Brief chronological table of Gumilyov. Sent to be shot
In 1903, the family returned to Tsarskoe Selo, the poet entered the gymnasium, the director of which was the poet Innokenty Annensky.
In 1906, Gumilyov graduated from high school and entered the Sorbonne in Paris.
In Paris, Gumilyov published the magazine "Sirius", corresponded with Bryusov, to whom he sent his poems, articles and stories, some of them were published in the Symbolist magazine "Libra".
Since 1907, Gumilyov traveled a lot and was in Africa three times. In 1913, as the head of the African expedition on a business trip of the Academy of Sciences, he traveled to the Somali Peninsula.
In 1908, he returned to Russia and was enrolled in the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University; from 1909 he attended lectures at the Faculty of History and Philology, but did not complete the course.
Since the spring of 1909, Nikolai Gumilyov participated in the preparation for the publication of the Apollo magazine, where he became one of the main employees. In the same year he became one of the founders of the poetic society "Academy of Verse" (Society of Zealots artistic word), which included poets Innokenty Annensky, Vyacheslav Ivanov and others.
In the fall of 1911, Gumilyov, together with the poet Sergei Gorodetsky, created the literary association "Poets' Workshop", as well as a program for a new literary direction - Acmeism.
In October 1912, the first issue of the magazine "Hyperborea" was published, with Gumilev joining the editorial board.
During these years, the poet published several collections - “Romantic Flowers” (1908), “Pearls” (1910) and “Alien Sky” (1912), in which, in addition to his works, Gumilev included translations of poems by Théophile Gautier.
With the outbreak of the First World War (1914-1918), despite his exemption from military service, Nikolai Gumilev volunteered for the front, enlisting as a volunteer in the Uhlan Life Guards Regiment. By the end of 1915, he was awarded two St. George Crosses (III and IV degrees). In March 1916, Gumilyov was promoted to ensign and transferred to the 5th Alexandria Hussar Regiment. In 1917 he left for Paris in connection with his transfer to the Thessaloniki Front. In January 1918, after the dissolution of the office of the military commissar to which he was assigned, Gumilyov went to London and then returned to Russia in April 1918.
During the years of Gumilev's war, he did not stop the literary war: the collection "Quiver" (1916) was published, the plays "Gondola" (1917) and "The Poisoned Tunic" (1917), and a series of essays "Notes of a Cavalryman" (1915-1916) were written.
In 1918-1921, the poet was a member of the editorial board of the publishing house "World Literature", led the recreated "Workshop of Poets", and in 1921 - the Petrograd branch of the Union of Poets.
Since 1919, he taught at the Institute of Art History, at the Institute of the Living Word and in many literary studios.
A translation studio worked under Gumilyov's leadership; he was a mentor to young poets from the Sounding Shell studio.
In August 1921, collections of his poems “Tent” and “Pillar of Fire” were published.
On August 3, 1921, Gumilyov was arrested on charges of anti-Soviet activity. On August 24, a decree was issued by the Petrograd Provincial Extraordinary Commission on the execution of 61 people for participation in the “Tagantsev counter-revolutionary conspiracy”; Nikolai Gumilyov was among those sentenced. For a long time the exact date of the poet's death was unknown. In 2014, when working with documents about executions in the period from 1918 to 1941, historians were able to find marks about the poet’s extradition for execution. Gumilev was shot on the night of August 26, 1921. In 1992, the poet was officially rehabilitated.
Gumilev was married twice. In 1910-1918, his wife was the poetess Anna Akhmatova ( real name Gorenko, 1889-1966), in 1912 they had a son, Lev Gumilyov (1912-1992), a famous historian-ethnologist, archaeologist, orientalist, writer, translator. The second wife of Nikolai Gumilyov was Anna Engelhardt (1895-1942), the daughter of the historian and literary critic Nikolai Engelgart. From this union, a daughter, Elena, was born in 1919, who died of hunger during the siege of Leningrad in 1942.
Nikolai Gumilyov had a son, Orest Vysotsky (1913-1992), from actress Olga Vysotskaya. His memoirs about his father were published under the title “Nikolai Gumilyov through the eyes of his son.”
The only museum of Nikolai Gumilyov in Russia was opened in the city of Bezhetsk, Tver region, in the village of Slepnevo in the preserved family estate of the Gumilev family.
There, in Bezhetsk, a monument was erected to the poet and his family - his first wife Anna Akhmatova and son Lev Gumilyov. Monuments to Nikolai Gumilev were opened in Koktebel (Crimea) and in the village of Shilovo, Ryazan region.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
Moscow Nikolai Gumilyov
Evgeniy Stepanov“In a short publication it is not possible to describe all the places in St. Petersburg and the surrounding area associated with Gumilyov’s stay there, however, a similar story about the poet’s Moscow addresses turned out to be possible, which is what this work is devoted to.”
Gumilev. The story of a duel
Valery Shubinsky“In Russia in the second half of the century, a duel became a rare exotic thing outside of a military environment. In 1894, there were military duels - almost the only case in world practice! — are actually legalized. It's about only about fights between officers by decision of the regiment's court of honor. The mechanism is described quite accurately in Kuprin’s famous story.”
Gumilyov
Julius Aikhenvald“The last of the conquistadors, a poet-warrior, a poet-at-arms with the soul of a Viking, consumed by longing for a foreign land, “a restless lover of foreign skies,” Gumilyov is a seeker and finder of the exotic.”
Records about the Gumilev family
Alexandra Sverchkova“Mitya and Kolya were brothers of the same age. Both in appearance and in character they were completely different from each other. Mitya from the very early years he was distinguished by his beauty, had a frivolous character, was neat, loved order in everything and willingly made acquaintances. Kolya, on the contrary, was shy, clumsy, could not pronounce certain letters clearly for a long time, loved animals and did not recognize order either in things or in clothes.”
N. S. Gumilev. Excerpts from doctoral dissertation at the Sorbonne
Nikolay Otsup“On the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the poet’s death, in 1926, I published memories of him in Latest News. I do not refuse a single line of my article. In terms of the vividness of impressions, the recent one is even much stronger than the old one. But I admit that later, when by chance my frequent meetings with Gumilyov, our disputes, disagreements, misunderstandings, as well as impulses of immediate admiration, when all this was put aside, only then little by little His work became less close to me than the poet himself.”
N. S. Gumilev. Life and personality
Gleb Struve“According to all data, Gumilyov studied rather poorly, especially in mathematics, and graduated from high school late, only in 1906. But a year before graduating from high school, he published his first collection of poems entitled “The Path of the Conquistadors,” with an epigraph from the then hardly known to many, and later so famous, French writer Andre Gide, whom he obviously read in the original.”
Gumilev in London: an unknown interview
Elaine Rusinko“In May of 1917, Gumilev, then a cavalry officer in the Imperial Army, was ordered to the Salonikan front. However, bureaucratic restraints and the uncertainty of Russia"s continued participation in the war prevented him from returning to active duty, and for the next year, he remained in western Europe."
I learned all the best things I have from you...
Mikhail Tolmachev“The correspondence between Bryusov and Gumilyov has been preserved unevenly. Most of Gumilev’s letters to Bryusov have reached us, thanks to the latter’s careful storage of his archives and correspondence.”
Materials for the biography of N. Gumilyov
Vera Luknitskaya“Pavel Nikolaevich Luknitsky began collecting materials on Gumilyov back in 1923. First, for my diploma at Petrograd University. And then - for posterity. He was sure that the time would come when everything that he was able to collect in his “Works and Days of N. Gumilyov” would become necessary for readers and researchers.”
Brief literary and biographical chronicle
Ivan Pankeyev“On April 3 (15), 1886, in Kronstadt, in the family of the ship’s doctor Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilyov, a son, Nikolai, was born.”
Chronicle
Evgeniy Stepanov“On April 3, as attested in the metric book kept at the Kronstadt Naval Hospital Alexander Nevsky Church, “the Senior Crew Doctor of the 6th Fleet Crew, collegiate adviser Stefan Yakovlevich Gumilyov and his legal wife Anna Ivanova, both of the Orthodox confession, had a son, Nikolai. »
Newly found summary of N. S. Gumilyov’s speech in the editorial office of the magazine “Apollo” on April 5, 1911
Konstantin Lappo-Danilevsky“The circumstances of the second of N. S. Gumilyov’s three trips to Abyssinia (departure from St. Petersburg on September 25, 1910 - return on March 25, 1911) are not well known - in fact, the information is reduced to two paragraphs in “The Works and Days of N. S. Gumilyov” , compiled by P. N. Luknitsky, which talks about the poet’s contacts with the Russian envoy B. A. Chemerzin, presence at one of the ceremonial dinners at the court of the Abyssinian emperor, etc.”
Gumilyov and Kuzmin at the “evening of modern poetry” in Moscow on November 2, 1920 (according to the diary of M. A. Kuzmin)
Sergey Shumikhin“The entries in Kuzmin’s Diary were apparently made retroactively, after returning to Petrograd, which explains the inaccuracy in the date of the “Evening”, recorded as November 1, while it took place on November 2, 1920.”
Questionnaire from the Union of Poets with answers from N. S. Gumilyov
Vitaly Petranovsky, Andrey Stanyukovich“The questionnaire was published for the first time by A. N. Bogoslovsky from a copy in: “Vestnik RHD” (1990, N 160) without comments and without indicating the location of the original.”
Main places associated with the life and work of N. S. Gumilyov
Marina Kozyreva, Vitaly Petranovsky“Take a look at the biography and work of N. S. Gumilyov from this angle. He was born on an island, in Kronstadt, next to the sea and ships. He spent his childhood in Tsarskoe Selo and St. Petersburg, and in his adolescence, at the very turning point of manhood, he lived for three years in the Caucasus, in Tiflis.”
Alexander Blok and Nikolai Gumilyov after October
V. V. Bazanov“Personal relationships and creative contacts between Blok and Gumilev have a history of almost 15 years, which is also very rich in sometimes very rapidly developing events.”
Fate is the connecting thread (Larissa Reisner and Nikolai Gumilyov)
Sofia Sholomova“Analyzing Gumilyov’s creative “creed”, delving into the circle of his poetic shrines, Reisner boldly introduces a number of clear and sometimes even sharp definitions into the fabric of the article. The surviving text reveals the poet’s hidden interpretation by another bright creative individual.”
Sirius Magazine (1907)
N. I. Nikolaev"B. Unbegaun notes that this was the first literary magazine to appear in Paris, the center of Russian political emigre periodicals."
Second issue of the magazine "Island"
A. Terekhov“The magazine “Ostrov” was not the first experience of publishing for 23-year-old Gumilyov.”
Gumilev in London: unknown interview
Elaine Rusinko“In May 1917, the cavalry officer of the tsarist army Nikolai Gumilyov was assigned to the Thessaloniki Front. However, bureaucratic delays and the uncertainty of Russia’s further participation in the war prevented him from returning to the active army.”
To my lovely queen...
Irina Sirotinskaya“She carefully kept these books all her life. I imagine how her royal fingers touched their pages, how her stern eyes followed these lines, how the poet’s instincts either caught precious pearls or noted poetic analogues, how the woman’s soul was excited by the memory of “huge tragic love.”
Under an unnecessary grid of longitudes and latitudes...
S. I. Yastremsky“Africa occupied a special place in the life of Nikolai Gumilyov. During his life he made four trips to the Northern and East Africa, the longest of which was a trip to Abyssinia in 1913.”
Towards the study of literary life of the 1920s. Two letters from E. A. Reisner to L. M. Reisner
Nikolay Bogomolov“The history of Russian literature of the 1920s has not yet been written and, in all likelihood, will not be written soon. It seems that an indispensable condition for such implementation should be not only an understanding of the material already known to readers and researchers, but also the regular publication of documents relating to the period under study.”
In blind transitions of space and time
Gennady Krasnikov“In essence, this is the history of the Russian European and Europeanism, which so powerfully, with the preservation of national identity, starting with Peter and Lomonosov, matured in Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and which, as is now obvious, could become the foundation of the life of Russia XX centuries, but at first they were mediocrely ruined in the liberal eclipse and betrayal, of which the Russian intelligentsia, so idolized by us, was guilty, and then uprooted after the Russian apocalypse of the 17th year.”
Along the line of greatest resistance
Igor Shaub“The list of those executed included 61 names. Gumilyov was listed there as number 30; reported here: Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich, 33 years old, b. nobleman, philologist, poet, member of the board of the World Literature Publishing House, non-party member, b. Officer."
The return of Nikolai Gumilyov. 1986
Vladimir Enisherlov“They tried more than once to return the name of Nikolai Gumilyov to literature in the Soviet Union in the second half of the twentieth century. But all the time, it was as if something mystical arose in the path of his poetry - something wrong happened with the publishers, then the poems were removed by censorship at the last moment, or the top officials of the party hierarchy unexpectedly intervened.”
The sorcerer’s daughter, the enchanted prince and everything, everything, everything: Alexey Tolstoy and Gumilyov
Elena Tolstaya“Gumilyov has been in Paris since 1906. He did not get along with the Merezhkovskys and did not make a very good impression on Bryusov. Nevertheless, he corresponds with him and anxiously follows the ups and downs of “The Fiery Angel,” apparently somehow relating it to his personal situation - his love for Anna Gorenko: she seems hopeless to him, and in December 1907 he attempts suicide. »
“Virtual” Gumilyov, or analytical memories
Dmitry Guzevich, Vitaly Petranovsky“This work was born as a result of many years of discussions on topics related to literary studies, but somewhat beyond its boundaries. We gave it a dialogical form in order to convey to the reader the spirit of our disputes. The second part was written by Dmitry Guzevich. Vitaly Petranovsky owns all the remarks and comments to it, as well as part one.”
Gumilyov
Vadim Polonsky“In Paris, G. was interested in the occult and spiritualism, but this hobby was short-lived and superficial.”
Nikolai Gumilyov with Lev Gumilyov
Evgeniy Stepanov“1998... What associations will arise when you mention this year? And if there’s also a little hint - the month is August? The answer is obvious. Default, panic, everything seems to stop, good intentions and plans go to hell..."
Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilev: Date in Evpatoria
Valery Meshkov“The fact is that there is no exact information about where and how Akhmatova and Gumilyov spent that summer either in the Chronicle or in other sources. At the same time, it is known that in subsequent years Gumilyov did not miss the opportunity to see Anna in Sevastopol or Kyiv.”
Unknown photographs of N. Gumilyov and other poets of the Silver Age
Kirill Finkelstein“It would seem that experts have already studied almost all archival materials and one cannot expect the emergence of new photographs of the poet. But it turns out that upon careful examination, the home archives of compatriots, whose owners often do not suspect that the documents and photographs in their possession have historical value, can bring many “wonderful discoveries.”
About two scenarios of one myth
Vadim Perelmuter“...Twenty years ago they asked me to write a preface to the book of Cherubina de Gabriak (E. I. Dmitrieva) that was then being prepared by the Crimean publishing house “Tavria”, the compilers of which were Z. Davydov and Vl. Kupchenko - included all the works of the poetess, as well as the memoirs of contemporaries and documents, in a word, the most complete (at that time) set of texts related to this, in my opinion, the most striking hoax in the history of Russian literature of the twentieth century, and, perhaps, in its entire history, not only the latest.”
Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich 1886-1921
Lev Anninsky"Russian poet. The last four years of my life were formally Soviet. The only one of the great poets of the Silver Age, executed by the Soviet government by court verdict."
Nikolai Gumilyov - Voloshin's second (the failed duel as a prehistory of the one that took place)
Alexander Kobrinsky“Voloshin did not hesitate for a minute. It was necessary to choose two people - the most trusted, the closest, to whom one could tell about what had happened and who could be invited to be seconds. For Voloshin, these people turned out to be his close friend Alexei Tolstoy (who later became his second in November 1909) - and... Nikolai Gumilyov.”
Nikolai Gumilyov - meetings in Paris in 1917–1918
Evgeny Stepanov, Andrey Ustinov“In the spring of 1917, after the changes that had taken place in Russia, accompanied by ever-increasing discord in the army, the Hussar Regiment was partially disbanded, and Gumilyov was subject to transfer to rifle regiment. This prospect clearly did not appeal to him, and he began to bother about transferring to the Russian Expeditionary Force, which fought in France and Thessaloniki.”
Some facts from the life of N. S. Gumilyov
P. Koryavtsev“Thus, we see that despite the seemingly total study and general knowledge of the biographies of the famous parents of Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov, these biographies still raise no fewer questions than before.”
Nikolai Gumilyov and the morning of Acmeism
Valery Shubinsky“For some reason, Gumilyov—the soldier, lover, “lion hunter” and “conspirator”—is remembered more than the hard-working writer. But it was this last one that was real.”
Passionarity of father and son
Olga Medvedko“After the death of Nikolai Gumilyov in 1921, Anna Akhmatova came to Bezhetsk to decide where Leva should live next - in hungry and cold Petrograd or in more well-fed Bezhetsk.”
Russian archipelago. Paris N. S. Gumilyov and A. A. Akhmatova
Olga Kuzmenko“The article is devoted to the study of Russian literary Paris in the first half of the 20th century, reflecting the Parisian period in the works of Russian writers Nikolai Gumilyov and Anna Akhmatova. The author studies the Parisian routes, meetings, and events of writers.”
Ideogram of love
Grigory Kruzhkov“It is known that Gumilyov’s romance with Reisner went through a crisis in the early spring of 1917 and did not continue. In April, Gumilyov began to bother about sending him to the Thessaloniki front and in mid-May he left Russia.”
Gumilyov and Odoevtseva in St. Petersburg (on routes from the book by I. Odoevtseva “On the Banks of the Neva”)
A. Govorova, M. Sergeeva“The article presents a “scenario” for one of the excursions for townspeople based on the book by I. Odoevtseva “On the Banks of the Neva.””
Memories
Gumilyov before arrest
Nina Berberova“Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov appears in my memory clearly and distinctly as I knew him in the last ten days of his life before prison and death. We saw each other 7-8 times. Like all talented people, he knew how and could sometimes be charming. In general, he lived “in his own way,” that is, he constantly invented life, himself, people, perceiving and creating his own atmosphere around himself.”
Georgy Adamovich about Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilev
Georgy Adamovich“I remember meetings in the Poets Workshop.” Almost invariably, Gumilyov spoke first, and spoke very confidently. Akhmatova was silent, she listened to Gumilyov, she treated him a little ironically even then, although she later, after his death, perhaps changed her attitude towards him.”
Memories of N. S. Gumilyov
Sergey Auslender“And when Gumilyov entered this awkward apartment, I understood the doorman - such gentlemen really did not come to me. I saw a tall figure in a black coat, wearing a top hat, exaggerated, a little ironic. There was something pathetic about this fashionability.”
From a letter to an unidentified person
Alexander Shervashidze-Chachba“Immediately I had a childish thought: replace the bullets with fake ones. I was naive to suggest this to my friends! They, of course, indignantly refused.”
Nikolay Gumilyov
Olga Mochalova“It was a fierce winter of 1919. Moscow was in ruins. Gumilyov and Kuzmin came to perform at the Polytechnic Museum. After the speech, N.S. walked to Kogany, where he was supposed to stop, and I walked with him to a nearby alley. N.S. was dressed in gray furs.”
Nikolay Gumilyov
Yuri Annenkov“I met Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev relatively rarely, although I knew him for many years and was friends with him. We were separated by the 1914 war. A heroic and sincere patriot, Gumilyov, immediately after its announcement, volunteered for the active army, and, for his fearlessness, was even twice awarded the St. George Cross.”
Flirting with life
Nina Sierpinska“Gumilyov, on the contrary, is all in a rush, like a silver arrow ready to fly at the enemy or into the sky. From head to toe, pur sang is a purebred military man, a “male conqueror,” impetuous, intense, active.”
From revolution to totalitarianism: Memoirs of a revolutionary (fragment)
Victor Serge“They shot the poet Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov, my Parisian comrade-enemy. He lived in the House of Arts on the Moika with his young wife, tall girl with a thin neck and the eyes of a frightened gazelle, in a spacious room, the walls of which were painted with swans and lotuses - the former bathroom of some merchant, a lover of this kind of wall poetry. The young wife received me in a state of panic.”
Excerpts from the diary
Vera Alpers“Yesterday I did something stupid, of course, by agreeing to go with Gumilev to a separate office. What courage! The devil knows what it is! Perhaps I'm too confident in myself. These things are very dangerous."
Gumilyov
Olga Hildebrandt-Arbenina“I was stunned! The poet Gumilyov, a famous poet, and the Knight of St. George, and a traveler in Africa, and Akhmatova’s husband... and suddenly he looks at me like that... He “slightly” moderated his gaze, and I was able to say something about poetry and poets. Anya then said with envy: “How smart you are! And I stand and mumble, I don’t know what.”
From an intimate diary
Olga Hildebrandt-Arbenina“And she’s in a hurry to go on a date with Gumilyov. And then unexpectedly I meet them both. He seems to be smiling. But I walk contemptuously without looking. He wrote to her about love all summer..."
Nikolay Gumilyov
Alexey Tolstoy“Often this spring I visited him in Tsarskoe, in his hospitable, established, good, official family. At that time, only his younger brother, a fifth-grade high school student, truly believed in Gumilyov, yes, maybe. talking parrot in a large cage in the dining room. The tame white mouse that Gumilyov carried in his pocket or sleeve dates back to the same time.”
"Pillar of Fire"
Nikolay Minsky“It is not easy to move from the smiling, intricately playful Kuzmin to Gumilyov, who is equally involved in the world’s joy, but focused, sober, living at a greater depth.”
In memory of N. S. Gumilyov
Solomon Posner“When summer comes, I’ll take a stick in my hands, a bag over my shoulders, and go abroad: somehow I’ll get through,” said Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov, when we said goodbye in the spring of this year, before my departure from Petrograd.”
Blok - Gumilyov
Peter Struve“I remember Blok well, I hear his voice, his image stands in front of me and again raises in me the thoughts that were once aroused by meetings with this man and reading his works.”
At Tuchkov Bridge
Peter Ryss“Petrograd was already covered in sunflowers. Comrade commissars brazenly drove cars around the city. Everyone who wore cuffs rotted in prison. It was hungry, gray, mean. And from this melancholy I wanted to run wherever my eyes looked; but the Bolshevik grave became more and more difficult, and it became more and more difficult to leave.”
winged soul
Alexander Kuprin“There was something about him that resembled some kind of wild and proud migratory bird: small, round at the back, head on a high neck, long straight nose, round eye with a watchful side gaze, leisurely movements.”
Blessed are the dead
Andrey Levinson“When Blok died, when they found out that Gumilyov, “a poet, philologist, former officer,” had been shot, this news hit our hearts. Needless to say: the dead and the murdered, those killed secretly, those killed openly - both have “good press” with us.”
Gumilyov, "Bonfire"
Vladimir Shklovsky“Fifteen years ago I saw Gumilyov among the young Romano-Germanists at Petrograd University. Then we all studied several Western languages at once, wrote poetry ourselves, and for the first time I learned the names of Henri de Regnier, Leconte de Lisle and many others.”
Gumilyov
Andrey Levinson“When, several months ago, N.S. Gumilev was tortured and killed, I did not find the strength to talk about the poet: indignation and sorrow, the enormity of the crime overshadowed for a time his image in the intimate simplicity and working routine of him.”
Sent to be shot
Nikolai Volkovysky“The dear memory of Gumilyov requires the preservation in accuracy and completeness of everything connected with his bloody death.”
N. S. Gumilev
Nikolai Volkovysky“On the low bank of the Neva, near the very waves that silently kissed the coastal sand, far from the bustle of the barely revived St. Petersburg, we sat for long evening hours and listened to Gumilev reading his poems.”
Memories of N. S. Gumilyov
Vladimir Pavlov“In those fateful August days in Petrograd, Georges Ivanov and Georgy Adamovich informed Pavlov that Gumilyov had been arrested. One of Gumilyov’s accusations was that he allegedly participated in the preparation of some kind of counter-revolutionary appeal.”
Two shadows
Yuri Rakitin“If Blok’s image is all hazy, gentle, as if covered in haze, as if from a painting by the French artist Carrier, then the portrait of Gumilyov should have been painted either by the famous David, or even better by some of our serf Borovikovsky against the background of battle armor and certainly in a uniform. Blok and Gumilyov were created by St. Petersburg.”
Sentimental Journey
Victor Shklovsky“Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov walked below without bending at the waist. This man had a will, he hypnotized himself. There were young people around him. I don’t like his school, but I know that he knew how to raise people in his own way.”
Gumilev in Paris
K. Parchevsky« February Revolution found N. Gumilyov in Paris1 as an ensign of the Alexandria Hussar Regiment, which was part of the military units sent by the Russian command to France for operations on the Western Front.”
Knight for an hour
Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko“I felt an inexpressible sadness from Gumilev’s small, elegantly published book, “To the Blue Star.” As if from a distant, unknown where, lost grave of a murdered poet, his barely audible voice called me.”
Memories of N. S. Gumilyov
Olga Della-Vos-Kardovskaya“In the spring of 1907, we moved from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoe Selo and rented an apartment on the ground floor of Belovzorova’s small two-story house on Konyushennaya Street. The Gumilevs lived on the second floor of this house.”
N. S. Gumilev
Nikolay Otsup“When I was brought to meet N.S. Gumilev at the beginning of 1918, I immediately remembered that I had already seen and heard him somewhere. Where? First I remember “The Comedians’ Rest” at the end of 1915 or the beginning of 1916. A volunteer with a St. George’s Cross reads his poems.”
Gumilyov and Blok
Vladislav Khodasevich“Blok died on the 7th, Gumilyov on August 27, 1921. But for me they both died on August 3rd. I’ll tell you why below.”
Russian conquistador. Memories of the poet Gumilyov
Anatoly Vulfius“Gumilyov studied at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium in the same class as my brother, and I very clearly remember the time of his literary endeavors.”
Gumilyov and the “Workshop of Poets”
Vladislav Khodasevich“It seems that in 1911 (I cannot vouch for the accuracy) a poetic association arose in St. Petersburg, which received the nickname “Workshop of Poets.”
In memory of Gumilyov
Georgy Adamovich“These days I remember the arrest and subsequent execution of N.S. Gumilyov. It was in August 1921 - how long ago! Like soldiers at war, months are now counted as years for us. But the fact is that events are erased or faded in memory. No, it’s like looking through binoculars from the back - everything is completely clear and distinct, but removed at a huge distance.”
Blok and Gumilev
Georgy Ivanov““Next in line” was Gumilyov. I don’t know whether the fairy who placed her gift of self-love in Gumilyov’s cradle was good or evil. Extraordinary, burning, passionate. This gift helped Gumilyov become what he is - the pride of Russian poetry; this gift led him to death."
Evening at Annensky's
Georgy Adamovich“The Tsarskoye Selo people were all a little dedicated and seemed to be bound by mutual responsibility.”
"In the middle of the earthly journey." (Life of Gumilyov)
Georgy Ivanov“The last days of Gumilyov. - Childhood. - Plan to conquer the world. Three trips to Africa. - Sending to the front. - During the days of the revolution. Second marriage. - Literary work. - Before execution."
Memories of N. S. Gumilyov
Victor Iretsky“23 years ago. 1908. A very strange man appears at the editorial office - for the editorial office of a Russian newspaper. He's wearing a top hat and white kid gloves. He is all tense, starched, arrogant. This is also striking because he is very ugly. Even ugly."
10th anniversary of the execution of N. S. Gumilyov
Peter Pilsky“Gumilyov in front of the security officers. - Gumilev about Blok. - It is impossible to know. - Chastity. - My memories. - Turn. - Art for... - Gumilyov about poetry. - Five topics. - Revolution. - Premonition of death. - Blue Star. - Before the end."
About Gumilyov
Georgy IvanovNotes from a Companion (excerpt from the book)
Lev Nikulin“The book by the writer Lev Veniaminovich Nikulin tells about what he saw not only as a companion, but also as a participant in the revolutionary upheavals, about meetings with famous people of that era: Larisa Reisner and F. Raskolnikov, M. Andreeva and others.”
Diary of the Poet's House (excerpt)
Maximilian Voloshin“But I didn’t say. You believed the words of that crazy woman... However... if you are not satisfied, then I can answer for my words, as then...”
One-and-a-half-eyed Sagittarius
Benedict Livshits“...I don’t know what the “Stray Dog” was supposed to be according to the original plan of the founders who established it at the Art Society of the Intimate Theater, but in the thirteenth year it was the only island in night Petersburg, where literary and artistic youth, as a general rule, did not have not a penny to my name, I felt at home.”
On the screen Gumilyov
Andrey Bely“They teased the poor fellow, who stood very stupidly,” writes A. Bely, “walked from pure heart to the poets." Then Merezhkovsky appeared and, putting his hands in his pockets, said with a French accent: “You, my dear, are in the wrong place! You don’t belong here.” And then Gippius pointed to the door with her lorgnette.”
Around the name of N. S. Gumilyov
Nikolay Otsup“On the fourteenth anniversary of the death of N.S. Gumilyov, I don’t want to remember the circumstances of his death. It’s better to remember something from his life and, if possible, something that was hardly or not talked about.”
Gumilyov and Blok
Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky“...It was especially interesting to see him in conversation with Gumilyov. They clearly disliked each other, but did not express their dislike in any way: moreover, each of their conversations seemed like a subtle duel of mutual politeness and courtesy.”
Poets of the Tsarskoye Selo Gymnasium
Dmitry Klenovsky“I began to take a closer look at Gumilyov in the gymnasium. But with caution - after all, he was 6 or 7 grades older than me! That’s why I didn’t see him properly... And if I remembered anything, it was purely external. I remember that he was always especially clean, even smartly dressed.”
Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov
Anna Gumileva“I had to read in print some biographical information about my late brother-in-law, the poet N.S. Gumilev, but, often finding them incomplete, I decided to share my personal memories of him. In my memories I will call the poet by name - Kolya, as I always called him.”
About Gumilev. (1886-1921)
Leonid Strahovsky“On the twenty-fifth of August, one thousand nine hundred and twenty-one, Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov, one of the most beautiful Russian poets, who led Russian poetry again to purity, simplicity, accuracy and clarity after it was clogged with the nebulae of the Symbolists, was executed. »
Works and days of N. S. Gumilyov.
Gleb Struve“We find information about what Gumilyov worked on in 1919-21 in the journal “Bulletin of Literature” (this journal is very rare abroad).”
Nikolai Gumilyov (1886-1921)
Sergey Makovsky“The young man was thin, slender, wearing an elegant university frock coat with a very high, dark blue collar (the fashion at that time), and his hair was carefully parted. But his face was not distinguished by his good looks: a shapeless soft nose, thick pale lips and a slightly sidelong glance (I did not immediately notice his white chiseled hands).”
Memories
Tatiana Vysotskaya“My numerous studio, musical and theatrical experiences enriched my worldview, expanded my horizons and artistic sensitivity. Only life itself, life, as they say, personal, had its charms, I - in any case - did not give up what for every young girl is the charm, poetry and beauty of this life.”
Nicolas Gumilëv: Un témoignage sur l`homme et sur le poète
Sergey Makovsky"Assurément, l" hérédité, le milieu, l "époque sont trois sources qui contribuent à produire un écrivain." Mais le hasard et les contingences entrent pour beaucoup dans le résultat final, dans l "oeuvre créatrice. Ces contingences biographiques, nous les nommons, après coup, le destin de l"écrivain. Et la première place y revient à l"amour et aux amours de l"écrivain, surtout s"il est poète."
From “Memories of Alexander Blok”
Nadezhda Pavlovich“The bloc was supported by Rozhdestvensky, Erberg, Shkapskaya and myself; Lozinsky, Grushko, Kuzmin, Akhmatova remained neutral. Large group youth united around Gumilyov; they were the most active and were proud of the nickname “humilyat.”
Russian Paris, 1906-1908
Alexander Bisk“These notes represent a “small history.” When you think about how much work researchers put in to discover new materials about the life of some third-rate poet of Pushkin’s time, what kind of archives they have to dig through, you inevitably decide that the most insignificant facts from the era of the Silver Age cannot be discarded, but must somehow be preserved for the future generations."
Nikolai Gumilyov from personal memories
Sergey Makovsky“Gumilyov began to come in every day and I liked him more and more. I liked his calm pride, his reluctance to be frank with the first person he met, his sense of dignity, which, I must say, Russians often lack.”
Studio "World Literature"
Elizaveta Polonskaya“Most of all, the name of Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov, a strict master of verse, the head of the Acmeist school, who gathered around him a group of talented poets in the last pre-revolutionary years, attracted people to the Studio of World Literature.”
Nikolay Gumilyov
Nikolay Chukovsky“I first saw Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov in Kuokkala, in our garden, in the summer of 1916, on one Sunday. He didn’t know my parents well at the time and arrived wearing a black business card and a starched collar holding up his cheeks. It was hot, the guests were drinking tea in the garden under the tree, and it was creepy and pathetic to look at the skinny, straight man in black with his head raised and not turning. He looked like that smoked whitefish on a stick sticking out of his mouth that my mother always treated our Sunday guests to.”
N. S. Gumilev
Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky“I have long wanted to write down what the memory of one remarkable person preserved, communication with whom left a mark on my entire subsequent literary life. Moreover, this man was a poet whose name should not fade away in our literature.”
Memories
Lev Arens“I remember Gumilyov from Tsarskoe Selo. I was a high school student then, studying together with his nephew, Kolya Sverchkov, and Gumilyov had already graduated from high school.”
Master
Ida Nappelbaum“We studied in a narrow, long, unremarkable room. At a long narrow table. Nikolai Stepanovich sat at the head of the table, with his back to the door. The students were seated around a table. Somehow it turned out that our places were assigned to us on their own.”
Memories of N. S. Gumilyov
Yuri Sheinmann“This synodik made a great impression on the deputies. During the entire reading, not a single sound broke the silence. There were no questions or speeches. So Zinoviev took the floor. And they dispersed in silence.”
Memories of N. S. Gumilyov
Leonid Borisov“Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov, not only to me alone, but to everyone who saw him at least once, seemed like an elderly man, much older than his years.”
About N. S. Gumilyov
Natalya Semevskaya“I remember one of Nikolai Stepanovich’s commandments: “Every poet writes on behalf of someone else, but not necessarily about himself.” Giving examples of this statement, he referred to Akhmatova, who “writes on behalf of all abandoned women.”
-
Mikhail Slonimsky
“I saw Nikolai Stepanovich talking with the writer Sergei Kolbasyev. They met in Sevastopol during the years when the civil war had not yet ended. Gumilyov said that this was the same “lieutenant who drove gunboats under fire from enemy batteries.”
Letter about Gumilyov
Yuri Yanishevsky“I will be happy to tell you... everything that I remember about my joint service with N.S. Gumilyov in Her Majesty’s Ulan Regiment. We both arrived at the same time in Krechevitsy (Novgorod province) to the Guards Reserve Regiment and were enlisted in the marching squadron of Her Majesty’s Life Guards Ulan Regiment.”
What I remembered about Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov
Doriana Slepyan“I also remember how often Nikolai Stepanovich invited me to evenings at the former Zubovsky mansion on St. Isaac’s Square.”
From unwritten memories
Olga Grudtsova“The news of Gumilyov’s arrest stunned everyone. But, it seems to me, no one believed in the seriousness of this event, they thought: he will be released any minute and he will come...”
My meeting with N. S. Gumilyov
N. Dobryshin“Gumilyov went to the war of 1914-1917. volunteered and served as volunteers of Her Majesty the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna’s Life-Ulan Regiment, in which the attitude towards volunteers was extremely harsh: they lived with the soldiers, ate from a common cauldron, slept on straw and often rolled on the ground.”
About books and authors / Nikolay Gumilyov
Georgy Adamovich“For reasons that are known to anyone who is even slightly interested in literature, Gumilyov is still banned in the Soviet Union. In this sense, those writers who were, according to the now common formula, repressed in the 30s were luckier. They are talked about, they are remembered.”
Under the east wind
Johannes von Gunther“I met him on the first day. He was the leader of a small opposition against me - and perhaps the first to accept me. At first we were inseparable. At Apollo he headed the poetry department and had to read all the poems sent in - it was an avalanche.”
From letters about N. S. Gumilyov
Mikhail Larionov“Nikolai Stepanovich and I saw each other every day almost until he left for London. Then he came to Paris for 1-2 days before leaving for St. Petersburg, where he went via London.”
Forever
Olga Mochalova“He offered to come to his room. “Do you have any special architecture there? I’m sure not,” I answered. “Tomorrow we will meet at the entrance to the park. You come with me.”
That's what Gumilyov said
Irina Odoevtseva“Gumilyov said that there is no highest rank than the title of poet. Poets, in his opinion, are the best representatives of humanity, they most fully embody the image and likeness of God, they have discovered what is inaccessible to mere mortals.”
Notes about Gumilyov
Yulian Oksman“Gumilyov was wearing some kind of fantastic, wide-open reindeer coat, which he received on Gorky’s personal orders, either in World Literature or in the House of Scientists.”
About the production of “Gondla”
Gayane Khalaydzhieva“We only got ready at one o’clock in the morning. There were two people sitting in the hall: N. S. Gumilyov and S. M. Gorelik. All the actors were shaking. But the performance went well. At about 2 a.m. Gumilyov was already leaving, and everyone went to see him off.”
N. S. Gumilyov and A. A. Akhmatova
Ekaterina Kardovskaya“My parents rented an apartment on the first floor of this house, and then she lived on the second floor big family Gumilyov. The layout of both apartments was the same; Although it had seven, it was small, and often just small rooms.”
From the "Oral Book"
Nikolay Tikhonov“To justify the name of the house - “House of Arts”, studios were set up in it. The studio of criticism was led, for example, by Korney Chukovsky, of poetry by Gumilyov... Volynsky founded a dance school and was in charge of this studio.”
Memories of N. S. Gumilyov
Korney Chukovsky“He seemed to me somehow ceremonious, arrogant and prim. The face is ashen-gray, narrow, long, not a trace of blood on the cheeks, dressed foppishly, in a foreign manner: top hat, kid gloves, high collar on a thin and weak neck.”
About N. S. Gumilyov
Lev Nappelbaum“He smiled with some kind of half-smile, looking as if from under his eyelids. And my eyes were a little droopy, you can feel it in the photograph. Some kind of charm that only he had was transmitted to absolutely everyone around him. Essentially, he was not yet an old man, only 35 years old, but he made a very significant impression - a master, you could feel that he was a master.”
Memories of Gumilyov
Sofia Erlich“I carefully preserve Nikolai Stepanovich’s entire appearance in my memory, and I’ll tell you how I remember him.”
Gumilyov
Lydia Ginzburg“If Gumilyov had carried out the “Poetics” he had planned, the book that would have turned out, in all likelihood, would be very unscientific, very normative and intolerant, and therefore highly valuable - as a projection creative personality and as a body of incomparable experience of the craft.”
“Gumilyov spoke to me...”
Dmitry Bushen“Nikolai Stepanovich was stately, tall, but ugly in face. However, very interesting. When he spoke, everything was so interesting that you forgot what he looked like.”
Confession
Cherubina de Gabriac“The first time I saw N.S. was in June 1907 in Paris in the studio of the artist Sebastian Gurevich, who was painting my portrait. He was still just a boy, with a pale, mannered face, a lisping speech, and in his hands he held a small snake made of blue beads. She amazed me the most.”
Life and poems of Nikolai Gumilyov
Vladimir Enisherlov“In 1926, in the book “Nekrasov,” K.I. Chukovsky published his famous questionnaire “Modern poets about Nekrasov.” N.S. Gumilyov answered the questionnaire in 1919.”
Meetings
Vladimir Piast“This publication represents excerpts relating to Gumilyov from Piast’s book “Meetings,” published in 1929 and has not been reprinted since then. Vladimir Aleksandrovich Piast (Pestovsky), 1886-1940 - poet, memoirist, critic. See our article about him in the magazine “Sagittarius”, No. 6, 1986.”
Memories of Gumilyov and Akhmatova
Vera Nevedomskaya“I still remember my first impression of meeting Gumilyov and Akhmatova in their Slepnev. Gumilyov entered from the garden onto the veranda where we were drinking tea; on his head is a lemon-colored fez, on his feet are purple socks and sandals, and to go with it is a Russian shirt.”
Notes by Anna Akhmatova about Nikolai Gumilyov
Anna Akhmatova“The notebooks of Anna Akhmatova, which are stored in the Central State Archive of Literature of the USSR and are now being prepared for publication in the Akhmatova volume of Literary Heritage, contain many entries concerning the work of Nikolai Gumilyov and the history of their personal relationships.”
Daphnis and Chloe
Valeria Sreznevskaya“Anya met Kolya Gumilyov, then a seventh-grade high school student, in 1904, on Christmas Eve. We left the house, Anya and I with my younger brother Seryozha, buy some decorations for the Christmas tree, which we always had on the first day of Christmas.”
From memories of N. S. Gumilyov
Erich Hollerbach“An incorrigible romantic, a vagabond adventurer, a “conquistador,” a tireless seeker of dangers and strong sensations—that was him.”
Memories of Cherubina de Gabriac
Maximilian Voloshin“...Vyacheslav Ivanov probably suspected that I was the author of Cherubina, since he told me: “I really appreciate Cherubina’s poems. They are talented. But if this is a hoax, then it’s brilliant.” He was counting on “the crow to caw.” However, I didn't croak. A. N. Tolstoy told me a long time ago: “Come on, Max, this won’t end well.”
Tower Dweller
Andrey Bely“...Vyacheslav loved comic fights, pitting me against Gumilyov, who appeared at one o’clock to spend the night (he didn’t make it to his Tsarskoye), in a black, elegant tailcoat, with a top hat, and a glove; sat like a stick, with an arrogant, slightly ironic, but good-natured face; and countered with the appearance of Ivanov’s attacks.”
My meetings with Anna Akhmatova
Georgy Adamovich“I can’t remember exactly when I first saw Anna Andreevna. This probably happened two years before the First World War at the Romano-Germanic seminary of St. Petersburg University.”
Mitya and Kolya
Alexandra Sverchkova“The boy’s love for poetry awoke early, he began to think deeply about life, he was struck by the words in the Gospel: “you are gods”... and he decided to improve himself. While living in “Berezki”, he began to behave in a completely incomprehensible way: he disappeared for days, then it turned out that he had dug himself a cave on the river bank and spent time there in fasting and meditation. He even tried to perform miracles!..”
From memories
Vera Lurie“Another seminar I went to was called “Versification”, its leader was Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov. Gumilyov was a monarchist, an absolute opponent of the Soviet regime.”
In the middle of the earthly journey
Ivan Pankeyev“The poet lived for thirty-five years; now his second life has begun - his return to the reader. Yes, without Gumilyov, Russian literature - not only poetry, but also criticism and prose - is incomplete. This gap is now being filled. But this cannot and should not end the conversation about the poet, whose work not only in the Silver Age of Russian poetry had great importance, but also influenced the further development of literature.”
Notes to self
Innokenty Basalaev“Or here’s another one. Already in the twenties. In the current House there is a radio Literary evening. Gumilyov appears with a new wife - Anna Nikolaevna, sharp-nosed, narrow-minded; she is with her friend, also Anna. One usually said about the other: “And Annochka is even stupider than me!”
From the diary I don't keep
Yulian Oksman“October 13, 1959, Tuesday... Anna Andreevna Akhmatova dined with us today. In the few months that we have not seen each other, she has been purely externally- has changed a lot. Somehow she became plumper - not only plump, but completely “expanded” and at the same time strengthened, calmed down, became even more monumental than she was. By the age of seventy, the last touch of Akhmatova’s era, not only “The Rosary,” but also “Anno Domini” had disappeared. But I remember her from the “Comedians’ Rest”, at the evenings of poets at St. Petersburg University. I remember the very young and proudly refined Akhmatova of the period of her first great successes, Akhmatova immortalized by Modigliani and Altman, in the poems of Gumilyov and Mandelstam...”
Valery Bryusov and his entourage
Bronislava Pogorelova“It was a clear spring day. Sister Ioanna Matveevna and I sat together at afternoon tea. V. Ya. came out of his office, and not alone. It turned out that he had a guest, whom he brought with him. There was nothing unusual in such an appearance. Around four or five o'clock writers and editors kept coming in, and everyone had long since become accustomed to them. But the guest who appeared that day turned out to be extraordinary. “Gumilyov,” he introduced himself, somehow too self-confidently. Everything about him was amazing.”
Silhouette in the rain
D. Ivanov, Yuri Tsvetkov“It was hard not to notice that Orest Nikolaevich was biased, almost painful, towards literary criticism, memories of his father, assessments of the events of his life, sometimes questioning the very reliability of some events.”
Vyacheslav Ivanov about Gumilyov
Vyacheslav Ivanov“The tragic circumstances of the death of N. S. Gumilyov led to the fact that the story of V. I. Ivanov’s acquaintance with him was presented almost as an idyll.”
Excerpt from the book “Bread and Matzo”
Sofia Erlich“Almost from the first words, I felt like a student about to take an exam. Gumilyov clearly wanted to find out what the young, aspiring author was like.”
Italics are mine. Autobiography (book excerpt)
Nina Berberova“After the “lecture,” Gumilyov invited the students to play blind man’s buff, and everyone began to run around him with pleasure, blindfolding him with a scarf. I couldn’t bring myself to run with everyone else - this game seemed to me something artificial, I wanted more poems, more conversations about poetry, but I was afraid that my refusal would seem offensive to them, and I didn’t know what to decide.”
Nikolay Gumilyov and Fyodor Sologub about firewood
Yu. D. Levin“The “wood theme” itself was raised by Gumilyov (it was still absent from Lerner’s poem that opened the album).”
Memories. Gumilyov
Vera Lurie“The famous poetess Vera Lurie (1901 St. Petersburg - 1998 Berlin), whose memoirs the magazine “Studio” begins to publish, was a member of the literary circle of young poets Nikolai Gumilyov “The Sounding Shell.” Since 1921, Vera Lurie lived in Berlin. Her memoirs, which she worked on in the last years of her life, written in German, were not completed and therefore not published in Germany."
Anna Akhmatova: “My destiny is to be his wife”
Tatiana Yurskaya“The swimming season ended, the town of Trouville fell into hibernation, and then an event occurred that excited the entire small local population: a policeman arrested a certain mysterious foreigner.”
Tiflis friends of Gumilyov. (Washington finds)
Yuliy Zyslin“Once, while visiting the house of the mathematician Lev Sirota, I had nothing better to do and began looking through a selection of his books of Russian poetry. Gumilyov was presented here in the Tbilisi edition of 1988, which at that time was absent from the collection of my literary and musical museum (recently in New York this book was given to me by the former editor-in-chief of the Tbilisi publishing house “Merani” Ushangi Rizhinashvili).”
Blue Tuesdays
Teffi“There was such a poet Vasily Kamensky. I don’t know if he is alive and exists as a poet, but already in emigration I read about him - there was a debate in St. Petersburg “Is Vasily Kamensky a genius?” After that, I never saw his name again and don’t know anything about him. He was talented and original."
“Is it possible for a dead woman to be praised?..”
Olga Vaksel“There was a circle of poets at the institute, which I immediately joined, led by Gumilyov. It was called "Laboremus". And soon there was a split in the circle, and the other half began to call themselves “Metaxa”, we called them: “we, dachshunds.”
“Adamovich period” in the life of Gumilyov. (Excerpt from the book)
Alexander Kolmogorov“From the end of December 1913, the aspiring poet Georgy Ivanov, having parted with Osip Mandelstam by that time, began to appear at the night literary and artistic cafe “Stray Dog” on Mikhailovskaya Square in St. Petersburg with a new friend, Georgy Adamovich.”
How the Bezhetsk penates of Nikolai Gumilyov and Anna Akhmatova were born
Evgeniy Stepanov“Memoirs of Evgeny Evgenievich Stepanov, how the refugee penates of N. S. Gumilyov and A. A. Akhmatova were born. About the people who stood at the origins of this movement.”
About death
Protocol of testimony gr. Tagantseva
Vladimir Tagantsev“The poet Gumilyov, after Herman’s story, approached him at the end of November 1920. Gumilyov claimed that a group of intellectuals was connected with him, that he could dispose of this group and, if they spoke, agreed to go out into the street.”
Handwritten testimony of N. S. Gumilyov
Nikolay Gumilyov“I hereby confirm that I had Vyacheslavsky alone, and when I spoke with him about a group of people who could take part in the uprising, I did not mean anyone specific, but simply about ten acquaintances I met from among former officers, capable, in turn, of organizing and leading volunteers who, in my opinion, would not hesitate to join the already formed group.”
Gumilyov - as we knew him (On the fifth anniversary of the execution)
Boris Khariton“I bring these little things that characterize appearance Gumilev, because even his fans, with the exception of a small group of St. Petersburg residents, know only his wonderful poems and could read very little about him, and yet he was a very interesting person, very special.”
Tagantsev's riddle
Alexander Amfiteatrov“Regarding my article about Gumilyov, Professor S, a former employee, one of the closest ones, of the St. Petersburg “World Literature” writes to me from France: “I would like to tell you something known to me. Gumilyov undoubtedly took part in the Tagantsev conspiracy and even played a prominent role there.”
About Trotsky's suite train, the execution of Gumilyov and the basket with proclamations
Georgy Ivanov“In the winter, some young officer came to Gumilyov with someone’s recommendation and offered to take part in the conspiracy. It seems the proclamation was serious. It seems that this young officer was not personally a provocateur. He was a victim of provocation. Gumilyov accepted the offer.”
Hourly honor
Alexander Amfiteatrov“I did not believe and continue to not believe in his involvement in that conspiracy, for the imaginary connection with which he was shot - in the so-called “Tagantsevsky”. He had nothing to do with this - I have very definite grounds for this statement - just as most of the 61 executed in this deplorable case had nothing to do with it, if anyone had anything to do with it at all, starting with Tagantsev himself.”
Once again about the place of execution of N. S. Gumilyov
Irina Punina“The place of execution of N.S. Gumilyov can be determined more precisely if the archives of the Cheka are available, but it is not known whether the places of executions were recorded then. It was suggested that not everyone was shot at the same time. The newspaper message was published on September 1..."
Halfway from half-truths
D. Zubarev, F. Perchenok“A number of evidence relate specifically to N.S. Gumilyov. B. Khariton reported that Gumilyov showed him the proclamations during the days of Kronstadt. I. Odoevtseva wrote about Gumilev’s confession of involvement in the underground, about weapons and money in his house, and then in an interview with Questions of Literature she remembered another participant in the underground - an unnamed poet, about whom Gumilev told her.”
Latest text by N. S. Gumilyov
Mikhail Elzon“Lord, forgive my sins, I’m going to last way. N. Gumilyov."
The case of the “Petrograd Combat Organization of V.N. Tagantsev”
Vladimir Chernyaev“On July 24, 1921, the Cheka reported in the press about the liquidation of a major conspiracy led by V.N. Tagantsev, which had the goal of an armed uprising in Petrograd, the North-Western and Northern regions. The Chekists presented the “Tagantsev Case” as a “second Kronstadt” (in March 1921). Was attracted to criminal liability 833 people, of whom 96 were shot according to the verdict and killed during detention, 83 were sent to a concentration camp, 11 were extradited from the province, 1 was imprisoned in a children’s colony, 448 were released with or without credit for their imprisonment (the fate of the others is unknown).”
Accepted death with dignity
Vladimir Polushin“August 25, 1921 will forever remain a black day in the history of the Russian Silver Age. On this day, one of the most remarkable poets of the early twentieth century was killed - a romantic, conquistador and traveler, knight of Russian Poetry Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov.”
There are many ways to kill a poet
Sergey Luknitsky“Published documents, materials, certificates, resumes, etc. are the story of the death and rehabilitation of Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov, who in 1921 was put to death by the authorities of the workers and peasants.”
In the hour of the hyena
Yuri Zobnin“We do not know for sure the details of the execution in Berngardovka. But on the low, swampy wasteland, not far from that forest clearing, people gather every year at the end of August. And there stands there a simple iron cross, welded from two pipes, and small boulders lie around: symbolic tombstones of poets killed and tortured in Russia ... "
I defend Gumilyov
Sergey Luknitsky“You become a lawyer, like a poet, suddenly. 25 years ago, on the day of my father’s death, he had not yet been buried, and already from the executive committee they came with a centimeter to calculate the surplus of the resulting living space, my mother said: “If you were a lawyer, we would not be so humiliated now...”. Before his death, dad said: “It’s a pity that you are a journalist; if you were a lawyer, you would complete the case of Gumilyov’s rehabilitation. I did not make it in time. Take care of your mother and don’t squander the archive.”
Mysteries of the death of N. Gumilyov
Anatoly Dolivo-Dobrovolsky“August 1996 marked the 75th anniversary of tragic death the great Russian poet Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov, shot by Petrograd security officers, presumably on August 24 or 25, somewhere near the Berngardovka station near Petrograd, in the valley of the river. Lubya. August 1921 was a mournful month for Russian poetry: on August 7, another wonderful Russian poet, Alexander Blok, Gumilyov’s eternal rival and antagonist, died.”
The death of N. S. Gumilyov as a literary fact
Andrey Miroshkin“The work is devoted to the history of understanding the death of N.S. Gumilyov, and this event is studied as a literary fact. As is known, this concept was most clearly formulated by Yu. N. Tynyanov. Any fact of a writer’s biography, like the entire biography as a whole, the researcher argued, can, under a certain set of circumstances, become a literary fact.”
Memorial service for Gumilyov
Igor Belza“I also told Boris Viktorovich that in the 20s, Gumilyov’s poems were often heard from the stage in Kyiv performed by Georgy Artabolevsky, whose pathetic reading of “The Lost Tram” brought Kiev residents to tears, which were also shed at memorial services for the murdered creator of this mournful masterpiece Russian poetry. And he admitted to Tomashevsky that already in his student years, Gumilyov’s work forever became an inseparable part of my spiritual life and became part of my music.”
Crimean tent of Nikolai Gumilyov
Alexey Vasiliev“In May 1921, Osip Mandelstam introduced Gumilyov to a certain Vladimir Pavlov, a young energetic person, poet, admirer of the work of Nikolai Stepanovich. New acquaintances soon found mutual language- their relationship became friendly. St. Petersburg poets valued Pavlov not so much for his poems as for his “ability to obtain alcohol.”
Historians have established the exact date of death of Nikolai Gumilyov
author unknown“In St. Petersburg, historians have established the exact date of the death of the poet Nikolai Gumilyov. When working with documents about executions in the period from 1918 to 1941, scientists were able to find notes on the extradition of the poet for execution of a death sentence. Gumilyov was shot on the night of August 26, 1921, among 57 people convicted in the case of conspiracy against Soviet power.”
Manuscripts and autographs
Agreement with Alexander Vasilyevich Krestin
Nikolay Gumilyov“Petrograd December 29, 1919. We, the undersigned Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev on the one hand, and Alexander Vasilyevich Krestin on the other hand, have concluded this agreement.”
War
Poet at war. Part 3. Issue 7
Evgeniy Stepanov“The third and final part of the documentary chronicle “The Poet at War” will be dedicated to the military service of Nikolai Gumilyov abroad, after his secondment to the Russian Expeditionary Force in May 1917.”
Adjutant of the Provisional Government
I. A. Kurlyandsky“In the spring of 1917 (after evacuation for treatment) Gumilyov lived in Petrograd with his old friend, the poet and translator M. L. Lozinsky. Nikolai Stepanovich “sincerely and naively was indignant at the lack of concentration, anarchy in the troops, and stupid thinking.”
Volyn Odyssey of the poet Nikolai Gumilyov
Sergey Gupalo"As soon as the First began World War, Nikolai Gumilyov immediately looks for an opportunity to go to the front. The main obstacle was his health, since he had previously been declared unfit for military service due to strabismus.”
Poet and warrior of the First World War N. S. Gumilyov
L. Sorina“We are slowly recovering our historical memory. The First World War still remains in Russia without heroes, without their names, without monuments to the soldiers who died in the world war. The memorable date, the 90th anniversary of the beginning of the First World War, was first celebrated in our country in 2004.”
Non-academic comments
Evgeniy Stepanov“If Bulgakov’s formula “manuscripts don’t burn” always applied in life, then this volume epistolary heritage of N. S. Gumilyov, most likely, should have opened with a letter to Anya Gorenko. And one volume was hardly enough for all their correspondence..."
Non-academic comments - 2
Evgeniy Stepanov“Only seven months separate Gumilyov’s return from his first “hunting” trip to Abyssinia and just over three months from his return from his honeymoon trip with Akhmatova to Paris from the second - the most mysterious and lengthy trip to Abyssinia, similar to an escape. From whom and from what?
Non-academic comments - 3
Evgeniy Stepanov“For reasons beyond the author’s control, the third “Non-Academic Commentaries” came out with a delay of one issue. But, as they say, everything that is done is for the better. Because of this delay and thanks to a happy coincidence of circumstances, firstly, it was possible to make a number of significant additions and corrections to the work.”
Recent non-academic comments - 4
Evgeniy Stepanov“In the first “war” issue, I will be forced to touch on the topic of the poet’s “personal life,” although delving into it, making all sorts of conjectures, making “discoveries” in this area is not particularly interesting to me personally. After all, that’s why “personal life” is the business of every person, and judging it from the outside is a less-than-respectable occupation. However, the vast majority of biographical “monographs” are focused on this.”
Poet at war. Part 1. Issue 1
Evgeniy Stepanov“The beginning of Nikolai Gumilyov’s military service, its first two months, was described in detail at the end of the fourth “Non-Academic Comments.” However, before moving on to a further description, we will try to answer one “elementary question” that involuntarily arises. Why did Nikolai Gumilyov suddenly decide to go to war?”
Poet at war. Part 1. Issue 2
Evgeniy Stepanov“As was said in the previous issue, the Life Guards Uhlan Regiment spent the beginning of November on vacation in Kovno, about which Gumilyov managed to write to Lozinsky, briefly talking about his “baptism of fire.”
Poet at war. Part 1. Issue 3
Evgeniy Stepanov“Gumilev returned to the regiment still in Poland before its loading began, although the final point of the route, as it turned out, was located much closer to Petrograd, in places already familiar from previous military operations.”
Poet at war. Part 1. Issue 4
Evgeniy Stepanov“As was said in the previous issue, despite the fact that during the re-examination by the medical commission they wanted to declare Nikolai Gumilyov unfit to continue military service, he, ignoring the opinion of the doctors, returned to the front at the very end of May or beginning of June.”
Poet at war. Part 1. Issue 5
Evgeniy Stepanov“As was said, with a high degree of probability, in August Gumilyov briefly left the regiment, visiting Petrograd. Two assumptions were made about the possible timing of such a trip - either at the beginning of August or at the end of the month. Most researchers, based on Akhmatova’s story to Luknitsky in 1925 (or 1927), believe that such a trip took place at the beginning of the month.”
Poet at war. Part 2. Issue 6
Evgeniy Stepanov“The second part of the documentary chronicle “The Poet at War” will be devoted to further military service Nikolai Gumilyov after his transfer from the Life Guards Uhlan Regiment to the 5th Hussar Alexandria Regiment."
Notes
Duel of writers
author unknown“In yesterday’s issue “Art. Rumors" reported an incident between writers Maximilian Voloshin and Gumilyov and the possibility of a duel between them."
The case of the literary duelists
author unknown“Today the district court considered the case of the poet Gumilyov and the novelist M. Voloshin. The first was accused of challenging him to a duel, the second was accused of accepting the challenge.”
Gumilyov's poetry
Mikhail Bestuzhev“Seven years ago, the young poet N. Gumilyov published a book of poems entitled “The Path of the Conquistadors”; in 1908, his “Romantic Flowers” were published, which later became part of the book “Pearls,” published in 1910, and this year a new collection of his poems appeared, “Alien Sky.” In them, N. Gumilyov declared himself a talented poet, who had no rival among the young in his ability to gracefully master the music of poetry. His last two books can be considered quite mature and complete.”
Book (24.09.1912)
author unknown“M. Kuzmin, who was silent for a long time, wrote a great story “Dreamers”, which will be published in the magazine “Niva”. This magazine, in general, quite energetically attracts such notorious “Apollonists” as Auslander, Gumilyov, Kuzmin, etc.”
Book (8.10.1912)
author unknown“It is planned to publish a new monthly magazine “Hyperborea” in St. Petersburg.”
Bronze Horseman
author unknown“A new club of literary figures, the Bronze Horseman, has opened in Petrograd.”
Short biography Nikolai Gumilyov (1 option)
Gumilev Nikolai Stepanovich (1886 - 1921) - Russian poet, prose writer, literary critic, translator, representative of the “Silver Age” literature, founder of the school of Russian Acmeism.Childhood and first works
Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev was born on April 3 (15), 1886 in Kronstadt, in the family of a ship’s doctor. The future writer spent his childhood first in Tsarskoe Selo, and then in the city of Tiflis. In 1902, Gumilyov’s first poem “I fled to the forest from the cities...” was published.
In 1903, Nikolai Stepanovich entered the 7th grade of the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium. In the same year the writer met future wife– Anna Gorenko (Akhmatova). In 1905, a most important event occurred in Gumilyov’s short biography - the poet’s first collection, “The Path of the Conquistadors,” was published.
Mature creativity. Trips
After graduating from high school in 1906, Gumilyov went to Paris and entered the Sorbonne. While in France, Nikolai Stepanovich tried to publish the magazine “Sirius” (1907), an exquisite magazine for those times. In 1908, the writer’s second collection, “Romantic Flowers,” dedicated to Anna Akhmatova, was published. This book marked the beginning of Gumilyov's mature work.
Nikolai Stepanovich returns to Russia, but soon leaves again. The writer visits Sinop, Istanbul, Greece, Egypt, and African countries with expeditions.
In 1909, Gumilyov entered St. Petersburg University, first to the Faculty of Law, but then transferred to the Faculty of History and Philology. The writer accepts Active participation in the creation of the Apollo magazine. In 1910, the collection “Pearls” was published, which received positive reviews from V. Ivanov, I. Annensky, and V. Bryusov. The book includes the famous work of the writer “Captains”.
In April 1910, Gumilev married Anna Akhmatova.
“The Workshop of Poets” and Acmeism. First World War
In 1911, with the participation of Gumilev, the poetic association “Workshop of Poets” was created, which included O. Mandelstam, S. Gorodetsky, V. Narbut, M. Zenkevich, E. Kuzmina-Karavaeva. In 1912, Nikolai Stepanovich announced the emergence of a new artistic movement, Acmeism, and soon the magazine “Hyperborea” was created, and Gumilyov’s collection “Alien Sky” was published. In 1913, the writer again went to the East.
With the outbreak of the First World War, Gumilev, whose biography was already full of extraordinary events, voluntarily went to the front and was awarded two St. George's Crosses for his bravery. While serving in Paris in 1917, the poet fell in love with Helene du Boucher and dedicated a collection of poems, To the Blue Star, to her.
Post-war years. Death
In 1918, Gumilyov returned to Russia. In August of the same year, the writer divorced Akhmatova.
In 1919–1920, the poet worked at the World Literature publishing house, taught, and translated from English and French. In 1919 he married Anna Engelhardt, daughter of N. Engelhardt. Gumilyov's poems from the collection “Pillar of Fire” (1921) are dedicated to his second wife.
In August 1921, Nikolai Gumilev was arrested on charges of participation in the anti-government “Tagantsev conspiracy.” Three weeks later he was sentenced to death, executed the very next day. Exact date The execution and burial place of Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich are unknown.
- In 1909, Gumilev took part in an absurd duel with M. Voloshin because Nikolai Stepanovich spoke unflatteringly about the poetess Elizaveta Dmitrieva. Both poets did not want to shoot themselves, Gumilyov fired into the air, Voloshin’s pistol misfired.
- In 1916, Gumilyov was enlisted in the special Fifth Alexandria Hussar Regiment, whose soldiers took part in the most fierce battles near Dvinsk.
- Anna Akhmatova always criticized Gumilyov's poetry. This often led to the poet burning his works.
- For a long time, Gumilyov's works were not published. The poet was rehabilitated only in 1992.
- Two films were made about Gumilyov’s life documentaries– “Testament” (2011) and “New version. Gumilyov against dictatorship" (2009)
Brief Biography of Nikolai Gumilyov (2 version)
Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov can be called an Acmeist poet. His short life was full of interesting events, but ended tragically. He was born in 1886 in the city of Kronstadt, where his father worked as a doctor. Nikolai had an older brother, Dmitry, and the age difference between them was two years. The author's family is noble.
As a child, the poet was a sickly child, but this did not stop him from leading an active life and making friends with his peers. Some say that he wrote his very first quatrain at the age of six, and his first verses at twelve. He received his education in gymnasiums and graduated in 1906. We can say that he studied poorly and received only one “A” in the subject “logic” in his certificate. And once he was even expelled, but then kept for a second year.
While still in seventh grade, Nikolai met Anna Gorenko (Anna Akhmatova), who in the future would become his life partner.
After finishing his studies at the gymnasium, the poet went to France, where he studied the culture of the country. While living in Paris, Gumilev was engaged in publishing a magazine.
In addition to France, he visited Greece, Italy, Turkey and Egypt. And besides this, as part of the expedition he visited Africa, where he was 4 times during the entire period, he really liked it. It can be said that the poet was also a researcher, and upon his arrival from Africa he brought many interesting specimens to the museum. While in Egypt, Gumilev studied at the university at the Faculty of Law.
The first collection of poems was published in 1905, and this was a very important event in the author’s life. He dedicated a collection of poems to his wife, which was published in 1908 and was called “Romantic Flowers.”
The poet constantly improved his level and at the same time he became acquainted with the works of well-known authors at that time, drawing from them all the most necessary and interesting things. In 1909, the poet took part in a duel with his friend M. Voloshin, and both of them remain alive. The reason for the duel was Elizaveta Dmitrieva, a young poetess who liked Gumilyov, but preferred his friend M. Voloshin. This is precisely what caused the duel.
When the First World War began, Gumilyov volunteered to go to the front and for his bravery and courage was awarded two St. George Crosses, of which he was proud. His brother Dmitry also went to war with him and died in 1922.
From 1917 to 1918, Nikolai lived in Greece, and when he returned, he set to work. During this time he actively worked as a translator.
In 1921, on August 3, Nikolai Stepanovich was arrested for participation in a conspiracy and on August 24 he was sentenced to death. This is how the life of the poet, researcher and officer ended tragically. Numerous friends of Gumilyov tried to free him, but they failed. Gumilev was rehabilitated in 1992. However, it is still unknown where Gumilyov was buried after the execution.
In 1919, the poet married Anna Engelhard and in the same year their daughter Elena was born.
Gumilyov's last book was published in 1921. Critics say that this was the author's best work.
Gumilev had many famous works and collections. These include a collection of poems on a military theme “Quiver”, a collection of poems “Bonfire”, poems about his travels in Africa called “Tent”. They said about the last collection that it was a manual on geography, but only in poetry. And probably the most best work The collection can be called “pillar of fire”. The author most of all preferred to write about love and life, about death and art.
In 1921, on August 3, Nikolai Stepanovich was arrested for participation in a conspiracy and on August 24 he was sentenced to death. This is how the life of the poet, researcher and officer ended tragically. Numerous friends of Gumilyov tried to free him, but they failed. Gumilev was rehabilitated in 1992. However, it is still unknown where Gumilyov was buried after the execution.
Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov (1886-1921) was born in Kronstadt near St. Petersburg. His father was a Kronstadt ship's doctor. At the age of 8, Nikolai was sent to the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium, but due to health reasons he was transferred to home schooling. When Nikolai was 9 years old, the family moved to St. Petersburg. At the age of 10, Gumilyov entered the Gurevich gymnasium. When Gumilyov was in 4th grade, due to his brother’s illness, the family moved to the Caucasus, to Tiflis. Nikolai lost a year, having studied in the 4th grade twice.
Once again he stayed for a second year at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium (returned in 7th grade), from which he was almost expelled. The director, Innokenty Annensky, stood up for the young poet. Gumilyov graduated from high school only at the age of 20 and went to Paris, studied at the Sorbonne, where he published the literary magazine Sirius.
At the age of 26, in 1912, Gumilyov entered St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of History and Philology.
The beginning of creativity
According to Akhmatova, Gumilyov composed his first poem at the age of 6. The poem by high school student Gumilyov was published in the Tiflis Leaflet.
The first collection of poems, “The Path of the Conquistadors,” was published with the Gumilevs’ money when the poet was 19 years old. This collection attracted the attention of Bryusov, who became the mentor of the young poet.
The second collection, “Romantic Flowers,” was published by 22-year-old Gumilyov.
From 1908 to 1910 Gumilyov was a frequent guest at Vyacheslav Ivanov’s “Tower”, listened to lectures in Society of Artistic Word Devotees, headed the criticism department in the Apollo magazine (editor S. Makovsky), where he published “Letters on Russian Poetry.”
Gumilyov the traveler
While still studying at the Sorbonne, Gumilyov traveled around Italy and France. Gumilyov made his first trip to the East, to the Levant, in 1907.
Having received money for the second collection, the poet set off on a second journey. After traveling through Turkey and Greece, he ended up in Egypt, where he ran out of money. Gumilyov returned to St. Petersburg.
Gumilyov's next expeditions were organized to Africa. The result of these expeditions was the replenishment of the Kunstkamera with valuable exhibits.
In 1908, Gumilyov visited Abyssinia, made acquaintance with Negus Menelik 2 and explored the life of the people in the article “Did Menelik Die?”
The second trip to Abyssinia took place in 1913. Gumilev set himself the goal of studying and civilizing the wild tribes in the Danakil desert. The Academy of Sciences adjusted his route. Gumilyov with his companions (nephew Nikolai Sverchkov and the Turkish consul Mozar Bey, whom he met in Istanbul) did full of dangers path.
Lyubov Gumileva
At the age of 20, in Paris, Gumilyov met Elizaveta Dmitrieva, to whom he proposed in 1909. But she preferred Maximilian Voloshin, although she subsequently did not marry him. But because of her, Gumilyov and Voloshin fought in a duel, in which no one was hurt.
In 1910, Gumilyov married Akhmatova. In 1912, their son Lev was born. The couple were like-minded people. But gradually the relationship faded away. Divorce became possible in 1918 Soviet Russia.
In 1919, Gumilyov married Anna Engelhardt.
Mature creativity. Gumilyov-master
In 1910, Gumilyov’s third collection “Pearls” was published, which included the poem “Captains” and the previous collection “Romantic Flowers”. Some critics still called the new collection of the 26-year-old master a student's collection.
In 1911, the association “Workshop of Poets” was created (including Mandelstam, Gorodetsky, Akhmatova), in which Gumilev had the title of “syndic” (master). It was in the “Workshop of Poets” that a new direction was born - Acmeism, which, as opposed to symbolism, advocated for the accuracy and objectivity of images. Members of the association founded the publishing house and magazine "Hyperborea". The “workshop” existed until 1914.
In 1912, the collection “Alien Sky” was published, in which the first songs of the poem “The Discovery of America” were published.
The theme of the First World War is reflected in the collection “Quiver” (1916).
The collection “To the Blue Star” (poems 1918, published in 1923) is dedicated to Gumilyov’s love for Elena du Boucher, a Parisian woman whom he met in 1917.
In 1918, the collection “Bonfire” was published.
In Soviet Russia, Gumilyov took an active social and literary position. He gave lectures on poetic creativity, was a member and then chairman of the Petrograd department of the All-Russian Union of Poets, and participated in Gorky’s project “History of Culture in Pictures,” offering his poems and plays.
As the head of the Sounding Shell studio, Gumilyov taught the craft to young poets.
Gumilyov-military
In 1914, Gumilev volunteered for the front. During the years of the First World War, Gumilyov proved himself to be a brave intelligence officer and officer, and was awarded three Crosses of St. George. In between military service, Gumilyov studied literary activity, traveled around Europe.
Arrest and execution
Gumilyov did not hide his monarchist convictions in Soviet Russia. At the beginning of August 1921, he was arrested as a participant in the anti-Soviet Tagantsev conspiracy. On August 24, Gumilyov was sentenced to death, and on August 26, he was executed. The place of execution and burial is unknown. Gumilyov was rehabilitated in 1992, but it remains a mystery whether he participated in the conspiracy, simply knew about it, or there was no conspiracy at all.
Pedigree Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich, a Russian acmeist poet, had strong noble roots. His mother Anna Ivanovna Gumilyova (nee Lvova) at the age of twenty-three married the widower Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilyov, who had the profession of a military doctor. Their son Nikolai was born on the third of April (old style) 1886 in the city of Kronstadt, where his father worked in a hospital. Also in 1886, the family moved to Tsarskoe Selo. Nikolai Gumilyov spent his entire childhood there. Due to frequent moves, he had to study in different gymnasiums: St. Petersburg, Tiflis and Tsarskoye Selo. He read a lot, was interested in Nietzsche and the poetry of the Symbolists, and during his high school years he realized that he was a poet.
In 1905, the first collection of his poems, “The Path of the Conquistadors,” was published. The then famous symbolist poet Valery Bryusov drew attention to him. They maintained an active correspondence for many years. After graduating from high school, Nikolai Gumilyov went to Paris (1906), where he lived for two years. There he studied French literature, visited museums, and attended lectures at the Sorbonne University. Extreme material need led to the fact that sometimes he had to eat only chestnuts. But, nevertheless, there, in Paris, he was engaged in literary activities: he published the Sirius magazine, wrote stories and poetry. There, in Paris, in 1908, the poet published his second collection - “Romantic Flowers”.
During 1909, already in Russia, Nikolai Gumilyov’s literary position began to strengthen: he collaborated in the new magazine “Island”, began working in the magazine “Apollo”, participation in which continued until 1917. In 1910, Nikolai Stepanovich proposed to the young poetess Anna Andreevna Gorenko () and received consent. And since the Gumilev family was in mourning for Nikolai’s recently deceased father, the wedding was modest and quiet. Honeymoon the newlyweds traveled to Paris. In the same 1910, Gumilyov’s third collection, “Pearls,” was published. And in the fall he went on another trip to Africa. That year was so eventful.
It must be said that Gumilyov was an avid traveler, and especially loved Africa. He went there for the first time in 1908, but visited only Cairo and Alexandria. The second time he went to Africa was in the winter of 1909-1910. And here is the third trip - after the wedding with Akhmatova. This time he visited Djibouti, Dire Dawa, Harare, Addis Ababa, and was even introduced to the Abyssinian emperor. Gumilyov returned from there (1911) disappointed in his travels and sick with African fever. But, having recovered, he went traveling again, this time to Italy (1912).
In the fall of the same year, Gumilyov entered St. Petersburg University, the Romance-Germanic department, to study Old French poetry, and at the same time published the next collection of his poems, “Alien Sky.” In 1913, on instructions from the Academy of Sciences, he again went to Abyssinia to study the culture and collect a collection of household items of wild tribes. This business trip lasted for six months.
In 1914, when the war began, Gumilyov went to the front. And already at the end of this year he received the first St. George Cross for valuable reconnaissance, and the next year he was awarded the second St. George Cross for saving a machine gun from artillery fire during the retreat. The events experienced by Gumilyov during the war were reflected in his book “Notes of a Cavalryman”. In 1915, a new collection of Gumilyov’s poems, “Quiver,” was published. After treatment in the Crimea, he went to the front again (1916-1917), then, on the instructions of the commissar, he lived in Paris, and only in 1918 he returned to Russia.
The marriage with Anna Akhmatova was unsuccessful, and in the summer of 1918 they divorced, although they had little son Lev, who later became an ethnographer and also a passionate travel lover. After the divorce, Gumilyov almost immediately married Anna Nikolaevna Engelhardt, with whom he had a daughter, Elena. Since then, he lived almost continuously in St. Petersburg (then Petrograd), earned money by translating for the publishing house “World Literature”, taught in several literary studios, but his whole family still went hungry. Despite hunger and lack of money, Gumilyov at the end of his short life published several more poetry collections: “Mick”, “Porcelain Pavilion”, “Bonfire”, “Tent” and prepared for publication “Pillar of Fire”, which was published after the poet’s death in 1923 year.
Gumilyov's life ended suddenly and horribly. In 1921, he was arrested for participation in the Tagantsev conspiracy and was shot on August 25. And only many years later it became clear that his “guilt” was not participation, but only failure to report. Gumilyov's second wife and his daughter died of hunger in besieged Leningrad.
Similar articles
The best amulets against the evil eye and damage Amulet against the evil eye with hands for children
How to read the Psalter correctly
Delicious dishes with sausages
A glimpse of Bella. Romantic chronicle. A glimpse of genius. Messerer about Akhmadulina Boris Messerer glimpse of Bella romantic chronicle
I dreamed that I was sailing on a boat on the river
How to cook beef entrecote in a frying pan
About the company Foreign language courses at Moscow State University
Which city and why became the main one in Ancient Mesopotamia?
Why Bukhsoft Online is better than a regular accounting program!
Which year is a leap year and how to calculate it