Astronomy for children. Entertaining astronomy for children

Astronomy - I have always been most interested in listening, watching and reading about the structure of the Universe, about cosmic phenomena and their impact on our lives.

And so, when I decided to start studying with my son, we started with astronomy - something that is also interesting to me.

I had to prepare - because presenting such material to an adult and a child is radically different. We started the first lesson by watching part of a very serious film about the structure of the universe. Savva was interested, but I had to stop and explain almost every minute.

I realized that this was ineffective and also difficult for him. Although I liked the film itself. If you are interested for older people - at the end of the article.

The next discovery was interesting books about astronomy by Evfrem Levitan. Before this I had some difficulty in describing cosmic concepts— I had to choose simpler words all the time. And here concepts about the universe are presented in an artistic and fascinating form. The story is about children - Alka and Sveta, and their Dad, who is friends with the gnome Knopkin, the chief astronomer of the Kingdom of the Dwarves. They observe the Sun and Moon and learn to distinguish constellations. Comets, meteorites, satellites, nebulae, galaxies and even black holes... In general, interesting :)

Here are some books by Ephraim Levitan for kids:

Series “Astronomy for Smart Children”:
- Your Sunshine
- Luna is the granddaughter of the Sun
- Everyone in Sunny’s family “dances”
- Stars - Sunny sisters
- Long-haired stars
- Little planets
- Stones that fell from the sky
- Star pictures
- Your star city - Galaxy
- Hey, aliens
You can download this series

Current page: 1 (book has 4 pages in total) [available reading passage: 1 pages]

Olga Shibka

About the publication

Olga Shibka

Entertaining astronomy for children

FROM THE DEPTH OF CENTURIES

WHAT DOES ASTRONOMY STUDY?

Astronomy is the science that studies everything that is in the Universe. New information information about the Universe is obtained, among other things, during astronomical observations.

Astronomical observations are carried out in observatories. An observatory is a special place or structure where instruments are installed with which scientists study stars, planets and other cosmic bodies. The word "observatory" is translated from English as "observation". Astronomers work in observatories - these are scientists who study the Universe and its laws. The common part in the words “astronomy”, “astronomer” is “astro”, translated into Russian means star.

One of the most ancient observatories built by people is Stonehenge, located in England. The huge boulders of Stonehenge are stacked so that the movement of the Sun can be accurately observed on the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes.

The ancient inhabitants of Babylon, Egypt and Central America used pyramids as observatories. Their bases are oriented to the cardinal points. Astronomical observations in the ancient world were carried out in order to more accurately determine the time of the beginning of spring or winter. Based on astronomical observations, the priests compiled calendars. Ancient navigators were able to determine their location using astronomical observations.

In the Middle Ages, in all countries of the world, the observatory was considered a sign of education and wealth of the royal court. The most famous astronomers of the Middle Ages worked in the service of khans, dukes and kings.

Astronomers are watching celestial bodies using a special instrument called a telescope. This word comes from the Greek words for “far” and “I look.”

The telescope magnifies the image of a distant planet, as if bringing it closer to the astronomer’s eye. The first telescope was built by the Italian Galileo Galilei 400 years ago.

Astronomical observations are usually carried out at night. To carry them out, it is necessary that at a great distance around the observatory it is dark, for example, there are no lights big city. Then even very faint and distant celestial objects can be seen through the telescope.

Modern observatories are built high in the mountains, far from populated areas. Before building a new observatory, astronomers spend a long time observing the astroclimate - the so-called combination of weather and climatic conditions, suitable for the operation of the observatory. It is desirable that the selected area has as many clear nights as possible throughout the year.

Telescopes in observatories are located in special houses. Complex mechanisms controlled by computers make it possible to easily point even a large and heavy telescope to any point in the sky.

The best pictures starry sky obtained on those telescopes above which there is the thinnest layer of the Earth’s air shell - the atmosphere. Therefore, there is an observatory outside the atmosphere - these are automatic space stations. Such a telescope, of course, is no longer located in a house, but in a special spacecraft. Sometimes space observations are carried out by astronauts who work on the International Space Station.

1. Why can’t you build an observatory in the depths of a dark forest? (Tree branches will block the sky from the observer.)

2. What other words, besides the word telescope, do you know with the particle “tele-”? (telephone, TV, TV movie).

3. Draw a picture of a telescope house. Why can’t a lantern be lit above the entrance to this house? (The lantern with its light will interfere with astronomers’ observation of the stars, because the light of the stars is weaker than the light of the lantern.)

Guess the riddles:

There is a round house on a hill,
You can't see the light in it at night.
Behind a swarm of stars at midnight
A tireless eye watches.

(Observatory)

You can look at it without difficulty
Distant forest and cities,
Planets, stars, edge of heaven
And many other miracles.

(Telescope)

The stars are all against
The wise man knows...

(Astrologer)

HOW ASTRONOMY APPEARED

Nowadays, people are less and less likely to have the opportunity to take a closer look at firmament. There are fewer and fewer places on Earth where the bright light of night cities would not interfere with seeing the stars. And in ancient times, the heavenly bodies were the same part everyday life humans, like domestic animals, like forests and fields. After all, in those days the sky was a calendar, a compass, and a clock for people.

IN different countries and in different times people came to the same conclusion: in order to correctly plan, for example, the start of sowing or the start of hunting, you need to remember some signs that will help determine the right moment for this. Such signs most often included the phases of the moon and the appearance of bright stars in the sky. Gradually, knowledge about how to measure time began to accumulate, and the first calendars appeared. The word "calendar" comes from Latin word“calare” – shout out. Behind the movement of the luminaries in Ancient Rome, as in other countries ancient world, the priests watched. The chief priest had to loudly shout the news of the first day of each month.

IN Ancient Egypt People's lives depended on the floods of the Nile River. This river flooded the fields for several weeks, irrigating them and leaving silt on them, which fertilized the soil well. It was noticed a long time ago that the waters of the Nile begin to rise in the middle of summer, simultaneously with the appearance in the morning sky of the brightest star - Sirius from the constellation Canis Major. All work related to the cultivation of the fields stopped and “vacations” began - a time that later received its name from Latin name stars Sirius. The Romans called this star Canicula, which translates as “dog.”

This is how it happened that the need to predict the change of seasons and the onset of seasons led to the emergence of astronomical observations and the emergence of the science of astronomy.

Stargazer priests not only compiled the first calendars, but also looked for ways to measure time in periods shorter than a year. The beginning and end of the day were determined by sunrise and sunset. Although very soon it became clear that in summer and winter the day has different lengths. In winter, the Sun spends less time above the horizon and the day begins on December 21 or 22 winter solstice– the longest night of the year happens. In the summer, June 21 or 22, the night is shortest and daylight is longest, this is - summer solstice. Twice a year, on September 21 or 22 and March 21 or 22, day and night are the same length. Astronomers call these days the autumn and spring equinoxes. Many peoples in ancient times began counting the days of the new year from the day spring equinox. In Russia, the tradition of celebrating the New Year on the day of the vernal equinox was abolished by Tsar Peter I.

For a very long time the passage of time was measured by shifts lunar phases. Gradually, people figured out that the day can be divided into equal periods of time - hours. The simplest instruments for measuring time appeared.

When the first travelers set off across the desert, it turned out that it was much easier to find the final destination of the journey if there were reliable landmarks. The first navigators came to the same conclusion. These guidelines became bright stars. Ancient astronomers compiled the first star maps, giving names to stars and constellations, plotting them on celestial maps and describing their relative positions.

Gradually it became clear that astronomy can provide answers to many questions of everyday life and solve many mysteries of the universe, and can help a person determine his place in the Universe. The longer and more carefully a person peered into the starry distances, the more rapidly the development of human civilization took place.

Answer the questions and complete the tasks:

1. Remember the names of the months well: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December. These names came to us from Ancient Rome, people in different countries have been using them for more than two thousand years.

2. It has long been noticed that not all stars are equally visible in different weather. It turned out that through haze or faint fog the light of stars that have a yellowish or reddish color is best seen. Such stars were called navigation stars. In ancient times, sailors and travelers used them to navigate. Look closely at the traffic lights. Why do they use green, yellow and red colors? (Because these colors are more visible than others even in cloudy weather. But there are no green stars in Space)

3. Carefully observe the movement of the hands on the clock. All watches have hands moving in the same direction; this direction of movement is called “clockwise”. Draw a seven-flowered flower and color all the petals different colors: the first is red, the second, clockwise, is orange, the third is yellow, the fourth is green, the fifth is blue, the sixth is blue, the seventh is purple. Now name these colors in a different direction - counterclockwise.

Guess the riddles:

Seven brothers in succession
They're going home.
When the last one comes in,
So it’s the first turn.

(Days of the week)

He comes into the house on New Year's Day
And it brings the joy of the holiday.
He opens the calendar
And it's called...

(January)

Two arrows hang like mustaches
They are not at all for beauty,
And day and night they go,
And look, it’s right there again.

(Watch)

A FAIRY TALE IS A LIE, YES IN IT IS A HINT

Children love fairy tales. The magic and fantasy of authors and storytellers transform real events and characters in fairy-tale heroes who experience amazing and exciting adventures.

Fairy tales teach children how to behave in different situations and explain what is happening in the world around them. But there are other fairy tales; they preserve ancient ideas about the stars, the Sun and other celestial bodies. Such tales symbolically described the structure of the Universe to make it easier to remember the names and locations of the luminaries, and the patterns of their appearance in the sky. Indeed, in former times there were very few literate people who could read the entries made in books by astrologers and priests.

The ancient shepherds looked at the sky for a long time, at the movement of the Sun and stars, and they got the impression that all the celestial bodies were moving along the crystal dome of the sky, on which someone had fixed the luminaries. Now we know that this is not true.

The appearance of our world, divided into the earthly and celestial firmament, was explained by the ancient Slavs, for example, by the fact that the Mouse waved her tail and broke the golden egg that she laid Sky Bird- Chicken Ryaba. From one half of the egg the land and seas appeared, and from the second - the sky and the Sun.

Observers of antiquity understood that the Sun was the main celestial hero, that the life of everything on Earth depended on its heat and light. And it was the Sun who turned into a brave traveler who found himself in different stories, performed feats, communicated with other inhabitants of the upper, heavenly world.

When, with the onset of cold weather, the Sun appeared less and less in the sky, it seemed that it was dying. But in the spring the warmth came, the Sun rolled out into the sky again and gave people life, light and strength.

The peoples who inhabited our lands in ancient times came up with a fairy tale about Kolobok. After all, the change of seasons could be predicted by which constellation appeared in the sky after sunset, in other words, by the movement of the Sun through the zodiacal constellations that repeated from year to year. The Adventures of Kolobok is the story of how Grandfather and Baba baked a hot Kolobok-Sun and placed it on a window in the sky. And he, ruddy on his side, jumped onto the path and rolled along the heavenly path - the Milky Way.

On his journey, Kolobok the Sun meets different forest inhabitants: the Hare, the Bear, the Wolf and the Fox. These are the names of the constellations that were invented in ancient times by the inhabitants who inhabited our lands. After all, there are neither Sagittarius, nor Capricorn, nor Scorpio in our latitudes. But hares, wolves and foxes were found in abundance.

Kolobok the Sun has reached the autumn constellation Fox. It had already cooled down by this time and Lisa was able to put Kolobok on her nose.

The Fox ate Kolobok-Sunny, and the cold set in, winter came.

Grandfather and Baba missed the warmth, so they baked new Kolobok and the hot, ruddy spring Sun rolled into the sky.

And the fairy tale “Rukavichka”, which you know, describes a series of years, and each year is dedicated to some animal: the Frog-Frog, the Runaway Bunny, the Little Mouse and others. This is very reminiscent eastern legend about the animals that Buddha called to him. Later he gave each of the twelve animals a different year. And now we know about the year of the Cat, the year of the Horse, the year of the Dragon and some others.

Many peoples composed and told their own fairy tales and legends about the sky and the stars. Thus, from grandfather to grandson, from grandmother to grandchildren, stories about the surrounding earthly world and the world of heavenly bodies were passed on in front of the fireplace on long evenings in very distant antiquity.

Answer the questions and complete the tasks:

1. Draw a meeting between Kolobok-Sunny and the characters from the fairy tale. What other animals do you think Kolobok could have met? Draw them.

2. The Greek names of most constellations: Aquarius, Capricorn, Gemini and many others are associated with myths and legends Ancient Greece. Ask your mom to read these legends to you.

3. The sun, moon and planets moving across the sky northern hemisphere Earths can never be in any constellation Ursa Major, nor in the constellation Cassiopeia. From year to year, the movement of these luminaries occurs along the same constellations - the Zodiac belt. There are only thirteen zodiac constellations: Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Capricorn, Aquarius. Learn these names well.

They are often confused with the “zodiac signs” invented by astrologers to create horoscopes. There are 12 signs, unlike constellations. Nothing other than the names of the zodiac constellations and zodiac signs not connected.

Guess the riddles:

You close the window in front of him,
But you still can’t stop it.

(Daylight)

From a magic basket
They poured in plenty of peas.
And when it began to dawn -
There is nothing to collect.

(Stars)

Stretched above the ground
Miracle dome blue,
By night the dome had darkened,
And the next morning he turned red.

(Sky)

WHAT ASTRONOMERS ARE DOING NOW

Over thousands of years, astronomical science has accumulated a lot of knowledge about the world of galaxies, stars and planets around us. Modern astronomers use this knowledge as steps.

The further into the depths of the Universe astronomers look with the help of telescopes, the more questions they have. Astronomical observations allow us to more accurately understand the structure of the cosmos and man’s place in it. Indeed, without such knowledge, we, the inhabitants of the celestial body - planet Earth, will not be able to accurately predict even the most immediate events in near-Earth space.

Meteor watchers keep a watchful eye on the expanses solar system, in order to warn earthlings in time about the possible approach of a huge asteroid or meteorite.

Astronomers studying the Sun continuously conduct observations in order to predict flares and explosions on the surface of our daylight in time. After the explosion, solar matter with enormous energy is ejected into the near-solar space. This can be compared to the flow electric current incredible power, only without wires, and our planet and the living beings inhabiting it may be in the path of this current. And then the health of many, many inhabitants of the Earth will suffer. A person can experience a heart attack or a severe headache, his blood pressure can jump, he can lose consciousness - all this is the human body’s reaction to sudden solar flares and magnetic storms. Electronic devices can also react unpredictably to a strong ejection of matter from the surface of the Sun, and then serious accidents with planes, trains and ships can occur. Because their work and movement are controlled by electronic computers. In 1989, due to strong solar flares And magnetic storms Canada and part of the United States were left completely without electricity for several hours. People's houses, hospitals, railway, airplanes, shops - everyone found themselves in the dark and without communication with each other.

Astrophysicists are carefully studying the streams of particles coming to us far from beyond the solar system. This cosmic radiation changes depending on the place our Earth occupies in the Galaxy, rotating with the Sun around its center, it can even affect the climate on our planet.

The branch of astronomy called celestial mechanics studies the movement of celestial bodies. Celestial mechanics carefully observe, for example, the movement of satellites and the Moon around the Earth and have found that every year the Moon moves away from the Earth by 3 centimeters. And this can affect the change ocean currents and tides, because it is the Moon - main reason the appearance of high and low tides twice a day on the coasts of the earth's seas and oceans. Every day the ground under your feet rises twice by almost half a meter. This is a manifestation of tides on land. And on the coast of some seas, the tidal wave can rise up to 18 meters - the size of a three-story house!

Astrometry is another branch of astronomy that accurately keeps track of time and the calendar.

Cosmonautics deals not only with the launch, flight and landing of astronauts. Many useful things in our lives appeared thanks to her: mobile phones, disposable diapers, GPS navigation, Velcro jackets, digital cameras, accurate maps surface of the Earth and much more.

The study and exploration of space, which humanity is actively involved in, is impossible without the development of astronomy, without the construction of new observatories and the creation of new astronomical instruments. But all this will be useless without the emergence of new, passionate young astronomers and amateur astronomers, who every evening look with interest at the starry sky above their heads.

Answer the questions and complete the tasks:

1. Some telescopes at observatories were specially built to search for new planets near distant stars. Think about why all the planets found so far are located in our Galaxy? (Because planets in other galaxies are so far away from us that modern telescopes are not powerful enough to see them.)

2. In order to carefully study the surface of other planets, astronomers photograph them and then examine the resulting images. There are already so many such photographs that astronomers do not have time to study them carefully. Thousands of images of Mars and the Moon are posted online to help astronomy enthusiasts explore them. Ask your parents to find such photographs on the Internet. Maybe you too will be able to make your own astronomical discovery!

3. Several observatories in different countries are busy searching for aliens. They hope to hear their message on the radio. If you were given a microphone whose signal could reach the stars, what would you want to shout or sing?

Guess the riddles:

They rolled out the carpet -
The house and yard were covered.
Magic lights shimmer on the carpet.
What is that carpet called?

(Starry sky)

Not afraid of the dark
They are at your ease with the darkness.
The darker the space around,
The sharper their gaze.

(Astronomers)

(Planetarium)

ON GROUND AND ABOVE GROUND

SATELLITES

Small cosmic bodies - satellites - revolve around the Earth and around the other planets of the solar system. These satellites formed at the same time as the planets.

The planets' satellites are called natural satellites. Without a telescope, only the Earth’s satellite, the Moon, can be seen in the sky. With the naked eye, through a telescope, four satellites of Jupiter were discovered. This discovery was made 400 years ago by Galileo Galilei. In clear weather, the Galilean satellites of Jupiter can be seen with small binoculars.

Among the planets of the solar system, Jupiter has the most satellites. Mercury and Venus have no satellites. In total, scientists have now counted almost 170 natural satellites in the Solar System.

Human-made spacecraft fly around some planets. They are called artificial satellites. More than 50 years have passed since the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into the USSR from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The Russian word “Sputnik” began to be used to refer to small spacecraft in all languages of the Earth. The first satellite was the size of a large inflatable beach ball and could only transmit a "Beep, beep, beep..." radio signal to Earth. Now artificial earth satellites help study the weather, monitor fires; television and mobile communications and GPS navigation work through satellites. The artificial satellite is clearly visible among the stars. The bright dot of the satellite flies, without blinking, across the entire sky. A flying plane can be easily distinguished from a satellite by the fact that it has two flashing lights - green and red.

Answer the questions and complete the tasks:

1. Look at the picture of an artificial Earth satellite. What are these “wings” on the sides? (The satellite does not need wings because it flies where there is no air and wings are useless. In fact, these are solar panels).

2. After the satellite exhausts its energy reserve and its instruments no longer have enough energy to operate, it is turned off by a team from Earth. Draw a sad abandoned satellite with “lowered ears” - solar panels.

3. Try to find a rapidly moving satellite point among the stars. Follow its movement until the moment when the satellite is no longer visible. What happened to him, do you think? (The satellite flew into the shadow of the Earth and the Sun stopped illuminating it. The satellite itself does not glow.)

Guess the riddles:

A star is flying in the sky,
It burns and shimmers.
Man created it -
..... called.

(Satellite)

A ranger has been sent to the sky,
The sun is burning on the sides.

(Satellite)

Agile, obedient and hard-working,
It is artificial and real.

(Satellite)

Attention! This is an introductory fragment of the book.

If you liked the beginning of the book, then full version can be purchased from our partner - distributor of legal content, LLC liters.

About the publication

Olga Shibka

FROM THE DEPTH OF CENTURIES

WHAT DOES ASTRONOMY STUDY?

Astronomy is the science that studies everything that is in the Universe. New information about the Universe is obtained, among other things, during astronomical observations.

Astronomers observe celestial bodies using a special instrument called a telescope. This word comes from the Greek words for “far” and “I look.”

The telescope magnifies the image of a distant planet, as if bringing it closer to the astronomer’s eye. The first telescope was built by the Italian Galileo Galilei 400 years ago.

Astronomical observations are usually carried out at night. To carry them out, it is necessary that at a great distance around the observatory it is dark, for example, there are no city lights. Then even very faint and distant celestial objects can be seen through the telescope.

Modern observatories are built high in the mountains, far from populated areas. Before building a new observatory, astronomers spend a long time observing the astroclimate - this is the name for the combination of weather and climatic conditions suitable for the operation of the observatory. It is desirable that the selected area has as many clear nights as possible throughout the year.

Telescopes in observatories are located in special houses. Complex mechanisms controlled by computers make it possible to easily point even a large and heavy telescope to any point in the sky.

The best photographs of the starry sky are obtained on those telescopes above which there is the thinnest layer of the Earth’s air envelope - the atmosphere. Therefore, there is an observatory outside the atmosphere - these are automatic space stations. Such a telescope, of course, is no longer located in a house, but in a special spacecraft. Sometimes space observations are carried out by astronauts who work on the International Space Station.

1. Why can’t you build an observatory in the depths of a dark forest? (Tree branches will block the sky from the observer.)

2. What other words, besides the word telescope, do you know with the particle “tele-”? (telephone, TV, TV movie).

Guess the riddles:

There is a round house on a hill,
You can't see the light in it at night.
Behind a swarm of stars at midnight
A tireless eye watches.

(Observatory)

You can look at it without difficulty
Distant forest and cities,
Planets, stars, edge of heaven
And many other miracles.

(Telescope)

The stars are all against
The wise man knows...

(Astrologer)

HOW ASTRONOMY APPEARED

Nowadays, people are increasingly less likely to have the opportunity to take a close look at the vault of heaven. There are fewer and fewer places on Earth where the bright light of night cities would not interfere with seeing the stars. And in ancient times, the heavenly bodies were as much a part of human daily life as domestic animals, forests and fields. After all, in those days the sky was a calendar, a compass, and a clock for people.

In different countries and at different times, people came to the same conclusion: in order to correctly plan, for example, the start of sowing or the start of hunting, you need to remember some signs that will help determine the right moment for this. Such signs most often included the phases of the moon and the appearance of bright stars in the sky. Gradually, knowledge about how to measure time began to accumulate, and the first calendars appeared. The word "calendar" comes from the Latin word "calare" - to cry out. The movement of the luminaries in Ancient Rome, as in other countries of the ancient world, was monitored by priests. The chief priest had to loudly shout the news of the first day of each month.

In ancient Egypt, people's lives depended on the floods of the Nile River. This river flooded the fields for several weeks, irrigating them and leaving silt on them, which fertilized the soil well. It was noticed a long time ago that the waters of the Nile begin to rise in the middle of summer, simultaneously with the appearance of the brightest star in the morning sky - Sirius from the constellation Canis Major. All work related to the cultivation of the fields stopped and “vacations” began - a time that later received its name from the Latin name of the star Sirius. The Romans called this star Canicula, which translates as “dog.”

This is how it happened that the need to predict the change of seasons and the onset of seasons led to the emergence of astronomical observations and the emergence of the science of astronomy.

Stargazer priests not only compiled the first calendars, but also looked for ways to measure time in periods shorter than a year. The beginning and end of the day were determined by sunrise and sunset. Although very soon it became clear that in summer and winter the day has different lengths. In winter, the Sun spends less time above the horizon, and on December 21 or 22 the winter solstice arrives - the longest night of the year. In the summer, June 21 or 22, the night is shortest and daylight is longest, this is the summer solstice. Twice a year, on September 21 or 22 and March 21 or 22, day and night are the same length. Astronomers call these days the autumn and spring equinoxes. Many peoples in ancient times began counting the days of the new year from the day of the spring equinox. In Russia, the tradition of celebrating the New Year on the day of the vernal equinox was abolished by Tsar Peter I.

For a very long time, the passage of time was measured by the changing phases of the moon. Gradually, people figured out that the day can be divided into equal periods of time - hours. The simplest instruments for measuring time appeared.

When the first travelers set off across the desert, it turned out that it was much easier to find the final destination of the journey if there were reliable landmarks. The first navigators came to the same conclusion. Bright stars became such landmarks. Ancient astronomers compiled the first star maps, giving names to stars and constellations, plotting them on celestial maps and describing their relative positions.

Answer the questions and complete the tasks:

1. Remember the names of the months well: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December. These names came to us from Ancient Rome; people in different countries have been using them for more than two thousand years.

3. Carefully observe the movement of the hands on the clock. All watches have hands moving in the same direction; this direction of movement is called “clockwise”. Draw a seven-flowered flower and decorate all the petals in different colors: the first is red, the second, clockwise, is orange, the third is yellow, the fourth is green, the fifth is blue, the sixth is blue, the seventh is purple. Now name these colors in a different direction - counterclockwise.

Guess the riddles:

Seven brothers in succession
They're going home.
When the last one comes in,
So it’s the first turn.

(Days of the week)

He comes into the house on New Year's Day
And it brings the joy of the holiday.
He opens the calendar
And it's called...

(January)

Two arrows hang like mustaches
They are not at all for beauty,
And day and night they go,
And look, it’s right there again.

(Watch)

A FAIRY TALE IS A LIE, YES IN IT IS A HINT

Children love fairy tales. The magic and imagination of authors and storytellers transform real events and characters into fairy-tale heroes who experience amazing and exciting adventures.

The ancient Slavs, for example, explained the appearance of our world, divided into the earthly and celestial firmament, by saying that the Mouse waved its tail and broke the golden egg, which was laid by the Heavenly Bird - the Ryaba Hen. From one half of the egg the land and seas appeared, and from the second - the sky and the Sun.

Observers of antiquity understood that the Sun was the main celestial hero, that the life of everything on Earth depended on its heat and light. And it was the Sun who turned into a brave traveler who found himself in different stories, performed feats, and communicated with other inhabitants of the upper, heavenly world.

Kolobok the Sun has reached the autumn constellation Fox. It had already cooled down by this time and Lisa was able to put Kolobok on her nose.

The Fox ate Kolobok-Sunny, and the cold set in, winter came.

Grandfather and Baba missed the warmth, baked a new Kolobok and a hot, ruddy spring Sun rolled into the sky.

And the fairy tale “Rukavichka”, which you know, describes a series of years, and each year is dedicated to some animal: the Frog-Frog, the Runaway Bunny, the Little Mouse and others. This is very reminiscent of the Eastern legend about the animals that Buddha called to him. Later he gave each of the twelve animals a different year. And now we know about the year of the Cat, the year of the Horse, the year of the Dragon and some others.

Answer the questions and complete the tasks:

1. Draw a meeting between Kolobok-Sunny and the characters from the fairy tale. What other animals do you think Kolobok could have met? Draw them.

2. The Greek names of most constellations: Aquarius, Capricorn, Gemini and many others are associated with the myths and legends of Ancient Greece. Ask your mom to read these legends to you.

3. The Sun, Moon and planets, moving across the sky of the Earth’s northern hemisphere, can never end up in either the constellation Ursa Major or the constellation Cassiopeia. From year to year, the movement of these luminaries occurs along the same constellations - the Zodiac belt. There are only thirteen zodiac constellations: Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Capricorn, Aquarius. Learn these names well.

They are often confused with the “zodiac signs” invented by astrologers to create horoscopes. There are 12 signs, unlike constellations. The zodiac constellations and zodiac signs are not connected by anything other than names.