FSB firearms. Weapons for the elite: what the FSB special forces and the Belarusian Alpha choose

the federal law
On amendments to certain legislative acts Russian Federation
dated December 30, 2015 No. 468-FZ

Adopted by the State Duma
December 22, 2015

Article 1

Introduce into the Law of the Russian Federation of April 1, 1993 No. 4730-1 “On the State Border of the Russian Federation” (Gazette of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1993, No. 17, Art. 594; Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1994, No. 16, Art. 1861; 2003, Art. 2705, Art. 763; 901; 2014, No. 52, Art. 7557) the following changes:
1) in article 35:
a) part six, after the words “armed attack on their part,” is added with the words “committing a terrorist act by them”;
b) in part eight, the words “other bodies of the federal security service, as well as military personnel” should be deleted;
2) in Article 36 the words “Federal Law “On the Police”” should be replaced with the words “Federal Law “On the Federal Security Service”.

Article 2

Introduce into the Federal Law of April 3, 1995 No. 40-FZ “On the Federal Security Service” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1995, No. 15, Art. 1269; 2000, No. 1, Art. 9; No. 46, Art. 4537; 2002, No. 1794; 2003, No. 156; 2004, No. 3607; 2006, art. 1779; 2007, art. 3348; No. 31, Art. 4297; No. 29, Art. 4589; 2324; No. 3477; No. 6165; 2014, No. 2335; the following changes:
1) part three of article 7.1 should be stated as follows:
“Unlicensed federal security service agencies develop, create, acquire and use weapons and equipment, including special technical and other means, acquire and use military equipment, military hand-held small arms and edged weapons adopted by the federal security service in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other service and civilian weapons (hereinafter referred to as weapons) and ammunition for them.”;
2) in the first part of Article 13:
a) paragraph “y” should be stated as follows:
“y) use military equipment, weapons, special means adopted by the federal security service bodies, physical force, and also allow military personnel of the federal security service bodies to store and carry service weapons and special means;”;
b) add paragraph “i.1” with the following content:
“i.1) carry out the actions provided for in paragraph “i” of this part, and receive, take into account, store, classify, use, issue and destroy biometric personal data about the features of the building papillary patterns fingers and (or) palms of a person’s hands, allowing to establish his identity, as part of border control in relation to persons crossing the State Border of the Russian Federation, if such persons have signs indicating the possibility of their inclination to terrorist activity, recruitment or involvement in any other way V terrorist activities. The list of specified characteristics and the procedure for obtaining, recording, storing, classifying, using, issuing and destroying the specified biometric personal data, obtaining biological material and the implementation of processing of genomic information within the framework of border control are determined by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security.”;
3) Article 14 shall be stated in the following edition:

« Article 14. The right to use military equipment, weapons, special means and physical force

Military personnel of the federal security service have the right to use military equipment, weapons, special means and physical force personally or as part of a unit (group), and commanders (chiefs) have the right to give orders for their use in cases and in the manner provided for by this Federal Law and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for the use of military equipment by military personnel of the federal security service is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
In a state of necessary defense, in case of emergency or when detaining a person who has committed a crime, a serviceman of the federal security service, if he does not have the necessary special means or firearms, has the right to use any available means, as well as on the grounds and in the manner established by this Federal Law. by law, to use other weapons that are not in service with the federal security service.
Military personnel of the federal security service agencies participating in the protection of the State Border of the Russian Federation within the border territory use military equipment, weapons, special means and physical force in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of April 1, 1993 No. 4730-1 “On the State Border of the Russian Federation "
Military personnel of the federal security service are not responsible for harm caused to individuals and organizations during the use of military equipment, weapons, special means and physical force, if the use of military equipment, weapons, special means and physical force was carried out on the grounds and in the manner established by this Federal law and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. Compensation for such damage is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation at the expense of the federal budget in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.”;

4) add article 14.1 the following content:

« Article 14.1. Penetration into residential and other premises, land and territories

The federal security service protects everyone's right to the inviolability of their home.
Military personnel of the federal security service have no right to enter residential premises against the will of the citizens living in them except in cases and in the manner established by federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law and other federal laws.
Penetration of military personnel of the federal security service into residential premises, other premises and land plots belonging to citizens, premises, land plots and territories occupied by organizations (except for premises, land plots and territories of diplomatic missions and consular offices of foreign states, representative offices international organizations), is permitted in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as:
a) to save the lives of citizens and (or) their property, ensure the safety of citizens or public safety during mass riots and emergency situations;
b) to detain persons suspected or accused of committing a crime;
c) to suppress a crime;
d) to establish the circumstances of the accident;
e) to detain persons caught in the act of committing an act containing signs of a crime, and (or) fleeing from the place where they committed such an act.
When entering residential premises, other premises and land plots belonging to citizens, premises, land plots and territories occupied by organizations, in the cases provided for in part three of this article, military personnel of the federal security service have the right, if necessary, to break into (destruction ) locking devices, elements and structures that prevent entry into the specified premises and onto the specified land plots and territories, and inspection of the objects located there and Vehicle.
Military personnel of the federal security service who enter residential premises are obliged to:
a) before entering a residential premises, notify the citizens there of the reasons for entry, except in cases where delay creates an immediate threat to the life and health of citizens and employees of the federal security service or may entail other grave consequences;
b) when entering a residential premises, against the will of the citizens there, use safe methods and means, respect the honor, dignity, life and health of citizens, and prevent unnecessary damage to their property;
c) not to disclose facts that have become known to them in connection with the penetration into the residential premises privacy citizens there;
d) inform your immediate superior and submit a report within 24 hours about the fact of penetration into the residential premises.
About each case of penetration of military personnel of the federal security service into a residential or other premises in a possible short term, but no later than 24 hours from the moment of penetration, the owner of this premises and (or) citizens living there are informed in the manner established by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security, if such penetration was carried out in their absence, with the exception of cases provided for by federal laws.
About each case of penetration of military personnel of the federal security service onto a land plot under the circumstances specified in part four of this article, as soon as possible, but no later than 24 hours from the moment of penetration, is informed in the manner established by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security, the owner of the land plot or his legal representative, if such entry was carried out in his absence, except for cases provided for by federal laws.
The prosecutor or court (judge) is notified in writing within 24 hours of each case of penetration of federal security service personnel into residential premises against the will of the citizens there, in cases provided for by federal law.
Federal security service agencies take measures to prevent unauthorized persons from accessing residential premises, other premises and land plots belonging to citizens, premises, land plots and territories occupied by organizations, and to protect the property located there, if the entry was accompanied by actions provided for in part four of this article.”;

5) add article 14.2 the following content:

« Article 14.2. The procedure for using weapons, special means and physical force

Before using weapons, special means and physical force, military personnel of the federal security service are obliged to warn persons against whom weapons, special means and physical force are expected to be used that they are employees of the federal security service about their intention, providing them with this is the opportunity and time to fulfill the legal requirements of military personnel of the federal security service. In the case of the use of weapons, special means and physical force as part of a unit (group), the specified warning is given by one of the servicemen of the federal security service agencies included in the unit (group).
Military personnel of the federal security service have the right not to warn of their intention to use weapons, special means and physical force if delay in their use creates an immediate threat to the life and health of citizens, employees of the federal security service or may entail other grave consequences, as well as when repelling attacks on facilities, special cargo and vehicles of the federal security service.
When using weapons, special means and physical force, military personnel of the federal security service act taking into account the current situation, the nature and degree of danger of the actions of persons against whom weapons, special means and physical force are used, the nature and strength of the resistance they offer. At the same time, military personnel of the federal security service are obliged to strive to minimize any damage.
Military personnel of the federal security service are obliged to provide first aid to persons who have received bodily injuries as a result of the use of weapons, special means or physical force, and also take measures to provide them with medical care as soon as possible.
The prosecutor is notified of each case of injury to a citizen or death as a result of the use of weapons, special means or physical force by military personnel of the federal security service as soon as possible, but no later than 24 hours.
About each case of the use of weapons, as well as each case of the use of physical force or special means, as a result of which harm is caused to the health of a citizen or material damage is caused to a citizen or organization, military personnel of the federal security service are required to report to their immediate superior or the head of the nearest body of the federal security service ( divisions of the federal security service) no later than 24 hours from the moment the real opportunity arises to submit the corresponding report.
As part of a unit (group), military personnel of the federal security service use weapons, special means and physical force in accordance with this Federal Law, guided by the orders and instructions of the head of this unit (senior group).”;

6) add article 14.3 the following content:

« Article 14.3. Use of weapons

Military personnel of the federal security service have the right to use weapons personally or as part of a unit (group) in the following cases:
a) to protect another person or oneself from an attack, if this attack involves violence dangerous to life or health;
b) to suppress attempts to seize weapons, special cargo, vehicles, and military equipment of the federal security service;
c) to free hostages, suppress terrorist and other criminal attacks;
d) to detain a person caught committing an act containing signs of a grave or especially grave crime against life, health, property, state power, public safety and public order, trying to escape if it is not possible to detain this person by other means;
e) to detain a person offering armed resistance, as well as a person refusing to comply with a legal requirement to surrender weapons, ammunition, explosives, explosive devices, toxic or radioactive substances in his possession;
f) to repel a group or armed attack on facilities of the federal security service, buildings, premises, structures and other facilities of state and municipal bodies;
g) to suppress the escape from places of forced detention of suspects and accused of committing crimes, as well as to suppress attempts to forcibly release these persons.
Armed resistance and armed attack, specified in paragraphs “d” and “f” of the first part of this article, are recognized as resistance and attack committed with the use of weapons of any kind, or objects that are structurally similar to real weapons and outwardly indistinguishable from them, or objects, substances and mechanisms through which serious harm to health or death can be caused.
Military personnel of the federal security service also have the right to use weapons:
a) to stop a vehicle by damaging it, if the person driving it refuses to comply with repeated demands from military personnel of the federal security service to stop and tries to escape, creating a threat to the life and health of citizens, except for cases provided for by federal laws;
b) to neutralize an animal that threatens the life and health of citizens and (or) employees of the federal security service;
c) to destroy locking devices, elements and structures that prevent entry into residential and other premises on the grounds provided for in Article 14.1 of this Federal Law;
d) to fire a warning shot, sound an alarm or call for help by firing a shot upward or in another safe direction.
It is prohibited to use weapons with a lethal shot against women, persons with clear signs disabilities, minors, when their age is obvious or known to a serviceman of the federal security service, with the exception of cases of armed resistance by these persons, the commission of an armed or group attack that threatens the life and health of citizens or employees of the federal security service, or a terrorist act.
A serviceman of the federal security service does not have the right to use firearms in large crowds of people if, as a result of its use, random persons may be injured, with the exception of cases of the use of firearms in order to prevent (suppress) a terrorist act, free hostages, or repel a group armed attack on a critical important and potentially dangerous objects or objects, buildings, premises, structures of government bodies.”;

7) add article 14.4 the following content:

“Article 14.4. Guarantees of personal safety of armed military personnel of the federal security service

Military personnel of the federal security service have the right to draw their weapons and bring them to readiness if, in the current situation, grounds for their use may arise, provided for in Article 14.3 of this Federal Law.
If a person detained by a serviceman of the federal security service with a drawn weapon attempts to approach the serviceman of the federal security service, reducing the distance indicated by him, or to touch his weapon, the serviceman of the federal security service has the right to use a weapon in accordance with paragraphs "a" and “b” of part one of Article 14.3 of this Federal Law.”;

8) add article 14.5 the following content:

« Article 14.5. Use of special means

Military personnel of the federal security service have the right, personally or as part of a unit (group), to use special means in the following cases:
a) to repel attacks on citizens, employees of the federal security service, facilities, special cargo and vehicles of the federal security service;
b) to suppress a crime or administrative offense;
c) to suppress resistance provided to a serviceman of the federal security service;
d) to detain a person caught committing a crime and trying to escape;
e) to detain a person if this person can offer armed resistance or prevent a military member of the federal security service from performing his official duties;
f) to deliver persons who have committed crimes or administrative offenses to the office premises of the federal security service, other government bodies, to escort and protect detainees, as well as to stop an escape attempt, if a person resists a serviceman of the federal security service or causes harm to others or to yourself;
g) to release forcibly detained persons, seized buildings, premises, structures, vehicles, land plots;
h) to suppress riots and block the movement of groups of people committing illegal actions;
i) to protect the facilities of the federal security service and suppress the actions of groups of persons violating their activities;
j) for the neutralization and destruction of explosive devices, explosive objects (objects) and other similar devices and objects, as well as dummies of such devices and objects.
Military personnel of the federal security service have the right to use special means in all cases where the use of weapons is permitted by this Federal Law.
Military personnel of the federal security service are prohibited from using special means against women with visible signs of pregnancy, persons with obvious signs of disability and minors, except in cases of armed resistance, a group or other attack that threatens the life and health of citizens or employees of federal service agencies. security.
Other restrictions related to the use of special means by military personnel of the federal security service may be established by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security.
Derogation from the prohibitions and restrictions established by part three of this article is allowed if special means are used on the grounds provided for in paragraphs “a” - “g” of part one of article 14.3 of this Federal Law.”;

9) add article 14.6 the following content:

« Article 14.6. Use of physical force

Military personnel of the federal security service have the right, personally or as part of a unit (group), to use physical force, including fighting techniques struggle, in the following cases:
a) to suppress a crime or administrative offense;
b) for the detention and delivery to the office premises of the federal security service and other government bodies of persons who have committed crimes or administrative offenses;
c) to overcome opposition to the legitimate demands of military personnel of the federal security service.
Military personnel of the federal security service have the right to use physical force in all cases when this Federal Law and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation permit the use of special means or weapons.”;

10) in article 16:
a) part three should be supplemented with paragraph “g” the following content:
"g) using them narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances without a doctor’s prescription.”;
b) part five should be stated as follows:
“Military personnel and civilian personnel of the federal security service agencies who have ownership of property registered outside the Russian Federation are obliged, within the period determined by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security, to take measures to alienate it. If it is impossible to take such measures in connection with the arrest, prohibition of orders imposed by the competent authorities of a foreign state in accordance with the legislation of the foreign state on whose territory the property is located, or due to other circumstances not dependent on the will of these persons, such measures should be accepted within one year from the day on which their acceptance became possible. Each case of failure to comply with such requirements is subject to consideration in the prescribed manner at a meeting of the certification commission.”;
11) in article 16.1:
a) add new parts six and seven the following content:
"Standard job regulations for military positions approved by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security.
Personal files are drawn up for military personnel and civilian personnel of the federal security service. The procedure for maintaining and storing personal files of military personnel and civilian personnel of the federal security service is determined by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security and should not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.”;
b) parts six - eight are considered parts eight - ten, respectively;
12) in article 16.2:
a) part six should be stated in the following edition:
“Military personnel and civilian personnel of the federal security service are allowed to establish contacts with persons in respect of whom it is known that they are foreign citizens, to contact foreign funds mass media, foreign, international organizations, as well as non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent, in the manner and on the terms determined by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security.”;
b) add parts seven to nine as follows:
“Employees of the federal security service, their spouses and minor children are prohibited from opening and having accounts (deposits), storing cash and valuables in foreign banks located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, owning and (or) using foreign financial instruments, if this is not determined by the solution of operational and official tasks.
Military personnel and civilian personnel of the federal security service may post their personal data in in social networks, blogs (microblogs) and other online communities on the Internet information and telecommunications network in the manner determined by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security.
In order to ensure the own safety of the federal security service bodies, the head of the federal executive body in the field of security may determine the types of transport and travel routes for military personnel and civilian personnel of the federal security service bodies from one part of the territory of the Russian Federation to another part of it in cases where such travel is by land transport is possible in transit through the territory of a foreign state, as well as establish the amount and procedure for compensating military personnel and civilian personnel of the federal security service for additional expenses associated with such travel.”;
13) add Article 16.3 with the following content:

« Article 16.3. Service ID

The service ID of an employee of the federal security service is a document confirming the identity, position, rights and powers granted to the employee of the federal security service by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as the right to store and carry service weapons and special means.
Samples of service IDs, the procedure for issuing service IDs and the categories of employees of the federal security service agencies to whom the service ID is issued are determined by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security.
When employees of the federal security service bodies perform their official duties, they may be issued badges (badges) that allow them to be identified, in cases and in the manner determined by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security."

Article 3

Article 17 of the Federal Law of January 10, 1996 No. 5-FZ “On Foreign Intelligence” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1996, No. 3, Art. 143; 2000, No. 46, Art. 4537; 2004, No. 35, Art. 3607 ; 2007, No. 8, Art. 934; 2014, No. 26, Art. 3365) add parts thirteen - fifteen the following content:
“Military personnel, state civil servants and employees of foreign intelligence agencies of the Russian Federation are allowed to establish contacts with persons in respect of whom it is known that they are foreign citizens, contact foreign media, foreign, international organizations, non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent , as well as post your personal data on social networks, blogs (microblogs) and other network communities of the information and telecommunications network "Internet" in the manner and on the terms determined by the head of the foreign intelligence agency of the Russian Federation or the head of the federal executive body under whose jurisdiction The foreign intelligence agency of the Russian Federation is located.
Military personnel and civil servants of the foreign intelligence agencies of the Russian Federation, their spouses and minor children are prohibited from opening and having accounts (deposits), storing cash and valuables in foreign banks located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, owning and (or) using foreign financial tools, unless this is due to the solution of intelligence tasks.
Military personnel, state civil servants and employees of foreign intelligence agencies of the Russian Federation who have ownership of property registered outside the Russian Federation are obliged, within the period determined by the head of the foreign intelligence agency of the Russian Federation or the head of the federal executive body under whose jurisdiction the foreign intelligence agency of the Russian Federation is located. Federation, take measures to alienate him. If it is impossible to take such measures in connection with the arrest, prohibition of orders imposed by the competent authorities of a foreign state in accordance with the legislation of the foreign state on whose territory the property is located, or due to other circumstances not dependent on the will of these persons, such measures should be accepted within one year from the day on which their acceptance became possible. Each case of failure to comply with such requirements is subject to consideration in the prescribed manner at a meeting of the certification commission.”

Article 4

1. Employees of the federal security service, as well as military personnel and state civil servants of the foreign intelligence agencies of the Russian Federation, their spouses and minor children who have accounts (deposits), cash and valuables in foreign banks on the date of entry into force of this Federal Law, located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, owning and (or) using foreign financial instruments or having received them by inheritance after the date of entry into force of this Federal Law, are obliged, within the period determined by the head of the federal executive body in the field of security or the head of the foreign intelligence agency of the Russian Federation (the head of the federal executive body, which is in charge of the foreign intelligence agency of the Russian Federation), close accounts (deposits), stop storing cash Money and valuables in foreign banks located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, and (or) alienate foreign financial instruments, unless otherwise determined by the solution of operational or intelligence tasks. If these persons cannot fulfill the requirements provided for by this part in connection with the arrest, prohibition of orders imposed by the competent authorities of a foreign state in accordance with the legislation of the foreign state in whose territory the accounts (deposits) are located, cash and valuables are stored in foreign bank and (or) there are foreign financial instruments, or due to other circumstances beyond their control, such requirements must be fulfilled within three months from the day on which their fulfillment became possible. Each case of failure to comply with such requirements is subject to consideration in the prescribed manner at a meeting of the certification commission.
2. In case of failure to comply with the requirements provided for in Part 1 of this article, upon expiration of the deadlines specified in Part 1 of this article, employees of the federal security service and employees of the foreign intelligence agencies of the Russian Federation may be dismissed from service (work) in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation .

The president
Russian Federation
V. PUTIN
Moscow Kremlin
December 30, 2015
No. 468-FZ

Developed in the late 1990s on the basis of a biathlon rifle for arming riot police and FSB special forces. With low ballistic characteristics for a sniper weapon, it has very high shooting accuracy and a quiet shot sound.
Reloading is done manually. The magazine is detachable and holds 10 rounds.
The stock is symmetrically shaped (equally comfortable for shooting from the left and right hand), consists of two parts. The stock is detachable, of skeletal design, equipped with a butt plate and cheek piece. At the bottom of the stock, under the hinged lid, there is space for two spare magazines. Instead of a buttstock, a pistol grip can be installed. The forend has a groove for attaching a height-adjustable bipod.
On rifles of the first years of production, the stock and butt were made of varnished wood, but in 2007 the SV-99 received a stock and butt made of durable aircraft-grade multi-layer plywood dark green according to the SV-98 type, and in 2009 - an improved version of the stock and butt made of black plastic.
There are no open sights, but the rifle has a " dovetail" for installation optical sight.
What special tasks do special forces perform with the help of such weak and short-ranged (what a word!), almost toy weapons?
1. Covert destruction of enemy personnel not protected by personal protective equipment. The .22 LR caliber cartridge used gives a very quiet and accurate shot at short distances. “The accuracy of a shot with such a cartridge at 20-30 meters is simply amazing, and the low recoil allows you to make two or three very accurate shots in a row. When combined with a silencer, the sound of a shot can no longer be heard even from two steps away under normal background noise on a city street, and correctly selected ammunition can inflict quite serious injury on a criminal.” By the way, a shot from this weapon at a distance of up to 100 m affects not only people, but also service dogs.
2. Covert destruction of enemy technical means. True, not all technical means, but only those that are affected by such a weak cartridge as .22 LR. Lighting equipment, video cameras, alarm units, electrical distribution boxes, radio communications, car wheels... That is, in other words, small-caliber sniper rifle with a silencer - this is an almost ideal means of preparing a bridgehead for the assault on those objects that are technically possible to approach within a direct shot range from a small-caliber rifle (50-70 m.)
It must be said that when ordering the development of such a unique weapon as the “small sniper,” the Russian military was not a pioneer in this area. American special forces have been using small-caliber weapons of .22 LR caliber since such weapons were invented, since the end of the 19th century. And, apparently, they are not going to give it up just yet.

SPS pistol manufactured at the Mayak plant

The history of the creation of the SPS pistol begins with the development of a new pistol complex, which was supposed to surpass similar weapons, both foreign and domestic, in combat and service-operational qualities. The need for a pistol that is radically different from those in service and used in the army, law enforcement agencies, special services and special forces samples of personal short-barreled weapons, arose in the 1980s. The reason was the widespread introduction of light weapons into the armed forces of most countries of the world. personal protection different classes. For example, a second-class body armor is capable of stopping 7.62 mm bullets with a steel core at close range when fired from a TT pistol and 9 mm bullets from a standard NATO cartridge when fired from a Beretta 92FS pistol.

In addition to armies and law enforcement agencies, criminal and terrorist groups began to use body armor. When using body armor, as a rule, no more than 30% of the body is protected, however, experience combat use personal weapons, especially by police, indicates that most fire contacts occur suddenly and are fleeting. In such conditions, when there is not enough time to accurately aim at vital organs, shooting is carried out on the body, which, in the case of using protective equipment, means the ability to survive or even return fire. A new weapon-cartridge complex was needed that could effectively hit the enemy wearing personal protective equipment. In this case, the pistol had to have acceptable dimensions, weight and recoil force, and the bullet of the cartridge used had to have high penetration and stopping effect.

The widespread use of body armor was not the only reason began developing new weapons. The entire weapon system Soviet Union was based on the concept of large-scale military operations against NATO countries. The main tasks were assigned to rocket troops, aviation, tank forces, artillery and large motorized infantry units. Personal weapons were assigned one of the last roles. In particular, the Makarov pistol was created as a peacetime weapon, and in the event of hostilities, officers on the battlefield would still prefer a machine gun. This approach to small arms turned out to be incorrect in the conditions of local and partisan warfare of the 1970-1980s.

Pistol Gyurza 055С

The fighting in Vietnam, the Arab-Israeli and various civil wars in African countries showed the enormous role of small arms and, in particular, personal weapons. The clashes took place with the participation of small infantry units, usually supported by artillery, aviation or tank fire. Guerrilla methods of warfare with surprise ambush attacks and short shooting distances became widespread. As a result, changes began to be made not only to the main small arms, but also to personal short-barreled weapons. By the end of the 1980s, new materials appeared in the weapons industry. Changes are being made to the design of pistols everywhere. In accordance with the new requirements, the pistol had to have constant combat readiness with safety in handling, high reliability in difficult operating conditions, high firepower, convenience and ease of use and maintenance, and the cartridge used had high penetrating and stopping effect of the bullet.

In 1991, in accordance with the advanced tactical and technical requirements, the design team led by Pyotr Ivanovich Serdyukov created two prototype pistols, designated 6P35. A.B. Yuriev developed a 9×21 cartridge with high penetration and stopping power of the bullet, designated RG052. When designing the cartridge, it was assumed that it would be used both in a pistol and in a promising submachine gun. main feature and the advantage of this cartridge lies in the construction of the bullet, the upper part of the steel core of which protrudes from the jacket, which eliminates the loss of energy in penetrating it. The initial bullet speed is 420 m/s. As a result, a pistol cartridge bullet of medium power and size penetrates bullet protection equipment assault rifles. In 1993, modified versions of the pistol were created under the general name RG055. The difference lies in the shape and design of the frame and bolt-casing, the increased thickness of the barrel walls and the shape of the sighting devices, which received light enamel inserts.

Gyurza and Vector pistols - export samples

The improved pistol was adopted by various special forces of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Internal troops. These pistols are still in use today. Then an export version appeared - Model 055C GYURZA. It should be noted that the names “Gyurza” and “Vector” are not official and do not appear in decisions on the adoption of this or that version of the pistol for service. The cartridge was also modified and designated RG054. In 1996, the FSB special forces adopted an improved Serdyukov pistol under the name SR.1 (SR is short for special development) and a 9x21 cartridge under the symbol SP.10. Several changes were made to the design of the pistol.

Due to some changes in shape, the handle has become more comfortable. Thanks to the large horizontal notch on the front and rear surfaces, the diamond-shaped notch on the sides and the corrugation of the upper rear part of the handle, control over the weapon has increased while handling, aiming and shooting. The dimensions have increased somewhat, but at the same time the reliability of operation and the service life of the parts have increased. The bore is now chrome plated. The export modification was named RG060. The SP.10 cartridge with a bullet weighing 6.74 g, with a steel core, with an initial speed of 410 m/s and a muzzle energy of 566 J, is designed to destroy enemy personnel protected by personal protective equipment, consists of a heat-strengthened steel core, a polyethylene jacket and bimetallic shell. Penetration of second class body armor is ensured at a distance of up to 70 meters. New cartridges were created: SP.11 with a bullet with a lead core (bullet weight 7.9 g, initial speed 390 m/s); SP.12 with an expansive bullet; SP.13 with an armor-piercing tracer bullet.

For the new pistol, a barrel bore locking system using a swinging cylinder was chosen, which, due to the movement of the barrel along its axis, ensures high shooting accuracy. The return spring is located around the barrel and rests against a special part - the return spring stop. The frame consists of two main parts. The handle with the trigger guard is molded from impact-resistant plastic. The upper metal part combines a number of parts of the pistol and has guides for the movement of the bolt-casing. The trigger mechanism is hammer-type, double-action, with a safety cocking mechanism, but the trigger is not placed on it automatically. To fire a self-cocking shot, the trigger must first be set to the safety cock. To cock the hammer manually, the automatic handle safety must be turned off. If a misfire occurs during shooting, it is eliminated in a much more reliable way than re-puncture of the primer - by putting a new cartridge into the chamber.

The pistol has two automatic safeties. An automatic handle (lever) safety device, located on the rear surface of the handle, locks the sear. The automatic trigger safety protrudes from its front surface and blocks movement until the shooter's finger is pressed. Once all the cartridges have been used up, the bolt-casing stops the bolt (namely the bolt stop, not the bolt stop), and when a loaded magazine is attached, it is automatically removed from it and sends the cartridge into the chamber. Due to the lack of a slide stop lever, which most modern combat pistols have, to manually move the slide-casing to the forward position, you need to pull it back a little and release it.

A two-way sliding magazine release is located at the top front of the handle behind the trigger guard. The box magazine holds 18 rounds with a double-row arrangement, as well as a double-row exit. Sights consist of a front and rear sight with vertical white stripes to facilitate aiming in low light. Making lateral corrections is possible by moving the rear sight fixed in a dovetail groove using a special device included in the spare parts kit. Disassembly of the weapon is carried out by turning the barrel delay located on the right side of the frame. A number of constructive and technological solutions were protected by invention patents.

In 1997, by order of the Ministry of Defense, tests of the SR.1 were carried out in order to assess the possibility of adopting a new pistol and cartridges. Changes were made to the design again. The handle has a different shape. Its surface has only a large horizontal notch in the front and back parts. New form it is more universal and allows shooters with different body types to hold the weapon almost equally comfortably. The magazine latch became a push-button one. The dimensions of the sighting devices have been increased, the shape of which has also changed. In December of the same year, state tests were completed, and the pistol itself received the rating “does not meet the requirements for reliability”, after which this weapon no longer participated in the “Rook” competitions and began to develop independently. Work on further development and testing was named “Granit” and was carried out until 2000, after which the pistol again changed its name to SR-1M “Vector”. At that time, it was supplied to regional special forces services of the FSB of the Russian Federation and some SOBR and OMSN detachments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for trial operation.

The improved pistol was named SPS ( self-loading pistol Serdyukov) and was adopted by the FSB by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 166 of March 21, 2003. The Serdyukov pistol index is 6P53. New pistol received a more conveniently shaped handle, an enlarged trigger guard, sighting devices of a new design and a push-button magazine latch located on the left of the handle, at the base of the trigger guard. The names of the cartridges were changed again: 7N29 with an armor-piercing bullet with a steel core; 7N28 with lead core; 7BT3 with an armor-piercing tracer bullet. However, the 7N29 cartridges themselves are no different from SP.10, and 7N28 from SP.11. The only difference is in the customer; the manufacturer puts the SP index on the boxes of cartridges for the FSB, and 7N for the armed forces.

SR.1 pistol produced by TsNIITOCHMASH and 7N29 cartridges

The production of the Serdyukov SPS pistol has been established at TsNIITOCHMASH and at OJSC Kirov Plant Mayak. There are manufacturer's trademarks on the side surfaces of the handles. Pistols produced by TsNIITOCHMASH have a stylized owl's head. On the weapons of the Mayak plant there is a stylized mathematical radical sign. It should be clarified that the designations SR.1M and SPS are used in parallel, the first by the FSB, and the second by the Ministry of Defense. Technical differences between the SR.1M and the SPS are an enlarged (at the request of FSB and FSO employees) automatic handle safety button, changes in the configuration of sighting devices and a lower ejector mass.

In August 2012, the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering presented the following modification of the SPS pistol under the designation SR1MP, characterized by the presence of grooves on the sides of the front part of the frame, to which a block with Picatinny grooves can be attached for mounting various collimator sights, laser designators and tactical lanterns It is possible to attach a shot silencer to the SR1MP pistol. In addition, the automatic handle safety button was enlarged. In general, the Serdyukov pistol has excellent combat and service characteristics, confirmed when used in real combat operations. The weapon functions flawlessly in extreme conditions operation and at temperatures from - 50°C to + 50°C. Sighting range shooting 100 meters has been confirmed in practice. The accuracy of combat (a shooter of average training level) when firing a series of ten shots at a distance of 25 meters is 6.5 cm, and at a distance of 100 meters - 32 cm. At a distance of 100 meters, when firing with SP.10 cartridges, body armor containing up to two titanium plates 1.4 mm thick and 30 layers of Kevlar, or steel sheets up to 4 mm thick.

The gun has high quality manufacturing and surface treatment. The handle is very comfortable, but the automatic grip safety button, due to a fairly powerful spring, puts a lot of pressure on the shooter’s palm. Due to the rather large volume of the handle, shooters with small hands have to change their grip when changing magazines. In practice, the front protrusion of the trigger guard turned out to be completely unnecessary and useless, since, firstly, to reduce the toss up when firing, the method of holding with the index finger of the hand supporting the weapon placed on the protrusion of the trigger guard is absolutely ineffective, and secondly, it is impossible even for shooters with average palms It is normal to place your finger on this protrusion.

Pistol SR.1M produced by TsNIITOCHMASH

Pistol SR1MP - newest version Serdyukov pistol mounted on the weapon using a block with Picatinny slots collimator sight open type and silent-flameless firing device

The strange configuration of the trigger greatly complicates the firing of a self-cocking shot when quickly drawing the weapon, since the pad of the shooter’s index finger in most cases rests against the tip of the trigger, rather than resting on its bend, after which it slides onto the front surface of the trigger, with painful sensations for the shooter . The automatic trigger safety button does not deliver discomfort, does not press or rub your finger even during prolonged shooting. However, despite all its shortcomings, the Serdyukov pistol is in production and continues to be used by a variety of law enforcement agencies and other “security” agencies of the Russian Federation. Currently, the Serdyukov pistol is in service with the special forces of the FSB, FSO, some SOBR and OMSN units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in limited quantities available in the Presidential Security Service (SPB), border troops and used in other security forces, both in Russia and in other countries.

A few reviews from people who have experience handling and shooting the SPS pistol: “The pistol is quite large, however, with excellent ergonomics of the handle, considering the length of the cartridge. “Soft” work and impact. The trigger travel is very smooth, while at the same time its force in single action mode is small. Excellent shooting accuracy. This pistol does not have the usual protruding parts on the sides, which makes it comfortable to carry. The pistol is perfectly balanced, the handle fits comfortably in the hand. Very durable and can withstand high loads both when used in the harshest conditions and when firing powerful cartridges. The weapon is durable, with large resource service strength.

The absence of a bolt stop lever and the need to manually move the bolt-casing slightly back to chamber a cartridge from a loaded attached magazine are the pistol's drawbacks. During long-term shooting training, the automatic lever safety in the back of the handle presses on the palm, and the trigger safety on the finger. It is impossible to cock the hammer to produce an accurate shot with the thumb of the shooting hand, holding the pistol with only one hand - this will not be done by the automatic safety lever, which will no longer be pressed with the palm. This pistol is certainly not without its shortcomings, but the ability to quickly and reliably hit an enemy wearing a bulletproof vest, reliability, shooting accuracy and a solid supply of ammunition in the magazine outweigh its disadvantages. A powerful weapon for working in real combat conditions. Excellent and pleasant machine."

A special service that carries out, within its powers, tasks to ensure the security of the Russian Federation.

This service is vested with the right to conduct preliminary investigations, inquiries, intelligence and operational search activities. A federal civil service is provided for civilian population and military service.

This body is headed directly by the President of the Russian Federation.

FSB structure

In its structure, the FSB has departments, directorates, services, various divisions that carry out the activities of Security Security bodies, as well as divisions that are endowed with management functions. The structure also includes bodies which are departments (or departments) of the Federal Security Service for various constituent entities of Russia. In addition to them, the structure also includes those security agencies that exercise control over the troops. These are departments that are located in the armed forces, military formations, various troops and the bodies that manage them. The structure also includes border authorities. These are departments, squads or managements Federal service security of the Russian Federation for carrying out

FSB employees

Before you try to get a job, you need to understand what a freelance FSB employee does. Among the service employees there is a division into several groups: full-time and freelance.

Full-time employees are officially registered in the ranks of the FSB and have certificates confirming their affiliation with this authority. The scope of their powers is strictly regulated by official regulations and legislation. For exceeding their authority, these employees bear criminal or administrative liability, depending on the corpus delicti and the severity of the offense.

Freelance employees are not officially registered. Their cooperation is not recorded anywhere and occurs on a voluntary basis.

By getting a job as a freelancer, you can get into any of the divisions of the country's security service - border detachments or military formations.

Who is a freelancer?

A freelance FSB employee has a status different from a full-time employee.

Individuals, with their consent, may be invited by FSB bodies to cooperate in solving responsibilities that are assigned to the FSB itself. Recruitment can occur on a freelance basis. This means that the person who came to work is not listed anywhere in the official documents of the authorities. It is on a voluntary basis. In most cases, this employee does not receive compensation and is not a personnel employee.

Authority

A freelance FSB officer is vested with powers that are determined regulatory documents federal body in the field of security. The activities of a freelance employee are controlled by a person authorized to do so by higher management. The actions of this employee are regulated by the Legislation of the Russian Federation.

A freelancer is not a person carrying out official service in the authorities. Despite this, his actions are also strictly controlled and regulated. Such an employee is not issued. His cooperation is for informational purposes only. The use of illegal methods of obtaining information, manipulation of data and provision of knowingly false facts will entail liability, the extent of which will be determined by the court.

Taking part in various operations to counter terrorism or drug trafficking, a freelancer must independently assess the danger or safety of the situation for him. He has no right to use weapons or violent measures. In case of failure to fulfill agreements or exceed authority, the service may refuse the services of a freelancer. To terminate the cooperation, you do not need to write a letter of resignation, work for 14 days, etc. The points provided for by law apply only to those persons who are officially registered. The remaining conditions are governed by an agreement between the freelancer and the Security Service.

Rights

A freelance FSB employee has rights and responsibilities almost the same as full-time employees.

A person providing assistance to the FSB authorities has the right:

conclude a confidential contract with the FSB;
receive explanations from service employees about their tasks, rights and responsibilities;
to maintain personal confidentiality, use documents encrypted for conspiracy purposes;
receive remuneration for work;
for damage caused to property or health during cooperation, receive compensation.

Responsibilities

Working as a freelance FSB employee involves performing the following duties:

comply with the conditions stipulated in the contract or cooperation agreement;
carry out the necessary instructions from the FSB;
do not provide intentionally false, biased, slanderous information;
not or any information relevant to the assignment.

In addition, there are a number of prohibitions that cannot be violated under any pretext:

engage on the basis of a contract deputies, prosecutors, judges, minors, lawyers, clergy or persons officially registered in religious organizations.

Information about employees working outside the state may be made public only after receiving written permission from these persons and only in those cases provided for by federal laws.

Control

The implementation of laws by the Federal Security Service is monitored by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, as well as the prosecutors authorized by him to carry out these activities. Information about persons who have provided or continue to provide assistance on the basis of confidentiality, as well as information about methods, means, tactics and techniques of activity do not fall under the supervision of the prosecutor.

What freelancers do

Who is a freelance FSB employee? What is assistance?

In fact, freelancers are those people who almost always provide assistance to authorities. They take part in all kinds of raids or raids on retail outlets, provide assistance in identifying administrative offenses, and obtain useful and necessary information for the authorities.

They often provide assistance at large events where there are many people. For example, at football matches. Most often, they do not receive money for their work, but they can receive a certificate or gratitude.

What is the essence of the work

A freelance FSB employee, in fact, assists the official government body in every possible way. By carrying out various tasks, a person helps to oversee the security of the country.

How to become such an employee

In order to join the ranks of civil servants, you need to figure out how to become a freelance employee of the FSB of Russia.

First of all, the most comprehensive information can be provided by the territorial body of the FSB of the Russian Federation in the city. To get an answer to your questions, you need to come to the FSB office in the city and ask for an appointment.

In one of the offices you can ask a question about how to become a freelance FSB employee. So, the person who wishes will be taken to the required department.

Once in the required office, you need to be prepared to be asked many different questions. Questions can be from the area of personal life, career, work, hobbies, plans, trips abroad. Being prepared to ask such provocative and profound questions will save you unnecessary stress.

When meeting with an employee responsible for making decisions or authorized to do so, you must be prepared to offer something to the FSB authorities. It is necessary to clearly understand why the structure itself needs cooperation. It will not be easy for a person who is simply in love with the romance of serving in special agencies to understand the difference between what is shown in films and what intelligence officers actually face. Only a person who clearly understands the full responsibility of service in the FSB, even if it is freelance, will be able to obtain permission to cooperate.

Often in city divisions special services There may be questionnaires, after filling out which an ordinary citizen can expect a call with an invitation to have a conversation. Such questionnaires contain a large number of questions on various topics, including personal information. The complete picture compiled by the employee based on the analysis of the questionnaire and communication with the candidate will help to form the correct impression of the person.

Few people know that this man is a freelance FSB employee. There is little information on how to become one. And taking into account the fact that the activity relates to the security of the state, it is strictly prohibited to talk about it.

Terms of cooperation

Most often, in order to work as a freelance FSB employee, you must meet the following requirements:

have no criminal record;
be healthy physically and psychologically;
be checked by medical specialists.

About work - from employees

There is limited information available online about how the job actually works in this position. A freelance FSB employee does not leave reviews about his activities for several reasons:

The service is associated with dangerous elements, groups and is subject to secrecy.
Disclosure of information relating to the work of intelligence services is punishable by law.
In the case of cooperation with the FSB on issues related to drug trafficking or countering terrorism, disclosing information about one’s identity may be dangerous for the employee himself or his family members.

How to protect yourself

Many citizens, thinking about cooperation with authorities, are wondering how to protect themselves in case of unforeseen situations.

There is information that a freelance FSB employee, who is provided with a receipt from the service itself, can, on the basis of this note, go to court and appeal against any actions/inactions. However, to judge legal force and the reality of such a note is difficult. Most often, cooperation is carried out on a contractual basis, and receipts are not issued. However, if a receipt was given, then it is necessary to ensure that the points listed in it are indicated clearly and without ambiguity.

Who gets hired most often?

Representatives of official bodies report in interviews that most often they hire truly patriotic people. Those whose eyes sparkle fanatically are avoided so as not to provoke the organizations under surveillance. In addition, fanatics are difficult to control. Although such employees are not registered with the state, responsibility for their actions can be assigned to the security service structure.

Due to the fact that funding for such workers is limited, financial incentives for cooperation are extremely rare. These could be valuable gifts or letters of gratitude, but this rarely happens. In this regard, those who consider such work as an opportunity to earn additional income will be disappointed. Cooperation is carried out free of charge.

It is precisely because of the lack of additional finances that real patriots are hired. A person who wants to defend his country and his state on a voluntary basis will be useful much more than someone who wants to make money on the security of his country.

Restrictions

Typically there are no special requirements for this position. Bright tattoos or body modifications, or unusual hair color can become an obstacle. Factors that attract additional scrutiny can negatively impact a freelancer's safety.

Where to work

They will tell you where a freelance FSB officer is needed and vacancies. Moscow and the region most often place advertisements for the recruitment of such employees. You can find such information on the websites of official departments or directly on the message board in the city division of the FSB.

In Moscow, you have the opportunity to contact the Lubyanka directly, at the address: building 2. By visiting the complex of buildings included in the reporting ones, you can get full list information about personnel that are required at a particular moment, as well as leave a request by filling out a form or questionnaire and leaving your contact information.

Depending on where people are needed, you can receive an assignment or an offer of cooperation in one of the structures that are part of the service. Most often the set freelancers opens the border service and security agencies in the troops. For these two units, help is never too much. Both in the fight against illegal entry into the territory of the country, as well as in the import or export of goods, products, and other items, and in the ranks of the army, people are needed who can show additional vigilance.

We took a short historical excursion to find out what law enforcement officers used to arm themselves with. different countries. Let's now look at modern police weapons. Let's start, perhaps, with the shirt that is closer to the body - with our own Russian police(although honestly: for me the word “police” in our realities is associated not with a policeman, but with a policeman). Of course, listing all conceivable models is a disastrous task. We will try to limit ourselves to the most common or popular ones.

The previously mentioned tendency to combine military and police weapons in Russia continues to operate today. All the “trunks” that will be discussed below are used not only by various law enforcement agencies, but also by the military.

Until now, the most popular pistol used by the police remains the 9-mm Makarov pistol. Developed in 1948 and put into service in 1951, it replaced the famous revolver.

In the early 90s, it was modernized (the main changes were a higher muzzle velocity and an increased magazine capacity) and received the designation PMM. The second “M”, as you understand, means “modernized”.

The morally outdated PM began to be replaced by the Yarygin pistol, designed for the use of 9-mm Parabellum cartridges. Created at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, the model turned out to be quite heavy (950 g without cartridges) and bulky, with a high center of gravity, threatening to “block” the weapon. Almost the main drawback, many experts consider the lack of a function for safely releasing the cocked hammer.

Of course, it also has advantages: less recoil and bounce when fired compared to the PM, a more capacious magazine (for 18 rounds), high penetration and stopping effect. In addition, a Weaver rail and a tactical flashlight with a laser target designator can be installed on the PY. But in general, the design of the pistol is considered obsolete by the time it was created.

Not just pistols...

The police also have machine guns. The most popular, naturally, is the AK-74U, which uses a 5.45x39 mm cartridge. The thing is certainly formidable, but somewhat outdated. It is not surprising that gunsmiths were asked to develop a new, more modern machine gun for use as a police weapon.

At the Kovrov Mechanical Plant in the late 90s, the AEK-919K “Kashtan” was created, using the widespread PM cartridge.

True, police patrols are not equipped with them; these are special forces weapons, which will require a small-sized machine gun in confined spaces.

Since 2006, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs began to be equipped with 9-mm PP-2000. A very interesting unit with a plastic case and a magazine for 20 or 44 rounds of 9x19 Parabellum cartridges.

Light weight (just over one and a half kg without cartridges), the ability to shoot with thick gloves, as well as an installed Picatinny rail for a bunch of “bells and whistles” (silencer, optical or IR laser laser, tactical flashlight, collimator or optical sight) will allow it to become a worthy replacement for the old one good Kalash.

Izhmash made it even simpler: they developed the PP-19-01 Vityaz submachine gun, which is based on the AK-74U design (the unification of parts is 70%). The main difference is the cartridge.

The Vityaz uses a 9x19 cartridge, both from domestic and foreign companies. Well, a “trifle” in the form of a Picatinny rail is a thing that goes without saying for modern weapons.

When describing Russian police weapons, one cannot fail to mention another well-known development - the PP-91 KEDR. It is CEDAR, and not “Cedar”, as is often mistakenly written. After all, this is an abbreviation for “design by Evgeniy Dragunov.” This submachine gun has a long history. It began to be developed back in the 70s of the last century for the army, but due to its short effective firing range it was not accepted into service. Yes, this is understandable, because the cartridge used here was a pistol 9x18 PM.

KEDR was “reanimated” in the 90s, when the police needed funds to suppress a surge in crime. A silencer and a laser target designator can be installed on it. Currently, it is the second most common submachine gun as a police weapon in Russia in law enforcement agencies.