The initial speed of the TT combat bullet. TT pistols and their foreign-made analogues

Pistol arr. 1933(TT, Tula, Tokareva, GRAU Index - 56-A-132) - first army self-loading pistol USSR, developed in 1930 by Soviet designer Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev.

TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS TOKAREV PISTOL REV. 1933
Manufacturer:	Tula Arms Factory
Cartridge:	7.62×25 mm TT
Caliber:	7.62 mm
Weight without cartridges:	0.854 kg
Weight with cartridges:	0.94 kg
Length:	195 mm
Barrel length:	116 mm
Number of rifling in the barrel:	4
Height:	130 mm
Trigger mechanism (trigger):	Trigger, single action
Operating principle:	Barrel recoil during short stroke
Fuse:	Trigger safety cock
Aim:	Front sight and fixed rear sight with sighting slot
Effective range:	50 m
Initial bullet speed:	450 m/s
Type of ammunition:	Detachable magazine
Number of cartridges:	8
Years of production:	1930–1955

History of creation and production

The TT pistol was developed for the 1929 competition for a new army pistol, announced to replace the Nagan revolver and several models of foreign-made revolvers and pistols that were in service with the Red Army by the mid-1920s. The German 7.63×25 mm Mauser cartridge was adopted as a standard cartridge, which was purchased in significant quantities for the Mauser S-96 pistols in service.

The competition commission, headed by M. F. Grushetsky, considered the pistol designed by F. V. Tokarev the most suitable for adoption, provided that the identified shortcomings were eliminated. The commission's requirements included improving shooting accuracy, easing the trigger pull, and making it safer to handle. After several months of work, the shortcomings were eliminated. On December 23, 1930, a decision was made to carry out additional tests.

Based on the test results, the TT pistol, created by a design team led by F.V. Tokarev at the design bureau of the Tula Arms Plant, won the competition. On February 12, 1931, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR ordered the first batch of 1000 pistols for comprehensive military testing. In the same year, the Tokarev pistol was put into service under the official designation “7.62 mm self-loading pistol mod. 1930" together with the 7.62x25 cartridge. The pistol, called TT ( Tula Tokareva) was simple and technologically advanced in production and operation.

Pistol TT arr. 1933

At the same time, the USSR bought a license for the production of the cartridge from the German company Mauser and began production under the designation “7.62 mm pistol cartridge “P” mod. 1930" .

Several thousand copies were produced in 1930-1932. In order to improve the manufacturability of production, in 1932-1933. the weapon was modernized: the barrel lugs were not milled, but were turned; the frame was made in one piece, without a removable handle cover; The disconnector and trigger rod were modified. At the beginning of 1934 new gun was put into service under the name “7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1933.”

In November-December 1941, the equipment for the production of TT was moved to Izhevsk. During 1942, Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant No. 74 managed to produce 161,485 Tokarev pistols. Also in 1942, Izhevsk Plant No. 74 produced a small batch of Tokarev pistol with a two-row magazine for 15 rounds. The thickness of the handle was 42 mm (versus 30.5 mm for the standard TT). The magazine latch was moved to the base of the handle.

In 1947, the TT was again modified in order to reduce its cost: large vertical grooves, alternating with small grooves on the bolt casing for convenient retraction of the bolt, were replaced with small grooves (corrugation).

Options and modifications:

Design and operating principle

The TT pistol combines design features various systems: J. M. Browning's bore locking pattern as used in the famous Colt M1911, the Browning M1903 design, and a cartridge originally developed for the Mauser C96 pistol.

According to some experts, when developing the design of the pistol, it was initially planned to completely copy the design of a modified Browning pistol with a removable trigger mechanism. However, during the work process, the designers abandoned complete copying due to the lack of a technological base for producing a complete copy of the original. It was necessary to reduce production costs by simplifying the design.

At the same time, the pistol has original design solutions aimed at ease of handling of the weapon: combining the trigger mechanism in a separate single block block, which, when disassembling the weapon, is freely separated from the frame for cleaning and lubrication; placement of the mainspring in the trigger, which reduced the longitudinal width of the handle; fastening the cheeks of the handle with the help of rotating bars attached to them, which simplified the disassembly of the pistol, the absence of a safety mechanism - its function was performed by the safety cocking of the hammer.

TT pistol, incomplete disassembly.

Browning's scheme for locking the barrel bore with a short stroke and a swinging lug, an automatic operating system, as well as a trigger, borrowed from Colt pistol M1911, were modified to simplify production.

Single action trigger. The impact mechanism is made as a single unit, which simplifies factory assembly. (Several years later, Swiss gunsmith Charles Petter used the same arrangement in the French Model 1935 pistol).

The pistol does not have a safety as a separate part; its functions are performed by the safety cocking of the hammer. To set the trigger to the safety cock, you need to pull the trigger back a little. After this, the trigger and bolt will be locked, and the trigger will not touch the firing pin. This eliminates the possibility of a shot if the gun is dropped or the trigger head is accidentally hit. To remove the hammer from the safety cock, you need to cock the hammer. To put the cocked hammer on the safety cock, it must first be released by holding it and pressing the trigger. And then you need to pull the trigger back a little.

Carrying a pistol with a cartridge in the chamber with the trigger pulled is not recommended and does not make sense, since in order to fire a shot, the trigger must be cocked in the same way as the hammer set to the safety cock.

TT pistol in a holster.

On the left side of the frame there is a shutter stop lever. When the magazine is used up, the bolt is delayed in the rear position. To remove the shutter from the delay, you need to lower the slide stop lever.

The magazine holds 8 rounds. The magazine release button is located on the left side of the grip, at the base of the trigger guard, similar to the Colt M1911.

When shooting at 50 m, hits in each of 10 series of 10 shots are placed in a circle with a radius of 150 mm.

Sights consist of a front sight, integral with the bolt, and a rear sight, pressed into a dovetail groove in the rear of the bolt. The cheeks of the handle were made of bakelite or (during the war) of wood (walnut).

Advantages and disadvantages

The TT pistol is distinguished by its simplicity of design and, therefore, low production costs and ease of maintenance. A very powerful cartridge, atypical for pistols, provides unusually high penetrating power and muzzle energy of about 500 J. The pistol has a short, light trigger and provides significant shooting accuracy; an experienced shooter is able to hit a target at distances of more than 50 meters. The pistol is flat and quite compact, which is convenient for concealed carry. However, during operation, shortcomings also appeared.

Before the Great Patriotic War The military demanded that the pistol be able to fire through the embrasures of the tank. TT did not satisfy this condition. Many experts consider this requirement absurd. However, nothing prevented the Germans from making such a requirement for their weapons: Luger P08, Walther P38 and even MP 38/40 fully satisfied it.

Without a safety lock, the TT was placed in a safe position by the so-called half-cocked hammer, which made it difficult to bring the pistol into the firing position. There were involuntary cases of self-inflicted gunfire, one of which was described by Yuri Nikulin in the book “Almost Seriously.” Ultimately, the Charter directly prohibited carrying a pistol with a cartridge in the chamber, which further increased the time it took to bring the pistol into combat-ready condition.

Another drawback is the poor fixation of the magazine, which leads to its spontaneous falling out.

The mainspring, placed in the trigger cavity, has low survivability.

The ergonomics of the TT raises many complaints compared to other designs. The angle of inclination of the handle is small, its shape is not conducive to comfortable holding of the weapon.

The TT pistol is distinguished by its flat trajectory and high penetrating effect of a pointed bullet, which is capable of piercing an army helmet or light body armor. The penetrating effect of a TT bullet exceeds the penetrating effect of a 9x19 mm cartridge bullet (a “7.62 P” bullet with a lead core, after being fired from a TT pistol, penetrates class I body armor, but does not penetrate class II body armor even when shot at point-blank range. At the same time, , the stopping effect of a 7.62 mm TT bullet is inferior to that of a 9x19 mm cartridge bullet.

Operation and combat use

During the period 1930-1945:

Video

Shooting from a TT, handling weapons, etc.:

TT pistol.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the TT mod. 1933
USM - single action
Caliber, mm - 7.62x25mm TT
Length, mm - 195
Height, mm - 120
Width, mm - 28
Barrel length, mm - 116
Rifling - 4, right-handed
Rifling pitch, mm - 240
Weight without cartridges, g - 825
Weight with cartridges, g - 910
Magazine capacity, cartridge. - 8
Rate of fire, v/m - 30
Initial bullet speed, m/s - 420
Sighting range, m - 30-50
Trigger force when firing from combat cocking, N, no more than - 21

The TT pistol (Tula Tokarev, GRAU Index - 56-A-132) is a self-loading pistol developed in 1930 by a Soviet designer.

The TT pistol was developed as a result of tests carried out since the mid-1920s. with the aim of creating a modern semi-automatic weapon, which was supposed to replace the outdated revolver and a number of foreign semi-automatic models. One of the most popular foreign models was the then famous Mauser S-96. In the 1920s he shopped at large quantities, and the Red Army appreciated its powerful 7.63 mm cartridge. It was decided to create our own model for this ammunition.

Several pistols from different designers were tested, and in the end the choice fell on the model of gunsmith Fedor Tokarev. In 1930-32 Several thousand copies were produced, but field tests revealed a number of shortcomings. Tokarev made the necessary changes to the design, and at the beginning of 1934 the pistol was put into service under the name TT-33 (7.62mm Tokarev self-loading pistol of the 1933 model).

Like the previous model, the TT-33 was in many ways reminiscent of the American M1911 Colt self-loading pistol with its use of recoil energy and a lowering breech, but the TT-33 was still not just a copy: for example, the hammer, mainspring and other components were combined into a module that could be removed through the back of the handle. In addition, some other changes were made (for example, the locking lugs were made around the entire barrel, and not just on top).

Due to this we simplified production process and servicing the pistol in the field. In addition, the length of the side walls of the magazine, which now entered the chamber, was increased, thereby reducing the likelihood of a cartridge being delayed in the event of slight deformation of the magazine. The result was a practical and durable weapon, which, like other worthy examples Soviet weapons, operated reliably even in the most difficult conditions.

It was produced in ever-increasing quantities until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. By June 22, 1941, about 600 thousand TT-33s entered service with the Red Army. During the war years, production increased even more.

In 1938–39, work was carried out to adopt more than modern pistol, however, due to the outbreak of war they were not completed. In 1942, a TT version with a double-row high-capacity magazine was created, but not mass-produced.

In World War II, the Germans actively used captured weapons, including pistols captured from Soviet arsenals in initial period war. TT-30 and TT-33 were sent to armament of German army units and units, as well as to ground units of the Air Force under the designation “Pistole 615 (R)”. The use of captured pistols was explained by the fact that the Soviet 7.62 mm cartridge mod. 1930 type P was almost identical to the German one, which in turn could be used in two types of Soviet pistols.

By 1945, the TT-33 had almost completely replaced the Nagant revolver in service with combat units of the Red Army. As Soviet influence spread, the distribution and production area of the TT pistol expanded.

In 1946, the TT was slightly modified, which reduced its cost. External difference post-war samples was that they had fine corrugation applied to the shutter casing instead of the vertical semicircular grooves of the pre-war ones. Production of the pistol in the USSR continued until approximately 1952, when it was adopted for service.

However, TT continued to be used in Soviet Army until the 1960s, and in the police until the 1970s. In total, approximately 1,700,000 TT pistols were produced in the USSR.

In addition, in the late 1940s - 1950s, the USSR transferred documentation and licenses for the production of TT to a number of allied countries, namely Hungary, China, Romania, North Korea, Yugoslavia. In these countries, TT pistols were produced both for the armed forces and for export and commercial sale.

On its basis, various models were created, which were essentially copies. Thus, Poland produced the TT-33 for its own needs and export to the GDR and Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia produced a pistol for itself and other countries under the designation M65, in China the pistol was produced under the designation “type 51”, and in North Korea it was called M68.

The most thoughtful approach to copying was in Hungary, where they made several changes to the design and remade it for the 9-mm Parabellum cartridge. The result was designated the Model 48, and the export version for the Egyptian police was Tikagipt.

Export versions could have a different caliber, as well as a non-automatic fuse of one design or another. In China and Yugoslavia, TT-based pistols are still produced.

In the 90s, the TT became popular among killers. He is given several basic explanations: the power of the cartridge, which allows the bullet to easily penetrate barriers and light body armor, as well as the cheapness and ease of acquisition (on the black market for weapons in large quantities TTs stolen from military warehouses of countries were present former USSR), which allowed the pistol to be used once without significant expense and abandoned at the scene of a crime, thus avoiding the risk of being detained with the weapon and the presentation of evidence associated with its previous use. In addition, the vast majority of TT pistols did not have fired samples in the bullet case collection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which significantly complicated the conduct of operational search activities in the event of crimes being committed.

The TT used a short-stroke recoil barrel. The Browning swing-ear system, derived from the Colt M1911 pistol, was modified to simplify production. The trigger mechanism did not have a manual safety. An unwanted shot was prevented only by a disconnector and a cutout for setting the trigger to the safety cock.

A single-action trigger trigger with an open hammer is designed as a separate, easily removable module to simplify incomplete assembly and disassembly. A few years later, Swiss gunsmith Charles Petter used the same design in the French Model 1935 pistol. The steel magazine contained 8 rounds. The pistol does not have any special safety devices; only pre-cocking is provided. The advantages of the pistol are its simple and reliable design and a powerful high-velocity cartridge, which provides relatively high accuracy and effective firing range, as well as the penetrating effect of the bullet.

The fixed front sights were zeroed at the factory for a shooting distance of 25 meters. Accuracy of shooting from a pistol is ensured by the low location of the bore axis in relation to the handle to reduce the recoil shoulder, reduce the recoil speed due to the use of a massive bolt casing, and also by bringing the center of gravity of the weapon closer to the handle.

The cheeks of the handle are plastic or (during the war years) wooden, with large vertical corrugations. At the bottom of the handle there is a swivel for a pistol belt. The cartridges are fed from detachable single-row box magazines with a capacity of 8 cartridges. The magazine release is a push-button type and is located at the base of the trigger guard on the left.

TT is distinguished by its simplicity of design and, therefore, low production costs and ease of maintenance.

It has high bullet penetration (pierces a steel helmet from 50 m), significant bullet kinetic energy (slightly less than 500 J) with a flat trajectory, and effective accuracy sufficient for such a weapon. The TT is a flat pistol, convenient to carry, including concealed. However, during operation, shortcomings also appeared.

A serious drawback is the lack of a full fuse. Because of this, numerous accidents occurred, and even in the “Investigator’s Handbook” there was a chapter in which a typical “crossbow” TT was considered from a blow (in order to distinguish a truly accidental incident from one staged by a criminal). Unfortunately, after this mass of accidents due to the fall of a loaded pistol, the Ministry of Internal Affairs ordered it forbidden to carry a pistol with a cartridge in the chamber.

Another drawback is poor magazine retention, which in combat conditions often led to the shooter being disarmed. The ergonomics of the TT raises many complaints compared to more modern designs. The angle of inclination of the handle is small, the cheeks of the handle are thick and rough.

Some authors believe that a bullet fired from a TT pistol does not have sufficient stopping power due to its high speed and relatively small diameter. Others believe that the term “stopping effect” itself has no meaning, and the severity of the wounds inflicted by the TT is quite sufficient to defeat the enemy.

However, when shooting indoors, you should remember about the possible ricochet, and in urban conditions - about the high flatness of the ammunition, which can create unnecessary problems if the rule “before shooting, clearly see the situation in front of and behind the target” is violated. The shortcomings of the standard TT cartridge can be partially compensated for by cartridges with expansive (that is, opening like a flower when hitting the target) bullets. But such cartridges are prohibited for military use, and in some countries, for self-defense.

Due to the specified negative factors TT is not suitable as a modern weapons self-defense and police weapons.

Interaction of parts and mechanisms during shooting

In the initial position, the loaded magazine is inserted into the pistol handle, the trigger is on the safety cock. To fire the first shot, the hammer is cocked, the bolt is retracted to the rearmost position and sharply released.

Under the action of the return spring, the bolt moves forward, captures and advances the cartridge into the chamber, engages with the barrel and locks the barrel in the forward extreme position. The pistol is ready for the first shot.

When you press the trigger, the trigger rod presses on the protrusion of the sear and turns it, causing disengagement from the trigger, which, under the action of the mainspring, turns and hits the firing pin - a shot occurs. The resulting powder gases, acting on the bottom of the cartridge case, cause the bolt to roll back. The barrel, held by the protrusions in the grooves, moves along with the bolt, gradually lowering down under the action of the earring.

By the time the pressure of the powder gases drops to a safe value, the movable coupled bolt-barrel system will have passed about three millimeters, and the barrel will disengage with the bolt. Having walked a little further forward and dropped down, he hits the frame of the pistol and stops. The bolt, together with the sleeve held by the ejector in the front cup, continues to move backward. When it encounters a reflector, the sleeve is ejected. The hammer is cocked and goes behind the combat cock.

At the same time, the shutter, with its bevel, recesses the disconnector, thereby disengaging the sear and the trigger rod. The sear, turning freely, goes behind the combat cock and holds the hammer in the cocked position. The next shot is possible only after pressing the trigger again. The shot will fire only after the barrel is completely locked, when the disconnector can rise into the corresponding recess of the bolt and allow the trigger rod to move in front of the sear.

Operation of the TT pistol mechanisms at the moment of firing

When the bolt moves forward, it grabs the top cartridge from the magazine and sends it into the chamber. To direct the cartridge into the chamber, use the bevels of the front fork of the firing mechanism block and the bevel on the breech end of the barrel bore.

As the bolt approaches the barrel, they begin to move together and rotate the breech until the lugs fully engage. When the movable bolt-barrel system is in the extreme forward position, the disconnector rises into the bolt recess, allowing the trigger rod to engage the sear. The pistol is ready for the next shot.

The pistol does not have a hand-operated safety or decocking lever. To prevent accidental firing, the trigger has a safety cock. The trigger is placed in the safety position by turning it a few degrees. In this case, the sear tooth will jump behind the safety cock of the trigger.

In this state, it is impossible to press the shutter and cock the shutter. When setting the hammer to the safety cock from the cocked position, it is necessary to hold the trigger, press the trigger and smoothly return the hammer to the uncocked position and, releasing the hammer, smoothly cock it again until it is set to the safety cock.

Soviet post-war TTs

To this day, the TT pistol of post-war production is in service with military personnel units and irregular formations in some CIS countries.

The service life of these pistols, produced in the forties and fifties, has long been exhausted, so they are extremely unreliable. Common defect? misalignment of the cartridge and its sticking.

Previously, standard army pistols were used for sports shooting, since, according to the conditions of the competition, design changes and modifications were not allowed. On the basis of the TT pistol, designer Sevryugin created two models of sports pistols in the fifties: R-3 and R-4. The R-3 pistol had a blowback action and fired 5.6 mm cartridges.

For the R-4 model, an attached holster was developed - a butt, which was attached to the back of the handle. In most cases, the shooters “refined” the force on the trigger, equal to one and a half kilograms, as allowed by the competition rules.

The use of a stock when firing from the R-4 allows for fairly high fire efficiency at distances significantly exceeding the usual 25-50 meters provided for personal weapons.

TT has become widespread in foreign countries. In the early nineties, this pistol returned home again: thousands of TTs, mostly made in China, poured into the Russian arms market like an avalanche.

Table of excess (decrease) of the average trajectory when shooting from a pistol, normalized for normal combat at 25 m.
Distance, m	Excess (decrease), cm		Radius of a circle centered at the containing STP
	With an excess of the average point of impact (STP) 12.5 cm above the aiming point	With combination of STP with the aiming point	100% holes (R100), cm	50% holes (R50), cm
10	+5,4	+0,4	3,5	2,0
15	+8,0	+0,5	5,0	3,0
20	+10,4	+0,3	6,5	4,0
25	+12,5	0	7,5	4,5
30	+14,7	- 0,3	9,0	6,0
40	+18,7	- 1,3	12,0	7,0
50	+21,8	- 3,2	16,0	8,0

Notes on the table.
The “+” sign indicates an excess of the trajectory above the aiming point, and the “-” sign indicates a decrease.

Traumatic version

Based on the pistol, there are its traumatic variants called TT-Leader and MP-81, supplied to the civilian market as self-defense weapons.

Disassembling and assembling the TT pistol

Self-loading pistols are products of fine mechanics and technology. To ensure reliable operation, you need to know their structure and be able to recognize the first signs of an impending technical illness. An important and mandatory step in this direction is to master the skills of disassembling and assembling weapons. Disassembly of the pistol is divided into incomplete (partial) and complete.

Partial disassembly is carried out for the purpose of maintenance of the gun, its inspection and lubrication. Complete disassembly is required much less frequently, but it is required in cases where the pistol has been in special conditions - it fell into water, fell into the mud, long time was in various environments of increased aggressiveness.

The first necessary rule for performing this operation is to choose a clean and comfortable place. A smooth table, a wide bench, and even bedding are best suited for this. During complete disassembly, it is necessary to maintain accuracy and order: place parts and mechanisms in the sequence of disassembly, handle them carefully, and avoid sharp impacts. When assembling, pay attention to the numbering of parts - confusion with parts of other pistols, even of the same system, is unacceptable.

Incomplete disassembly

1. By pressing the magazine release button, remove the magazine from the pistol handle (Fig. 1).
2. Remove the pistol from the safety cock by cocking the hammer (Fig. 2) and pulling the bolt back
and check if there is a cartridge in the chamber (Fig. 3).
3. Release the bolt and smoothly pull the trigger.
4. Remove the slide stop: why use the end of the magazine cover
push the bolt stop spring back and push it back by the protrusion so that it releases the bolt stop axis (Fig. 4) (do not remove the spring, but leave it on the stand), then,
by pressing on the protruding part of the shutter stop axis, remove it from the frame (Fig. 5).
5. Remove the bolt and barrel by holding the return
press the spring to move the shutter forward along the grooves of the frame.
6. Remove the return spring along with the guide rod and tip from the valve (Fig. 6).
7. Turn the guide sleeve 180° and pull it forward on the bolt (Fig. 7).
8. Rotate the bolt so that the supporting protrusions of the bolt come out of the annular grooves of the barrel
and the trunk moved forward somewhat; tilt the earring forward and remove the barrel (Fig. 8).
9. Remove the firing mechanism block (Fig. 9).
The practice of operating the pistol has made its own adjustments to the procedure for disassembling and assembling the pistol.
Thus, to avoid deformation of the return spring during disassembly, before separating the bolt stop, the guide sleeve is usually separated, for which the tip of the return mechanism is recessed with a ramrod (Fig. 10), the guide sleeve is rotated 180° and removed from the barrel (Fig. 7), and the held by hand, the return mechanism is slowly unloaded (Fig. 11).
After this, the release of the bolt stop occurs without the slightest effort.
Partial disassembly of the pistol is completed.

The pistol is reassembled in the reverse order.
To connect the barrel to the bolt, the barrel must be inserted into the bolt, tilting the earring back. When installing the bolt on the frame, the trigger block should be recessed so that it does not interfere with the free movement of the bolt. To attach the bolt stop, move the bolt back a little so that the hole in the barrel mount aligns with the hole in the frame.

Before complete disassembly, it is necessary to partially disassemble the gun. Further disassembly is carried out as follows:
Disassemble the trigger block:
1. Pull the trigger back, knock out the sear axis and remove the sear and disconnector.
2. Using the disconnector rod, push out the trigger axis and separate it along with the spring. It is necessary to hold the spring and ensure that it does not fly out when the load is released.
Disassemble the frame:
1. With a long pen USM pads, turn the tail of the fastening bar of the left cheek and, pressing on it from the inside, separate it. Repeat the same with the right cheek.
2. Push the cover catch upward and, pressing from the inside, separate the release spring and latch from the cover.
3. By pressing the split head of the magazine latch pin, push it out of the base and frame. Separate the base from the frame and remove the magazine latch spring from the pin.
4. Remove the trigger from the frame socket, moving it forward.
Disassemble the return spring:
1. Separate the guide rod from the return spring.
2. Separate the tip from the return spring by turning it in different directions.
1 – drummer,
2 – hammer spring,
3 – split axle." rel="lightbox"> Disassemble the shutter:
1. Knock out the striker pin and remove the striker with the spring.
2. Repeat a similar operation with the ejector.
Disassemble the store:
1. Press the pointed end of a match or pin into the magazine cover delay, move it forward and, holding the delay with the spring, remove the cover.
2. Remove the spring with the feeder.
Complete disassembly of the pistol is completed.

1. Shop. 2. Shutter stop.
3. The bolt with sights, ejector and firing pin and their springs.
4. Return mechanism (spring, guide rod and tip).
5. Barrel with earring. 6. Guide sleeve.
7. Shoe of the firing mechanism with the hammer, mainspring, sear and its spring and disconnector.
8. Frame with trigger spring, magazine latch and cheeks" rel="lightbox"> Reassemble the pistol after complete disassembly in the reverse order. When assembling the magazine, after inserting the feed spring, a delay is applied to it with the bent end outward and forward.

By pressing it, the delay should be recessed flush with the bottom edge of the magazine and, holding it in this position, slide the lid onto the magazine. After assembly, it is necessary to check the functionality of the gun.

The operation of a new pistol must begin with careful removal of the conservation lubricant, disassembling all detachable connections of the pistol parts and especially removing it from the firing pin channel, otherwise negative temperatures this will lead to misfires,
- the pistol's service life exceeds 6,000 shots at the most intense firing mode (96 shots in a row - 12 loaded magazines, and subsequent cooling in water or air to ambient temperature);
- the barrel channels of TT pistols are not chrome-plated, so it should special attention pay attention to cleaning them to avoid corrosion;
- it is prohibited to perform idle trigger releases without a training cartridge or a spent cartridge case in the chamber in order to avoid breaking the split axis of the firing pin; release the hammer from the cocking position smoothly, while holding it.

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The concept of “modern” in relation to short-barreled weapons is quite relative, since the main design solutions used in pistols and revolvers were born more than 100 years ago, and everything that has been done during this time is nothing more than cosmetic improvements classical schemes. Such weapons require a high density of fire in a short period of time and the possibility of increased maneuverability. Therefore, it is not surprising that, along with modern and ultra-modern models, models developed at the beginning of the 20th century are still used in practice.

Such an example is the TT (Tula, Tokarev) pistol of the 1930 model, which has earned the reputation of a reliable and easy-to-handle weapon among the troops. The TT pistol, of course, has not been officially in service for a long time, but this does not mean that it cannot be used, especially since such weapons are in great use in the criminal environment. Therefore, this weapon is quite suitable for some special operations(this is not speculation, but real facts). It even has two advantages - it is flat in size, allowing for concealed carrying quite powerful weapons and high penetration power of the bullet, especially with steel core, against which most soft body armor for concealed wear are powerless.

The design is not without originality: a convenient location of the trigger mechanism in a separate block, a mainspring located in the trigger. Everything else - the lack of self-cocking and a fuse, the small capacity of the magazine, some unreliability of the design - can easily be attributed to the disadvantages of the TT, but these conclusions are drawn based on modern requirements. Due to the powerful cartridge, the pistol uses an automatic system with a short barrel stroke. Due to a number of shortcomings, the pistol should have actually been withdrawn from service, since it lost the competition to Vojvodina’s pistol, but this was prevented by the outbreak of the war, in which the TT won its glory, which has not faded to this day.

Many can say that the reason for this fame is the lack of real information about foreign models, the impossibility of comparing them and Soviet propaganda that domestic weapons- the best in the world, but this is not at all true. What would, for example, the American M-60 machine gun be worth if it had not been promoted during the Vietnam War? The Americans themselves, who are very fond of giving names to any weapon, called it “Pig”.

Now the TT pistol has worldwide fame. There is no doubt that if he had not been good weapon, then it would not still be in service in many countries of the world and would not occupy a worthy place next to the Kalashnikov assault rifle and the Stechkin pistol in big family the best small arms USSR and Russia.

As a big fan of Soviet and Russian weapons, I would like to say a few words about attempts to belittle the characteristics and capabilities of our weapons and elevate American and European weapons.

Such attempts take place even where the advantages of our weapons are undeniable, for example, in military aircraft construction. Having visited MAKS-2003, I was surprised to find that during the F-15 demonstration flight, the characteristics and capabilities of this aircraft were commented on by one person, and the flights of our pilots by another. I remember how the F-15 immediately took off into the sky, rushed at high speed in front of the public, making turns that would have done honor to a 3rd generation fighter, but not the 4th, which is usually classified as the F-15 and the same landed expressionlessly. Let's face it, the MiG-29 can do this too, and of course the Su-27, but these are already outdated aircraft. After the flight of the Su-30MKI with a variable thrust vector, everything fell into place: when the plane makes a Nesterov loop in one place in 1.5-2 seconds or passes by you at a minimum speed of 70 km/h, performs a bell or hovers in the air, like the helicopter, maintaining a horizontal position, and even in this position spins on the spot, you understand what APEROBATICS means. And in this case, any attempts to present the F-15 as a technological miracle will be untenable.

Another example of an attempt to promote the American “miracle of technology” is the F-22 Raptor. Probably, many remember how we showed in the news materials about the new ultra-stealthy fighter of the US Air Force. All its missiles are located in the fuselage, which, according to American engineers, increases its stealth. However, everything would be fine: both small size and invisible to radars (no one has ever run away from our air defense systems, an example is the S-75 air defense of Yugoslavia and the F-117 of the US Air Force, not to mention the S-300 and S-400), and the missiles are not on external slings, but there are only two missiles, and even those are of the air-to-air class. And such weapons are a weak argument for regular fighters even in Europe, not to mention Russia (12 suspension points on the Su-27). And the cost of one F-22 is off the charts at $200 million. The Americans even miscalculated the name. Indeed, with such weapons he can only catch mosquitoes and crush cockroaches (Raptor. Checked, no insects).

Now we see that even if such attempts are made in the military aircraft industry, what can we say about small arms, which are not so accessible? to an ordinary person, like a news announcement or a visit to an air show, where you can see our weapons in action with your own eyes. It can only be assessed by comparison, but it is unlikely that at any small arms exhibition, every visitor will be given plenty of opportunity to shoot with all types of pistols, machine guns, machine guns, not to mention grenade launchers and MANPADS.

I am not a supporter of the unconditional deification of our weapons, but I cannot tolerate it when some scribbler, for the sake of pleasure and for a reward or simply out of bias, tries to trample into the dirt something that all citizens of the country in which such weapons would be produced would be proud , as it was and is produced in our Russia. Unfortunately, some of us value our weapons when they are needed. It’s a pity to look at those soldiers who, when familiarizing themselves with foreign weapons, put aside their AK and lustfully pick up the M-16, just because an AK costs 3,000 rubles, and an M-16 - 30,000. It’s doubly offensive when you find out that in Vietnam, American soldiers ditched their M-16s and armed themselves with AK-47s captured from the Vietnamese.

The fact is that some lines of this article (device, description of the mechanism) were taken by me from one book, which I will not name due to my reluctance to create anti-advertising. But the rest of the content of the article in this book is belittling the merits of our TT and praising the American Colt. This is what made me write a few paragraphs. Now, if you want to learn more about the TT pistol, use the links below. Happy reading.

Performance characteristics
Year of manufacture 1930
Caliber, mm 7.62
Length, mm 195
Barrel length, mm 116
Height, mm 130
Weight without cartridges, kg 0.85
Weight with loaded magazine, kg 0.94
Magazine capacity, 8 rounds
Bullet flight speed, m/s 420
Fire rate, rounds/min 30
Sighting range, m 50

Design of the Tokarev TT pistol

During the Great Patriotic War, the TT pistol was the main personal weapon of officers and generals of the Soviet Army and was intended for close combat at distances of up to fifty meters.

The pistol is a self-loading short-barreled weapon in which the feeding and chambering of a cartridge into the chamber, locking and unlocking of the barrel, removal from the chamber and ejection of the spent cartridge case are carried out automatically. The automatic operation is based on the well-known Browning principle, in which the inertial mass of the recoil is formed by the bolt engaged with the barrel during a short stroke. The pistol is fired in single shots. The cartridges are fed from a flat box magazine located in the pistol grip. Among domestic and foreign pistols, the TT is distinguished by its high penetration ability and destructive power. These qualities are ensured by a powerful cartridge and a fairly long barrel length.

The pistol consists of the following parts and mechanisms:

The frame serves to connect all parts of the gun. It consists of the frame itself and the firing mechanism block. On the handle, the left and right cheeks are attached to the strips with special fastening parts. A magazine latch is attached between the handle and the trigger, which at the same time serves as a rearward travel limiter for the trigger.

The moving part of the pistol consists of a barrel with an earring, a bolt with a guide sleeve and a return spring.

The barrel has a boss, in the cutout of which the barrel earring is placed on the axis. When assembled, the bolt stop rod is inserted into the lower hole of the earring. In the middle part of the barrel there are two semi-circular cutouts for connection with the bolt protrusions when locking the barrel bore. When rolling back, the barrel rests against the bottom of the frame groove, and the guide sleeve with the bolt begins to slide along it.

The bolt is a crack mechanism for attaching a guide bushing with holes for the barrel (top) and for the tip of the return spring (bottom). The bolt contains a firing pin and an ejector, which are secured with pins. The shutter moves on the frame along its longitudinal projections. Rearward movement of the bolt is limited by the base of the recoil spring guide rod. When rolling forward, the forward movement of the bolt and barrel is limited by the stop of the earring against the wall of the barrel boss cutout, and the blow is perceived by the bolt stop rod.

The trigger mechanism consists of a trigger, a hammer with a spring, a sear with a spring, an axis and a disconnector. The disconnector, in addition, acts as a safety device against shots when the bolt is not fully locked, since it disconnects the clutch of the trigger rod with the sear if the bolt is in an incorrect position.

Sights designed for guiding aimed shooting, consist of a front sight and a rear sight. The rear sight is mounted in the bolt groove by punching. The pistol is zeroed at twenty-five meters.

The magazine holds eight rounds. Consists of a box, a feeder with a spring, a lid and an insert. The magazine has holes to indicate the number of rounds. It is inserted into the handle and fixed there with a latch that fits into a cutout on its right wall.

The shutter stop holds the shutter in the rear position and is located on the left side of the frame. The rod passes through the lower hole of the barrel earring and is fixed on the opposite side with a fork-shaped spring. After the cartridges are used up, the feeder, with its hook, presses on the bolt stop tooth, which, turning, stops the bolt in the rear position. To return the bolt forward, you must either press the ridge of the bolt stop blade, or separate the magazine and pull the bolt back and release.

Cartridges used for TT

The cartridge for the TT pistol is designated "7.62x25 mm". This is a generally accepted designation in Europe. The first number determines the caliber, the second - the length of the sleeve in millimeters. It should be noted that these parameters should not be taken literally, since in fact the rifling diameter of the bullet is larger than the caliber and is 7.85 mm, and the length of the cartridge case can range from 24.7 to 25.1 mm. Nevertheless, this designation quite specifically characterizes the cartridge. Other names for this cartridge may be found in the weapons literature: .30 “Mauser”; 7.62 mm "Tokarev"; 7.62 mm "Tok" and 7.63 mm "Mauser".

The TT cartridge has a number of differences from its “progenitor”: the requirement for maximum unification - the main principle of the Soviet military industry- led to the modification of the original Mauser cartridge. Instead of the Mauser caliber 7.63 mm, the Russian 7.62 mm was adopted, the primer was replaced with a revolver one, and for reliable removal of the cartridge case when firing from an automatic weapon, the groove on the cartridge case for hooking the ejector was enlarged.

A conventional cartridge when fired from a TT provides an initial bullet speed of about 420 meters per second. This is highest speed when firing conventional ammunition from pistols and revolvers. Such high speed provides a number of advantages: first of all, the bullet’s flight path is flat, which makes it easier to aim when shooting at long distances. Secondly, the high velocity of the bullet ensures reliable penetration of body armor and helmets.

Pre-war cartridges had a case made of brass and bullets with a lead core covered with clad steel. After 1951, the lead core of the bullet was replaced with a steel one, and to maintain the required mass, its length was increased to 16.5 mm.

Stopping and penetrating effect of TT

The humane principle of using any weapon is to quickly and reliably stop the enemy and deprive him of the opportunity to continue aggressive actions. This quality of a weapon is characterized, as they say among experts, by the “stopping effect of a bullet,” that is, the value that determines the time interval from the moment the bullet hits the body until the onset of shock and the loss of the wounded’s ability to resist. No one has yet been able to propose a reliable method for assessing the stopping effect, however, there are methods that allow one to determine with varying degrees of accuracy the suitability of a cartridge for solving this problem.

The stopping effect of a bullet depends not only on its caliber, flight speed and mass, but also on where on the human body it hits. Only when hit in the spine or brain is there a 100% chance of instantaneous incapacitation of the victim. In addition, the stopping effect directly depends on the depth of the wound channel, which, in turn, depends on the value of the specific energy and the design of the bullet. The concept of "bullet specific energy" is widely used in wound ballistics. It is equal kinetic energy bullet, divided by its cross-sectional area.

In 1935, American weapons expert General Yu Hatcher proposed a formula for calculating the relative stopping effect (RSE) of a bullet, which is still widely used today. It takes into account the design of the bullet, its speed and mass. According to this formula, a TT bullet has an OOD equal to 171. For comparison: the OOD value of bullets from 9x19 mm and 11.43 mm cartridges is 270 and 640, respectively.

The method for calculating the stopping effect, proposed by the French scientist Josserand, takes into account only the area of the bullet and its kinetic energy. Their product gives the stopping effect value. It is believed that an indicator of 15 already ensures that the enemy is incapacitated. For a TT bullet this figure is 25, for bullets of the 9x19mm and 11.43 mm cartridges - 32.7 and 44.1, respectively.

In the USSR, there was a two-fold approach to this issue: calculations were made either by the minimum required kinetic energy (80 J) or by the minimum required specific energy (1.5 J/mm2). Based on this, the 5.6 mm caliber (.22 Long Rifle) is already more than sufficient for using such a cartridge for self-defense. However, both methods did not involve quickly depriving the enemy of the possibility of resistance, but only inflicting damage on him, which sooner or later would not give him the opportunity to continue the fight. Indeed, if the enemy is located at a distance of several hundred meters from you, then it does not matter to you how long he will continue to be active - a couple of seconds or several minutes; anyway, he is unlikely to be able to respond with a more accurate shot after being wounded. But if the enemy is ten meters away, and in his hand he has a pistol or machine gun pointed at you, then every moment may be your last. Moreover, the value of specific energy is decisive only for the penetration ability of a bullet, but not for its stopping effect. For the same 5.6 mm caliber pistol, this value is higher than for an 11.43 mm caliber pistol, which has a muzzle kinetic energy five to six times greater.

Currently, it is generally accepted abroad that the minimum required depth of penetration of a bullet into body tissue should be at least 35 centimeters with the maximum possible diameter of the wound canal. The TT bullet fully satisfies this requirement. It is embedded in the material, which simulates soft human tissue in tests, to a depth of 60-70 centimeters. However, the second condition, namely the possibility of creating a wound channel of maximum diameter, is not satisfied by a 7.62mm full-shell bullet.

The most suitable cartridge, which has a high stopping effect and is used for self-defense, may be ammunition from the American company Magsafe. It provides deep penetration into tissue and produces an impressive dispersion of damaging elements. The bullet is a lightweight container with hundreds of pellets, enclosed in a Teflon shell, and accelerating when fired to a speed of 570-600 meters per second. The cartridge is quite expensive - three US dollars, but for good quality and reliability all over the world it is customary to pay accordingly. The lack of stopping power of a bullet can be overcome by using hand-loaded ammunition. The American company "Old Western Scrounger" offers semi-jacketed bullets of 7.62 mm caliber for the 7.63 mm Mauser cartridge - an analogue of Soviet ammunition, which, in their effect, are close to the bullets of the 9x19 mm cartridge.

There is no doubt that the appearance on the market of weapons chambered for the 7.62x25mm cartridge will push ammunition manufacturers to master the production of cartridges with expansive bullets. Cartridges with such bullets can put the TT pistol on a par with the world's best "manstoppers" (as in the USA it is customary to designate powerful pistol and revolver calibers. Literally translated as "manstopper"). But it would be better if this did not happen, since the TT cartridge with its high energy and expansive bullet would become extremely dangerous.

Small bullet caliber and high initial speed predetermine a high penetration effect: it can pierce right through a soldier’s helmet, a layer of water more than 120 centimeters thick, enter 35 centimeters into the sand, pierce a 15-centimeter pine beam and hit right through a large bear.

The Tokarev high-velocity cartridge has always posed a serious threat to police officers in many countries around the world. Policemen Royal Police In Hong Kong, before going on duty, they wear reinforced body armor of the third class A+, since they often encounter criminals armed with Chinese-made TT pistols. Many people call such body armor “Tokarevsky vest.” A bullet from a 10 mm "auto" caliber pistol, the muzzle energy of which is about 866 J (1.7 times higher than that of a Tokarev pistol), penetrates only half of the second class body armor - the "regular" vest in the US police, while the "tetash" bullet pierces right through him. The secret of such high penetrating power is that the specific load (an indicator characterizing the amount of kinetic energy per bullet area) of the 7.62 mm TETSH cartridge is almost twice as high as that of more powerful pistol cartridges, but with a 9-caliber 10 mm.

American shooters learned to use this feature of the TT cartridge when hunting, shooting from a Tokarev pistol at animals with thick skin. This bullet makes a clean hole with minimal tissue damage, not a cooked steak like most modern ammunition Magnum class.

The TT pistol (Tula Tokarev) is a bright page in the history of domestic short-barreled weapons. The design of the TT pistol is based on the barrel locking design proposed and implemented by John Browning in 1911. This design ensures that the cartridge is fed into the chamber, the barrel is locked and the spent cartridge is removed using automation based on recoil energy with a short barrel stroke. To implement this type of automation, the pistol barrel is not rigidly fixed to the frame, but makes a short (less than the length of the cartridge) movement back, and the bolt receives recoil energy, being engaged with the barrel for the duration of this movement.

The basis of the design is a frame, which is designed to connect the remaining parts of the gun to it.

The firing mechanism block, as well as the cheeks - right and left - are attached to it. The total length of the TT pistol is 195 mm, barrel length 116 mm, weapon height 130 mm, width 28 mm, weight of the TT pistol without cartridges is 854 grams, with a loaded magazine 940 grams.

Pistol TT (Tula Tokarev) has a firing mechanism, which includes a trigger, a hammer with a spring, a disconnector and a sear with a spring. The magazine latch is located between the frame handle and the trigger.
The moving parts of the pistol are the barrel, in the cutout of which the earring is attached, as well as the bolt with a return spring and bushing.

The barrel is connected to the frame using a movable earring, into the hole of which the bolt stop axis is inserted. The shutter has a crayon connection for attaching the return spring bushing. The bolt also contains a cartridge ejector and firing pin, which are secured with pins. The shutter is inserted into the frame along the longitudinal projections.

The sights of the TT pistol consist of a fixed front sight and rear sight, which is fixed in the groove of the bolt by punching. The target firing range of the TT pistol is 50 meters.

The TT pistol (Tula Tokarev) has a box-shaped single-row magazine, which is located in the handle. Magazine capacity: eight caliber rounds 7.62×25 TT. The magazine consists of a box, a spring, a feeder and a lid with an insert. The magazine is fixed in the handle with a latch that fits into its groove on the right wall.

The initial speed developed by a 7.62 mm TT cartridge bullet is 420 m/s.

The bolt stop is designed to hold the bolt in the rear position. It is located on the frame on the left side. Its rod passes through the holes of the frame and the barrel shackle and is fixed with a spring on the opposite side.

The interaction of the parts and mechanisms of the TT pistol after firing the shot is as follows. After the bullet receives kinetic energy, part of the reverse energy (recoil) is transferred to the barrel, and the permissible remaining part of the energy is transferred to the bolt. This is what ensures the reliability and durability of the automation.

The barrel is connected to the bolt by two rings on the barrel and grooves in the bolt body. Disengagement is carried out after passing a short stroke, by lowering the barrel with a rotary linkage.

Shutter during reverse compresses the return spring and, with the back of the protrusion, cocks the hammer, which is held by the sear. The lower side of the bolt is pressed by the disconnector protrusion, which removes the trigger rod from engagement with the sear, which allows you to fire a second single shot only after returning the trigger to its original position.

The TT trigger mechanism allows the pistol to be fired only in single shots. The pistol's rate of fire is 30 rounds per minute. In order to improve compactness, it was necessary to abandon the self-cocking trigger. There is also no fuse in the original design. It is partially replaced by the presence of a safety platoon.
When preparing for a shot, the following interaction of mechanisms occurs. The first cartridge is chambered manually by retracting the bolt while simultaneously cocking the hammer. To shoot the rest of the cartridges, just pull the trigger.

When moving forward, the bolt captures the upper cartridge with its lower protrusion and sends it into the chamber from a flat box magazine, which is located in the pistol grip. The cartridge is guided into the chamber using bevels at the cut of the barrel bore. When the bolt approaches the barrel, their mutual engagement occurs through the annular protrusions. In the extreme forward position, the disconnector falls into the bolt recess, which again allows the trigger rod to catch on the sear protrusion and fire a new shot when the trigger is pressed.

, hot spots in the post-Soviet space

Production history Constructor: F.V. Tokarev Designed by: 1930 (TT-30) Total released: about 1,700,000 Options: see options Characteristics Weight, kg: 0.854 (without ammo)
0.94 (curb) Length, mm: 195 Barrel length, mm: 116 Height, mm: 130 Cartridge: 7.62×25 mm TT Caliber, mm: 7,62 Operating principles: recoil with short barrel stroke Initial bullet speed, m/s: 420-450 Sighting range, m: 50 Type of ammunition: 8-round magazine Sight: open, unregulated Images on Wikimedia Commons: TT

TT pistol disassembled

Comparison of TT pistols of military and post-war production

Wartime TT pistol

Post-war TT pistol

Story

The competition commission headed by M.F. Grushetsky considered the pistol designed by F.V. Tokarev is the most suitable for adoption, provided that the identified shortcomings are eliminated. The commission's requirements included improving shooting accuracy, easing the trigger pull, and making it safer to handle. After several months of work, the shortcomings were eliminated. On December 23, 1930, a decision was made to carry out additional tests.

Based on the test results, the TT pistol, created by a design team led by F.V., won the competition. Tokarev in the design bureau of the Tula Arms Plant. On February 12, 1931, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR ordered the first batch of 1000 pistols for comprehensive military testing. In the same year, the Tokarev pistol was adopted by the Red Army under the official designation “7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1930" together with the 7.62x25 cartridge. The pistol, called TT (Tula Tokarev) was simple and technologically advanced in production and operation.

Several thousand copies were produced in 1930-1932. In order to improve the manufacturability of production, in 1932-1933. the weapon was modernized: the barrel lugs were not milled, but were turned; the frame was made in one piece, without a removable handle cover; The disconnector and trigger rod were modified. At the beginning of 1934, the new pistol was put into service under the name “7.62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1933.”

In 1942, production of TT began at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant.

Design

The TT pistol combines design features of various systems: the bore locking design of J. M. Browning, used in the famous Colt M1911, the Browning M1903 design, and a cartridge originally developed for the Mauser C96 pistol.

At the same time, the pistol has original design solutions: combining the trigger mechanism in a separate single block block, which, when disassembling the weapon, is freely separated from the frame for cleaning and lubrication; placement of the mainspring in the trigger, which reduced the longitudinal width of the handle; fastening the cheeks of the handle with the help of rotating bars attached to them, which simplified the disassembly of the pistol, the absence of a safety mechanism, the function of which was performed only by the safety cocking of the hammer.

The Browning oscillating bore locking design and trigger, borrowed from the Colt 1911 pistol, were modified to simplify production.

The TT used an automatic operating system with a short barrel stroke.

Single action trigger. The impact mechanism is made as a single unit, which simplifies assembly and disassembly. A few years later, Swiss gunsmith Charles Petter used the same arrangement in the French Model 1935 pistol.

The magazine holds 8 rounds. The magazine release button is located on the left side of the grip, at the base of the trigger guard, like the Colt M1911.

When shooting at 50 m, hits in each of 10 series of 10 shots are placed in a circle with a radius of 150 mm.

Sighting devices consist of a front sight, made integral with the bolt, and a rear sight, pressed into a groove of the " dovetail"at the rear of the bolt. The cheeks of the handle were made of bakelite or (during the war) of wood (walnut).

Advantages and disadvantages

.30 Mauser LLC - cartridge with a jacketless lead bullet from Old Western Scrounger (USA);
cartridge with an expansive bullet from Old Western Scrounger (USA);
7.62x25 mm Tokarev Magsafe Defender - a cartridge with a bullet of increased stopping power manufactured by "Magsafe" (USA)...

Some residents of the northern United States willingly buy the TT as an inexpensive effective remedy self-defense from large predators, primarily grizzly bears. In Canada, the TT is common as an inexpensive weapon for target shooting. .

Options and modifications

Pistols made in the USSR

Foreign-made pistols

"type 51"- army pistol, a copy of the Soviet TT.
"type 54"- an army pistol, a copy of the Soviet TT, was in service with the PRC army until 1971. Produced for export under the name M20.
"model 213" Norinco" chambered for 9x19 mm with an 8-round magazine.
"model 213A"- a commercial version produced by the Norinco company chambered for 9x19 mm cartridge with a magazine for 14 rounds.
"model 213B"- a commercial version produced by the Norinco company chambered for 9x19 mm, equipped with a non-automatic safety lock that blocks the trigger.