpose of the list.
Where there is no need to identify a literary source in the international documentary flow, it is not necessary to indicate the ISBN. This applies to lists for coursework and diploma works, dissertations, etc.
Thus, ISBN in the bibliography course work(similarly for the thesis) is not needed.

The procedure for documenting a source of literature depends on the number of authors who took part in its writing. Separate rules are provided for books 1, 2-3 and big amount authors.
Consider the order registration of the literature list according to GOST to include books with varying amounts authors.

Design of books with 1 author

For books written by one author, the author's surname and initials are indicated at the beginning. In this case, a comma is placed after the surname and after it the initials are indicated, separated by dots. Then follows the full title of the book, followed by a “slash” (slash “ / “) and then the author’s full name is repeated, but first the initials are indicated, and then the last name. After the surname there is a dot, followed by a dash. After the dash the following is indicated: city, colon, name of the publisher, comma, year of publication, period. After the period we write a dash, followed by the number of pages in this book, the letter “c” and a period.

Schematic example:
Ivanov, I.I. Book title / I.I. Ivanov. - City: Name of publisher. - 552 s.

Real example:
Zhabina S.G. Fundamentals of economics, management and marketing in public catering / S.G. Zhabina. - M.: Academy, 2016. - 336 p.

Let us immediately explain how cities are designated. In practice, abbreviations for large cities (usually capitals and regional centers) have developed.
Here are the transcripts:

City name	Designation in the list of references	A comment
Moscow	M.
Saint Petersburg	St. Petersburg
Rostov-on-Don	Rostov n/a.	RnD or R/nD is often found - this is not true.
Nizhny Novgorod	N. Novgorod.
Leningrad	L.	For literature published in the USSR.

Likewise for foreign cities:
Paris - R., New York - N.Y., Berlin - W., London - L.

Please note that a period is immediately placed after the abbreviated name. After her without space is immediately written colon and the name of the publisher is indicated.
M.:_______ St. Petersburg:_____, etc.

For other cities, the list of references indicates their full names, followed immediately by a colon (and not a period, as is the case with abbreviated names).

Design of books with 2 and 3 authors

If a book was written by a team of authors of 2-3 people, then the surname and initials of one (first) author are indicated at the beginning of the bibliographic description. There is a period after the surname. The full title of the book follows. Then a “slash” is added and the author’s data is repeated, but first the initials are indicated, and then the surname. After the last name there is a dot, followed by a dash. After the dash the following is indicated: city, colon, name of the publisher, comma, year of publication, period. After the period we write a dash, followed by the number of pages in this book, the letter “c” and a period.

Example:
Volkov, M. IN. Modern economics/ M. IN. Volkov, A.V. Sidorov. - St. Petersburg.: Peter, 2016. - 155 With.

Decorated no books with 4 or more authors

For books with 4 or more authors, a special design procedure applies. In general, it is similar to what is used in books with 2 and 3 authors, but with one exception:
When listing authors again, after the book title and the slash, not all authors are indicated, but again only the first one. At the same time, his full name is supplemented with a postscript [etc.] enclosed in square brackets.

Example:
Korobkin, M.V. Modern economics / M.V. Korobkin [and others] - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2014.- 325 p.

Design of textbooks and teaching aids

If the list of references indicates teaching aids, textbooks, educational and methodological complexes and other types of specialized literature, it is necessary to supplement general rules design element designating the type of publication. To do this, in the above book design rules, immediately after the name of the publication, put a colon and write the type of publication.

Example:
Volkov, M. IN. Modern economics: textbook / M. IN. Volkov. - St. Petersburg.: Peter, 2014. - 225 With.

Or if a general material designation is used

Volkov, M. IN. Modern economics [Text]: textbook / M. IN. Volkov. - St. Petersburg.: Peter, 2014. - 225 With.

Design of textbooks and teaching aids edited by

To format a textbook edited by one author, combining the works of several authors, you must first write the name of the publication, then a colon and the type of publication (textbook / study guide), then a “slash” and the phrase “edited.” After this, the initials and then the surname of the editor are indicated first. The following is the standard registration procedure given above.

GOST list of literature

Example:
Pharmaceutical chemistry: studies. allowanceForstudio. universities/ underedit. AND. N. Sovenko. - M.: Rior, 2014. - 323 With.

Example:
Pharmaceutical chemistry: studies. allowanceForstudio. universities/ L. N. Protasova., M. AND. Ivanov, A.A. Sidorov; undered. AND. N. Sovenko.. - M.: Rior, 2014. -323 With.

For multi-volume books It is necessary to indicate the volume number that was used in the work. To do this, immediately after the title of the publication, a postscript “T.1.” is made, where 1 is the volume number.

Example:
Bokov, AN. EconomyT.2. Microeconomics[ Text] / A.N. Bokov. - M.: Norm, 2015. - 532 With.

Registration of articles from magazines and periodicals in the bibliography

To describe articles from periodicals, the following order of indicating elements of the bibliographic source description applies: surname and initials of the author; article title; “slash” and again the author’s full name, but first the initials, and then the surname; then two forward slashes; the name of the periodical or collection in which the article is published (quotes are not used); dash, year of publication; followed by a period, number (sometimes the month of publication may be indicated in brackets); dot, dash; then the numbers of the first and last pages of the article.

Example:
Bokov, IN. TO. Causes of the crisis of the US economic model / IN. TO. Bokov// RBC. -2014. - № 4 (11). - WITH. 32-36.

Design of electronic sources

Krokhin, E. E. Restoration of architectural monuments[ Electronicresource], -http:// www. architechos. ru/ restovrat. htm- article on the Internet.

Equivalent sources are located in list of references according to GOST in alphabetical order.
At the same time, publications in foreign languages are placed at the end of the list after Russian-language sources in order of the Latin alphabet.

Lecture, abstract. GOST design of the list of references - concept and types. Classification, essence and features.

GOST 7.1 2003 and GOST R 7.0.5-2008 - read / download

Upon registration bibliography are used GOST 7.1 2003 " Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drawing up" And GOST R 7.0.5-2008"Bibliographic reference. General requirements and rules of compilation".
Both GOST data can be read and download below.

GOST 7.1 2003 Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. open close

INTERSTATE STANDARD

GOST 7.1-2003

System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ENTRY. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION

General requirements and drafting rules

ISS 01.140.20

Date of introduction 2004-07-01

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-97 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Procedure for development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation"

Intelligence about the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Russian Book Chamber of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Press, Television and Radio Broadcasting and Mass Communications, the Russian State Library and the Russian national library Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization TC 191 "Scientific and technical information, library and publishing"

2 INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol No. 12 of July 2, 2003)

Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Code of the country By MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the national authority on standardization
Armenia	AM	Armstandard
Belarus		State Standard of the Republic of Belarus
Kazakhstan		Gosstandart of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstandard
Moldova		Moldova-Standard
Russian Federation		Gosstandart of Russia
Tajikistan		Tajikstandard
Turkmenistan		Main State Service "Turkmenstandartlary"
Uzbekistan		Uzstandard
Ukraine		Gospotrebstandart of Ukraine

4 By Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology dated November 25, 2003 N 332-st, the interstate standard GOST 7.1-2003 was put into effect directly as a national standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 2004.

5 INSTEAD GOST 7.1-84, GOST 7.16-79, GOST 7.18-79, GOST 7.34-81, GOST 7.40-82

1 area of use

This standard establishes general requirements and rules for compiling a bibliographic description of a document, its part or group of documents: a set of areas and elements of a bibliographic description, the sequence of their arrangement, the content and method of presenting elements, the use of prescribed punctuation and abbreviations.

The standard applies to descriptions of documents compiled by libraries, scientific and technical information bodies, state bibliography centers, publishers, and other bibliographic institutions.

The standard does not apply to bibliographic references.

This standard uses references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 7.0-99 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Information and library activities, bibliography. Terms and Definitions

GOST 7.4-95 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Editions. Imprint

G OST 7.5-98 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Magazines, collections, information publications. Publishing design of published materials

GOST 7.9-95 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Abstract and annotation. General requirements

GOST 7.11-78 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Abbreviation of words and phrases in foreign European languages in bibliographic descriptions

GOST 7.12-93 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Bibliographic record. Abbreviations of words in Russian. General requirements and rules

GOST 7.59-2003 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Indexing documents. General requirements for systematization and subjectization

GOST 7.76-96 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Collection of documents. Bibliography. Cataloging. Terms and Definitions

GOST 7.80-2000 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Bibliographic record. Title. General requirements and drafting rules

GOST 7.82-2001 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources. General requirements and drafting rules

GOST 7.83-2001 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Electronic publications. Basic views and output information

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards on the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replaced (changed) standard. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given applies to the extent that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, terms according to GOST 7.0, GOST 7.76, GOST 7.83 are used.

4 General provisions

4.1 A bibliographic description contains bibliographic information about a document, given according to certain rules that establish the content and order of areas and elements, and are intended for identification and general characteristics of the document.

The bibliographic description is the main part of the bibliographic record. A bibliographic record may also include a title, indexing terms (classification indices and subject headings), annotation (abstract), document storage codes, certificates of additional bibliographic records, the date of completion of document processing, and official information.

The formation of the title of a bibliographic record is regulated by GOST 7.80. Formation of classification indices and subject headings - according to GOST 7.59. Abstract (abstract) - according to GOST 7.9.

4.2 The objects of compiling a bibliographic description are all types of published (including deposited) and unpublished documents on any media - books, serials and other ongoing resources, musical scores, cartographic, audiovisual, visual, regulatory and technical documents, microforms, electronic resources, other three-dimensional artificial or natural objects; components of documents; groups of homogeneous and heterogeneous documents.

4.2.1 Based on the number of parts, a distinction is made between description objects consisting of one part (single-part objects) and description objects consisting of two or more parts (multi-part objects).

A single-part object is a one-time document or a separate physical unit of a multi-part document on one physical medium: a single-volume document or a separate volume (issue) of a multi-volume document, separate component a complete document, serial or other continuing resource.

Multipart object - a document representing a collection of individual physical units on the same or different physical media - a multi-volume document, a complete document, a serial or other continuing resource.

4.2.2 An object can also be a component of a single-part document or a unit of a multi-part document.

4.3 Depending on the structure of the description, single-level and multi-level bibliographic descriptions are distinguished.

4.3.1 A single-level description contains one level. It is compiled for a single-part document, a completed multi-part document as a whole, a separate physical unit, as well as a group of physical units of a multi-part document (see section 5).

4.3.2 A multi-level description contains two or more levels. It is compiled for a multi-part document (multi-volume or complete document as a whole, serial or other continuing resource as a whole) or for a separate physical unit, as well as a group of physical units of a multi-part document - one or more volumes (issues, numbers, parts) of a multi-volume, complete document , serial or other continuing resource (see section 6).

4.4 The bibliographic description includes the following areas:

1 - area of title and information about responsibility;

2 - area of publication;

3 - area of specific information;

4 - output data area;

5 - area of physical characteristics;

6 - series area;

7 - note area;

8 - area of standard number (or its alternative) and availability conditions.

4.5 Description areas consist of elements that are divided into mandatory and optional. The description can contain only mandatory elements or mandatory and optional elements.

4.5.1 Mandatory elements contain bibliographic information that provides identification of the document. They are given in any description.

If a mandatory element, common to the descriptions included in the bibliographic manual, is included in the title of the bibliographic manual or its sections, then, as a rule, it is not repeated in each description (for example, the name of the author in the index of works of one author, the name of the publisher in the publishing catalogue, date of publication in the chronological list of works, etc.).

4.5.2 Optional elements contain bibliographic information that provides Additional information about the document. The set of optional elements determines the institution in which the description is compiled. It must be constant for a certain information array.

Optional elements are given in the greatest completeness in descriptions for state bibliographic indexes, library catalogs (in card and electronic form), databases of large universal scientific libraries and state bibliography centers.

4.6 Areas and elements are given in the established sequence, which is presented in the list of section 5. Individual areas and elements may be repeated. Bibliographic information related to different elements, but grammatically related in one sentence, is written in the preceding element.

GOST 7.0.5 2008 Bibliographic link. General requirements and drafting rules open close

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing
Bibliographic link. General requirements and drafting rules

System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing.
Bibliographic reference. General requirements and rules of making

OKS 01.140.30
Date of introduction 2009-01-01

Preface

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying national standards of the Russian Federation are GOST R 1.0-2004 “Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic Provisions”

Intelligence about the standard
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal government agency"Russian Book Chamber" of the Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 191 "Scientific and technical information, library and publishing"
3 This standard has been developed taking into account the main regulatory provisions international standard ISO 690:1987 "Documentation. Bibliographic references. Content, form and structure" (ISO 690:1987 "Information and documentation - Bibliographic references - Content, form and structure") and the international standard ISO 690-2:1997 "Information and documentation. Bibliographic references - Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof" (ISO 690-2:1997 "Information and documentation - Bibliographic references - Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof", NEQ)
4 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated April 28, 2008 N 95-st
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

1 area of use
This standard establishes general requirements and rules for compiling a bibliographic reference: main types, structure, composition, location in documents.
The standard applies to bibliographic references used in published and unpublished documents in any media.
The standard is intended for authors, editors, and publishers.

FULL VERSION IS POSSIBLE DOWNLOAD FOLLOW THE LINK BELOW.

More and more often, I see a picture where even reputable online publications do not indicate the source from which the material was translated/reprinted. This hurts me, maybe because of a heightened sense of justice, maybe because my texts have been stolen more than once and passed off as their own...

It's boiling, comrades. Let's look at what is written in the laws regarding the use of other people's texts, and figure out how to use NOT your own materials so as not to have to answer in court.

What is good, what is bad

Ever since childhood loving parents They tell us that stealing is bad. But for some reason we understand this only in relation to material things: a mobile phone or a bag. Something ephemeral, something that cannot be touched, is often stolen with impunity.

Many people have a simple approach to other people’s intellectual property: what were you, dear man, hoping for when you posted text, pictures, photos on the Internet? I posted it in the public domain - don’t worry now that everyone is taking it and posting it. And in general, prove that it’s yours.

The problem is this attitude towards authorship in our country. No one considers it shameful to copy someone else’s text, or translate it and pass it off as your own work, or use other people’s words and ideas for your own purposes (commercial or not, it makes no difference). And until the attitude towards authors and their rights changes, the problem will live on. Believe me, this will last for a long time - no matter how sad it is to realize it.

There are many reasons for such unscrupulous behavior:

Imaginary anonymity on the Internet (“... who will catch me, who will punish me, I’m a faceless Anonymous, we are Legion);

Elementary ignorance (“...do we need to refer to someone else?”);

Disrespect for other people's work (“... come to think of it, he wrote a couple of letters, also for me, the author...”).

They begin to think about the “ugliness” of their actions only after the first precedent - when users point out dishonesty, or the author himself finds his own illegally used work.

And, as practice shows, very few people learn this.

What the law says

And all this despite the fact that copyright in our country is protected by law. Namely, Part 4 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is devoted to copyright and its protection.

Let us dwell on the points that interest us – namely, the use of the results of someone else’s intellectual activity. Article 1229 states that:

“The copyright holder may, at his own discretion, permit or prohibit other persons from using the result of intellectual activity or means of individualization. The absence of a prohibition is not considered consent (permission).”

This means that before using someone else’s text, you need to make sure that its author allows you to do this, and find out under what conditions. If the site does not indicate anything about this, you cannot use the default text.

“Other persons may not use the corresponding results of intellectual activity or means of individualization without the consent of the copyright holder, except for the cases provided for by this Code. The use of a result of intellectual activity or a means of individualization (including their use in the ways provided for by this Code), if such use is carried out without the consent of the copyright holder, is illegal and entails liability established by this Code and other laws...”

That is, in order to use someone else’s text, you need to obtain permission from its author to do so. If you don’t have permission, you are breaking the law and you may be prosecuted.

As for quoting, about it we're talking about in Article 1274:

1) citation in the original and in translation for scientific, polemical, critical or informational purposes of lawfully published works to the extent justified by the purpose of the citation, including the reproduction of excerpts from newspaper and magazine articles in the form of press reviews.”

Thus, you can legally use someone else’s text in only three ways:

Everything else is illegal. That is, it is equivalent to theft.

The matter may be resolved even simpler - you will be asked to remove the material from the site. If you published a stolen work not on your site, the author has the right to complain to the administration, and you may be banned.

So in modern world This problem is being resolved at this stage. In any case, if the fact of theft of someone else’s work is revealed, it is a shame for the thief. They will spread it all over social networks, forums, Twitter - you won’t be able to wash it off soon.

How right...

The laws do not stipulate strict rules anywhere on how exactly a link to a source should be formatted, or how to indicate the author. In practice, this can be done in any form - the main thing is that the author’s name is visible, and the link to the original is correct and working.

...indicate the source of translation

Before translating, please read the terms of use of the site. Many authors prohibit not only copying, quoting, but also translating their work. If it is prohibited, then it is prohibited, do not touch this material.

You can see the most different variants links to the original on websites. There is no one specific standard for design; the fact itself is important - a link to the source.

If you just translated, it would be correct to provide a link to the original source. Someone simply writes the word “Source” and attaches a link to it, someone writes the name of the site and gives a link to the page with the article, but the most correct thing is to indicate the title of the article and the author.

If you adapted someone else’s article to our Russian realities, i.e., you removed something from the original, added something of your own, but general idea remained - this also needs to be pointed out. Usually they write “Adaptation of the article (title of the article with a link).”

Someone even honestly writes at the beginning of the article - I saw this article, I liked it, I’m translating it for you. Here is a link to the original, take a look. This is also correct.

If you used materials from several articles, indicate them all.

Let's look at some more examples of well-known online publications.

Here's how translations of articles in Lunchtimes on Cossa are formatted:

Under the title of the translation is the title of the original, formatted with a link to the original source.

Here is how the source of the translation is indicated on Lifehacker:

These are excellent examples - take them into account.

... issue a quote

First you need to figure out what is a quote and what is copy-paste. If you use an excerpt from someone else’s work to confirm your words (like I did - articles of law in this material) - then this is a quotation.

If your entire article consists of excerpts from the works of other authors, this is plagiarism.

Quotations are usually placed in quotation marks and indicate the title of the work, the author and the page (if taken from a book). If the quote is from a website, from an author’s article, the name of the article, site, author is indicated, and a link to the article is given.

To quote, according to the law, you do not need to ask the author’s permission - we have already figured this out.

…copy text

If you really liked the article and want to post it on your site, see if there are any special instructions about this under the article itself or in the footer of the site. Usually they write: “Copying site materials is possible only with a link to the source.” This is the most common practice. Those. you can copy the article, and under it indicate where you got it from, with a live link.

On the website Roem.ru, for example, this point is stated in the rules:

Sometimes you can come across a message of a different nature - “Copying is possible only with the written permission of the author.” If you really need this material, write to the author and ask. Usually they allow it, also with a link to the source and attribution. I did this more than once - they always allowed it. I also made several good friends, whose acquaintance began with a request to use their material :)

You can also write to the administration if nothing is indicated anywhere at all. Maybe people just forgot about this nuance. But if they later find your article, they can create a lot of problems. Better yet, follow the rule: if nothing is said, it means don’t touch it.

Because this is written in the law (Article 1229 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation): “ The absence of a prohibition does not constitute consent (permission).”

If it is stated that using site materials is prohibited under any pretext, do not risk it. Leave this site alone and don't take anything. If you really need it, try writing to the administration, maybe they’ll make an exception.

In general, I would advise writing in all cases. This is good form, as well as the opportunity to obtain written permission from the author to use the work. And this way you can make new acquaintances.

But, I repeat, if you are allowed to use it by giving a link, use it.

...edit text

Rewriting is a separate, pressing topic. Rewriters are considered to be the lowest echelon of “printing” workers, below them are only typesetters. Well, what's interesting about rewriting other people's thoughts in your own words?

But at the same time, many customers are satisfied with this, and there is considerable demand for the services of rewriters. I want a text like a competitor’s, but it needs to be unique for promotion.

But “thanks to” the uniqueness of the redacted text, it is impossible to prove that it was copied from here. And according to the law, to be honest, no one can hold anyone accountable. Because he will not be able to prove that the source was precisely this text, precisely on his website. Because these texts, similar to the same topic, are a dime a dozen on the Internet. And everyone is unique. And nowhere except news portals will you see the source. Only in the news they still write something like “As reported by ITAR-TASS,” with a link.

But rewriting, in its essence, is nothing more than the unpunished theft of other people’s thoughts and ideas.

You know, I’ve seen a lot of posts on foreign websites that are like two peas in a pod. It’s obvious that it’s a rewrite, and I know where this article was published before. Even bloggers on Medium post rewrites from TNW, Awwwards and other famous portals. And the source, of course, is not indicated.

But for ethical reasons, I would recommend citing the original source. Even if there are several of them, and you have processed them beyond recognition. Do not appropriate other people's medals, i.e. other people's thoughts. It is not always necessary to include a list at the end of the article. Just write in the text that I supposedly read here and there (with links) that this is how things are. You will not show yourself to be a fool - on the contrary, you will be a person who is interested in affairs in the industry, reads a lot, and develops. Add in your thoughts and comments – and you’ll get good, expert, professional material.

Instructions

Determine the type of document you are citing. You can create a link to the site as a whole, a separate web page, an on-line book or part of it, an online magazine or from it, etc. The composition of the description depends on the type of document.

Always link to the original. For example, when quoting an article from an American online magazine, provide information about it only in language. Take information to describe the document only from the document itself. Carefully study the main page of the site and the web section in which the publication is posted. If any element of the description cannot be found, skip it.

Remember the basic information that must be provided when creating a link to an online source:

1. Author of the publication. In the description, indicate the surname and initials without decoding, for example: “Ivanov I.I.” Please note that the author must be the creator of the text you are citing, and not the website. After this element in the description there is a period.

2. Title of the document. Here you need to indicate the name of a specific publication or web page. For example: “10 ways to get rich” or “The city answers.”

3. Document type. Use the standard wording “electronic resource”. This element is enclosed in square brackets: [Electronic resource].

4. Information about responsibility. Here the authors of the publication are listed, if there are more than three of them, or the organization in which it was created electronic document. Most often used when describing books. This description element is preceded by a slash. For example: “/ I.I. Ivanov, V.V. Petrov, S.S. Sidorov, I.K. Kirillov, etc.” or "/ Research Institute of Ophthalmology".

5. Information about the main document. Used when writing descriptions of parts of books or magazine articles. The element is preceded by two forward slashes. For example: “//Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences.”

6. Place and date of publication. For books, this element will look like this: “M., 2011”. The description of electronic articles indicates the year and number of the journal: “2011. No. 3".

7. Notes. Indicate information important for understanding the specific characteristics of an Internet document: system requirements for viewing the page (for example, the need for a graphic editor), restriction of access to the resource (for example, after paid registration), etc.

8. Email address and date of access to the document. Specify the URL abbreviation that replaces the Russian phrase “Access mode”. Next, provide the full http address of the site or individual page. In parentheses, write the date when you visited this Internet resource, for example: “(Date of access: 12/25/2011).” It is advisable to always indicate a specific number, because... electronic documents often change their “registration” or disappear altogether.

Study the following examples of the most common links to online documents. Write a description of the document you are citing based on one of them.

Moscow State University named after. M.V. Lomonosov: [Electronic resource]. M., 1997-2012. URL: http://www.msu.ru. (Date of access: 02/18/2012).

Information for applicants: [Electronic resource] // Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. M., 1997-2012. URL: http://www.msu.ru/entrance/. (Date of access: 02/18/2012).

Secretary-referent. 2011. No. 7: [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.profiz.ru/sr/7_2011. (Date of access: 02/18/2012).

Kameneva E.M. Document registration forms: // Secretary-referent. 2011. No. 7. URL: http://www.profiz.ru/sr/7_2011/formy_registracii_dokov. (Date of access: 02/18/2012).

Stepanov V. Internet in professional information activities: [Electronic resource]. 2002-2006. URL: http://textbook.vadimstepanov.ru. (Date of access: 02/18/2012).

Stepanov V. Electronic documents on the Internet: description and citation: [Electronic resource] // Stepanov V. Internet in professional information activities. 2002-2006. URL: http://textbook.vadimstepanov.ru/chapter7/glava7-2.html. (Date of access: 02/18/2012).

Video on the topic

Sources:

GOST R 7.0.5-2008 “Bibliographic reference. General requirements and rules for drawing up"
how to prepare an electronic document

Any treatise contains links to previously published sources of information on this topic. Each such source must have its own bibliographic description - output information that includes an indication of the authors, the name of the book, article or journal, publisher, and year of publication. The bibliography, which is attached to a scientific work, contains a list of bibliographic descriptions of the sources used.

Instructions

A bibliography can be compiled according to different principles. Sources can be indicated in chronological, alphabetical order, taking into account status, or in the order of appearance of a given bibliographic in the text of a scientific work. Most often, the principle or indication of sources is in alphabetical order.

If a reference to normative acts is included, then in the list first indicate the full name of the document and the date of its adoption, and the name of the body that adopted it. Be sure to indicate the source in which this is given. normative act was published.

In the case where the bibliographic source has one author, then at the beginning indicate his last name and initials, the title of the monograph or article without quotation marks, separated by a comma. After that, put a dot and a dash. If the work is a monograph, then indicate the place and year of publication, put a colon and indicate the title of the publication and the number of pages in this book.

If this is a collective work, first indicate the surname and initials of the author who is first on the list, then the title of the monograph and after the “/” sign, list the remaining authors. If there are more than five, then after the first surname you can write “etc.” If an editor is indicated, then after listing the authors write the phrase “Ed.” and include the editor's name. Then add a dot and a dash and list the rest of the information.

When an article is indicated as a source, put the “//” sign before the dot and dash and write the name of the journal where it was published, and after the dot and dash - the year of publication, volume, page number.

If you are referring to published materials of a scientific conference, then after the name of the author and the title of the article, put a colon, indicate the name of this collection of articles and the conference, the city where it was held, the publisher, the year and the page numbers on which this article was published.

At any scientific work, be it an essay, coursework, dissertation or dissertation, design plays as important a role as the content. It often happens that preparing a list of references and references takes not just a few hours, but several days. Links to different types sources are formatted differently.

Instructions

The first type of source is a textbook or scientific work written by one to three authors.
It is formatted like this: the initials of the author, the work (with a capital), the city in which the book was published, periods and colons, the name of the publishing house, year of publication, period, number of pages, period.
Example: Propp V.Ya. Morphology of "magic". M.: Labyrinth, 1998. 256 p.

If a book consists of one volume, but has more than three authors, then the title of the book is indicated at the beginning, and then one of the authors with the mark [etc.]. If you wish, you can list all authors; this will not be counted as an error.
Example: Occupational health operational personnel of nuclear power plants: methods of maintenance and restoration / V.I. Evdokimov, G.N. Roddutin, V.L. Marishchuk, B.N. Ushakov, I.B. Ushakov. M.; Voronezh: Istoki, 2004. 250 p.

newspapers are designed according to the same principle as a book (the number of authors also plays a role). The only difference is that the title of the article and the title of the publication are separated by two forward slashes, and you also need to indicate the publication number.
Example: Latynina Yu. L. Budget for militants // Novaya Gazeta. 2011. No. 85. pp. 9-10.

If you are using a multi-volume edition, you need to indicate in the link which volume you used.
Example: Soloviev V.S. Beauty in nature: op. in 2 volumes. M: Progress, 1998. T.1. 355s.

Most of the information today has to be taken from the Internet; electronic sources of information are designed in a special way. First, the author and title of the publication are indicated, then the name and type of electronic resource. Then a link to the page with the text is given and the date of access to it is indicated.
Example: Example: Latynina Yu. L. Budget for militants // Novaya Gazeta [website]. URL: http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2011/084/12.html(date of access: 08/04/2011).

Sources:

how to format sources

Compiling an electronic bibliography often causes a number of difficulties. Different educational institutions may have their own requirements, which are often outdated. To be sure that your registration is correct, use the state standard: GOST R 7.0.5-2008.

Instructions

Open Microsoft Word and create new document. Set the following parameters: font – Times New Roman, size – 14, spacing – 1.5. These settings are standard.

Set the required field values. To do this, double-click on the ruler located on the left side of the program window. In the “Fields” tab, specify the required values.

Start preparing your bibliography. On the toolbar, click on the “Numbered List” button. Thus, each subsequent element of the electronic list will automatically receive its own number. Click on the list marker (unit) and use the sliders on the top ruler above the document to set the values for the first line indent, indentation and left indent.

To add a book to the list, first indicate the author's surname and initials (if there are several authors, then the surname and initials of the first one). Then write the full title of the book followed by a forward slash (/). After it, indicate all the authors of the book, but no more than three. If there are more authors, then put “etc.” Separate with a semicolon, indicate under whose editorship the book was published (if such information is available). Next, put a dash, write the city (Moscow, St. Petersburg and some others are indicated in abbreviations) and indicate the publishing house separated by a colon. Next, put a dot, a dash and indicate the number of pages of the publication. Again, use a dash to indicate the ISBN of the publication.

To add an electronic resource to the list, first indicate the author of the material, then its title, and then write “Electronic resource.” If the author is unknown, start with the title. Next, through two forward slashes (//), indicate the name of the source where the material was taken from. If it's a website, write "site" in square brackets. After that, write the URL, put a colon and insert a link to the material. In regular parentheses, write “Date of access” and separate it with a comma.

Sources:

GOST R 7.0.5-2008

Bibliography is often called bibliography literature used when writing a course or diploma paper, dissertation, scientific or historiographic publication, etc. The list usually includes all types of documents: books, brochures, newspapers, magazines, audio and video recordings, archival materials, publications on the Internet and e-books. For a list of references to become a full-fledged bibliography, it must be organized in accordance with certain rules.

Instructions

Start creating a bibliography at the same time as writing your text. To do this, keep a separate notebook where you will enter information about all the books you have viewed, or create a special file. However, it is most convenient to use thick cards of the same size, for example, 125x75mm. By collecting them in a box, you get a card index. It is easy to work with it, adding new cards, removing unnecessary ones and swapping the remaining ones.

Make a description of the literature in accordance with the current GOST 7.1-2003 “Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and ". Use the cards in library catalogs as a guide. The staff of the bibliographic departments will help you describe in difficult cases. In addition, most educational institutions graduate guidelines on compiling bibliographic descriptions of various documents.

Mark the cards with special signs and provide comments. This is necessary in order to quickly remember whether you used the book or whether it turned out to be useless. For example, if you find an important quote, you can write it down on a card, indicating the page numbers on which the text is located.

Organize your accumulated cards. Most often, when compiling bibliographic lists, the following methods of grouping descriptions are used: alphabetical, chronological, thematic, in the order of mention in the text, by type of publication.

An alphabetical bibliography is the simplest and most common way of systematization. In it, all descriptions are arranged in a strict alphabet of authors and titles. Publications in foreign languages are placed at the end of the list, also in alphabetical order. This list is most often used when small quantity documents.

In the chronological list, bibliographic descriptions of documents are arranged by year of publication, within each year - alphabetically by authors and titles.

In the case when a large amount of literature from various fields of knowledge is used in the work, it is advisable to compile a thematic list. Sections of such a list are titled according to sections of the main text. Separately list sources related to the work as a whole.

The list, compiled in the order in which sources are mentioned in the text, reflects the sequence in which certain documents are cited. It is important to remember that a document cited more than once is mentioned only once in the list.

In student and research papers, a bibliographic list of references by type of publication is often used. It sequentially lists: official documents, GOST and regulatory documentation, instructions, dictionaries and reference books, scientific and educational publications, popular literature, articles in the press.

Title the bibliography, for example, “List of used literature” or “Literature”, etc. Number it. Use continuous numbering in all sections of the list unless otherwise required by the teacher or editor. Start each description in the list with a red line. Place the bibliography at the end of the article. IN theses the list is placed after the conclusion, but before the appendices.

Video on the topic

Sources:

GOST 7.1-2003. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules

When working on any document, article or list of references, you encounter such a problem as a link to electronic resources. An electronic resource is any information posted on the Internet and used by you in your work. How to create a link to an electronic resource?

You will need

- administrator rights.

Instructions

If you work in the Microsoft Word text editor, you can place a link to an electronic resource on a specific word. To do this, select the “Insert” option on the taskbar. Then highlight the word that you will associate with the electronic resource. Click on the “Hyperlink” command on the toolbar. A window will open for you to enter the email address of the resource you are linking to. In the list on the left, select the link type by pointing to a web page. Now your word will be associated with the address you provide below.

In the center of the window is the current folder where the document is placed. Below it is a line for entering an email address. Enter in this line the full email address of the resource, the link to which will be visible in your document. Click Ok. Link installed.

There are other options for creating links. There is a "Links" option on the taskbar. It is intended for creating footnotes, references, bibliography, etc. To create a link, click on the appropriate button, that is, “Insert link”. In the list that opens, select the “Add new source” command. You can add various links to resources, design them differently, that is, set a specific color, font, size, and much more.

An auto-fill form window will open in front of you. Enter all the required data and click Ok. The link was created in accordance with GOST requirements. It is also worth noting that a link to any Internet resource can be created using standard methods. Copy the link in your browser and in a text editor, simply right-click and select “Paste.” The link will immediately appear in the place where the cursor was.

Currently, in addition to books and articles, the list of references includes Internet sources. Their listing begins after the description of the articles in alphabetical order. The design rules are regulated by GOST 7.82-2001 “System of standards for information, library and publishing. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources. General requirements and rules of compilation."