Examples of what applies to inanimate nature. How do living species differ from nonliving species?

The inanimate world is various substances, as well as fields with energy. It is represented by several levels of organization: from elementary particles, chemical elements and atoms to celestial bodies and the Universe. This term refers to all objects formed without human intervention and consisting of matter or field. An important difference is that inanimate objects are stable, static and slightly changeable. Rocks, mountains, water, atmosphere - all this has existed for billions of years and is subject to change extremely slowly.

How to explain differences to a 2nd grade child?

To clearly tell and show the student examples and objects of living and inanimate nature, you can rely on the following facts:

1. To support life processes, representatives of the living world need to receive energy from the outside - for example, plants and animals need sunlight in order to develop properly.
2. Living organisms are complex, their biological system supports life thanks to important processes. They can develop, breathe, reproduce, age and die. Even though it is difficult to notice how a plant breathes, this process is still present at the molecular level.
3. Objects of the living world can move and exhibit reactions to external stimuli. For example, if you touch an animal, it will run away or attack, unlike rocks that will not budge.
4. After all, many representatives of the living world can think and have reflexes that help them survive.

From birth we are surrounded by nature, its beauty and richness shape inner world people, cause admiration and rapture. What can I say, we ourselves are also part of it. And along with animals, birds, plants, we are components of the so-called living nature. This also includes mushrooms, insects, fish and even viruses and microbes. But what are the objects of inanimate nature in this case?

Natural sciences study this part of the world. And if, as can be logically assumed, everything that has life inherent in it belongs to living nature, then everything else can be classified as inanimate. What exactly we will discuss further. And the very first thing worth talking about is the four main elements.

Objects

First of all, Not Live nature- this is the earth itself, as well as parts of the earth's landscape: sand, stone, fossils and minerals. Even dust can be attributed to this “company”, because it is an accumulation of small particles of all of the above. Also, inanimate nature is the world ocean and every drop of water in it. In general, our planet is covered with moisture by 71%. It is found both deep underground and in which we breathe. And all of these are also objects of inanimate nature.

Air also falls into this category. But the microorganisms inhabiting it are already quite living nature. But smells and wind fall under the phenomena we describe. Also inanimate nature is fire. Although it is, perhaps, more often than other elements represented as animate in human culture.

Examples

Well, I would like to clearly show what inanimate nature is. Examples of its objects are extremely diverse: these are all the winds blowing on the planet, and every lake or puddle, and mountains, and deserts. Inanimate nature includes sunlight and moonlight. It is represented by all types weather phenomena: from rain to tornadoes and In general, inanimate nature is the combination of factors and conditions in which you and I live.

Conclusion

At the same time, it would be wrong to separate it from living nature: both varieties are symbionts and influence each other. Thus, people, animals, bacteria - all species evolve during their existence, that is, they adapt to existing conditions. In turn, the life activity of each creature shapes and changes inanimate nature. In the case of animals, this is fertilizing the soil, digging holes. In the case of people - more global processing of the landscape, the use of minerals, and the construction of cities. Almost all human activity is aimed at changing inanimate nature to suit one’s own goals. Unfortunately, these kinds of actions do not always lead to positive results. Due to human impact, water bodies dry up, the soil layer is depleted as a result of improperly organized agricultural activities, and it is destroyed. Therefore, it should be remembered that not only animals and birds require protection from extinction. Objects of inanimate nature also often need to be protected from barbaric use by humans.

This video tutorial is intended for self-study topics “Living and inanimate nature”. First-graders will get to know the beauty of our world - nature, which surrounds humanity literally everywhere. The teacher will also give a definition of living and inanimate nature.

Lesson: Living and inanimate nature

Nature decorates our world. With what pleasure we listen to the singing of birds, the babbling of a brook, the mysterious whisper of the forest! With what pleasure we admire the mirror-like surface of the rivers, the majestic bulk of the mountains.

Look, my dear friend,
What's around?
The sky is light blue,
The sun is shining golden.
The wind plays with the leaves,
A cloud floats in the sky.
Field, river and grass,
Mountains, air and foliage,
Birds, animals and forests,
Thunder, fog and dew,
Man and season -
It's all nature around.

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Everything belongs to nature what surrounds us: the sun, air, water, rivers and lakes, mountains and forests, plants, animals and man himself. Doesn't apply to nature only what is made by human hands: the house in which you live, the table at which you sit, the book you read.

Carefully examine the drawings and determine what is natural and what is made by human hands.

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The sun, the tree and the ant are nature.

The teapot, airplane, toys are made by human hands.

It's called nature everything that surrounds us and is not made by human hands. Nature is divided into living and nonliving. Inanimate nature includes the sun, air, water, mountains, stones, sand, sky, stars. Living nature includes plants, animals and fungi.

Let's consider the signs of living and inanimate nature.

Figures 8 and 9 show two stars: sea and cosmic.

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Which star is breathing? The starfish breathes, but the space star does not breathe.

Which star is growing? The starfish is growing, but the cosmic star is not growing.

Which star is feeding? Feeds Starfish, space does not feed.

Which star gives birth? A starfish gives birth to offspring; a starfish does not produce offspring.

Can a starfish live forever? No, she's dying.

A starfish is a living thing because it breathes, grows, feeds, gives birth and dies.

A cosmic star is inanimate because it does not breathe, does not grow, does not feed, and does not give birth.

Nature has two forms, living and non-living. Wildlife items have distinctive features:

1. Life expectancy - they grow;

2. eat;

3. breathe;

4. give offspring.

Objects of inanimate nature do not have such signs.

Look at the pictures and determine whether these objects are part of living or inanimate nature.

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The chicken breathes, eats, grows, gives birth, dies. This means that the chicken belongs to living nature.

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The stone does not breathe, does not feed, does not grow, does not give birth, and is destroyed. This means that the stone belongs to inanimate nature.

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A sunflower grows, eats, breathes, reproduces by seeds, and dies. This means that the sunflower belongs to living nature.

Distribute objects into two groups: living and inanimate nature.

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Wildlife includes a boy, a sparrow, a tree, and a dog.

Inanimate nature includes mountains and clouds.

Carefully examine the drawing and determine what is unnecessary.

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The extra one is the snowman, he is made by human hands and does not belong to nature. Crab and rose are living nature.

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The extra one is a frog, it belongs to living nature. Rainbows and thunderclouds belong to inanimate nature.

What nature is man a part of? A person grows, eats, breathes, gives birth to offspring, which means that a person is part of living nature.

Look at the pictures, what signs of living nature are depicted in them?

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Figure 25 shows growth, Figure 26 shows nutrition, Figure 27 shows breathing, Figure 28 shows offspring.

Let's imagine for a moment that inanimate nature, namely the sun, air and water, will disappear. Will plants, animals and man himself then be able to exist? No, living and inanimate nature are interconnected. Let's look at examples of such connections.

1. Without sunlight and heat cannot exist for most animals, plants and man himself.

2. Without water, all living things die.

3. All living things breathe air. The air must be clean.

Do you think people could live without nature? Of course not,Our whole life is connected with nature.We breathe air, quench our thirst with water, a person cannot live without food, and animals and plants give us food.

Nature is our home. Man must take care and protect nature. Nature is very rich, but its wealth is not limitless. And a person must use these riches as a reasonable and a kind person. The great Russian writer Mikhail Prishvin tells his readers about this in his story “The Pantry of the Sun.”

Needed for fish pure water. We will protect our water bodies.

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Various valuable animals live in forests, steppes, and mountains. We will protect our forests, steppes, and mountains.

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Fish are water, birds are air, animals are forest, steppe, mountains, but man needs a homeland. To love and protect nature means to love and protect the Motherland!

The next lesson will cover the topic of Plant Diversity. During the lesson you will get acquainted with an important part of nature - plants.

1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world around us 1. M.: Russian Word.

2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around us 1. M.: Enlightenment.

3. Gin A.A., Faer S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around us 1. M.: VITA-PRESS.

1. Regional center information technologies ().

2. Festival pedagogical ideas "Public lesson" ().

1. Tell us how living nature differs from inanimate nature.

2. Give examples of living and inanimate nature based on your own observations.

3. Is there a connection between living nature and inanimate nature?

4. * Draw two pictures. In one drawing, depict only objects of living nature, and in the other - inanimate nature.

Take a look around. How beautiful! Gentle sun, blue sky, clear air. Nature decorates our world and makes it more joyful. Have you ever wondered what nature is?

Nature is everything that surrounds us, but is NOT created by human hands: forests and meadows, sun and clouds, rain and wind, rivers and lakes, mountains and plains, birds, fish, animals, even man himself belongs to nature.

Nature is divided into living and nonliving.

Live nature: animals (including animals, birds, fish, even worms and microbes), plants, mushrooms, humans.

Inanimate nature: sun, space objects, sand, soil, stones, wind, water.

Signs of wildlife:

All wildlife objects:

Grow,
- eat,
- breathe,
- give birth to offspring
and they are also born and die.

In inanimate nature the opposite is true. Its objects are not able to grow, eat, breathe and give birth. Bodies of inanimate nature do not die, but are destroyed or transform into another state (example: ice melts and becomes a liquid).

How to distinguish what nature this or that object belongs to?

Let's try it together.

What nature is a sunflower part of? A sunflower is born - a sprout hatches from the seed. The sprout is growing. Roots are pulled out of the ground nutrients, and leaves are taken from the air carbon dioxide- the sunflower eats. The plant breathes by absorbing oxygen from the air. A sunflower produces seeds (seeds) - which means it reproduces. In the fall it dries up and dies. Conclusion: sunflowers are part of living nature.

A person is born, grows, eats, breathes, has children, dies, which means we can also be safely classified as living nature. Man is part of nature.

The Moon, the Sun, a spring, stones do not grow, do not feed, do not breathe, do not give birth, which means they are bodies of inanimate nature.

The snowman, house, cars are made by human hands and do not belong to nature.

But there are also bodies of inanimate nature that possess certain characteristics of living organisms.

For example, crystals are born, grow, and collapse (die).
A river is born from the melting of a glacier, grows when small rivers flow into it, and dies when it flows into the sea.
An iceberg is born, grows, moves, dies (melts in warm seas).
A volcano is born, grows, and dies with the cessation of eruptions.

But they all DO NOT eat, DO NOT breathe, and DO NOT give birth.

If you break a piece of chalk in half, you get 2 pieces of chalk. Chalk remained chalk. Chalk is an inanimate object. If you break a tree or split a butterfly into pieces, they will die, because the tree and the butterfly are living things.

In elementary school, difficulties arise in determining whether an object belongs not only to living and inanimate nature, but also to nature in general. Will you be able to complete the task correctly?

Find a group in which all objects belong to inanimate nature:

a) sun, water, earth, stones.
b) moon, air, lunar rover, stars.
c) ice, earth, water, ship.

The correct answer is a). The lunar rover and the ship do not belong to inanimate nature, they do not belong to any nature, because they were created by human hands.

Relationship between living and inanimate nature

Undoubtedly, living and inanimate nature are interconnected. Let's make sure together.

For example, the SUN: without heat and sunlight, neither humans, nor plants, nor birds, nor even fish can live.

Let's continue. AIR. All living things breathe. And no one can live without him.

And finally, FOOD. A person eats various objects of living nature: plants, mushrooms and products that he receives from animals.

On the other hand, living organisms also invariably influence objects of inanimate nature. Thus, microorganisms, fish and animals living in water support it chemical composition; Plants, dying and rotting, saturate the soil with microelements.

Based on our observations, we conclude that our whole life is closely connected with nature.

Man learns a lot from nature and even creates objects similar to natural objects. For example, by observing a dragonfly, man created a helicopter, and birds inspired the creation of an airplane. Every home has an artificial sun - this is a lamp.

Conclusion

Nature is everything that surrounds us and is not made by human hands. Nature has two forms: living nature and non-living nature. Living and inanimate nature are closely related to each other, because all living things breathe air, all living things drink water, humans cannot live without food, and animals and plants give us food. Nature is our home. Man must preserve and protect it and use natural resources wisely.

It is customary to speak and write about living nature with primary school: animals, birds, plants, insects constitute the object of the closest observation. Inanimate bodies are somehow ignored and less interesting, so sometimes even adults cannot determine what belongs to inanimate nature. Let's finally understand this issue of natural history, especially since Unified State Exam tests and the State Academic Academy periodically return to children's questions!

The concept of “nature” from the point of view of natural sciences includes everything that is not created by people. Living nature includes all living organisms, and nonliving nature includes all material bodies that appeared without the conscious participation of humans. It is quite easy to distinguish a living cat, for example, from a non-living stone, but confusion often arises with the details. Here is a cobblestone - material body inanimate nature. And brick is no longer a natural body, but an artificial one. A block of marble is a natural body, and David from under Michelangelo’s chisel is art and, accordingly, its nature of the same name.

If it is quite possible to distinguish natural objects from artificial ones, knowing their origin, then the differences between living and non-living things can sometimes be completely unobvious. To determine them, it is necessary to know the structure and functioning of the object of study. Bodies of inanimate nature:

• do not exchange matter, energy and information with the environment (do not eat, do not breathe, do not release energy and substances);
• are not capable of self-reproduction;
• do not develop;
• do not respond to stimuli;
• have a simple structure.

The combination of these features allows us to speak of an object as inanimate.

In addition, there is a certain pattern in the existence of systems of inanimate nature: the principle of least action is relevant for them. The system always tends from a less stable state to a more stable one, maintaining a minimum of surface energy. Nonliving things do not resist influence environment, while the living fights against it in order to continue the normal functioning of the body.

Inanimate nature: interesting examples

Stone, star, water, ice, air, earth - all these are bodies of inanimate nature, possessing all its characteristics. Their determination does not cause any difficulties. But, for example, a tree: undoubtedly, a living organism that grows, develops, reproduces, reacts to the world and dies over time. What about a fallen tree in the forest? When the roots stopped pumping nutrients and the foliage stopped renewing itself, the lying tree ceased to be an organism and became a body - inanimate nature. Of course, changes occur to him, but under the influence of living organisms or external factors: bacteria cause wood to rot, insects feed on it, and the wind breaks it.

In any discussion about what objects belong to inanimate nature, viruses are mentioned as examples - either living organisms, or a complex organic molecules. The fact is that they do not have a complex cellular structure, but multiply only in foreign cells, assembling from molecules like a crystal. Viruses also have no metabolism. However, they are subject to natural selection and carry their own genetic code, which is characteristic only of living organisms.

Coral reefs are similar to rock in all respects, but they are created by simple invertebrates coral polyps. This, however, does not make corals (and their colonies - reefs) living objects: polyps are living organisms, after the death of which a calcareous (sometimes organic) skeleton remains, forming the coral. Polyps that feed, reproduce, develop and die are living nature, while coral is non-living.

In natural history classes, children are asked what belongs to objects of inanimate nature: the sun - yes, a tree - no, the Moon - an inanimate body, the GLONASS satellite - an artificial object, water - yes, a stump - ... There are problems with the stump: it seems to almost a tree, but at the same time it feeds, breathes and reproduces somehow completely imperceptibly (and when new shoots appear, it seems that it is no longer a stump, but a tree again). Dead stump, dried - lifeless body, fresh - crippled living tree. Mushrooms, although not plants, are also alive, flowers in a flower bed are alive, flowers in a vase are dying, and in a herbarium they are inanimate.

As we see, there are intermediate states of objects between living and nonliving matter: the functioning of the body after death is no longer possible, but individual cells and tissues are still alive. But plant seeds exhibit all the properties inanimate bodies: their metabolism is extremely slow, they do not react to irritants, and do not reproduce (for example, in a bag in the refrigerator). Many plants look dead in winter. This is called condition hidden life, and differs from the dead in that in favorable conditions the body comes to life.