Gorodki is a Russian folk sports game.

First briefly:

1. Playground: The playing area consists of a square (1x1m), “con” lines and two “half-cones”, 10m and 5m away from the square, respectively.
2. Inventory: Each team has 2 bits and 5 ryuhs (towns), from which they build figures in a square.
3. Team: Team composition: 3 people (boys). Each team member has his own serial number from 1 to 3, according to these numbers the participants throw two bats each.
4. Rules of the game: The judge places the pieces in the center of the square. At the referee’s whistle, the team begins to knock out the ryukhi from the square from the “con” line; when one ryukha leaves the square, the players move to the “half-con” line, and knock out the remaining ryukhi from this line; when another ryukhi flies out, the players move to another “half-con” line. . The players begin to knock out a new piece again from the “con” line. Ryukha touching the lines (side and back) is placed on the “butt”. The referee takes into account the bats thrown by the team. Each team's time is not limited, but for deliberate delay of time, a team may be punished with penalty points (1 penalty point - 1 beat). The organizing committee reserves the right to replace some figures with others, having warned the team representatives.
5. Determination of winners: When determining the winners, the following are taken into account:
   • total bits spent on knocking out pieces;
   • the number of bits spent on knocking out one piece (if the total number of bits is the same for two or more teams, the team with the least number of bits spent on pieces gets the advantage).

This ancient Russian game attracts with its daring, the severity of the fight, and the need to show eye and strength. To play towns, you need bits and the towns themselves.

Bits are best made from hard wood. The length of the bits is 75-80 cm, the diameter is 4-5 cm. The towns are made from round birch bars with a diameter of 4-5 cm and a length of 15 cm + 3 cm.

The size of the playground can be very diverse: it can decrease or increase depending on the age of the players.

You can play one-on-one or team-on-team. From five towns, or ryukh, 15 figures are built (see picture): cannon, star, well, artillery, sentries, machine gun nest, shooting range, fork, crankshaft, arrow, cancer, racket, airplane, letter, sickle.

For the guys younger age 5-6 figures are played, for average - up to 10, and for older and trained children - the entire set, i.e. 15 figures.

The team gets the right or left city by lot. The right city strikes first. Each player has two bats. Objective: knock out as many pieces as possible from your city with as few blows as possible. First, all players of one team shoot, then the other.

Everyone makes 2 hits. In the figure, the city figures are numbered - this is, in principle, the order in which they are constructed for knocking out. All figures (except for the “letter”) are placed on the front line of the city.

In the towns, every new piece is knocked off the horse. For example, the first player's first shot is wide. The second blow is a miss again. The second player was luckier: with the first blow, he knocks out one bunch of “cannons” from the city. Now he is already hitting from half-con - 2 more ryukhi are leaving the city. The third player (from half-con!) finishes off the “cannon” with one blow.

A new piece is installed - a “star”, and they begin to knock it out again from the knight.

The most difficult figure is the “letter”. She is the only one who can be eliminated from the race; moreover, she must first eliminate the “central town”. Such a blow is called “unsealing the letter.”

But if, at the same time as the central ryukha, at least one more ryukha is knocked out, then the “letter” will have to be “printed out” again.

When playing towns, a ryuha is considered knocked out if it completely goes beyond the side or back of the city. If it remains on the line or has sunk into the suburbs, then it is necessary to continue to knock it out.

A blow to a gorodoshnik is not counted if, while throwing the bat, he crossed the line of the kon or half-kon.

In the towns, the score is kept by points. The team that spends the least number of bits on all 15 (or 10) pieces earns a point. There may be several periods in the game (and to avoid disputes, it is better to agree on their number in advance).

If you are playing together, it is better to stock up on a dozen bits and throw all ten first to one, then to the other (so as not to run back and forth). In some cases, teams make do with one city - after all, they throw bats in turns. But it is still better for each team to have its own con, half-con, city and exchange them after each period.

They play gorodki in both summer and winter.

A flat place is chosen for the game. The area where the “cities” are drawn must be lined with boards or cemented. Otherwise, it will quickly fail. A mound is made at the back of the site to prevent the bats from flying out too far. Towns are played one-on-one or in teams of 2 to 5 people. Before the start, the first figure is installed in the towns, and by lot one of the teams starts the game. After each player of the first team takes turns hitting 2 bats to knock out the pieces, the other team enters the game. And so on until one of the two teams knocks out the set number of pieces:

1. A gun.
2. Star.
3. Well.
4. Artillery.
5. Machine gun nest.
6. Sentinels.
7. Fork.
8. Arrow.
9. Crankshaft.
10. Rocket.
11. Sickle.
12. Airplane.
13. Closed letter.

Not all figures are used in games: for example, for 9-10 years old - 6 figures - 1, 4, 5, 11, 14, 15; for 11-12 years old - 10 figures - figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are not placed. Any figure begins to be knocked out from the stake. If at least one town is knocked out, then the next bits are thrown from the “half-con”. The last figure, the “closed letter”, is knocked out only from the “con”. Moreover, first the “mark” is knocked out - the town lying in the center. If another town is knocked out along with this one, the blow is not counted, and the towns are put in place. The town is considered knocked out when it completely crosses one of the “city” lines. And the town that flew forward is brought back into the “city” and placed on the front line of the “city”, with the exception of the town that flew to the “suburb”. He leaves the site. The championship of a squad or camp can be held either in a round-robin and Olympic system, or in a mixed system.

The team that wins the game gets 2 points, and the losing team gets 0. In case of a draw, each team is given 1 point.

Personal competitions can also be held based on the number of bits spent. Then a participant who has spent no more than 70 bits for 20 pieces or 145 bits for 40 pieces from a distance of 10 m out of 10 pieces in the game receives the right to be assigned the II youth category.

Site preparation

1. Select a flat horizontal earthen area measuring 30x15 m.
2. Stretch a rope along the edge of the wide side.
3. Having measured 6-7 m from the rope, draw four squares - cities - with a side length of 1.5-2 m. You can draw trapezoids - suburbs - to each of the cities from below horizontally, but you can do without them.
4. Using the same rope, pull it again parallel to the bottom line of the city or suburb, retreating 3-4 m from the edge - depending on the age of the players; boldly draw half-cone lines of 1.5–2 m exactly opposite the city.
5. For the third time, pull the rope at the level of the half-cone line. Measure 2–4 m from it and mark the second starting line – the horse line – also 1.5–2 m long.
6. Remove the rope.

So, the site for playing amateur towns for four teams (5-6 participants each) is ready. With good skill, this takes 20–30 minutes. It will not be difficult to update the site along the old marking lines; this can be done during breaks in the game.

Equipment for the game

For each team, 2–4 bats, 70–80 cm long, are made from strong birch cuttings for shovels, which can be bought at a hardware store (see Fig. 1).

Ryukhi measuring 15–20 cm (5 pcs.), from which the figures are built, are also cut out from cuttings. The vests of each individual team must be painted in their own color, for example yellow, red, white, blue. For each team, you need to provide 2-3 spare pieces, since in the process of knocking out pieces they can get lost in the grass.

In order for the game to proceed dynamically, without failures, you need to make a large layout from whatman paper with images and names of the town figures (see Fig. 2) and glue it to a rigid tripod made of plywood and boards. After all, at the first stage of the game, and in the future, you will have to look at it very often to remember the pieces.

Teaching Methodology

To quickly teach children the game, they are lined up so that they can see the whole process from the side, without getting injured from a bounced bat or rumbling, i.e. students need to be moved 6–7 m away from the site.

Before formation, a special warm-up is carried out (12–15 min.): running, outdoor gear, outdoor play, performing various movements simulating the game of gorodki: stance, swing, throw.

Then 3-4 adults or pre-prepared children begin an educational (explanatory) game (6-8 minutes), focusing the children’s attention on the following:

• There are 15 figures in the game: “cannon”, “star”, “well”, “artillery”, “machine gun nest”, “sentinels”, “shooting gallery”, “fork”, “arrow”, “crankshaft”, “racket” , “cancer”, “sickle”, “plane”, “letter”;
• The distance from the throw line to the pieces is recommended to vary depending on the age of the students - less than 5 m from the half-kon line and less than 10 m from the kon line. If most guys can't hit the target, then the line should be moved closer;
• until the previous figure is completely knocked out of the city, the next one is not established;
• knocking out pieces is carried out starting from the far line of the kon and continues on the half-kon line immediately after the first ryukha knocked out of the city, in turn with 2-3 bits in a row, to make it interesting;
• the player who knocked out runs himself and brings the used bats to the starting line, and then goes beyond the line safe for swinging and throwing - 2-3 m behind the line, where all the team players are;
• as soon as the last town breaks out of the city plane, the whole team shouts loudly: “Yes!”, “Hurray!”, “Ready!”, “Second!”, “Fifth!” - and so on. They should be given the opportunity to freely express their emotions, thereby informing the other three teams that they have earned another point;
• the organizer records the next point in the table for the team’s score and announces the total score of each team, thereby maintaining the constant interest of the children;
• the game is becoming more and more dynamic, and all participants are included in it.

The game will be most effective and interesting if:

• The composition of the teams will be mixed - boys and girls - and equal in strength. To do this, team captains are chosen, and they, in turn, recruit their own players. Therefore, no matter the outcome of the game, there will be no offended people;
• the distance from the kon and half-kon to the city should be reduced depending on the age of the players: a situation of success is necessary - children must hit or touch the ruffles at least 1 time out of 2-3 bits used in a row;
• Teams with only one playing field will have new places each time;
• turn on soft music - it will add positive emotions;
• set the game time - from 5 minutes. up to 1 hour - depending on the goals and objectives of each meeting: completion of the lesson, pause for rest, change of activities or a separate competition;
• counting of knocked out pieces will be carried out not by the number of bits spent, but by the speed of knocking out, which will help to revive the game;
• for students primary school four sets of amateur equipment made from rake cuttings will be provided in advance;
• depending on the temperature and time of year, a location for the site will be selected in advance: on asphalt, mowed lawn, earthen surface, on ice, in a gym;
• Discuss the rules of the game in advance before each game.

The figure shows town figures (1 - Cannon, 2 - Star, 3 - Well, 4 - Artillery, 5 - Machine Gun Nest, 6 - Sentinels, 7 - Shooting Range, 8 - Fork, 9 - Arrow, 10 - Elbow, 11 - Racket , 12 - Cancer, 13 - Sickle, 14 - Airplane, 15 - Letter)

Towns is an old and very old game. The history of the game goes back centuries: mention of the game of small towns can be traced in many sources - in legends, fairy tales, documentary evidence related to the development of Ancient Rus'. Today, the towns are considered part of the national Slavic culture.

Towns game: description

The Gorodki game is a team-personal sports competition., in which you need to knock out the so-called “towns” - special figures folded in a special way - from a strictly specified distance with a targeted throw of a stick (bat). They are 5 short cylindrical sticks. The number of figures laid out with their help is a total of 15 positions, which are called:

1. "gun";
2. "fork";
3. "star"
4. "arrow";
5. "well";
6. "crankshaft";
7. "artillery";
8. "racket";
9. "machine gun nest";
10. "cancer";
11. "sentinels";
12. "sickle";
13. "tyrom";
14. "by plane";
15. "letter".

In the same sequence in which they are listed, they are knocked out one by one, depending on the type of competition. Thus, competitions can take place between city athletes (individual competitions) and entire teams of rivals (team competitions). The priority to enter the game is usually determined by drawing lots. The next team starts only after all the first players have released 2 bats.

At the end of the game, the right of priority passes to the other team, which previously (in the first match) entered the competition second. Any flat surface is chosen as a playground, regardless of the type of surface - lawn, earth, asphalt, concrete. Before the competition, markings must be made on it.

Dimensions of the playing field for towns – 200x200 cm, long distance (con) from the throwing point - 1300 cm, short distance (half-con) - 65 cm, size of the bat - up to 100 cm in length, size of the towns - 20 cm, diameter of the towns - 4.5...5 cm.

Towns game: history

The game towns has existed for many centuries. The very first reliable information about its distribution in Rus' dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. These are engravings made in color, which were contained in some publications in Western Europe and were supplemented short description this folk fun Russians. However, from the mentioned sources it clearly follows that by that period (the beginning of the 19th century) the game of gorodki was already very widespread and had clearly defined rules. That is why the time of its origin is attributed to the 18th century - to its first half or to the middle of the century.

Towns were recognized as a full-fledged sport in 1923, and before the revolution they were considered for the most part the entertainment of the common people, although many prominent figures in the arts, politics and science were also fond of them. In the same year, the All-Union Gorodosh Championship was held for the first time in the capital of Russia, which already had permanent and unified rules; in 1928 they were even included in the All-Union Olympics.

Although until the 20s of the 20th century, gorodki was played mainly on earthen courts, they gradually began to use hard surfaces - asphalt and concrete playing fields. Wooden bats also acquired a new quality, becoming forged. By the 1930s, the rules were also revised, receiving an updated interpretation and 15 mandatory figures. In fact, they (adopted in 1933) are still in effect today.

After the war, playgrounds for playing small towns began to be equipped with sheets of metal, because the mass of bats was constantly increasing, and the concrete fields simply began to quickly become unusable, breaking. Now iron has been replaced with polymer impact-resistant materials, which make less noise, but perfectly withstand throws of any power. In general, after the Second World War, towns gained incredible popularity, second perhaps only to football. They were played virtually everywhere: in courtyards, on sports grounds, in stadiums, in boarding houses, on the territories of factories and factories, in pioneer camps, in sports clubs, etc.

In general, at the beginning and middle of the 20th century, the popularity of gorod sport peaked, since since 1936 entire championships have been held in it - for example, the USSR Championship. According to statistics, in the 60s/70s of the 20th century, about 350,000 people were interested in towns. However, by the 90s the situation had changed dramatically to the opposite. Nowadays, there is renewed interest in the towns - even European Cup games have begun to be held.

Towns game: rules

There are several ways to play towns: team on team, one on one and alone. If a team competition is held in small towns, then each of the 2 competing groups must have at least five players. One spare is allowed.

The turn from team to team passes only when all representatives of the opposite group finish knocking out towns, throwing 2 bits each. Next, their opponents begin to knock out pieces. Each game involves drawing from 5 to 15 pieces, which are placed exactly in a certain sequence. Each of the figures, with the exception of the “letter” (number 15), is lined up in the middle of the front line.

Knockout occurs with long distance(from the horse), however, if at least one town flies out of the figure, then there is a throw from close range (from the half-horse). The last piece definitely always fights from the horse (“letter”).

A town is considered knocked out if it completely crosses the line of the mustache or square. In other positions (rolling out to the limit of the mustache or beyond the front line of the square) they are considered not knocked out.

A roll in towns is lost if:

• the player spent over half a minute preparing for it;
• at the moment of the throw, the player stepped over the side line;
• during the throw, the athlete stepped/stepped on the half-kon/kon line;
• the player touched the batting pad in front of him or the foul line.

All pieces in such a situation are set to their previous position, and the throw is prohibited again. Victory is awarded to the team that wins 2 matches in a row. If the score is equal, another fight is scheduled. The winner in the towns is the one who spent the least number of bits on knocking out the town figures.

2 fears

There is me and one person quite close to me. And there are 2 of my “cockroaches” that interfere with our mutual understanding and communication. 1) It’s difficult for me to call him by name. I can do it mentally, but not out loud. And by the way …

The point of the game of gorodki is to accurately throw a special bat to knock down the highest large quantity town figurines made from small blocks. It is these little blocks that are called towns. The winner is the player or team that knocks out all the cylinders in smallest number throwing bits.

Initially, the game was popular exclusively among men: the bats for knocking out towns were cut from solid branches and were very heavy. Now not only adult men, but also women and children can play, because modern bats are made from lightweight material, which significantly reduces their weight.

History of town fun

The game itself has been around for over 200 years. The first mention of the fun “gorodki” among the Slavs dates back to approximately the beginning of the 19th century: engravings made in color in books Western Europe accompanied by short stories about the “Russian very funny game”.

Thanks to these publications, it is easy to understand: by the beginning of the 19th century, the game called “gorodki” (otherwise known as “ryukhi”) had its own rules and was quite widespread in Russia. And this, in turn, means that the very emergence of the gorodosh game can be dated back to the middle or first half of the 18th century. The game has gained popularity everywhere: both among peasants and city residents.

Many people loved city games famous personalities, among whom there are famous musicians, actors, scientists and singers. It is also known that representatives of the Soviet leadership, such as Lenin, Voroshilov and Stalin, were also fans of this game.

Despite the fact that the game appeared quite a long time ago, it adopted the form of a sporting competition with a general list of rules only in 1923. 1928 was marked by the fact that Gorodochny competitions introduced game program Spartakiads.

The year 1933 is known to gorodoshniks for the change in the game rules: 15 main figures and a strict knockout sequence were determined. And 1987 undoubtedly delighted left-handed players, because this year asymmetrical figures began to be mirrored for their convenience.

Statistics indicate that between 1960 and 1970, about 360 thousand people officially played town. The excitement around the game began to decline by the 1990s, and after the collapse of the USSR the game was completely forgotten as the number of fans dropped sharply.

Interest in the towns returned in the early 19th century. On this moment Every year the European Cup is held for this game. World Urban Sports Championships are being held more and more often.

Playing area and equipment

The dimensions of the playing area where the pieces are installed are 2x2 m. The distance to the place of the throw from the “city” is 13 m for the far one (“kon”) and 6.5 m for the near one (“half kon”).

Each town should be 20 cm in length and from 4.5 to 5 cm in diameter. The length of the bat should not exceed 1 m.

How to play?

Initially, the city pieces are knocked out while standing in the “horse”; however, if at least one of the cylinders has been knocked out, then the remaining blocks are knocked out from the “half-horse” position. In any case, the “letter” figure should only be knocked out while standing in the “con” position.

A block is declared knocked out only if it completely goes beyond the lines of the “city” playing area.

The throw is declared “lost” in the following cases:

• the bat touches the ground in front of the penalty line or the line itself;
• during the throw the player stepped beyond the lines;
• the preparation for the throw lasted longer than half a minute.

If at least one point is observed, then all the towns are placed in their original positions, and the strike is not allowed to be repeated.

One game of the game usually consists of knocking out 15 or 10 pieces, and knocking them out sequentially.

Competitions are held between several players (individual competitions) or in teams. The game usually starts with the field on the right. After two throws from each participant from the first team, the right to move is transferred to the participants of the other team.

The other team starts the second game. Victory in the match is awarded to the team that wins 2 games in a row. If the score is 1:1, another match is appointed, which is decisive.

The winner is the one who time of three tours fewer bits and knocked out the most towns.

Simple towns

The game remains popular in youth and children's camps, where it can be played according to simple rules:

• it is necessary to preserve the markings of the playing court for the convenience of players;
• town cylinders and knockout bits are permitted in arbitrary sizes and may not conform to established standards;
• The winner is determined by the number of knocked out towns: the one who knocked out the most wins.

Particular attention must be paid to safety rules and the placement of spectators. A thorough explanation of the rules, safety precautions and the method of throwing bats will help to avoid unpleasant incidents during the game.

Story

The game has existed for more than two centuries.

The first reliable information about the spread of the game of gorodki among Russians dates back to early XIX century. These are color engravings contained in several Western European publications and accompanied by brief description Russian folk fun. From these publications one can judge that by the beginning of the 19th century, the game of gorodki (or ryukhi) was widespread throughout Russia and had its own rules. Therefore, the emergence of the game of gorodki should be attributed to the middle or first half of the 18th century. This game originated in the midst of the Russian people and spread both among the peasantry and among urban residents.

As a sport with uniform rules, towns were formed by 1923, when the first All-Union competitions were held in Moscow. In 1928, the towns were included in the program of the All-Union Spartakiad. In 1933, new rules were issued in which 15 figures were defined. Beginning in 1987, asymmetrical targets for left-handers began to be reversed.

The towns gained particular popularity in the 20th century. Since 1936, USSR championships have been held in small towns.

Almost all competitions were won by Muscovites. Honored Master of Sports, champion of the Union in small towns in team and individual competitions, Semyon Gromov, jokingly claimed that in the 50s, championship titles were distributed on the train that carried Moscow town residents to competitions. In team battles, the most famous teams were “Sickle and Hammer” (5 years of championship), “Spartak” (5 years of championship), “Zil”.

According to official statistics, in the 1960s and 1970s, about 350 thousand people worked in towns in the USSR. The popularity of the towns began to decline in the 80s and 90s.

After the breakup Soviet Union the number of students decreased sharply, gorodosh equipment was no longer produced.

WITH beginning of the XXI century, interest in urban sports began to increase again. In particular, the European Cup is held annually in different towns.

Rules

City figure "Cannon"

The essence of the game is to throw bats (sticks) to knock out from the “city” (hence the name) one by one a certain number of figures made up of 5 towns - cylindrical columns of birch, linden, beech. The main task is to spend as few throws as possible to knock out 15 pieces. Whoever used fewer attempts at the end of three rounds won.

Dimensions of the site (“city”) - 2×2 m; distance from the place of throws: far (“con”) - 13 m, near (“half con”) - 6.5 m; the length of the towns is 20 cm, their diameter is 4.5-5 cm; the length of the bat is no more than 1 m. The pieces are knocked out from the “kon”, but if at least one town is knocked out from the figure, the rest are knocked out from the “half-kon”. But the “letter” only gets off the mark. A town is considered knocked out if it completely goes beyond the lines of the square or mustache. Towns that have rolled out beyond the front (front) line of the square or within the borders of the mustache are considered not knocked out. The “mark” in the “letter” is considered knocked out if neither it nor the bit touched other towns.

The throw is considered lost if:

• the bat touches the foul line or the ground in front of it;
• the player at the moment of the throw stepped or stepped beyond the line of the stake (half-con);
• during the throw, the player stepped over the side bar with his foot;
• the player spent more time (30 seconds) preparing for the throw.

In these cases, all towns are placed in their original places; repeating the blow is not allowed.

The town game consists of 15 pieces:

1	a gun
2	fork
3	star
4	arrow
5	well
6	crankshaft
7	artillery
8	racket
9	machine gun nest (woman in the window)
10	cancer
11	sentinels
12	sickle
13	shooting gallery
14	airplane
15	letter

In this sequence they are knocked out.

Gorodoshnik competitions can be personal - between two athletes, as well as team ones. Before the match, a draw is held for who will be the first to enter the game. After all the gorodoshniks hit two beats, the other team starts. After the end of the game, the other team gets the right to start the next one. The team that wins two games in a row wins the match. If the score is equal, a third match is scheduled. At major competitions, a match usually consists of three games. The winner is the one who spent the least number of bits on knocking out pieces.

For the game, a flat area is selected on any surface - on asphalt, on the ground, on the lawn - and markings are made.

You can play towns alone, one-on-one, or team-on-team. Each team must have at least 5 players, and there may also be a reserve player on the team. When the first team finishes its throws (each player in turn can throw only two bats), the second team begins to knock out its pieces, and so on.

In each game, from 5 to 15 pieces can be played, the pieces are placed sequentially one after another in the order established by the players. During the game, by agreement, you can change or clarify the conditions and rules of the game, simplifying or complicating it.

All pieces, except the 15th, are built in the middle of the front line.

Literature

• Pugachev V.F. Towns. - Physical education and sports, 1990. - 128 p. - (Sports for everyone). - ISBN 5-278-00216-6
• Derevensky B. G. History of the game of towns. - Almanac “Russian World”, (St. Petersburg) No. 1, 2008. P. 357-372.

IN Lately I can state an ever-increasing interest in the game of towns. Unfortunately, for modern teenagers this Russian national game is an unknown and frightening sport; representatives of generations under 50 know this game very little. Thus, it is the category of preschoolers that needs to be given increased attention. It should be noted that it is at this time that interest in sports begins.

Why are towns so useful for schoolchildren?

Manipulating towns and bats are natural reactions little man in the development of his physical movements and manipulations. Place the towns in front of small children and watch them - they will begin to manipulate them, making different shapes. If you give children a bat, they will start spinning it, hitting it and throwing it. If we explain general principles playing small towns for children, then we will inevitably get little people who are enthusiastic and devoted to sports.

The game of small towns for young children, both centuries ago and now, was not only of a pragmatic nature, enticing them to play so that they would not “disturb” adults. Town game for younger preschoolers- it is physical and intellectual development. It teaches internal discipline, develops perseverance, and the ability to make the right decisions in a timely manner.

Movement is an innate need of a child, and the health of children depends on its satisfaction. Therefore, it is urgent to satisfy this need in conditions kindergarten, where children are organized into groups.

Currently, the number of children with respiratory diseases, poor posture, overweight, and visual impairment has increased. The reasons for this are a sedentary lifestyle. The game of small towns is beautiful view motor leisure, which includes studying the elements of sport, getting to know it, and hardening the body, children communicating with each other and with adults.

While playing in the towns, the child is allowed to do what in a real walk on fresh air, as a rule, it is prohibited to do: play with a stick, throw it, run, scream. All this is a natural and necessary psycho-emotional release for mental health. The satisfaction that arises as a result of overcoming emerging difficulties of various types contributes to the development of volitional efforts and the enrichment of motor and life experience.

In addition, towns can be one of the forms of organizing family leisure and strengthening connections between generations. Thus, instilling skills related to play in towns for preschoolers means physical, mental and social well-being.

To be convinced of the exceptional usefulness of playing towns with preschoolers, you only need to do a little - organize this game with them and observe their reaction. Based on extensive experience in camps with children preschool age, the author is sure that there will be no opponents of this game, and the last doubts will dissipate.

One thing that is important to remember is that children should not be given bats made for adults. Children's bits should be within the weight range of the child. And it’s better, if he has a choice, if he chooses his own bits.

Conventionally, when teaching children the basics of towns, several component stages can be distinguished:

1. Preparing the site for classes.
2. Organizational moment.
3. Conducting a lesson.
4. Final part.

1. Site preparation

The training area must be clean and safe - impact areas must be securely fenced. In good weather conditions, it is preferable to conduct classes outdoors.
The marking of “cities” for preschoolers’ play should not be more than 1x1 m.
Bits must be prepared for classes different weights, accessible according to physical parameters for preschoolers. The bits themselves must have a certain center of gravity, ensuring the rotation of the bit.

2. Organizational moment
When conducting classes with preschoolers Special attention need to focus on organizational aspects.
During the organizational stage, children need to be clearly explained: what we will do, what the game of small towns is, how to behave, what precautions to take, who to listen to, what not to do.

3. Conducting a lesson

At the beginning of the lesson, the children are explained common goal and the essence is in the towns.

The next step is to get acquainted with the main city figures. The figures are shown, during which leading questions are asked. While familiarizing yourself with the figures, children should be encouraged to be active by asking them questions and giving them the opportunity to show imagination and initiative.

After familiarization with the figures, it is recommended that students practice in groups of three people try to come up with your own figures and give them a name. If there are adults near the place of study, it is recommended to invite them as tips for your children or pupils.

After finishing the exercise for inventing figures, it is recommended to ask to set the original figures for display from the classic game - “Cannon”, “Arrow”, “Star”, “Well”, “Machine Gun Nest”, “Artillery”, “Sentries”. With a large group and a sufficient number of towns, you can display a larger number of figures.

When conducting classes, it is recommended to use a poster depicting gorodosh figures, which should be located in close proximity to the gorodosh area, in the gym and in the sports corners of the groups. This allows children to remember the configuration of figures, options for their construction, and independently take the search initiative without turning to elders for help.

After familiarizing themselves with gorodosh figures, children are invited to get acquainted with gorodosh bits. The structure of the gorodochny bit is briefly described. Shown different kinds bit - for adults and children. Children are asked to compare the difference between an adult bat and the bat they will play with.

After familiarizing themselves with the playground and equipment for the game, the participants of the lesson are divided into teams. It is necessary that each team has an instructor who will explain to the children the basics of throwing technique and come to their aid at the right time - give advice, support, praise, or, conversely, make a remark if something is done incorrectly.

Technique training is carried out in strict compliance with the requirements of safety measures and injury prevention.
Spectators and students are located behind the players at a considerable distance, but with an accessible view

The main element of the gorodoshka technique is throwing the bat. Accuracy alone is not enough here; in addition, accurate calculation is necessary. It’s not enough to hit a piece with a bat; you also need it to turn completely around the target and come into contact with the largest number towns. Therefore, the game needs to work out the throw well so that the bat always rotates at the same speed and makes a full revolution around its center of gravity, flying the same distance each time.

As a rule, in the first lessons we are not talking about explaining the entire throwing technique. The main task of the first technique classes is to demonstrate the correctness of movements and their sequence. During the throws, adjustments and hints are provided on how to correctly execute the throw. It must be remembered that praise and support are very important for the child during this learning process.

The effectiveness of a throw depends on many reasons: the degree of proficiency in the chosen throwing method, grip of the handle, the right choice place, innate coordination, perseverance and perseverance in mastering the skills of the game. Towns is a general educational game in which general coordination occupies the most important place.

All actions are performed by children only at the command of the instructor: “You can take the bat,” “You can throw,” “Collect the bats,” etc. It is recommended that the children who threw the bats independently pick them up and bring them to another member of their team.

The bat throwing technique consists of the following elements:
- gripping or holding the bat by the handle;
- starting position - stand;
- swing - retraction of the bat;
- bit acceleration;
- release or final reinforcement.

Grip
“Grip” refers to holding a bat with a hand. There are many varieties of it. There is a deep grip - the end of the bat handle extends beyond the hand; medium - the border of the flesh of the brush coincides with the end of the handle; small - the handle ends under the little finger of the player’s hand.
You can start learning the grip already in the nursery group.

The learning process is carried out during training sessions by a teacher in physical education, on a walk and in independent play activity under the supervision of group teachers.

Learning the game begins with knocking out the “soldier” (“fence”) piece. In it, the towns are placed vertically on the same line at a distance of 10 - 15 cm from each other. This figure has large volume, which makes it easier to knock it out, increases the emotional interest of children and the desire for perfection. The player is located on the half-cone line at a distance of 3 m from the city and takes the starting position (stance).

Rack
Positioning the legs. The right foot is placed in front at a distance of a step from the left. The body weight is distributed evenly on both legs without stepping on the line.
The torso occupies a natural position in relation to the position of the legs and is relaxed as far as holding the bat in the hands allows. The head is facing the figure and remains in this position or close to it throughout the throw. The longitudinal axis of the bit is directed towards the figure.

Swing
The swing begins with the transfer of body weight to the leading leg, right leg at the same time bends slightly in knee joint. The shoulders move back slightly and rotate clockwise, pulling the bat arms across the side and back. Left hand With a slight push he frees himself from the bat in its direction, and continues to twist his shoulders with the spinal column. The right hand continues to move the bat back, gradually straightening at the elbow joint.

Blowout
All acceleration and ejection right hand straightened and does all the work from the shoulder as one with the bat. The throw ends with the throwing of the bat. When performing a throw, the instructor explains that in the final part of the throw you can shift the center of gravity of the body and step over after the throw.
When swinging and throwing, special attention should be paid to ensure that children do not take their eyes off the figure they are throwing at.

In case of unfavorable weather conditions, in winter, inclement spring and autumn time, training and improvement of elements of the technique of playing small towns can be carried out in the gym on universal markings. It has a line for constructing figures, a kon line and a half kon line.

Inclusion in training sessions learning to play town expands the boundaries curriculum, enriches children with new sports skills and abilities, deepens knowledge about ancient Russian traditions and outdoor games. The effectiveness of training increases with the presence of sports equipment in groups of at least two in each, with the interest and responsibility of teachers or instructors.