Preschool child - child development, preparation for school in Kyiv. What changes occur in animals in autumn - Animals at different times of the year Autumn phenomena in animals preparation for winter

In autumn, the days become shorter, the sun warms weakly. Most birds are preparing to fly to warmer climes. Before this, they finish their autumn molt. Migratory birds by autumn they begin to get fat, as they have to long journey, which requires a lot of effort and energy. Starlings, rooks and other birds gather in flocks. First, the flocks wander, and then leave their native places and fly to warm waters. The first to fly away are insectivorous birds: swifts, swallows, nightingales, as the number of insects is sharply reduced; butterflies climb into crevices, where they overwinter until spring; beetles and dragonflies fall asleep, caterpillars and larvae are securely hidden among insects. As soon as reservoirs freeze, waterfowl set off.

To observe bird migration well, you need to know how birds fly. The following main forms of bird flocks are distinguished: angle and wedge (cranes, geese); in a line, as well as in single file (geese, ducks, teals); crowded flock (starlings, waxwings); in a disorderly flock (waders, small passerines). Some birds fly alone (cuckoos, nightjars).

In late autumn, winter feathered guests arrive. With the first powder, bullfinches appear, followed by tap dancers and waxwings. For them, the middle zone is a warm region, and there is enough food, since they mainly feed on berries and weed seeds. Birds are very trusting and allow people to come close to them, probably because their homeland - the north - is called “the land of unafraid birds.” The birds arriving in the middle zone from the north are very beautiful. Gray-red birds with black visors adorn the branches with ruddy apples. These are bullfinches. Goldfinches sport multi-colored feathers, pale pink waxwings with yellow trims on their tails flaunt on rowan trees, and bright red bee-eaters flaunt on junipers. It is very easy to distinguish the crossbill from other birds by the shape of its beak.

However, many birds remain in middle lane wintering, primarily woodpeckers, nuthatch, pikas, which deftly get insects and their larvae from under the bark of trees. Everywhere you will meet tits, enlivening the autumn forest with their chirping. Sparrows (field), jackdaws, and crows move closer to human habitation. Birds that live in the area all year round, are called sedentary. They have a hard time in winter because there is not enough food, so schoolchildren must take care of them in early autumn. Prepare rowan berries, viburnum, elderberry, hawthorn for thrushes, waxwings, bullfinches, birch seeds, alder seeds for redpolls, siskins and watermelon seeds, melons, pumpkins for tits, burdock cones and quinoa brooms for goldfinches.

The number of insects decreases in autumn, but there are a lot of spiders. IN clear days you can observe a flying web on which a small spider sits. Before this, he climbs onto the tip of a branch or pole and begins to release a web, which becomes longer and longer, then the spider bites the web, the wind picks it up and carries it far away. This is how young spiders settle into new territories.

As the reservoirs cool, fish begin to flock to their wintering grounds, and only burbot enjoys the winter. It becomes very mobile, rises to the upper reaches of rivers and lays eggs among pebbles and sand.

Prudovaya and green frog they sink to the bottom of reservoirs and, burrowing into the silt, overwinter, while the grass and sharp-faced toad (as well as the toad) can overwinter at the bottom of deep holes and under stones, in burrows. Snakes, gathered in groups of several dozen, sleep in dry holes or under tree stumps; lizards hide behind loose bark.

The animals' fur changes, it becomes thicker and warmer. All animals can be divided in connection with wintering into the following groups: animals that sleep in winter ( Brown bear, badger, raccoon dog), their body mainly experiences inhibition of life processes - a lethargic state, decreased reactions to stimuli. Before lying down in the den, the bear feeds heavily, gorges itself on berries, and sucks on oat panicles. And at the same time he is getting fat. The badger not only eats acorns, but also stores them. In its burrows you can find dried frogs, beetles and even mushrooms. The badger insulates the mink where he sleeps with leaves and thoroughly cleans it. This is a very clean animal.

The second group of animals (hedgehog, gopher, hamster) is characterized by true hibernation. Invertebrates tolerate frost by falling into torpor (anabiosis). If you pick up a frog in this state, you get the impression that it has died. In fact, life in her body barely glimmers. Once you bring it into a warm room, after a few hours it comes to life.

The third group of animals makes supplies for the winter. Up to 6 kg of grain was found in the burrows of grain-eating rodents. In severe frosts, these animals fall asleep, especially when there is not enough food to maintain normal life functions. Even animals leading an active lifestyle stock up on food for the winter. Weasels and stoats collect 20-30 voles and mice each, black polecats hide frogs under the ice, minks hide fish, beavers stock up on twig food, etc.

The fourth group of animals leads an active lifestyle (wolf, fox, hare, elk, etc.). The hare feeds on tree bark in winter. A wolf is almost always hungry in winter, so he runs tens of kilometers before he manages to track down someone. In winter, he does not disdain even mice, birds and carrion; he grabs unwary dogs near human habitation. The fox hunts mice. With her head low, she runs at a shallow jog in the snow, listening for a vole to squeak. Hearing a squeak, he makes a throw into the snow and grabs the prey. The fox catches partridges sleeping under the snow. Often sneaks into the village for poultry.

In winter, life seems to freeze. You won't hear birds singing in the forest. The animals hid. However, they are not afraid of the cold, since a warm fur coat warms the animal, and in birds the down protects them from frost. But in winter it is difficult for animals to get food, and even if hungry, they will feel cold. Among the birds, only the woodpecker does not lose heart. Woodpeckers have everything adapted to successfully find food in winter: a long strong beak (some up to 14 cm), a sticky tongue with sharp, hard spines, on which insects and their larvae are impaled, short and strong legs designed so that it is easy for him to move along tree trunks. Woodpeckers, picking out a piece of bark, often help tits and nuthatches find food. The woodpecker also has its own “forge”. This is a crevice in the tree where he goes to chisel pine cones. In winter, you can also meet another bird that feels great in winter and even hatches chicks in the winter cold. These are crossbills. The upper and lower halves of the crossbill's beak intersect at the end; this device helps them deftly peel cones. Crossbills feed their chicks with seeds coniferous plants, softened in the mother's or father's crop. In early spring When the scales on the cones bend back, the chicks can get the seeds themselves. Feeding on coniferous seeds, crossbills become so saturated with resinous substances that after death their corpses are preserved for 15-20 years (embalmed).

In winter, the ground is covered with a white blanket, on which animal tracks can easily be seen. Snow Letter is a nature diary that will tell you about the life of feathered inhabitants and fur-bearing animals. Someone was crossing the road large animal, and the cloven hooves left characteristic “cow” mines. This is a moose. But here stretches a string of small traces and dots. These are shrews. Vole tracks are similar to shrew tracks, but larger and deeper. The tracks of a hare are easy to distinguish from others: there are larger holes nearby and two others, one after the other, smaller ones behind. The hare's right hind paw print is noticeably in front of the left hind paw, and its footprint is narrower and deeper. The squirrel has a mark - two wide oblong holes merge into one large one. A fox's footprint is similar to that of a small dog - the same four toes with blunt claws, the same pads of the toes: two front ones in front and two side ones behind. But a fox’s paw print is slimmer than a dog’s, more elongated, and most importantly, the pads of the fox’s two front toes are extended further than those of the dog. Her tracks are almost always stretched out as if along a ruler. Wolf trail is very similar to the footprint of a large dog, but since the wolf keeps its paw more tightly in a ball, its footprint is much longer and more sharply imprinted on the snow. Since the wolf walks or jogs, each time he steps in the footprint of his right front foot with his left back, his tracks stretch like a ribbon.

Near the dwelling you can clearly distinguish the tracks of various birds in the snow: crows, magpies, pigeons.

In February you can feel the approach of spring. The drawn-out melody of a nimble titmouse sounds, and the bunting picks up its song. On thaw days, you can see live insects in the snow - snow fleas and snow spiders. In the reservoirs there is a revival of ruffs, perches and pikes.

All living things are waiting for warmth, nature is preparing to welcome spring, to begin new season In my life.

Lesson notes for older children preschool age"Wild Animals in Autumn"

Target: Clarify and consolidate children's knowledge about appearance wild animals, their habits, food, housing;
Practice recognizing and naming wild animals (wolf, fox, bear, hare, squirrel, hedgehog, elk);
Learn to form possessive adjectives and coordinate them with nouns.
Demo material: Toys (squirrel, hare), illustrations of a wolf, a bear’s den, a fox, images of animals without tails (hare, squirrel, wolf, fox, bear, elk).
Handout: forest illustrations late autumn, snow-covered field, images (red and gray squirrels, gray and white hare), images of animal tails (squirrels, foxes, hare, bear, wolf, moose).

Progress of the lesson

Organizing time

Teacher:- Children, let's remember what time of year it is now? (Autumn)
Teacher: - Have you probably heard that wild animals prepare for winter in the fall? (Yes)
Teacher:- I suggest you go into the forest and see how they do it. But animals need silence. And if we go to real forest, then we are unlikely to see anyone. Animals are shy. So let's turn invisible for a while and observe the inhabitants of the forest.
If you came to the forest for a walk,
Breathe fresh air
Run, jump and play
Just don't forget,
That you can't make noise in the forest,
Even sing very loudly.
The little animals will be scared
They will run away from the forest edge.
- So, we set off along the forest path on a journey! And while we're walking, let's remember what animals can be found in the forest.
Dynamic exercise
It's beautiful in elk Walking with high knees, cross-
An elk walks in a dense forest. tive hands above your head, fingers spread.
Shy like a mouse Running on your toes.
A mouse is scurrying into the house.
And a hare-like bunny Jumping on two legs left and right.
Everyone is in a hurry to confuse the trail.
The bear walks like a bear, Walking on the outer arch of the foot.
He's been a clubfoot since childhood.
Over the rubble, through the ravines
The bear walked with a master's step:
- Answer me, animals -
Are you ready for winter?
(V. Stepanov)

Main part

Teacher: - Here we are in the forest. Oh, look who it is? I already see someone.
I walk around in a fluffy fur coat,
I live in a dense forest.
In a hollow on an old oak tree
I'm gnawing nuts.
Who is this? (Squirrel)
Teacher: - That's right, squirrel. ( Shows a toy squirrel)
Squirrel:- Hello guys. Have you come to visit me? Look how beautiful I am. What kind of fur coat do I have? ( Red, fluffy, soft)
Squirrel:- But winter will come soon and I will have to change my fur coat. In winter, what color is my fur coat? (Gray)
Squirrel:- Why? ( The trees in winter are bare, gray, and the squirrel's gray coat is invisible against the background of the trees when it hides from enemies)
(If the children find it difficult to answer, the teacher gives an explanation)
Teacher:- Let's check. I have pictures of a squirrel in gray and red coats and autumn forest. Let's place the squirrels on the trees and see which one is more noticeable? (Redhead)
Teacher: - That’s why the squirrel changes its coat, to make it easier for it to hide in winter, when all the trees are bare.
Squirrel: - Guys, what will I eat in winter? What supplies should I make for the winter? ( Dry mushrooms, collect nuts)
Squirrel: - Oh, it’s true, that’s exactly what I made. Who can tell me what the name of my house is? (Hollow)
Squirrel:- Thank you guys, but I have to go. I still need to cover the hollow with grass and leaves so as not to freeze in winter. And I wish you Bon Voyage. Goodbye.
Teacher:- Look, guys, what is this? ( Leads the children to a picture of a den). Whose is this house? (This is the bear's house)
Teacher:- What is it called? (Den)
Teacher: - Do you know that the bear does not stock up for the winter, why do you think? ( He sleeps all winter)
Teacher:- Right. The bear found a fallen tree, brought brushwood, young fir trees, and moss to it, and it turned out to be a bear’s house - a den. And in winter, a blanket of snow will cover the den and the bear will feel warm in it.
Teacher: - Let's move on quickly before we wake up the bear.
- Oh, who is this?
It's cold in winter
He walks around angry and hungry. (Wolf)
Teacher:- He is also preparing for winter. ( shows illustration). Its fur grows over the summer and becomes thick and warm. Why? (The wolf sleeps right in the snow)
Teacher:- Wolves live in families in winter. Who is in the wolf family? (Wolf, she-wolf, wolf cubs)
Teacher:- Let's move on quickly before they notice us.
(The teacher shows a toy hare).
Hare:- Hello guys! I'm so glad you came to visit me. Look how beautiful I have become. What color is my fur coat? (White)
Hare:- Why should I change my fur coat in winter? (So ​​that the fox does not notice him in the white snow)
Hare:- That’s right, it’s very difficult to notice me on white snow. I also know how to cover up my tracks. What do I eat in winter? (Tree bark)
Hare:- Yes, I find fallen branches and gnaw the bark from them, and sometimes I climb into someone’s garden and feast on the bark from apple trees. Oh, I’ve been chatting here with you for some reason, I hear a fox running here. (Runs away)
Teacher:- Guys, I again suggest you check whether a hare in a white fur coat is really difficult to notice in the snow. (The teacher gives the children an illustration depicting a snow-covered field and images of two hares: white and gray. Children attach images of hares to the illustration and determine which hare is less noticeable in the snow).
Teacher: (Shows an illustration of a fox). And here comes the red fox. What do you guys think, what does a fox eat in winter? (Looks for mice under the snow)
Teacher:- That’s right, there are a lot of animals in the forest, but it’s time for us to return to kindergarten.

Lesson summary

Teacher:- Guys, did you enjoy the trip? (Yes)
Teacher:- Let's remember who we met in the forest? (Squirrel, bear, wolf, fox, hare)
Teacher:- What can you call them all, in one word? (Animals)
Teacher:- That's right, these are wild animals. Why are they called wild? (Because they live in the forest and get their own food)
Teacher:- How do wild animals prepare for winter? (The squirrel stores up and changes its coat, the bear goes to bed, the hare changes its coat, the wolf and the fox become covered with thick, warm fur)
Teacher:- Guys, now I suggest you play the game “Whose Tail?”

Game "Whose Tail?"

The teacher hands out pictures to the children depicting the tail of an animal. And on the board there are pictures of wild animals without tails. Children are asked to take turns coming to the board and attaching the tail to the corresponding animal. At the same time, the teacher asks questions whose tail is this, and the child answers.

Used Books:
M.Yu. Kartushina Logorhythmic exercises in kindergarten: Toolkit. – M.: TC Sfera, 2005. – 192 p.
I.A. Morozova, M.A. Pushkareva Acquaintance with the surrounding world. Lesson notes. For working with children 5-6 years old with mental retardation. – 2nd ed., rev. And additional – M.: Mozaika-Sintez, 2011. – 176 p.
I.N. Pavlenko, N.G. Rodyushkina Development of speech and familiarization with the outside world in preschool educational institutions: Integrated classes / ed. K.Yu. White. – M.: TC Sfera, 2007. – 176 p.

Seasons play a huge role in the lives of animals. For them, each season is a period of specific activity. While a person can reschedule his plans or change his lifestyle, animals are not capable of this. Living according to the rules of nature is in their blood.

Spring

How animals welcome spring

Spring is a period of new life for all animals. After a long and calm winter, all representatives of the animal world begin to actively prepare for the onset of a hot summer.

Spring days in the life of animals are accompanied by a change in coat - from winter to summer. Squirrels change their gray skin to bright red. They can increasingly be found in parks. Squirrels jump through the trees in search of food.

After hibernation The chipmunks wake up. Outwardly, it can be confused with a squirrel, but the main difference is the five dark stripes on the back. Chipmunks have been stocking up on food since winter, before they hibernate. Therefore, with the arrival of spring, these animals are not puzzled by the search for what they can get enough of.

But bears, also hibernating in winter, do not care about what they will eat after a long sleep. Therefore, in the spring they come out of their dens in search of food.

For wolves, spring is the time when they breed. Little wolf cubs stay in their parents' den until they have the vision to navigate well in space. Being small, they are very similar to foxes, only the tips of their tails are not white, but gray.

Hares begin to shed, exchanging their winter white coat for a gray and less warm coat. Also raccoon dogs, waking up after hibernation, change their color to a less noticeable one. The coat color is great importance. In winter, the skins are white, this makes it possible to blend into the snow-white cover of the earth if a predator is hunting nearby. Gray wool also serves as a kind of camouflage in summer.

In early spring, hedgehogs wake up, because in April they have to breed.

Summer

Animal life in summer

Summer is the most favorable period in the life of animals. Long sunny days, warmth and plenty of food undoubtedly delight the animals. They are especially active at this time of year. They are not yet preparing for winter, but they are preparing their offspring for a harsh period. Therefore, animals are in constant search of food for their young in order to satiate them useful substances and vitamins.

Herbivorous mammals sometimes leave their habitats because what they eat grows everywhere. Fresh juicy leaves allow them to stock up on useful substances for future use.

For birds, summer is a feast, because they can find delicacy absolutely everywhere. Midges, worms, caterpillars, fish - all this is their food in summer time. Birds are also assistants to gardeners. They eat all pests that can destroy the crop.

Despite the fact that summer is the most active period in the life of animals, there is one exception. Gophers prefer to rest on these warm days. And to saturate themselves with vital energy, they go hunting at night.

The most active animals in summer period are squirrels, wolves, bears, various rodents. This time is also loved by: giraffes, camels, hyenas, cheetahs, monkeys and many others.

Autumn

Changes in the lives of animals in autumn

Autumn is a period of preparation for winter cold. Their life in winter depends on how they live the autumn, what they manage to do during this time. Furry, feathered, predators - everyone must take this preparation responsibly, because their own lives and the lives of their offspring are at stake.

Insects are the first to sense the arrival of cold weather. They begin to build burrows for themselves and look for shelter, which most often comes from fallen leaves or tree bark. This is where they will spend the entire winter.

Butterflies have their own way of surviving cold period- they turn into pupae.

Also, toads, frogs, snakes and lizards are among the first to hide. Some frogs live closer to bodies of water so that when cold weather sets in, they can dive into them and sleep at the bottom until warm days return. But toads, on the contrary, hide on land. Their winter refuge is tree roots or rodent burrows.

Forest animals in autumn period They begin to eat often and nutritiously, because they need to accumulate a supply of substances and fat that will help them survive in severe frosts.

And squirrels, mice and moles begin to stock up on food for future use. They bring as many nuts, berries and cones into the house as possible.

Most animals go through the natural process of pre-winter molting. They again change their skins to warmer and less attractive ones.

Winter

How animals winter

As a rule, only those animals that are capable of this hibernate. And those who are categorically afraid of the cold flee to the southern regions.

Animal life in winter time freezes. In the fall, everyone prepared shelters for themselves, in which they now live. The cold is not terrible for those warmly dressed in their furs: hares, squirrels, arctic foxes, foxes, wolves, moose and many others.

And some simply fall asleep: raccoons, marmots, chipmunks, badgers, bears and other animals.

Mollusks bury themselves in mud for the winter. Wasps, bumblebees, and tarantulas also prepared minks for themselves.

Newts hide on the shore, in a thick layer of fallen leaves or branched tree roots.

Gophers, hamsters and jerboas prefer to sleep in winter.

At the end of August - beginning of September, gophers, hamsters, and jerboas climb into their deep holes and fall asleep.

Today I continue to talk about our activities within the framework of the Autumn theme. For the last two days we have been playing with animals in the fall. I tried to do more games and less theoretical material. because the child has already learned where the bear sleeps, and some new facts It’s too early to tell stories at this age, so we focused on games.

The arrival of autumn is not only noticeable by changes in nature, but also animals begin to prepare for winter. Talk to your child and ask him the following questions.

• What animals can be found in the forest in autumn?
• Who goes to bed all winter?
• Who changes their fur coat for the winter?
• Who's stocking up for the winter?
• Who winters under leaves, in crevices, in the bark of trees?

Answer the questions and look for pictures of the animals you talked about.

To meet harsh winter, forest animals Preparations begin in early autumn. They build holes for themselves and stock up. Squirrels and hares begin to molt and change their coats from summer to winter. Winter coats have thicker, fuller fur, and the color is more suitable for winter nature.

A bear wanders through the forest, eats ripe berries, nuts, acorns, and fattens up for the winter.

Moles and mice stock up on spikelets. Badger collects roots and mushrooms. He dries them near his hole, laying them out on tree trunks.

The squirrel stores in hollows, in crevices of the bark and under the roots of trees. The wolf and the fox do not sleep in winter and do not prepare supplies in the fall; they hunt.

In late autumn it is quiet and deserted in the forest. Why? No ringing bird voices can be heard. The forest inhabitants hid in holes and hollows.

Discuss the story

• What is the bear doing? (Climbed into the den.)
• Who hid in the holes? (Hedgehog, badger, field mouse.)
• What does the squirrel do? (She doesn't like it cold, rainy weather, so she hid, sits in her hollow and gnaws on pine cones and nuts.)
• Is it comfortable for a bunny in a white fur coat when the snow has not yet fallen? Why?

Guess riddles

Who deftly jumps through the Christmas trees?

And flies up into the oak trees?

Who hides nuts in a hollow,

Drying mushrooms for the winter? (Squirrel.)

Burned up like a fire

On the rowan tree there are brushes,

The ball is rolling towards

From autumn leaves.

Do not you recognize him?

Take a closer look! This is... (hedgehog).

Who goes to bed in the fall and gets up in the spring? (Bear.)

Who is hungry in the forest,

Looking for a bunny under a bush? (Wolf.)

What a little white ball

Did you lie down on the ground under a bush? (Hare.)

The first snow lay on the roofs,

He filled the garden with furs.

Poultry girl in a red fur coat

This is where our theory ended and we moved on to practice.

They built a den from blankets and pillows, and then hibernated there.

We played squirrel, which stores supplies. We searched through the cabinets and found supplies: mushrooms (toys). nuts, berries, etc. We collected beans and peas into bowls and the squirrel accidentally mixed everything up and began to take it apart (Dasha really loves such games). Dismantled. Then they started pouring it in. For another half hour, all the containers were measured and compared where there was more and where less could fit. Then they took out scales and began to weigh how many peas are in one bean, and which is heavier, and how many beans are in a mushroom, and so on ad infinitum, then they solved examples using beans, and at a glance they distinguished the quantity.

Then they fed the wolf. He’s not sleeping, he needs to eat something. And after the wolf, they fed all the animals in the house (hedgehog, hares, even a tiger and a lion).

They galloped like a hare and changed their fur coat (clothes). We played hedgehog, snorted and collected supplies)))

We played migratory birds.Mark south and north in the room. The child is a bird that flies around the room. Mom says: “Autumn has come.” The bird must fly to warm regions to the south. “Spring has come” - the birds are returning back.