Compound sentences in literature: examples and types. Parsing a complex sentence

§ 1 Parsing compound sentence

The purpose of this lesson is to consolidate the concept of a complex sentence, learn how to perform syntactic and punctuation analysis of complex sentences.

As you know, syntax is a branch of the science of language that studies phrases and sentences.

A sentence is a grammatically organized combination of words that conveys a message, question, or motivation. A sentence acts as a separate statement, is characterized by intonation and semantic completeness and has a grammatical basis consisting of the main members - the subject and the predicate or one of them.

For example:

In addition to the main members, a sentence may also contain secondary ones (addition, definition, circumstance).

Based on the presence or absence of minor members, proposals are common:

and uncommon:

Modern syntax uses next classification offers:

According to the purpose of the statement, proposals are divided into:

1. Narrative (report about an event), for example:

Last year's leaves rustled sadly underfoot;

2. Incentives (induce action, contain a request or order), such as:

Let's compliment each other!

3. Interrogatives that contain a question. For example:

Where does the Motherland begin?

According to the emotional coloring, each of the sentences of these groups can become exclamatory, expressing a special exclamatory intonation.

According to the nature of the grammatical basis of a sentence, there are:

1. One-part, when of the main members there is either only the composition of the subject, or only the composition of the predicate, for example:

2. Two-part, when there is a composition of both the subject and the predicate:

Based on the presence or absence of all members necessary for understanding, proposals can be:

1. Complete, for example:

2. Incomplete:

In addition, in modern syntax there are two main structural types of sentences - simple and complex.

A complex sentence can be thought of as a combination of several simple sentences (two or more), in which each part does not have all the properties of a simple sentence. In particular, they do not have semantic and intonation completeness, and the intonation of the end of a sentence is inherent only in a complex sentence as a whole. All components complex sentence together form a semantic, grammatical and intonation unity, which in writing is formalized by completion marks at the end of the sentence (period, question mark, exclamation point, ellipsis).

Complex sentences have two or more grammatical stems.

The semantic relationships between the parts of a complex sentence are varied.

For example:

[The wind blows]1, and [after a minute or two everything disappears in the darkness]2.

In this example, the second part of the complex sentence adds the meaning of a consequence to the content of the first part.

Parts of a complex sentence are connected to each other through intonation or conjunctions, and are separated in writing by punctuation marks: comma, semicolon, colon or dash, called separation or emphasis marks.

Depending on the means of communication of simple sentences as part of a complex one, they are divided into conjunctive and non-conjunctive, and conjunctive, in turn, into complex and complex.

We know that a compound sentence is a complex sentence in which the parts of the sentence are equal to each other and are connected by coordinating conjunctions and intonation.

For example:

[Spring begins slowly], and [autumn creeps up unnoticed].

Scheme, and.

The semantic connection between the parts of a complex sentence is determined by the conjunctions by which they are connected.

We know the groups of these unions:

Connective (and, yes (in the meaning of and), neither...nor, also, also, not only...but also, both...so and;

Dividing (that...that, not that...not that, or, or);

Adverse (a, but, yes (meaning but), however, but).

For example:

[The young leaves babbled] and [the birds sang].

This compound sentence expresses the simultaneity of actions, conveyed using the coordinating conjunction yes (meaning and).

Now [the fog covered everything], then [it started to rain].

In this complex sentence, the coordinating disjunctive conjunction this...that brings the meaning of alternation of events.

[There was no month], but [the stars shone brightly in the black sky].

In this complex sentence, the coordinating adversative conjunction but introduces the meaning of contrasting one action with another.

The final stage in the study of complex sentences is syntactic analysis, which allows you to bring together all the knowledge about the sentence, both simple and complex.

You can imagine the following plan for syntactic parsing of a complex sentence:

1. Determine the type of sentence by the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative) and by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

2. Identify simple sentences as part of a complex one, indicate their number and highlight their grammatical bases.

3. Specify the type of connection between simple sentences as part of a complex (union or non-union).

4. If there is a conjunction between the parts, then note which sentence is compound or complex.

5. In a complex sentence, indicate coordinating conjunctions(conjunctive, disjunctive, adversative), connecting simple sentences.

6. Name the semantic relationships between the parts of the sentence (simultaneity of actions, sequence, alternation, opposition).

7. Next, work with each simple sentence as part of a complex one, indicating the type of sentence by the presence of minor members, two-part or one-part, complete or incomplete, complicated or uncomplicated).

8. Create a graphic diagram of a complex sentence.

Consider the following example.

This sentence is narrative in purpose of the statement, non-exclamatory in emotional connotation, complex, and consists of two parts.

The first grammatical basis - the boat was rocking, the second - it was playing.

The connection between sentences is conjunctive, coordinating, which means the sentence as a whole is complex.

The means of communication is the adversative conjunction a, expressing opposition.

The first simple sentence The boat swayed on the waves of the sea - common, two-part, complete, uncomplicated.

The second simple sentence it played under the glare of the sun - common, two-part, complete, uncomplicated.

Scheme: , a.

§ 2 Punctuation analysis of a complex sentence

Syntax is closely related to another linguistic science - punctuation, which studies punctuation marks, their purpose and correct positioning in a sentence.

In modern linguistics, there is also punctuation analysis, which involves “analyzing the punctuation marks present in a sentence, explaining each case of the placement or absence of a sign using the appropriate rules.”

Can you imagine the following plan? punctuation analysis compound sentence:

1. Signs of completion.

2. Signs of separation between simple sentences - parts of a complex sentence.

3. Punctuation marks at the level of a simple sentence included in a complex sentence.

Consider the following example.

At the end of the sentence there is a completion sign - a period, since the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory.

Between the first simple sentence “The air breathes the aroma of spring” and the second “all nature is revived,” a comma is placed before the conjunction - a sign of separation between simple sentences as part of a complex sentence.

In the end, we can conclude that any complex sentence is not a mechanical sum of two or more simple sentences, since it arises additional information, which is much richer than that conveyed by simple sentences. Thanks to the use of complex sentences, our speech becomes more varied, fuller and more expressive.

List of used literature:

Rosenthal D.E. Practical stylistics of the Russian language: Textbook for universities. – M.: graduate School, 1977.- 316 p.
Egorova N.V. Lesson developments in the Russian language: a universal guide. 9th grade. – M.: VAKO, 2007. – 224 p.
Bogdanova G.A. Russian language lessons in 9th grade: a book for teachers. – M.: Education, 2007. – 171 p.
Baranov M.T. Russian language: Reference materials: a manual for students. – M.: Education, 2007. – 285 p.

Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of elementary and high school. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. It includes the characteristics and outline of the sentence, analysis by members indicating parts of speech.

The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. The full set of features of a simple sentence is indicated in the 8th grade, and in the 9th grade the focus is on complex sentences.

In this type of analysis, the levels of morphology and syntax are correlated: the student must be able to identify parts of speech, recognize their forms, find conjunctions, understand how words are connected in a phrase, know the signs of the main and minor members of a sentence.

Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade. IN elementary school the student remembers the sequence of analysis and performs it at an elementary level, indicating the grammatical basis, syntactic connections between words, the type of sentence in terms of the composition and purpose of the statement, learns to draw up diagrams and find homogeneous members.

In elementary schools, different Russian language programs are used, so the level of requirements and student preparation are different. In the fifth grade, I took in children who studied in elementary school under the programs of the educational system "School 2100", "School of Russia" and "Primary School of the 21st Century". There are also big differences. Elementary school teachers do a tremendous job to compensate for the shortcomings of their textbooks, and they themselves “lay” continuity between primary and secondary schools.

In grade 5, the material on sentence analysis is generalized, expanded and built into more full form, in grades 6-7 it is improved taking into account newly studied morphological units (verb forms: participle and gerund; adverb and state category; function words: prepositions, conjunctions and particles).

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format.

In 4th grade	In 5th grade
In a simple sentence, the grammatical basis is highlighted, familiar parts of speech are indicated above the words, homogeneous members are emphasized, phrases are written out, or syntactic connections between words are drawn. Scheme: [O -, O]. Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, common, with homogeneous predicates. Noun (main word) + adj., Ch. (main word) + noun. Ch. (main word) + place. Adverb + verb (main word)	Syntactic connections are not drawn, phrases are not written out, the scheme and basic notations are the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. Analysis is constantly practiced in lessons and participates in grammatical tasks in control dictations.
In a complex sentence, the grammatical basics are emphasized, the parts are numbered, familiar parts of speech are signed over the words, the type is indicated according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring, according to the composition and presence of minor members. Parsing scheme: [O and O] 1, 2, and 3. Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, widespread.	The scheme remains the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, consists of 3 parts that are connected by a non-union and union connection, 1 part has homogeneous members, all parts are two-part and widespread. Analysis of a complex sentence in grade 5 is for educational purposes and is not a means of control.
Sentence patterns with direct speech: A: “P!” or "P," - a. The concept of quotation is introduced, which coincides in design with direct speech.	The diagrams are supplemented by a break in direct speech with the words of the author: “P, - a. - P.” and "P, - a, - p". The concept of dialogue and ways of its design are introduced. Schemes are drawn up, but sentences with direct speech are not characterized.

Plan for parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Find out the type of sentence by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory or exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence, underline it and indicate the methods of expression, indicate that the sentence is simple.

4. Determine the composition of the main members of the proposal (two-part or one-part).

5. Determine the presence of minor members (common or non-common).

6. Emphasize the minor members of the sentence, indicate the ways of expressing them (parts of speech): from the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate.

7. Determine the presence of missing members of the sentence (complete or incomplete).

8. Determine the presence of a complication (complicated or not complicated).

9. Write down the characteristics of the proposal.

10. Create an outline of the proposal.

For analysis, we used sentences from Sergei Kozlov’s wonderful fairy tales about the Hedgehog and the Little Bear.

1) It was an extraordinary autumn day!

2) Everyone’s duty is to work.

3) Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and began to play their squeaky violins.

4) He has neither a father, nor a mother, nor a Hedgehog, nor a Bear.

5) And Belka took some nuts and a cup and hurried after.

6) And they put things in a basket: mushrooms, honey, a teapot, cups - and went to the river.

7) Pine needles, fir cones, and even cobwebs - they all straightened up, smiled and began to sing with all their might the last autumn song of the grass.

8) The Hedgehog lay, covered up to his nose with a blanket, and looked at the Little Bear with quiet eyes.

9) The hedgehog sat on a hill under a pine tree and looked at the moonlit valley, flooded with fog.

10) Across the river, the forest was dark, blazing with aspens.

11) So until the evening they ran, jumped, jumped off the cliff and screamed at the top of their lungs, setting off the stillness and silence of the autumn forest.

12) And he jumped like a real kangaroo.

13) Water, where are you running?

14) Maybe he's gone crazy?

15) It seems to me that he imagined himself... as the wind.

Examples of parsing simple sentences

Middle and high school students regularly face the problem of how to conduct an analysis in the Russian literary language.

Parsing is done in accordance with a certain scheme. This topic in school course allows identify sentence structure, characterize it, which reduces punctuation illiteracy.

What does parsing show?

There are four main types of parsing: phonetic, morphological, compositional and syntactic. The latter is understood as the analysis or parsing of syntactic units with primary highlighting the grammatical basis. The analysis is carried out according to the approved algorithm of actions: highlight the terms + characterize them + draw a diagram.

Schoolchildren, having studied eleven grades, sometimes do not know what parsing a sentence is. They talk about analysis as analysis by composition. This is incorrect, since only individual lexemes are analyzed according to their composition. As for a bunch of words expressing a complete thought, in elementary school the process is called analysis of proposals by members. At the same time, in the middle and high school he gains more deep meaning. Based on this, it is necessary to remember once and for all that analysis of sentences by composition is not carried out in Russian language classes.

The answer here is obvious - everyone knows the subject, indicating an object or object, and the predicate - to actions performed first. To make the speech clearer and the statement complete, the main members are supplemented by secondary ones, which have a set of features.

The secondary members of the sentence allow us to reveal a holistic picture of the events taking place. Their goal is to explain describe the actions of the main predecessors.

At the next stage, you will have to parse the sentence according to. Here we mean how its members are expressed. Each has several options, you need to choose the right one by asking the question:

vile – noun, place;
tale - ch., cr. adj., noun;
def. – adj., place., number;
add. – noun, place;
obst. – adverb, noun. with a pretext.

Taking into account the above, a more or less clear idea emerges of what syntactic parsing of a sentence is. In short, it is a complex analysis of related lexemes that express a complete thought.

Characteristics of syntactic units

You need to know the criteria that a lexeme has in order to implement detailed description. The characteristics of a sentence in the text presuppose a certain algorithm.

Define the type:

according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive);
by emotional-expressive coloring (by intonation) - exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

We find the grammatical basis.

We talk sequentially about each member of the sentence and the means of their expression.

We describe the structure of a syntactic unit. For a simple sentence:

by composition: one-part (defined-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, nominative) or two-part;
by prevalence: widespread or not widespread;
by completeness: complete or incomplete.
what is complicated: homogeneous members, interjections, address, introductory constructions.

Determine which This type includes a complex sentence:

compound sentences (CCS) - they are indicated by simple parts connected by a coordinating conjunction;
complex sentences (CSS) - we establish the main word, as well as the subordinate word, based on the question and the peculiarity of construction (what the subordinate word refers to, how the subordinate word is attached), we determine the type of the latter;
non-union complex sentence (BCS) - we establish how many simple parts the syntactic unit consists of, determining the meaning of each (simultaneity, sequence, opposition, etc.).

We give the reasoning for why we put these are the punctuation marks.

If the task involves drawing up a diagram, then we do it.

It is more difficult to parse a complex sentence.

There's more here parameters for analysis.

After the complex sentence from the examples has been parsed into simple parts, we proceed to analyze each of them separately.

Following the algorithm, the student will not have problems completing the task number 4.

How to make a diagram

It is not always enough to parse a simple sentence correctly to get an excellent grade. The student must also be able to draw up diagrams of the units being described.

Highlight the subject by underlining it with one line, and the predicate with two lines.
Find the minor members, underlining them according to generally accepted rules.
Sentences with a revolution or participle are highlighted as follows and are indicated in the final diagram. Dee participle phrase is highlighted on both sides by vertical lines, and a dot/dotted line is emphasized. Participial phrase stands out on both sides with vertical lines, and is emphasized by a wavy line.
The conjunction is not included in the scheme of a complex sentence; it is taken outside the framework of the stem. But complex sentences include it in the subordinate clause. Conjunctions and allied words are enclosed in an oval.

Important! Before you create a sentence diagram, you need to learn how to graphically designate homogeneous members. They are enclosed in a circle, and an address that is not a member of a syntactic unit is denoted in the diagram by the letter “O” and separated by two vertical lines. Do the same with introductory words.

Scheme of proposal It’s easy to make up direct speech. Here it is important to separate one part from the other, i.e. the author's words from direct speech, placing appropriate punctuation marks between them.

Example of parsing a simple sentence

Let's write down an example and start analyzing.

I have not seen a lake more magnificent than Baikal.

Stage I: analysis of the proposal by members:

“I” – vile, expressed personal. places;
“Didn’t see” – simple ch. tale, expressed verb. will express it in the form. incl. past vr.;

Stage II: Let's find out which members of the sentence form the grammatical basis. Here it will be “I didn’t see”, so we are dealing with a simple sentence.

In a specific example, all minor members joined the predicate:

didn’t see (what?) the lake – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.;
lake (which one?) is more magnificent – disagree, def, expressed adj. in compare degrees;
more magnificent (what?) than Baikal – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.

Stage III: at the end of the process they give general characteristics simple sentence in Russian:

by structure - two-part, widespread, complete;
according to the purpose of the statement - narrative;
intonation - non-exclamatory, therefore, at the end there is a punctuation mark - a period.

Stage IV: syntactic analysis a simple sentence presupposes the scheme [- =].

More problems causes parsing of a sentence with participial phrase. See his examples below.

Sample: Behind the swamp, blazing with birches, a grove was visible.

Characteristics: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate dep. about.

Scheme: [, I adverbial phrase I, = — ].

Syntactic units complicated by homogeneous members and phrases are parsed in a similar way.

Simple sentences with participles should receive an objective assessment. They indicate which member the entire turn is, then its parts are parsed into words.

Sample: The moon had just emerged from behind a hill and was illuminating the translucent, small, low clouds.

Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, homogeneous tales. connected by a non-repeating conjunction “and”, therefore a comma is not placed between them, but commas must be placed between definitions, they have a non-union connection, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous tales. and def.

Scheme: [- = and = O, O, O].

Analysis of complex sentences

Home exercises in Russian regularly contain a mandatory task under the number 4. There are various examples here: SSP, SPP, BSP.

Always, when parsing a complex sentence, you need to start it with finding the grammatical basis.

Complex sentences need to be analyzed based on the definition of the main and subordinate clauses.

The analysis of syntactic units with several subordinate clauses is carried out according to the general plan, as it would be done analysis of the proposal by composition, but indicating the type of subordination and the combination of these types. Below are samples complex sentences with examples, with diagrams, clearly demonstrating analysis.

Sample SPP with sequential obedience: The kids reported that they picked those daisies that their grandmother loved.

Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, complex, conjunction, its parts are connected subordinating connection with sequential subordination, consists of two simple ones.

Scheme: [- =], (which = (which = -).

Sample BSC: Life is given once, and you want to live it cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully.

Characteristics: narrative, non-vocal, complex sentence, has two grammatical bases, conjunctive, complex. The conjunction “and” expresses simultaneity. The 2nd simple sentence is complicated by homogeneous objects. condition.

Scheme: [- =], and [=].

BSP sample: The wind howls, thunder rumbles.

Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, complex non-union.

Scheme: [- =], [- =].

Parsing a simple sentence

How to parse

Conclusion

If you have sentences and examples with diagrams before your eyes, then visual memory automatically works. This helps a lot control dictations and independent. This way you can learn automatically and parse accurately proposals (if the examples are chosen correctly) cover all the criteria necessary for the analysis.

Not all schoolchildren find it easy to fully parse a sentence. We will tell you correct sequence actions that will help you cope with such a task more easily.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into:

narrative – "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
interrogative – “Rus, where are you going?”(N. Gogol);
incentive – “My friend, let’s dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: there is no need to invent intrigues and plots. Take advantage of the stories that life itself provides."(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

Target interrogative sentences– obtain from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the sentence. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e. does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - a pathetic expression of a thought, idea, expression of the speaker’s attitude towards something, etc.

The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the recipient of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not in the structure of the sentence itself, but in the intonation of the speaker.

Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence.

At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, proposals are divided into:

exclamation points - “What a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
non-exclamation - “The thought flies, but the words walk step by step”(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what kind of sentence it is:

simple sentence - “Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, drives him into a frenzy”(F. Dostoevsky);
complex sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much misery and unhappiness in their lives arises from laziness.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.

First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a full set of main members of the sentence or the absence of any of them, can be:

one-piece - “It is not difficult to despise the court of people, but it is impossible to despise your own court”(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. A fairy-tale palace, open for everyone to see. Clearings of forest roads looking into lakes"(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
two-part – “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).

Indicate which main member is present in the one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominative) and verbal (there is a predicate: definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if the sentence has minor members.

Depending on the presence/absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

widespread – “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
uncommon – “The seizure is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine full offer or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. Incomplete ones lack any of the major or minor members. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

full offer - “Prishvin’s words bloom and sparkle”(K. Paustovsky);
incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - I’m Anochka.”(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete sentence, indicate which parts of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence can be complicated or not complicated by introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or dissociated members sentences, direct speech. Examples of simple complex sentences:

“Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was magnificent”(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
“He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not in personal charm, not in past military merits, not in military talent, but in everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle.”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, they designate the subject and predicate, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

In this case, indicate the grammatical basis; if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample parsing sentence:

Oral analysis: narrative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the doorman trampled, was about to move, did not, stopped, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, separate definition(participial phrase), isolated circumstance(adverbial phrase).
Written analysis: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, g/o the doorman trampled, was about to move, didn’t, stopped, spread, complicated. homogeneous. tale, isolated def. (participial turnover), separate. society (adverbial turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how connections exist between parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

allied - “Those who strive for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit”(L. Tolstoy);
non-union - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and clear, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what ties the parts of a complex sentence together:

intonation;
coordinating conjunctions;
subordinating conjunctions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the connection between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this connection is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification of complex sentences:

compound sentence (SSP) - “My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange” (I. Turgenev);
complex sentence (SPP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
complex non-union proposal(BSP) - “I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor” (A. Pushkin);
offer with different types connections - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act, and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentence can be expressed different signs punctuation: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the connections between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

what does the subordinate clause refer to;
whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
what question does it answer?

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate clauses, describe the relationships between them:

sequential - “I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle fell off” (K. Paustovsky);
parallel - “We must accurately take into account the environment in which a poetic work develops, so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance” (V. Mayakovsky);
homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or whether the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all members of the sentence and indicate by what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Outline the sentence.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of subordinate part. Look at a sample parsing of a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme for syntactic parsing of a sentence proposed by us will help to correctly characterize the sentence according to all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instructions, a complex task will become clearer and simpler, will help you master the material and consolidate it in practice.

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