Inanimate objects in winter. Winter phenomena in inanimate nature

Winter is a harsh time, especially in northern latitudes our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. The slushy November weather gives way to December frosts, freezing the reservoirs and covering the ground in a fluffy blanket of snow. The days become short, and the nights drag on tediously, waiting for the first ray of sun.

The most common natural phenomena in winter:

The shortest day falls on the period winter solstice . This is December 21 on the night of 22. The shortest day and the longest night. From this time the countdown begins and daytime increases, reducing nighttime.

Clouds fall lower, become heavy, gray from overflowing moisture. They are not light and compact; they cover the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. They are the ones who bring heavy snowfalls, covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

This winter precipitation. In winter, they cover everything around with a thick blanket, creating a kind of microclimate that helps plants and small animals survive the harsh cold. The lower the air temperature, the looser the snow flooring becomes, the harder it crunches underfoot and pricks when you touch it.

In calm weather, the snow falls in large snowflakes; with increasing intensity, the snow turns into blizzard- the most formidable winter natural phenomenon. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He picks up the snow cover and carries it, dragging it along with him. In nature, snowstorms are distinguished between high and low snowstorms, depending on the redistribution air masses. Typically, severe snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the peak of seasonal temperatures. The formation of a snowy landscape depends on this natural phenomenon: wind-blown snow takes on the bizarre shapes of snowdrifts.

Frequent travel companion winter weather - black ice. This is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature change. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is black ice that binds the entire area of ​​small streams and other sources of moisture, so it does not necessarily have to rain for it to appear.

If there are severe, prolonged frosts in winter, they freeze the deepest bodies of water, which freeze to very decent depths, and so it begins freeze-up, paralyzing shipping. The ice will begin to move only with strong warming, when the rays of the sun begin to warm up its firmament.

frosts refer to hazardous phenomena nature. They can be installed on for a long time, if a winter anticyclone dominates the area. As a rule, abnormal frosts are a rare occurrence. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage agriculture and provoke the appearance emergency, so all public utilities are on alert in winter.

Another indispensable attribute of winter is icicle- a cone-shaped piece of ice that hangs from any plane. During the day, the sun warms the snow, it begins to melt and leak, and at night the frost intensifies, everything around freezes. The mass of the icicle grows as the snow melts, then it collapses from own weight and crumbles upon impact with the ground.

It is with the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring, when the air temperature gradually rises, the days become longer and Frost patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the warmed ground.

“How snow is formed” - Let's study the properties of snow and ice. The first snowflakes are spinning in the air, They will fall to the ground, but will not lie still. Snow is white. In warm weather, snow and ice melt. The ice is transparent. The fluff flies - it dazzles your eyes, and if you catch it - it's cold. Snowflakes form high in the sky, in the clouds. For what? Not gem, but it shines.

“Inanimate nature in winter” - Inanimate nature in winter. Winter months. Snowfall. Winter phenomena V inanimate nature. Frost. Thaw. December January February. 2. January is “jelly”. Changes in inanimate nature in our region. 1. December - “windy winter”. Characteristics of winter. 1. Thaw 2. Ice 3. Snowfall 4. Blizzard 5. Frost. 3. February - “snow”.

“In the Forest in Winter” - Beautiful and sad winter forest. Let flocks of people flock to your porch from all over, as if it were home. Kinglet. Tit. And I changed my fur coat. Lots of snow in the forest! Zhelna. The nuthatch is found in mixed flocks of tits, woodpeckers, and wrens. Jay. After all, a fox in a white fur coat will not immediately notice a bunny. Feed the birds in winter!

“Wild Animals in Winter” - In winter, wolves live in packs. Characters. - Today we haven’t talked about one more beautiful animal - the bear. - There is also hare hares. - Schoolchildren should be, first of all, ecologically cultured people. Target. Hunt opens at certain time and in certain places. - Here they told how the squirrel is protected from enemies.

“Snow Winter” - Today is the day from the sun, frost has spread across the branches, winter has come. Behind the window in a white field - Dusk, wind, snow... Our river, as if in a fairy tale, was paved with frost overnight, On the fluffy branches with a snowy border, tassels blossomed with white fringe. The road is white, white. Looking at each other, Sleeping in the snow at home.

“The world around us in winter” - Winter Games. What winter fun do you know? Form in children cognitive interest to the surrounding world, native nature. Signs of winter. What signs of winter do you know? Authors: Educators of the preschool educational institution " Kindergarten Vostochny village" Bannova I.V. What seasons do you know? Objective of the project. Guess the time of year. Study questions.

There are a total of 13 presentations in the topic

Winter is a fierce time, especially in the north of the planet. Sometimes its appearance does not coincide with calendar time. Signs of winter may appear earlier. The slushy weather changes to frost, ponds freeze, and the ground is covered with a white blanket of snow. During this period the days are short and the nights are cold.

The first signs of winter. Snow

Nature calendar

Frost and snow appear in different ways. Nature has its own calendar, so signs of winter are noticeable in different times of the year.

Every year the timing of the annual seasons changes. Therefore, spring may come early or, conversely, late. This happens in winter too. Every year maybe different quantities precipitation, there may be more clear or cloudy days, the temperature can also present its own surprises.

It is important for many people to monitor fluctuations in nature. Gardeners, landowners, fishermen, and hunters pay attention to them. Depends on weather conditions such industries:

• poultry farming;
• Agriculture;
• fishing;
• livestock farming;
• sericulture;
• beekeeping.

End of winter

Winter doesn't last forever, it ends eventually. The first thawed patches appear and the ground is visible. Previously, they can be seen on the slopes, and then - in the fields. But in the north, in the forests, snow can last a long time.

Migratory birds are starting to return home. The first to be noticed are the rooks. But there are also places of their residence from which they do not fly away, since there are no harsh winters there.

The beginning of winter in nature

There are signs of winter in wildlife. You can observe the following changes:

1. Trees and bushes are shedding leaves. This happens because there is little light in winter, so they don’t need this part. Only coniferous trees They don’t lose leaves, they fall out gradually so that new ones can grow. These needles of fir trees and pine trees are covered with a coating that protects them from severe frosts.
2. IN winter period little food. For this reason, animals, such as bears, hibernate. Those who continue to lead an active life grow a warm fur coat. Such changes will prevent them from freezing. By the way, the hare turns white for the winter, and the hedgehog finds a cozy place and sleeps there, curled up, until spring.
3. The number of birds decreases in winter, as migratory birds fly to regions where it is warmer. Only those who have adapted to eat food remain different kinds stern. And many insects disappear in winter, so it becomes more difficult for birds to find food.

These are signs of winter in living nature.

What is snow made of?

Snowflakes come in various sizes, but no larger than 5 mm. And openwork weaving differs from each other, surprising with its uniqueness. There are different signs of winter, but snow is considered the most basic. Snowflakes are symmetrical, have clear geometric edges, and are connected into a hexagon. The water molecule has a hexagonal shape. Because of this, when she freezes in the clouds, she transforms into small crystals. Formation occurs with the capture of neighboring molecules. Thus, a chain of frozen molecules is obtained.

The resulting shape is affected by air temperature and humidity. Snow in winter plays an important role, as it provides protection to the earth in the cold, covering it blanket of snow. It allows you to keep warm, plants and small animals will not die in such conditions. If there is no snow, winter crops will not produce a harvest. Snow also retains moisture, which is needed in spring.

Games for children that will help you recognize the beginning of winter

Many parents want their child to quickly be able to tell what signs of winter exist. You can teach him this by playing. At the same time, his mental capacity will develop and improve.

The first game is called "Homemade Lotto". It can be used for 3-year-old children. The signs of winter will become clear to children and they will be able to talk about it. To do this, you need to make a lotto for each season. Pictures are collected showing signs of winter and other periods of the year. After this, you need to invite your child to choose from the drawings those that are associated with the winter period. The parent can take out the pictures one by one, and the baby must identify the signs of the cold season. To make it interesting for the child, you can later switch roles with him. This will allow him to consolidate his knowledge. It is allowed to make mistakes so that the child corrects his parent.

Similar to the previous game, you can write words on cardboard: signs for the word “winter” and other seasons. The activity is similar to the previous one, the child must collect words related to winter.

The game “What to Wear” develops a child’s thoughts well. To do this, you will need clothing that should be worn in different time of the year. The child must choose from the pile only those things that are suitable for winter. The parent can also show one wardrobe attribute at a time, and the children make a conclusion regarding it. The same game can be played with shoes. If you are concerned that things will get dirty, you can use pictures. They should depict different clothes. For the child to develop his logical thinking, you can ask why he chose a particular thing.

You can help recognize the signs of winter while walking. When the mother goes for a walk with the baby outside, he can begin to talk about the changes that have come with the advent of the winter period. A parent can help the children, noting that the dog’s fur has become thicker, and smoke can be seen from the cottages, as the stove is being heated there. The child will realize that with the arrival of winter it becomes cold, which is why such changes occur.

You can also play winter words. To do this, participants name words associated with winter one by one. For example, cold, snow, Santa Claus, Snowman and others. If someone doesn't know what word to say, they're out of the game. The last remaining participant is the winner.

So, there are a lot of changes when winter comes. Every person should notice them, and children should be helped to see these signs.

Everything that surrounds us and that is not created by human hands is called nature. All changes that we can observe in the world around us are natural phenomena. Let's consider what natural phenomena there are depending on the time of year.

Phenomena of living nature

As you know, nature can be living and non-living. Let's get acquainted with examples of living nature phenomena.

All living beings inhabiting our planet - humans, animals, birds, insects, fish, all types of plants, bacteria and various microbes - belong to the world of living nature.

In winter, nature seems to fall into sleep, and all living things prepare for this state:

• Trees and bushes shed their leaves .
• In winter in conditions wildlife very little food . For this reason, some animals - bears, hedgehogs, chipmunks, badgers - hibernate in order to survive inclement weather. winter times. They dig themselves warm, cozy holes and sleep there until spring comes. Those animals that continue to live an active life in winter acquire a thick coat that prevents them from freezing.

Rice. 1. Bear in a den

• With the onset of the first cold weather, many birds go to warmer climes to spend the winter there in greater comfort. Only those species of birds that have learned to eat different foods remain in their homeland.

In winter, even those birds that live in the city have a very hard time. There are almost no insects, berries and grains too. To help your feathered friends wait for the gentle spring sun, you can make feeders and feed them during the cold season.

In spring, nature awakens, and plants are the first to react: buds bloom on the trees, new leaves appear, and young green grass sprouts.

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Rice. 2. Spring forest

The animals are very happy about the long-awaited warmth. Now you can leave your dens and minks and return to an active life. Animals and birds have offspring in the spring, and their worries increase.

In summer and early autumn, nature pleases with warm weather, an abundance of fruits, vegetables, and berries. Animals raise their babies, teach them how to get food for themselves and how to defend themselves from enemies. In the fall, many animals make provisions for the winter, preparing for the upcoming cold weather.

Phenomena of inanimate nature

All inanimate nature includes celestial bodies, water, air, soil, minerals, stones.

In winter, natural phenomena are very harsh. It's good when it snows softly and the world turns into winter's tale. It is much worse when there is a fierce snowstorm, blizzard or blizzard outside.

In a steppe, open area, a blizzard is terrible in its strength - a strong blizzard, because of which it is difficult to see anything even close up. Finding themselves in the center of a snowstorm, many travelers lost their bearings in space and froze.

Rice. 3. Blizzard

In spring, nature throws off its snowy shackles:

• Ice drift begins on the rivers - melting and movement of ice downstream.
• The snow is melting, the first thawed patches appear - small areas of thawed snow.
• Warm winds begin to blow, winter precipitation changes to rain and spring showers.
• Daylight hours are becoming longer and nights are becoming shorter.

All summer phenomena of inanimate nature are directly related to warming. Dry, hot weather sets in, with variable precipitation. Rainfall may begin suddenly, with thunder and lightning. But within half an hour after heavy rain, the sun will shine brightly in the sky again.

And only in summer you can admire such a wonderful natural phenomenon as a rainbow!

With the onset of autumn, the daylight hours shorten again, the air temperature drops, and it often rains for a long time. In the morning, at the first frost, a thin layer of ice - frost - may appear on the surface of the earth and objects.

What have we learned?

In 2nd grade, the world around us studies such interesting topic as "Natural Phenomena". We learned that nature can be living and non-living, and its phenomena largely depend on the time of year.

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What are natural phenomena? What are they? You will find answers to these questions in this article. The material can be useful both for preparing for a lesson on the world around us and for general development.

Everything that surrounds us and is not created by human hands, is nature.

All changes that occur in nature are called natural phenomena or natural phenomena. The rotation of the Earth, its movement in orbit, the change of day and night, the change of seasons are examples of natural phenomena.

Seasons are also called seasons. Therefore, natural phenomena associated with the changing seasons are called seasonal phenomena.

Nature, as you know, can be inanimate and living.

Inanimate nature includes: the Sun, stars, celestial bodies, air, water, clouds, stones, minerals, soil, precipitation, mountains.

Living nature includes plants (trees), mushrooms, animals (animals, fish, birds, insects), microbes, bacteria, and humans.

In this article we will look at winter, spring, summer and autumn phenomena nature in living and inanimate nature.

Winter natural phenomena

Examples of winter phenomena in inanimate nature

Examples of winter phenomena in wildlife

Snow is a type of winter atmospheric precipitation in the form of crystals or flakes. Snowfall – heavy snowfall in winter. A blizzard is a strong blowing snowstorm that occurs mainly in flat, treeless areas. A blizzard is a snow storm with strong winds. A snowstorm is a winter phenomenon in inanimate nature, when a strong wind raises a cloud of dry snow and impairs visibility at low temperatures. Buran is a blizzard in the steppe area, in open areas. Blizzard – wind transfer of previously fallen and/or falling snow. Glaze is the formation of a thin layer of ice on the surface of the earth as a result of cold weather after a thaw or rain. Ice - the formation of a layer of ice on the surface of the earth, trees, wires and other objects that form after freezing drops of rain or drizzle; Icicles - icing when liquid drains in the form of a cone pointed downwards. Frosty patterns are essentially frost that forms on the ground and on tree branches and on windows. Freeze-up – a natural phenomenon when a continuous ice cover is established on rivers, lakes and other bodies of water; Clouds are a collection of water droplets and ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere, visible in the sky with the naked eye. Ice, as a natural phenomenon, is the process of transition of water into a solid state. Frost is a phenomenon when the temperature drops below 0 degrees Celsius. Frost is a snow-white fluffy coating that grows on tree branches and wires in calm frosty weather, mainly during fog, appearing with the first sharp cold snaps. Thaw - warm weather in winter with the melting of snow and ice.

Bear hibernation is a period of slowing down of life processes and metabolism in homeothermic animals during periods of low food availability. Hibernation of hedgehogs - due to lack of nutrition in winter, hedgehogs hibernate. The change in color of a hare from gray to white is a mechanism by which hares adapt to a change in environment. The squirrel's color change from red to bluish-gray is a mechanism by which squirrels adapt to changing environments. Bullfinches and tits arrive People dressed in winter clothes

Spring natural phenomena

Names of spring phenomena in inanimate nature

Names of spring phenomena in wildlife

Ice drift is the movement of ice downstream during river melting. Snowmelt is a natural phenomenon when the snow begins to melt. Thawed patches are a phenomenon early spring, when areas that have thawed from snow appear, most often around trees. Flood is a phase that occurs annually at the same time. water regime rivers with a characteristic rise in water level. Thermal winds are common name for winds associated with temperature differences that occur between cold spring night and a relatively warm sunny day. The first thunderstorm - atmospheric phenomenon when electrical discharges - lightning - occur between the cloud and the earth's surface, which are accompanied by thunder. Snow melting The babbling of brooks Drops - melting snow falling from roofs, from trees in drops, as well as these drops themselves.

Flowering of early flowering plants (bushes, trees, flowers) The appearance of insects Arrival of migratory birds Sap flow in plants is the movement of water and minerals dissolved in it from the root system to the above-ground part. Budding Emergence of a flower from a bud Emergence of foliage Birdsong Birth of baby animals Bears and hedgehogs wake up after hibernation Molting in animals - changing the winter coat to thorns

Summer natural phenomena

Summer natural phenomena in inanimate nature

Summer natural phenomena in wildlife

A thunderstorm is an atmospheric phenomenon when electrical discharges - lightning - occur between a cloud and the earth's surface, which are accompanied by thunder. Lightning is a giant electrical spark discharge in the atmosphere that can usually occur during a thunderstorm, resulting in a bright flash of light and accompanying thunder. Lightning - instant flashes of light on the horizon during a distant thunderstorm. This phenomenon is observed, as a rule, at night. At the same time, thunderclaps are not heard due to the distance, but flashes of lightning are visible, the light of which is reflected from cumulonimbus clouds (mainly their tops). The phenomenon was popularly timed to coincide with the end of summer, the beginning of the harvest, and is sometimes called bakers. Thunder is a sound phenomenon in the atmosphere that accompanies a lightning strike. Hail is a type of rainfall consisting of pieces of ice. Rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena, resulting from refraction sunlight in droplets of water suspended in the air. Shower - heavy (heavy) rain. Heat is a state of the atmosphere characterized by hot, heated sun rays air. Dew is small drops of moisture that settle on plants or soil when the morning coolness sets in. Summer warm rains

The grass is turning green Flowers are blooming Mushrooms and berries grow in the forest

Autumn natural phenomena

Autumn phenomena in inanimate nature

Autumn phenomena in wildlife

Wind is a flow of air moving parallel to the earth's surface. Fog is a cloud that “descends” to the surface of the earth. Rain is a type of precipitation that falls from clouds in the form of liquid droplets, the diameter of which varies from 0.5 to 5-7 mm. Slush is liquid mud formed from rain and sleet in wet weather. Frost is a thin layer of ice that covers the surface of the earth and other objects located on it at sub-zero temperatures. Frost – light frost in the range of 1 to 3 degrees Celsius. Autumn ice drift is the movement of ice on rivers and lakes under the influence of currents or wind at the beginning of freezing of reservoirs.

Leaf fall is the process of leaves falling from trees. Migration of birds to the south

Unusual natural phenomena

What natural phenomena still exist? In addition to the seasonal natural phenomena described above, there are several more that are not associated with any time of year.

• Flood called a short-term sudden rise in water level in a river. This sharp rise may be a consequence of heavy rains, melting large quantities snow, the release of an impressive volume of water from the reservoir, and the collapse of glaciers.
• Northern lights- glow upper layers atmospheres of planets with magnetospheres due to their interaction with charged particles of the solar wind.
• Ball lightning- a rare natural phenomenon that looks like a luminous formation floating in the air.
• Mirage — optical phenomenon in the atmosphere: refraction of light streams at the boundary between layers of air that are sharply different in density and temperature.
• « Falling star" - an atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when meteoroids enter the Earth's atmosphere
• Hurricane- extremely fast and strong, often large destructive force and significant duration of air movement
• Tornado- an ascending vortex of extremely quickly rotating air in the form of a funnel of enormous destructive power, in which moisture, sand and other suspended matter are present.
• Ebbs and flows- changes in water level sea ​​elements and the World Ocean.
• Tsunami- long and high waves generated by a powerful impact on the entire thickness of water in the ocean or other body of water.
• Earthquake- represent tremors and vibrations of the earth's surface. The most dangerous of them arise due to tectonic displacements and ruptures in earth's crust or the upper part of the Earth's mantle
• Tornado — atmospheric vortex, arising in a cumulonimbus (thunderstorm) cloud and spreading down, often to the very surface of the earth, in the form of a cloud arm or trunk with a diameter of tens and hundreds of meters
• Eruption- the process of ejection by a volcano earth's surface hot debris, ash, an outpouring of magma, which, pouring out to the surface, becomes lava.
• Floods- flooding of land with water, which is a natural disaster.