Punctuation analysis. Direct speech and dialogue Punctuation analysis of the sentence dew is silvering dew is silvering

1. Read. Title the text. Write down sentences with direct speech and construct their diagrams.

The morning singing of birds is discordant and hasty, but it is precisely in this haste, in the interruptions and overflows of discord that all the novelty of a forest summer morning lies.

Some tiny birdie opened her eyes, saw fresh oily greenery around her, pearly drops of dew, and whistled in surprise: “I see branches, I see branches!” And the other one had already soared above the top of the tree, closed her eyes from the flashing light and hurried notify: "Sun! The sun is rising!” “The dew is silvering, the dew is silvering!” they answer her from below, from a thick hazel bush. “Vit?” asks the finch, circling around the undercooked nest. “Vit, vit!” - they hastily answer him. And he, getting down to business, whistles all over the edge: “I see, I see...” Birds chirp, whistle, click, interrupt each other, fill the forest with bustle and the hubbub of awakening.

(According to V. Poltoratsky.)

What synonyms (see picture below) cannot be used instead of the highlighted word? Why?

2. Write down the writers’ statements about the Russian language as direct speech. Compose the author's words from the writer's last name, first name, patronymic and the verbs given on the right. Place the second statement after the author’s words.

3. Look at the picture below. Describe it (orally).

Record the dialogue between grandmother and grandchildren.

When a sentence is written on the board and all the spellings in the words are explained, the student usually begins to perform oral punctuation analysis.

How to do it correctly? In what order should we name the conditions for placing punctuation marks? These and many other questions are relevant for middle and high schools.

Punctuation analysis differs significantly from syntactic analysis, which is familiar to schoolchildren symbol under the number 4. It is unacceptable to confuse them! The purpose of syntactic analysis is to characterize the sentence, its structure and meaning.

Why is punctuation analysis needed? It helps to apply punctograms, find the boundaries of semantic segments, and follow the rules of punctuation. Sentences that are already punctuated are suitable for analysis. To complicate the analysis, the teacher offers texts with missing punctuation marks.

When performing punctuation analysis, they pay attention to the structure of the sentence. It is not only the presence of main and minor members, the number of grammatical bases and parts of the sentence that matters; it is also important to determine the ways of expressing the minor members of the sentence and their order, and to find out the intonation features of the sentence.

Here are two proposals, let's analyze them.

1) Seryozha and Petya met one day in the yard, shoveled snow on a bench and sat down. 2) What can be done?

In the first declarative sentence Only two characters are used: a comma, separating homogeneous predicates, and a period. In the second there is only one question mark, because there is a question word at the beginning of the sentence.

When there are no punctuation marks inside a sentence, do you need to pay attention to it? Yes, it is necessary to clarify the conditions for the absence of signs. Let's look at an example.

Aunt Tanya treated the skates as a family heirloom.

In this sentence, except for the period, there is no sign inside. But it was possible to mistakenly place a comma before the conjunction HOW. Why wasn't the sign put up? Because there is a condition that prohibits a comma: the semantic segment AS TO A FAMILY HEIRLIC has the meaning “as a quality.”

The punctuation analysis plan involves only a few points. This analysis is usually performed orally, therefore, for the convenience of a written description, we number all punctuation marks and explain their placement. We took all sentences for examples from the works of Lyudmila Ulitskaya.

SAMPLE PUNCTUATION PROCEDURE

I. Place of punctuation (end of sentence, simple sentence, complex sentence): punctuation marks are numbered.

II. Conditions punctuation norm(rules for placing/not placing punctuation marks).

III. Punctuation function.

AN EXAMPLE OF PUNCTUATION EXAMPLE

Example 1.

The birch and aspen trees set on fire in the fall brought bright colors into the eyes.1

1 is a completion sign in a simple declarative sentence.

Explanation: there is no comma between homogeneous subjects connected by a single conjunction AND, there is no comma after the participial phrase BURNED IN AUTUMN, standing before the attributive word BIRCH AND ASPEN.

Example 2.

Skating was,1 of course,2 the number one event during those holidays.3

1 and 2 - commas highlight introductory word with the meaning of confidence,

Example 3.

On the ninth of January,1 at the end of the holidays,2 we celebrated Sanya’s birthday.3

1 and 2 - commas highlight a clarifying member of the sentence, expressed by circumstance time,

3 is a sign of completion in a simple narrative sentence.

Example 4.

Anna Alexandrovna called girls 1 “young ladies” 2,3 boys 4 “young people” 5...6

1, 2 and 4, 5 - the character’s statements are highlighted in quotation marks (a way of formatting someone else’s speech),

3 - a comma separates homogeneous complements,

6 - a sign of completion in a simple narrative sentence (the ellipsis indicates the incompleteness of the statement).

Example 5.

Everything around seemed unusually clear and unprecedentedly beautiful: 1 and white birch trunks, 2 and bright leaves, 3 and pale blue, 4 like a faded sky.5

1 - we place a colon in front of a series of homogeneous members, since there is a generalizing word ALL,

2, 3 - commas separate homogeneous subjects, connected by repeating conjunctions.

4 - a comma highlights a comparative phrase with the conjunction AS FELL,

5 is a sign of completion in a simple declarative sentence.

Example 6.

One morning, 1 going out into the yard, 2 Sergei saw the roof of the barn, white with frost, 3 graying earth, 4 caught by frost, 5 hardened grass, 6 covered with rare snow, 7 like salt.8

1, 2 - commas highlight isolated circumstance, expressed dee participial phrase GOING OUTSIDE THE YARD,

3, 5 - commas separate homogeneous complements,

4, 5 - comma highlights isolated definition, expressed by the participial phrase PICKED BY FROST, after the defined word EARTH,

6, 7 - a comma identifies a separate definition, expressed by the participial phrase COVERED WITH RARE SNOW, after the word being defined GRASS,

7 - a comma highlights a comparative phrase with the conjunction LIKE,

8 is a sign of completion in a simple narrative sentence.

Example 7.

Poetry -1 is the heart of literature,2 the highest concentration of all the best3 that exists in the world and in man.4

1 - a dash separates the subject and predicate, expressed by a noun in the Nominal case,

2 - a comma separates homogeneous predicates,

3 - a comma separates the subordinate clause complex sentence from the main one,

4 is a sign of completion in a simple declarative sentence.

Explanation: there is no comma between homogeneous members, connected by a single conjunction I.

Example 8.

The beauty of the earth disturbed Sergei’s heart,1 reminded him of past days,2 so vividly imprinted in his memory.3

1 - a comma in the middle of a simple sentence separates homogeneous predicates,

2 - a comma highlights a separate definition, expressed by the participial phrase SO BRIGHTLY IMPRINTED IN THE MEMORY, after the defined word DAYS,

3 - a period completes a declarative sentence.

Example 9.

The trees ended at the level of the fifth floor,1 from the balcony only the finely curly tops of two ash trees were visible,2 and the ground beneath them was barely visible.3

1 - a comma in the middle separates the parts complex sentence(demon allied connection),

2 - a comma separates parts of a complex sentence (coordinating connection),

3 - a period completes a declarative complex sentence.

Example 10.

There was such silence in the forest1 that the chirping of tits2 jumping on the branches3 seemed unusually loud.4

1 - a comma in the middle separates parts of a complex sentence (subordinate connection),

2 and 3 - paired commas highlight a separate definition in the subordinate part of a complex sentence, expressed by the participial phrase JUMPING ON THE BRANCHES, after the word being defined, TITS,

4 - a period completes a declarative complex sentence.

Some sentences may contain several punctuation marks, and in this case you need to decide in what sequence to do the punctuation analysis. It is logical to go from the end to those punctuation marks that are inside the sentence. But a sequential approach is also possible - according to the order of the signs.

Literature

1. Bednarskaya L.D. Classification of spelling and punctuation errors made by students in written works / Russian language at school. - 2008. - No. 8.

2. Blinov G.I. Punctuation analysis / Russian language at school. - 1985. - No. 3.

3. Nikerov A.I. About complete punctuation analysis in Russian language lessons / Russian language at school. - 1989. - No. 6.

Parsing plan

1. Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement, according to the emotional coloring.
2. Simple sentences as part of a complex sentence, their grammatical foundations.
3. Type of connection between simple sentences in a complex one (conjunctive, non-conjunctive).
4. Coordinating conjunctions (conjunctive, adversative, disjunctive), connecting simple sentences into the complex.

1. The semantic meaning of a complex sentence (enumeration, opposition, alternation of events).
2. 7, 8. Analysis of simple sentences in complex ones (see Appendix).

Sample parsing

The air breathes the aroma of spring, and all nature comes to life. (M. Lermontov.)

Oral analysis

The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory. Consists of two simple sentences. In the first, the grammatical basis the air breathes aroma, in the second - nature comes to life. The connection between sentences is conjunctive. Means of communication - connecting union And. The relations are enumerative.

Written analysis

The air breathes the aroma of spring, and all nature comes to life.

Declarative, non-exclamative, conjunction, enumeration relations.

75. Produce parsing two compound sentences orally, two compound sentences in writing. Which assumption will you not analyze? Why?

1. The sun had already disappeared, and the shadows of the night were quickly approaching from the direction of the forest. (L. Tolstoy.) 2. Black cloud, stretching to the west, because of its torn edges, opened starry sky, and the inverted golden horn of the month glowed red over the mountains. (L. Tolstoy.) 3. Now the sun shines dimly, now a black cloud hangs. (N. Nekrasov.) 4. Everything is visible through the darkness, but it is difficult to make out the color and outlines of objects. (A. Chekhov.) 5. The sounds did not break the silence, did not awaken the frozen air, but drove nature into slumber. (A. Chekhov.) 6. The stream babbled softly, but all these sounds did not break the silence, did not awaken the frozen air. (A. Chekhov.)

Punctuation analysis plan

1. Signs of completion.
2. Signs of separation between simple sentences in a compound sentence.
3. Marks of separation and emphasis in sentences.

Sample punctuation analysis

Beauty does not look at good, but people become kinder from it. (M. Prishvin.)

Oral analysis

At the end of the sentence there is a completion sign - a period, since the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory. Between the first simple sentence (Beauty does not look good...) and the second (...people become kinder from it) before the union But a comma is placed - a sign of separation between simple sentences in a complex sentence.

Written analysis

76. Perform a punctuation analysis of two sentences orally and two in writing.

1. Abundant dew flooded the grass and leaves, but the heat was already penetrating into the forest itself. (I. Turgenev.) 2. Precipitous coast it was all overgrown with weeds, and tall reeds grew along the small hollow between it and the channel. (N. Gogol.) 3. Now it seemed like fog fell, then suddenly it began to rain slantingly. (L. Tolstoy.) 4. There was no summer yet, but only the rains kept coming and going, and the sky was breathing cold. (M. Chekhov.) 5. The sun had set recently, but it was already dark. (A. Chekhov.)

77. Write down the sentence The day calmly slumbers over the quiet fields, and the charm of the evening's thoughts wafts. (I. Bunin.) and perform a full syntactic analysis of it.

Repetition

Control questions

1. What sentences are called compound sentences?
2. What groups are they divided into based on the semantic relations of simple sentences and why?
3. When are connecting conjunctions used in a complex sentence? separating? nasty? Give examples.
4. What means of communication, other than conjunctions, is used to connect simple sentences into complex ones?
5. What punctuation marks are used in a complex sentence and when?

78. Copy from books, newspapers, and magazines at least six complex sentences with different conjunctions and different semantic relationships between simple sentences.

79. Write it down using punctuation marks. Emphasize grammatical basics. What types of complex sentences are used in the text? Determine the text type. Perform syntactic analysis of a complex sentence. Explain the placement of the dash in the first sentence. What makes the second sentence difficult?

The days became shorter and clearer - the air... The nights became longer and darker and different voices began to sound in the night - the moan of a crane in the slate-black sky - the sad call of geese - the restrained cackling of geese and the whistling of duck wings.

(M. Sholokhov.)

80. Write down excerpts from the works of N.V. Gogol. Emphasize grammatical basics in complex sentences. Explain how simple sentences are connected and divided into complex ones.

1. A boat appeared black along the wide Dnieper, and something seemed to flash in the castle again. Danilo whistled quietly, and the faithful lad ran out to the whistle.

2. The tired sun departed from the world, having calmly blazed through its afternoon and morning; and the fading day blushed captivatingly and brightly. ...The conversation noticeably became less frequent and muffled, and the tired tongues of the out-sellers, peasants and gypsies turned lazier and slower. Here and there a light began to sparkle, and the fragrant steam from the boiling dumplings wafted through the quiet streets.

81. Read excerpts from the works of V. M. Garshin. What types of complex sentences did the writer use? You write compound sentences and parse them.

1. Here is the embankment. Huge buildings on one side, and on the other - the blackened Neva. Soon the ice will break, the river will be blue. The park on the other side will turn green. The islands will also be covered with greenery. Even though it’s St. Petersburg, it’s still spring.

2. The sea rustled far below, the wind became fresher. The English steamer emerged from a strip of moonlight, and it shone, solid, and shimmered with thousands of matte-brilliant splashes, entering the endless distance of the sea and becoming brighter and brighter. I didn’t want to get up from the bench, tear myself away from this picture and go to the sixth room of the hotel where Vasily Petrovich was staying. However, it was already too late; he got up and walked along the boulevard.

3. The pocket watch lying on the desk sang two notes hastily and monotonously. The difference between these notes is difficult to discern even with a delicate ear, and to their owner, a pale gentleman sitting in front of this table, the tapping of the clock seemed like a whole song.

82. From these sentences, write down only complex ones. Parse the first of the written sentences into members. What rules do you need to know to correctly insert the missing letters?

I. 1. The forest in which the massacre was supposed to take place was located a quarter of a mile from Hanau. 2. This path soon turned into a path and, finally, with (everything) and... crossed by a ditch. 3. The play lasted for more than an hour, but Marya Nikolaevna and Sanin soon stopped looking at the stage. 4. She turned off the highway and galloped along a narrow, unmarked path that really seemed to be heading towards the mountains.

(I. Turgenev.)

II. 1. The cart with the passengers we knew drove up...at that time onto the bridge, and the river in all its beauty and size...like solid glass, spread out in front of them. (N. Gogol.) 2. The day was quiet and the sun was shining. (N. Gogol.) 3. The first transition was (not) long: from Chisinau to the villages of Gaureni only eighteen miles. (V. Garshin.)

Baranova M.T Homework on the Russian language for grade 6: Educational and practical guide - M.: “Prosveshchenie”, 2000. - 126 p.
Download(direct link) : domrabotpors2006.pdf Previous 1 .. 3 > .. >> Next
Fatherland - homeland, fatherland. About greenery - noun. (Why?) about greenery.
Greenery; nat., inanimate., g. R., 3 pages, only units. h., vP. P.
About greenery.
all "-ku-yu
[v] - acc., sound, tv.
[s"] - agree, deaf, soft.
[a] - v., beat.
[k] - agree., deaf., tv.
[y] - v., unsound.
[th] - agree, sound, soft.
[y] - v., unsound.
6 letters, 7 sounds.
30. 1) How beautiful the forest is in the crimson pattern of autumn!
2) After air and water, the forest is the third gift of nature to man.
3) Guys, how many trees have you planted this year? What you
made to protect green spaces? „ ґ~\ ґ~\ ґ--\ ґ~\
Planted - garden, garden, plantings, planted, planted, planted.
9
31.___
Part of speech_Member of sentence examples
Noun Subject (v.p.); predicate (vI.p.); addition, circumstance (in all cases) Moscow is the capital of Russia.
Adjective Definition predicate (usually in the radical form) Autumn weather cold.
Verb predicate We planted trees.
Adverb adverb He can run fast.
32. 1) In the school garden, students cut dry branches on fruit trees: apple trees, cherries, plums.
2) The girls made collections of yellow, crimson, brown autumn leaves to decorate the class.
3) After the friendly work, the guys talked and laughed.
4) The guys took their bags, rakes, shovels and went home.
33. Mushrooms still grow along the edges of the forests: red-headed boletuses, greenish and pink russula, slippery milk mushrooms and saffron milk caps.
Non-distributed offers:
September has arrived. The air is clean and transparent (adj.). Transparent - adj. The air is (what?) transparent. Transparent; quality, round form, m.r., units h. Transparent.
Spread - verb. Voices (what are they doing?) are heard. spread; unsov.v., 2 references, at the present time, 3 l., pl. h. They spread.
By transparent high sky the clouds are running and running.
34. “Sing, little light, don’t be ashamed! What if, sister, with such beauty, you are a master at singing?”
10
“How dare you, insolent one, muddy my clean drink with sand and silt with your unclean snout?” “Don’t leave me, dear godfather!” “Wow, guys, thief!”
Dear light, wicked one!
35. The roots of a tree serve it two services. Take away the roots of a tree and it will die.
The wind blows away, the sunset fades faintly beyond the steppe.
36. 1) Autumn strips the forest, chills the water.
The wind tears off lonely leaves from the trees, whistles and hums at night.m_vtrrba.x. (Narrative, non-vocal, simple, common, complicated by one single predicate.)
2) The cold weather has set in, and more and more often in the mornings the puddles are covered with compact ice.
Clouds hang low above the ground, and the drizzly rain throws small splashes of rain onto the ground.
Lonely - adj. Leaves (what?) are solitary.
Lonely; quality, full, plural h., V.p.
Lonely!.
37. Bonfire.
In the dry leaves, the fire grows stronger and more cheerful, the fire crackles, and the fire burns.
The flames are burning in the face, warm smoke is wafting in the wind, the entire forest slope is covered.
The forest hums on the mountain, the branchy birches bend low, the shadow sways between the trunks.
The golden forests are filled with the shine and noise of leaves on this sunny windy day. (I. Bunin)
Oblique - noun Tightened (what?) the oblique one.
Slope; narit., inanimate, m.r., 2nd volume, led.ch., V.p.
Slope.
Branched - pilag. Beetles (what kind?) are branched. Branched; quality, full, plural h., I. p.
Windy1
11
gu-di"t
[g] - acc., sound, tv.
[y] - v., unsound.
[d"] - agree, sound, soft.
[i] - vl., ud.
[t] - agree., deaf., tv.
5 letters, 5 sounds.
38. The first drops of rain fell and a thunderstorm began. The thunderstorm began when the first drops of rain fell. There was thunder, but no rain came.
He asked me where the store was.
39. The sun stood low in the pale clear sky..
Long shadows ran from the trees, from the bushes, from the tall haystacks.
The sun was already...very high in the Nazi sky, but the fields
were already glistening with dew. g, g,
"[and! [a] [o].
The damp earth is elastic underfoot, the tall dry blades of grass do not move, long threads glisten on the yellowed grass.
(I.S. Turgenev.)
(From) high - adj. From (what?) tall stacks.
High; quality, full, plural, R. p.
Tall.
40. Autumn has come, the leaves are falling. Leaves are falling and people are walking on a golden carpet. I notice what's outside the window it's raining. Birds fly away because it gets cold and hungry.
41. Bird conversations.
1) Some tiny birdie opened her eyes, saw fresh oily greenery around her, pearly drops of dew, and whistled in surprise: “I see branches, I see branches!” 2) And the other one had already soared above the top of the tree, closed her eyes from the flashing light and hurried to announce: “Sun! The Sun is rising!" - “The dew is silvering, the dew is silvering!” - they answer her from below, from a thick hazel bush. 3) “Vit?” - asks the finch, circling around the unhappy nest. 4) “Vit, vit!” - they hastily answer him. 5) And he, getting down to business, whistles all over the edge: “I see, I see...”
12
Novelty - noun. (What?) novelty.
Novelty; Narits., inanimate, female, 1st volume, led. h., I. p.
Novelty.
View
[v"] - agree, sound, soft [th] - agree, sound, soft [y] - vowel, beat. Zb., 3 stars
1) A: “P!” 2) A: “P!P!” - "P!" - A. 3) “P?” - A. 4) “P!” - A. 5) A: “P...”
42. The tall pine tree asked the woodpecker:

Lesson objectives:

1. Introduce students during a collective research work with sentence-period like special kind complex sentence, its structure, intonation and punctuation.
2. Show the stylistic possibilities of the period sentence.
3. Raise general level development and culture of students, to cultivate a love for the Russian word.

During the classes

1.Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

2. Collective research work.

1) A sentence is projected onto the screen:

Who (not, not) ever (wasn’t) on the top of Ivan the Great, who (not, not) ever (didn’t) happen to take one look at our ancient capital from end to end, who (n_) once (not, not) admired this majesty (n, nn) ​​oh, almost (in)visible p_n_frame, - he (does not) have a clue about Moscow. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

2) Complete tasks:

1. Write down the sentence and explain the missing letters.
2. How did you understand the expression “at the top of Ivan the Great”?
3. Choose a synonym for the word panorama.
4. Parse the sentence.
5. Indicate the parts of the sentence as part of a complex sentence.
6. What is the intonation pattern of this sentence?

Which sign cannot you explain yet? (Dash)

A sentence similar to what we have written down is called a period (from the Greek periodos - circle, detour, rotation). This is a relatively complete, semantically complete, complex sentence, clearly divided into two opposite parts. The first part consists of a number of homogeneous units and is pronounced in a rising tone, followed by a pause, the second part of the sentence is pronounced in a lower tone. The first part of the period is called an increase, the second - a decrease.

Such an intonation pattern forms a circle, as it were, since the period opens and closes in the same way in an even pronunciation.

The period is used in artistic and journalistic styles, in upbeat, emotionally expressive speech.

A comma and a dash are placed between the first and second parts of the period.

4. Fixing the material.

1) Work on the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “When the yellowing field is agitated...”

When the yellowing field is agitated,
And the fresh forest rustles with the sound of the breeze,
And the raspberry plum is hiding in the garden
Under the sweet shade of the green leaf;

When sprinkled with fragrant dew
On a ruddy evening or morning at the golden hour,
From under a bush I get a silver lily of the valley
Shakes his head affably;

When the icy spring plays along the ravine
And, plunging my thoughts into some kind of vague dream,
Babbles a mysterious saga to me
About the peaceful land from which he rushes, -

Then the anxiety of my soul is humbled,
Then the wrinkles on the forehead disperse, -
And I can comprehend happiness on earth,
And in the heavens I see God...

A). Read the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov expressively out loud, having previously drawn up its intonation pattern.

b). What is this syntactic construction called? Prove it.

V). Indicate the parts of the sentence as part of a complex sentence. Highlight punctuation marks, explain the placement of dashes.

2) Find a period in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” (chapter 4, stanza 13), write it down, find parts of the period. Explain the stylistic function of this period. Perform a punctuation analysis of the sentence.

Whenever life around home
I wanted to limit;
When would I be a father, a husband?
A pleasant lot has decreed;
When would a family picture
I was captivated for just one moment, -
That's right, except for you alone
I was looking for no other bride.
I will say without madrigal sparkles:
Found my former ideal,
I would probably choose you alone
To the friends of my sad days,
All the best as a pledge,
And I would be happy... as much as I could!

3. Constructing a proposal. Complete the sentence so that the first part of the period consists of 3 parts. Please note that the lexical content of the period sentence must be in harmony with this means of emotional speech.

If we have become literate and well-mannered, if we have learned to be friends and value..., if we understand that it depends on us..., then we owe all this....

4. “Test of the pen”

Periodic speech is often used in poetry for children. It can be very simple and clear:

If frost breathes on the glass,
If snow makes the bushes hard,
If mom is wearing a down shawl, -
This means that the month is February.
(E. Trutneva)

Try to compose a period poem on the theme “Spring”.

If the sun shines brightly
If it's already hot in your fur coat,
If people have no time for sleep, -
This means spring has come to us.

5. Lesson summary.

6. Homework:

Write a period sentence in prose or poetry with temporary or conditional clauses, conveying your feelings in it - joy, admiration, etc. Make intonation, syntactic and punctuation analyzes of the sentence.

References.

1. N. Kozhina. Stylistics of the Russian language. M. Enlightenment. 1993
2. D. E. Rosenthal, I. B. Golub. Secrets of style. M. Iris. 1996
3. S. N. Ikonnikov. Stylistics in the course of the Russian language. M. Enlightenment. 1979