One of the goals of developing version 5.0 is to achieve a modern, simple and easy-to-use interface. To develop a new interface, various studies were carried out and statistics were collected on the work of users in the system. In this article we will try to take a closer look at the new and changed interface elements.

Ribbon

A new type of interface in GUI applications based on toolbars separated by tabs. The Ribbon was first used in Microsoft Office, and now well-known software products have adopted this approach. Enough for a long time the tapes took root in the minds and hearts of users around the world. It's safe to say that they have found their place and are now successfully replacing the usual main menus and toolbars.

In almost all forms of the DIRECTUM system, the main menu and toolbars are replaced with a ribbon. Accordingly, all buttons, actions and menu items have moved to the ribbon. Thanks to this, many users will discover many new and useful actions. No, we didn’t add these actions, we just placed them closer to the user. And by the way, the tape also appeared on the web.

What does the tape consist of?

And it consists of Tabs And Group, on which they are located actions: buttons, drop-down lists, checkboxes.

May appear on the tape Context tab. She appears when the need arises. For example, if you select a document in System Explorer, a tab will appear on the ribbon Document with a set of actions for working with documents. Contextual tabs are used in the system explorer, in task and task cards, and in the task tree.

For each type of object and its state, the set of actions on the context tab is different. Actions common to all types of objects are located on the main tab of the form.

Job Opportunities

Some actions that are now available on contextual tabs were previously only available in the cards of the objects themselves, for example, Start, Stop, Execute, For revision. These actions now support multiple executions. So, for example, from the system explorer, without opening the task card, it is now possible to complete at least a hundred tasks at a time with just a couple of clicks!

Help actions occupy a special place on the ribbon. There is a special button for them on the ribbon in the upper right corner. When you click on it, a drop-down list appears in which the user can: open help for the system, go to the community website, watch videos or information about the program.

Ribbons appeared where there was neither a main menu nor a toolbar - in document cards and directory entries. At the same time, ribbons will not appear by themselves in existing card forms. This requires the intervention of an application developer, whose task is not just to include the ribbon on the form, but also to ensure that the ribbon looks beautiful and harmonious.There will be a separate article about this in more detail.

Standard actions such as Add, Cancel, Save and so on. transferred to tape. There will no longer be them in the place familiar to users. But to"to smooth over the guilt" :) in front of users, we have placed many useful actions on the ribbon that previously could not be called from a record card or document. For example, now, without closing the card, you can conveniently go to related records, or search, send as an attachment to a task, or copy a link.

Quick Access Toolbar

A quick access panel has appeared on each form with a ribbon. It is designed to call frequently used commands. And in order to determine which action is used most often than others, we collected statistics on users’ work in the system.

Using the button in the upper left corner of all forms with a ribbon, the user can now choose from a list of actions that he would like to see on the panel.

The Quick Access Toolbar can be placed above or below the Ribbon.

Address bar

Address bar is a path through folders, all elements of which are hyperlinks. It allows you to quickly and conveniently navigate between system folders. Try it yourself; in terms of ease of use, it is not inferior to a regular folder tree, and its functions are similar to the address bar in Windows Explorer.

Next to the address bar there are navigation buttons and a quick search bar.

Together they provide convenient search and quick transition to the necessary system objects.

Context menus

Interface changes also affected context menus. Minor cosmetic repairs have been carried out:

• names of actions have been shortened context menu;
• Rarely used actions were removed and moved to the tape;
• the default action in the context menu is now highlighted in bold;
• Hotkey hints have been removed. Now they can only be viewed in the tooltip on the ribbon buttons;
• in the context menu of tasks, notifications and control tasks, only one of the paired actions is now displayed at one time. For example, either the item will be displayed Mark as read, or point Mark as unread;
• if the user does not have rights to sign documents of a certain type, then point Sign such documents will not be displayed in the context menu. Likewise, all actions related to deleting objects will be hidden if the user does not have delete privileges.

For comparison:

Badges

Particular attention was paid to replacing the icons of all actions and system components. They have acquired a new design and color. The display of all icons when working in large fonts has also been improved.

Changing the design of icons was aimed at providing a modern look, improving quality and operation in the system. After working for several days in the new system, the user will be able to quickly get used to the new icons and will no longer want to return to the old version. Tested from my own experience :)

Folder covers

It is now possible to configure “covers without content” – folders that do not have the ability to switch to content, but only the cover is available. To do this, a checkbox has been added to the folder cardShow cover only. Also added to the object model is the property IFolderInfo.ShowCoverOnly– a flag to display only the folder cover.

And

Support for editing the feed in application forms has been implemented. A more detailed description can be found, for example, in .

And of course, there is a preview of documents, tasks and assignments, but that’s another story. …

To be continued!

In the folder window, you can select either one object (by clicking on the icon) or group objects, i.e. several objects at once: To deselect objects, just click in an empty space of the folder window.

Working with folders and files.

Creating a folder

Creating a folder is the same as creating a directory to store your files. The folder can be created directly on the Desktop or at any level within the directory structure.

Creating a subfolder

To create a subfolder, follow these steps:

Moving and copying a folder or file

Moving and copying objects in Windows is done using:

1. clipboard,
2. by dragging the mouse,
3. special features.

Using the clipboard

To copy or move objects, you must perform the following sequence of actions:

Mouse drag

When dragging, you can use it like left, so right mouse buttons. You can drag objects from one folder to another, from a folder to the Desktop, or vice versa. The folder is moved or copied along with all its contents. An object can be moved and copied in closed folder. To do this, simply drag it with the mouse onto the folder icon and release it when the folder is highlighted (highlighted).

Using the right mouse button

When dragging an object right By clicking the mouse, a context menu appears in which you can select the desired command:

• copy,
• move,
• create shortcuts.

Using the left mouse button

• When dragging an item from folder to folder within one disk Windows moves an object.
• When dragging an item from a folder one disk to a folder another drive Windows copies an object.
• Always copies selected objects (a + icon appears when moving near the outline).
• Dragging with the left mouse button while holding down a key is always moves selected objects.

Using accessibility features

Windows XP has additional accessibility features for copying and moving objects without using the clipboard. To use them you need:

Renaming a folder or file

To rename an object, you must perform the following steps:

Deleting folders, files

Deleted objects are placed in a special folder on the Desktop - Cart, from where they can later be restored. You can delete either one object or a group of objects at once. The folder is deleted along with all its contents. To delete objects, you need to select an object or group of objects and do one of the following: Typically (this depends on the settings Baskets) For each object to be deleted, a deletion request is displayed. When an object is placed in Cart, it takes up disk space. To immediately erase a folder or file from a disk, you need to select it and press the key combination + . In this case, the object does not fit into Cart, and cannot be restored using standard Windows tools. Files deleted from removable media (floppy disk, flash memory), in Cart are not placed, but are immediately destroyed.

Computer generations

On the path of computer development, five generations of program-controlled computers can be distinguished, differing in their elemental base, design and technological design, logical organization and software.

Each generation is characterized by its elemental base, design and technological design, logical organization and software.

First generation. The first generation computers were created on the basis of vacuum tubes. Industrial production was mastered in the early 50s of the twentieth century. Computers were large, expensive and unreliable. Punched tapes and punched cards were used to input and output information. The software was missing.

Second generation. Second generation computers were created based on transistors. Their size and weight characteristics have significantly improved, and power consumption has decreased. Computers appeared to solve economic problems. Algorithmic languages ​​have received great development. Magnetic tapes and magnetic drums were used to store information.

Third generation. Computers are characterized by the widespread use of integrated circuits, which have replaced transistors and most discrete parts. Thanks to integrated circuits, it was possible to significantly improve the technical and operational characteristics of computers. Operating systems appeared that provided control of work in batch processing, time sharing, request-response and other modes.

Fourth generation. Computers of this generation are characterized by the use of large non-separable integrated circuits (LSI). A high degree of integration has contributed to an increase in the packaging density of electronic equipment, an increase in its reliability and performance, and a reduction in cost. The characteristics of the devices have been significantly improved. The RAM capacity increased to 64 MB, which made it possible to work in local and global networks, process photographs or videos.

The active element of the first generation of computers was the electron tube. In 1948, transistors appeared, which completely replaced vacuum tubes as computer elements, and in 1953 the period of the second generation of computers began. The third generation of computers (since 1962) is characterized by the widespread use of integrated circuits. An integrated circuit is a complete logical functional block that replaces a large number of transistors and other computer components. These components and the connections between them are formed in one crystal. The fourth generation began to be developed in 1970. Machines of this generation are characterized by the use of large integrated circuits (LSI). One LSI contains several thousand circuits equivalent to a separate integrated circuit.

The table shows generalized characteristics four generations COMPUTER.

RAM capacity is the number of words that are simultaneously stored in memory.

A word is usually 4 bytes. Byte - 8 bits. Bit - 1 binary digit that stores either the digit 0 or the digit 1.

The history of the first PC

In 1970, an integrated circuit was designed that was similar in functionality to a computer processor. This circuit was called a microprocessor.

In 1974, the first personal computer (PC) was created based on a microprocessor, which performed the same functions as an electronic computer, but was intended for one user.

3.4.PC design

Depending on the design, there are three types of PCs: desktop, notebook (laptop) and pocket.

Let's look at the main blocks of a desktop PC.

System unit. Inside system unit are located:

The system (motherboard) board, which houses the processor, RAM, cache memory, ROM and controllers for some devices;

Drives for floppy and hard magnetic disks;

Power unit;

Additional devices for input and output of information that can be located inside or outside the PC.

Keyboard.

Windows operating system

Basic information

The Windows operating system provides a large number of features and convenience to users and programmers due to its extremely user-friendly window-based Graphics User Interface (GUI).

In a GUI, each running program is assigned a window, which can occupy part of the screen or the entire screen. All GUI components are largely standardized. Almost every window contains a window title bar, elements for resizing it and moving it around the screen using the mouse. When working in a Windows environment, there are three types of windows. Some windows can be "collapsed" into pictograms (icons). There can be several windows on the screen at the same time, but at any given time only one of them is active (usually the title bar is highlighted in bright blue), and all other windows are inactive (the title bar is pale blue).

In 1992, Windows 3.1 appeared and from that moment on, Windows was officially called the operating system. Currently in use different versions Windows: Windows 95, Windows XP, Windows 98, Windows 2007 and others. The versions differ in their functionality.

Starting Windows

After loading and initializing the Windows operating system, the initial Windows window appears on the monitor screen, which is shown in the figure. At the bottom of the window is the Taskbar with the Start button. The entire remaining area of ​​the window is reserved for the Desk.

There are icons of objects on the Desktop. Each icon represents an application program, data file, or directory. Each object has its own context menu, which can be called up by right-clicking on the object.

The desktop is the most senior object in Windows. Windows programs, windows of processed documents, query windows, and so on are located on the Desktop.

Task bar

The taskbar has a special status; it does not obey the Windows object hierarchy

The taskbar is the most important object in the Windows GUI. When loading any Windows program, an icon (icon) corresponding to this program appears on the taskbar, which disappears when the program is terminated. The program icon remains in the taskbar bar if the program window is temporarily minimized. You can re-launch a “minimized” program by clicking on the icon. In addition, the taskbar may contain a clock, keyboard layout, and indicators for various modes.

By default, the taskbar is located at the bottom of the screen and Windows program windows do not overlap it, but the user can customize the taskbar to his liking: place it on any edge of the screen, make it pop-up, remove the clock, and so on.

Windows object context menus

The context menu of different objects contains different commands, but there are commands that are repeated in the context menu of any object.

Figure 4 shows the context menus of the following Windows objects.

First row from left to right:

Task bar;

Desktop.

Second row from left to right:

Windows program;

Document.

The Properties command window for different objects can contain different information and provide different options. Typically, the properties window for a directory or file displays information about the name, size, and creation date, and you can also change the object's attributes.

The context menu of the Desktop object allows you to change the background image, set of sounds, icons and other elements of the Desktop. All these changes can be made by selecting the Properties command in the Desktop context menu. For example, to change the Desktop wallpaper, open the Properties command, select the Desktop tab, and then select a wallpaper.

The context menu of the Taskbar object allows you to change the location of the Taskbar on the screen. In the context menu of the Taskbar, there is a checkbox in the line Dock the taskbar, which you should uncheck and then use the mouse to move the Taskbar to any side of the screen.

Main menu

On the Taskbar line there is a Start button, clicking which opens the Main menu of the Explorer shell. The main menu contains commands for accessing programs, documents, Windows Help, and so on. Among the main menu items there is a Programs item, when activated, a hierarchical menu of available application and utility programs opens. In the Programs menu there is an item Standard, Explorer, and so on (see figure).

Standard programs include the programs you selected when you installed Windows:

The Explorer window displays the hierarchical structure of files, directories and drives on your PC.

Conductor

Any directory can be opened in an Explorer window. You can open the Explorer window using the context menu command (Open) or click the mouse and place it on the Explorer directory.

Explorer simultaneously displays the contents of the current (that is, selected) directory and the structure of the entire directory tree, so it is more convenient for copying and moving files and directories by dragging and dropping with the mouse. Figure 5 shows the Explorer window. The window consists of two panels. The left panel displays objects (Desktop, My Documents, My Computer, disks, directories), and the right panel displays the contents of the current (selected) directory (folder). The "-" (minus) symbol to the left of the object icon means that all subdirectories registered in it are displayed in the left pane. A "+" (plus) symbol to the left of an object's icon means that the object has subdirectories, but they are not displayed in the left pane. If there is no sign to the left of the object icon, it means there are no subdirectories in it.

Types of windows

When working in a Windows environment, the following may appear on the screen: three type of windows:

Windows program window (Windows applications);

A secondary window, that is, a window that is created by a Windows program;

A prompt window, which is called a helper or dialog box.

Some window interface components are standardized for all types of windows, but there are components that are unique to a certain type of window.

Any window is a rectangle of a certain size.

You can resize only program windows and secondary windows; to do this, place the mouse pointer on one of the window borders (the mouse pointer turns into a double-sided arrow), press the left mouse button and, while holding it, move the border.

You can expand the window to full screen (or return it to its previous size) by double-clicking on the Title bar.

Windows program window components

Let's look at the components of the window interface using the Microsoft Word program as an example (see figure).

The top line of the window contains a title with the name of the program and the name of the document that is in this moment editable in the window. Until the document is saved in a file, it is called Document1. The title bar is used to move the window; by placing the mouse pointer on it and holding down the left mouse button, you can drag the window.

On the right side of the header there are three buttons: minimize to icon, minimize or maximize window, and close.

On the left side of the header there is a button with a program icon - a button for the system (or window) menu, the commands of which practically duplicate the actions of the buttons located on the right side of the header.

Below the title is the menu bar. To work with menu items, place the mouse pointer on the desired item and left-click, after which a list of commands for the selected item will open.

Legend, encountered when working with the menu:

Let's look at the window elements of Windows programs that can be added, removed, and moved in the window. Such elements are numerous toolbars, vertical and horizontal scroll lines, and the status bar.

Toolbars can be added in different ways, for example, by clicking on the View menu item, then selecting the Toolbars command and checking the boxes of the desired panels. In the figure below the menu bar, the Standard and Formatting toolbars have been added, and the Drawing and WordArt panels are “hung” in an arbitrary location in the window.

You can place a status bar at the bottom of the Windows program window.

The status bar usually displays information about the current state of the program and document, as well as various indicators.

You can place text scroll bars on the right and bottom sides of a Windows program window, which allow you to move around the document text on the screen using the mouse.

To add a status bar and scroll bars to the window, select the Tools menu item, then the Options command, open the View tab and check the status bar, horizontal and vertical scroll bars.

Window interface of programs from the Standard group

The figure shows the first two lines of the window interface of three Winlows programs: Paint, WordPad and Notepad.

The top of each window contains a title bar with the name of the program and the name of the document that is currently being edited in the window. The documents being edited have not yet been saved to a disk file.

Below the title is usually the program menu bar. The classic Windows program menu is a drop-down menu.

The presented programs are designed to edit some data, so the menu bar must have File and Edit items.

Each program allows you to access the Windows help system (Help item).

Secondary windows

Windows that are created by Windows programs are called secondary windows. For example, in the window Microsoft Excel secondary windows Book1, Book2 and so on open, secondary windows db1: database, db2: database and so on open in the Microsoft Access window. Secondary window components are different from program window components.

In the program window, the Title line displays the name of the program (Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access), and the Title line of secondary windows displays the name of the document (Book1, db1: database).

Secondary windows do not have a menu bar. In secondary windows, as in program windows, there are three buttons in the Title bar (minimize to icon, minimize/expand to window, close window), but the “minimize to icon” button places the secondary window icon at the bottom of the program window, and not in the taskbar line.

The Microsoft Word, WordPad, Paint and Notepad programs do not create a Title line in the open document window and the name of the document is displayed in the program Title line, for example: Document1-Microsoft Word, Document-WordPad, Unnamed-Paint, Untitled-Notepad.

Thus, the secondary windows of these programs do not have buttons to minimize to an icon, minimize/maximize a window, or close. The exception is the secondary window of the Microsoft Word program, which has its own close button (black cross) and is located under the close button of the Microsoft Word program.

Query windows

As the program runs, informational or warning messages may appear, or you may need to enter values ​​for some parameters. When such situations occur, Windows displays the appropriate prompt window (dialog boxes, auxiliary windows). The request can be simple (for example, informational) or complex with buttons, checkboxes, radio buttons, and fields. Query windows are always displayed on top of other windows. Further work is impossible until there is a response to the request and the request window is closed.

Query windows differ significantly in their components from other types of windows. As a rule, in the title bar (if there is a title) there is only one button - Close. Some requests have a system (window) menu button. The query window can be moved around the screen with the mouse, but the query window cannot be resized.

Simple queries

Simple queries usually display one or more buttons (see Figure 6).

The first request is two buttons, the second request is three buttons.

User actions - select one of the buttons and only after the request window closes can you continue working.

Some simple queries may display a button to access the directory.

Complex queries

In complex requests, in addition to buttons, other elements may be present (see table).

Figure 7 shows complex queries to demonstrate the types of fields that can be encountered in queries. Let's look at the queries (from top to bottom and left to right):

Fig.7

A checkbox field, in the request next to the inscription there is a square (empty or with a checkmark), the checkmark corresponds to the fact that the mode is enabled;

Switch field, in the request next to the inscription there is a circle (empty or with a dot), the dot corresponds to enabling the selected mode;

Text field for entering characters from the keyboard;

List possible values, you can select only one line in the list;

A drop-down list, only one value is shown in the field, and to the right of the value there is a button with a down arrow, which you need to click with the mouse to open the entire list.

In this lesson we will take a closer look at the functions of a very useful key that is found on any keyboard. This key is called the "Context Menu key". It is located in the lower right part of the keyboard between the ALT and CTRL keys

When you press this key, a CONTEXT MENU CALLS UP, exactly the same as if you pressed the RIGHT mouse button.

The trick of this button is that the menu called up when clicked will display functions (menu items) that can be applied in the current program, in the active window, on the desktop, etc. Those. This menu adapts to the process in which you are directly working, and this is very convenient.

Now let's take a closer look at the main options for displaying the context menu in different environments and functions that can be performed using this menu.



When you press the RIGHT mouse button or the “Context Menu” key on the Windows 7 desktop, a menu that looks like this appears:

1. At the very top of the menu - setting the parameters of your video card.
2. View - setting the display of icons on the desktop

3. Sorting - setting up sorting by displaying icons on the desktop

4. Refresh - refreshes the display of content on the Desktop.
5. Paste - if you copied something, you can paste it onto the Desktop.
6. Create. Here you can create on the Desktop: a folder, a shortcut, a text document, an archive, MS Office documents - Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc. (if installed)

7. Screen resolution. Here you can set the necessary screen settings: select a screen (there may be several of them), find out or set the screen resolution, determine the screen orientation, and also configure other parameters for working with the screen, for example, connecting a projector.

8. Gadgets - selecting and installing Windows 7 gadgets. Windows XP does not have such a function.

9. Personalization. Here you can configure appearance The worker began to change the background, screensaver, sounds, theme, window color, etc.

When you click the RIGHT mouse button or the “Context Menu” key on a file in Explorer or any other file manager, the menu is also adjusted to the file of a certain type. For example, I clicked on a video file. The following menu opens:

In this case, the menu offers functions that correspond specifically to the video file, namely: play, add to the list of the player that is selected by default for this file type. And a number of standard functions: open with, add to archive (if the archiver is installed), send, cut, copy, delete, rename and file properties.

If you click with the RIGHT mouse button or the “Context Menu” key on a graphic file, then a menu will open that will correspond to the graphic file type:

Here you can immediately open, edit or print the selected file in your default image program. In my case, this is the ACDSee program.

You can immediately make the selected file the background image for your Desktop, which is very convenient when you choose from a large list. And then again there are standard functions for working with files.

I will dwell in more detail on the “Open with” and “Send” items.

Why is the “Open with” function useful?

Here you can select or assign any installed program that understands the selected file format to work with the selected file. In this case, I clicked on the video file and several programs can work with this format on my computer: Light Allow, WinAmp and of course Windows Media Player.

If the program you need is not in the list, but you know for sure that it is installed, select the “Select program” menu item. Windows will prompt you to select programs from a list of recommended or other programs. In Windows XP, the appearance of this window is slightly different, but the meaning is the same.

If you want the selected file format to always be opened by the program you select, then check the “Use the selected program for all files of this type” checkbox.

If the desired program is not in the list of recommended programs or in others, but you know for sure that the program is installed, then click the “Browse...” button and select it from the folder where the program is installed.

Why is the “Send” function useful?
Using this function, so to speak, “without leaving the cash register”, you can send (transfer, transfer) the selected file via BlueTooth (bluetooth), Skype, mail, to the Desktop, to the archive, for burning to a CD/DVD disk, to a flash drive etc.

And here, too, the menu adapts to different situations, depending on where you click on the web page. For example, if you click on a link, then the following menu will open:

Using this menu, you can open the contents of the link in a new tab or window, add the link to bookmarks, send the link, copy the link, if the link is a file, then you can save it using “Save Target As...”. If you have download programs installed, you can download the contents of the link using them.

If you click with the RIGHT mouse button or the “Context Menu” key on a picture on a web page, then a menu with other functions will open:

Here you can copy the image to the clipboard and paste, for example, into Word document, you can save the image to your computer using “Save image as...”, send the image by mail, make the selected image the desktop background, find out information about the image (type, size, file name), etc.

Let me sum it up. In this lesson, we looked at the most popular options for using the context menu, which is called by clicking the RIGHT mouse button or pressing the “Context Menu” key on the keyboard.
Namely:
1. Click the RIGHT mouse button or the “Context Menu” key on the Windows Desktop

2. Clicking the RIGHT mouse button or the “Context Menu” key on a file or folder in Explorer or any other file manager.

3. Press the RIGHT mouse button or the “Context Menu” key in any Internet browser.

The essence this lesson is that you learn to use the useful functions of the specific active environment of your computer. In any environment, by right-clicking or pressing the “Context Menu” key, you will receive a list of useful functions available at a given time relative to the selected object.

With each file, folder or their icons in Windows, you can do many different operations, such as opening, copying, deleting, creating a shortcut, etc. Their number and variety directly depend on the object used. For example, a folder and a file differ in their essence and purpose, which means that there are operations that can only be performed with a file or only with a folder.

That is why, to simplify computer management, Windows and other software developers actively use a very useful function - Context menu. It appears when you right-click on any object, as well as in any area of ​​the screen or window. The context menu contains a list of basic actions that you can perform at a given time. The user can only select the one he needs and click on it with the left mouse button.

It is quite difficult to talk about all possible context menu items within one material. The reason for this is the fact that it can contain completely different commands, the number and functionality of which depends on where you called it from and installed programs in system. For example, if you have an antivirus installed, then by right-clicking on any file, in the context menu that appears you will see an option to quickly scan it for viruses.

Example of a context menu window

And yet there are actions that can be found in almost any context menu, regardless of where you call it. But before we look at them, first let's get acquainted with one important concept - Clipboard.

Clipboard is an intermediate data storage provided by the operating system when copying or exchanging information between applications. That is, this is a kind of “pocket” of Windows in which the user can first place certain information (copy), and then at any time take it out from there (paste). Data contained in the clipboard can be pasted an unlimited number of times. When copying new information to the clipboard, its old contents are deleted.

Now that we have defined what the clipboard is, it's time to return to the most common context menu items, which are the main operations performed in the Windows system.

Cut- using this action, the selected element (file, folder, icon, shortcut, piece of selected text, etc.) is deleted from its former location and placed on the clipboard. This operation will be useful to you if you decide, for example, to move a file from one folder to another or a piece of text from one place in a document to another.

Copy- an operation very similar to the previous one. Only unlike the team Insert, it is not the object itself that is placed on the clipboard, but a copy of it. This means that the selected element is not removed from its location.

Insert- reverse action Cut And Copy. That is, the object from the clipboard is placed in the selected location without being deleted from there.

Delete- an operation that deletes an object without placing it on the clipboard.

Rename- an action that allows you to change the name of a file or folder.

Open- a command similar to double-clicking the left mouse button and allowing you to launch applications, open files (documents, images, etc.) or folders.

Create- an action that allows you to create a new object, such as a document or folder, in a selected location. This menu item will appear only if the mouse cursor is located on a free field of the desktop or an open folder window, that is, not on an icon.

Create a shortcut- a command that allows you to create a shortcut for the selected object.

Properties- a menu item that allows you to learn a lot about the object useful information, be it a program, a document, or one of the Windows panels. For example, Properties the file will be shown, its type, size, location on the computer, date of creation, name of the program with which it can be opened, and much more. Another important feature that this command has is the ability to change the native properties of the selected object. For example, call the context menu by clicking on the Computer (My Computer) icon located on the desktop and select Properties. A window will open in front of you, giving access to various system parameters and settings. This way, you can change Windows properties yourself.

Now, try to apply the acquired knowledge in practice. Create a new text file yourself and then a new folder. Rename them as you wish. Then try to copy and cut the created file into a new folder, and also apply others to it possible actions. In conclusion, observe how the contents of the context menu changes depending on where you call it from, and also try to study the properties of various objects.

All user operations that the user performs with on-screen controls are, from the operating system's point of view, user events. In addition to user events, there are so-called system events, which include special situations (exceptions) that arise in the operating system in cases where a normal or abnormal software event occurs that requires a user response.

The design of Windows XP is not only visual, but also audio, that is, system events and User Events can be associated with sound clips that are played when events occur. Such events, for example, can be the opening or closing of a window, deleting an object to the Recycle Bin, receiving Email to the server, starting Windows XP or shutting down the operating system. A named collection of settings associated with assignment to specific events certain sounds, called sound circuit.

To configure sound schemes, use the Properties: Sounds and Audio Devices dialog box, which is opened using the Sounds and Audio Devices icon in the Control Panel window. The Sounds tab controls in this dialog box allow you to load existing sound patterns, edit them, and save them. Several standard sound schemes are included with the operating system. They are edited by changing the assignment of sounds to system events. The editing results can be separately saved as a new sound scheme.

Assigning sounds to system events is done in the Program events list. Those events that already have an associated sound clip in this list are marked with a loudspeaker icon. When you click an event icon in the Sounds field, the name of the file in which the corresponding sound object is stored is displayed. If you need to remove the sound of an event highlighted in the list, select (No) from the Sounds drop-down list. If you want to listen to the sound assigned to the selected event, click the Play sound button.

2.3. Customizing Windows XP Controls

Setting up the Taskbar. The taskbar in Windows XP is customizable - its properties can be controlled. In its initial state it is located along the bottom edge of the screen, but by dragging it can be positioned along any other edge. Accordingly, the Start button and display panel will change their position along with it.

The size of the Taskbar can be adjusted by dragging the mouse by hovering the pointer over the outer frame and waiting for it to change shape. The maximum size of the taskbar is half the screen.

To change the properties of the Taskbar, right-click anywhere on its free space and select Properties in the context menu that opens. The Taskbar is configured on the Taskbar tab. The most important settings are two checkboxes: Place on top of all windows and Automatically remove from screen. Checking the first checkbox allows you to ensure that windows open on the Desktop cannot overlap the Taskbar. Checking the second checkbox makes the Taskbar hidden and frees up additional space on the Desktop. To bring up the hidden Taskbar, just move the mouse pointer to the edge of the screen behind which it is located.

In the Windows XP operating system, the Taskbar has a number of interesting features. So, for example, within the Taskbar you can create several additional toolbars:

Internet Address Panel;

Panel of links to Internet web pages;

Desktop Objects Panel;

Quick launch panel.

To create (or delete) these panels, use the Toolbar command, present in the context menu of the Taskbar. The Quick Launch Toolbar is especially widely used. By dragging and dropping, you can place shortcuts to your most frequently used programs. Launching programs from this panel is done with one click on the icon, while launching from the Desktop or from a folder window requires a double click. Since windows of open folders and programs can hide Desktop icons, but cannot hide the Taskbar, using the Quick Launch Toolbar is very convenient.

All additional panels do not need to be kept on the Taskbar. They can be moved to any of the edges of the screen or placed on the desktop. Moving tool panels is done by dragging a special ridge that is present on the panel on the left. The ability to make such adjustments allows you to personalize your work environment.

Once the Taskbar is configured most successfully for a particular user, its state can be pinned. In this case, changing the Taskbar settings is blocked. To set such a lock, select the Dock the taskbar checkbox in the context menu of the Taskbar or in its properties dialog box. After clearing this checkbox, the Taskbar properties can be changed again.

Setting up the Main Menu. The main menu is the main control element in Windows. With its help, you can run any program installed on your computer with the knowledge of the operating system, open documents that you have worked with in recent days, and perform most tasks.

Most computer and operating system settings. The main menu opens by clicking on the Start button.

The main menu is multi-level: For example, when you hover the mouse over the Programs item, a system of submenus opens, displaying the distribution of programs into different categories. According to its properties, each category of the Main Menu has the status of a folder, and each item

– label status. Thus, the structure of the Main Menu can be controlled by managing the structure of the folders representing it. The easiest way to open the Main Menu structure for editing is to use the Explorer item in the context menu of the Start button.

Setting up the Cart properties. The Recycle Bin is a special folder in Windows XP that temporarily stores deleted items. Physically, the Recycle Bin on the hard drive is represented by the hidden \Recycled folder, and each hard drive in the computer system has its own \Recycled folder. However, logically the Basket represents one and only a folder corresponding to all \Recycled folders present on the computer system.

The Recycle Bin properties are configured in the Properties: Recycle Bin dialog box, which is opened by selecting the Properties item in the context menu. This dialog box contains one tab for setting the global properties of the integrated Recycle Bin and one tab for each hard drive included in the computer system. If the Global tab has the switch set to Same settings for all drives, the tab controls for specific drives are not activated.

The main parameter of the Recycle Bin is its maximum capacity. When the volume of files in the Recycle Bin begins to exceed the set value, the operating system automatically cleans out the Recycle Bin, permanently destroying the files that were placed there first. This parameter is set by the engine and is measured as a percentage of the capacity of the corresponding disks (default is 10%). Other controls in the Recycle Bin properties dialog include the ability to delete objects without placing them in the Recycle Bin (used during a global hard drive cleanup) and the ability to disable the warning message about deleting objects.

Setting the properties of folder windows. The main settings for the properties of folder windows include setting the display mode for hidden and system objects, as well as setting the method for browsing subfolders.

The properties of folder windows are configured in the Folder Properties dialog box. It can be opened from the window of any folder with the command Tools > Folder Options or from the Main Menu with the command Start > Settings > Control Panel > Folder Options.

It is advisable to enable the display of system and hidden objects before deleting folders, as well as when servicing the operating system. During normal operation, it is better not to display system and hidden objects so as not to overload the screen with unnecessary information. (If hidden items are not displayed in the folder window, you can see their presence by checking the status bar.) Controls for turning the display of hidden and system items on or off are located on the View tab of the Folder Options dialog box under Files and Folders > Hidden Files and folders.

There are two ways to browse subfolders. In one case, all subfolders open in the same window, and in the other, a new window opens for each subfolder. The first method does not overload the Desktop with open windows, but the clarity of navigation in the structure of folder windows is lost. Accordingly, the advantages and disadvantages of the second method are opposite. The browsing method is selected on the General tab of the Folder Options dialog box by selecting the Open folders in the same window switch or the Open each folder in a separate window switch.

2.4. Setting up Windows XP automation tools

Automatic launch of applications. To automatically launch applications after loading the operating system into (\Main Menu\Programs\Startup). Setting up automatic launch of applications is done by copying the shortcuts of launched applications to this folder. Accordingly, disabling the automatic launch of an application is done by deleting its shortcut from the \Startup folder.

Using the \Startup folder, you can not only launch applications, but also open documents. Accordingly, in this case, you must first place a document shortcut in the folder. Opening a document occurs with the simultaneous launch of the parent application, which is designed to work with documents of this type.

Setting file type properties. Many automatic operations Windows XP are based on the fact that the operating system must first know which application should be used to work with documents of one type or another. In particular, we saw above that the automatic opening of a document whose shortcut is located in the Startup folder is accompanied by the launch of an application associated with this type of document. The operating system determines which application is associated with each specific file type by the file name extension, and the connection itself is made by registering the file types with the operating system.

To register (re-register) file type properties, use the File Types tab of the Folder Options dialog box (Start > Settings > Control Panel > Folder Options). The need for registration usually arises in cases where the user needs to enter his own location.

filename extension (called custom name extension)

and designate the default application to serve files of this type. The need for re-registration is usually associated with the incorrect operation of some applications (after installation, they can automatically “capture” certain types of files for themselves, without always asking the user’s consent for this operation). Of course, after removing such an application, files of these types remain without parent application, and they need to be registered manually - the operating system can no longer open them automatically.

The File Types tab of the Folder Options dialog box provides a list of Registered File Types. If you select one of the file types in this list, at the bottom of the dialog box you can see the name extension registered for that type and the application associated with it. More detailed information You can get information about the application access path by opening the Change File Type Properties dialog box by clicking the Advanced command button.

This dialog box provides a list of actions that are possible with files of this type. One of the list actions is highlighted in bold – it is the main one.

The controls in the Change File Type Properties dialog box allow you to:

change the icon associated with this file type (Change Icon);

create a new action and assign an application to it (Create);

change the application that performs the action (Edit);

delete action (Delete);

assign the favorite action as the main one (Default).

The primary action is performed when you double-click an icon or shortcut. Other actions presented in the Actions list are available through the context menu. If in this list create a new action and assign an application to it or delete one of the actions, the context menu that opens when you right-click on the icons or shortcuts of files of this type will change. Thus, the Change File Type Properties dialog box serves not only to set the properties of file types, but also to edit the context menu of documents.

Setting up the Send command. The Send command is a powerful productivity tool when working in Windows XP. This command is available in the context menu of most objects, and is associated with a list of objects that can serve as recipients when sending the current

th object. Using the Send command is the simplest way to copy a document to a floppy disk, send it to a specified email address, create a shortcut to it on the Desktop, etc. Menu items for the Send command are customizable and editable. Unused items can be deleted, and other, more convenient ones can be created in their place. The Send command is configured by filling the special \SendTo folder with shortcuts to folders, devices, and communication channels. The contents of this folder are specific to each user. Each shortcut present in this folder corresponds to one of the menu items of the Send command.

Automation of hard drive cleaning. The need for automatic

Technical cleaning of the hard drive is associated with a feature of Windows XP, which is that this operating system is designed for round-the-clock operation of a personal computer. At night, the system can provide Internet browsing and delivery of information from Web sites whose services are subscribed to. If, during normal operation of the computer, an exception occurs due to a full hard drive, the user has the opportunity to pause the current process, perform the necessary cleanup operations and continue working. If such an exceptional situation occurs at night, the system should perform cleaning operations automatically - for this it includes agent application Disk Cleanup ( agent programs are triggered automatically when associated exceptional events occur).

The Cleanup Agent is launched from Start > Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Disk Cleanup. After starting the program, you should specify the name of the disk for which the settings are being made. The agent starts working automatically if the operating system detects a lack of free space on the disk.

The list of folders to be cleaned is specified on the Disk Cleanup tab. Of course, not all hard drive folders can be cleaned automatically. Theoretically, there are not that many folders in which irreplaceable data should not be stored. The composition of the Delete the following files list varies for different drives and depends on the location of the service directories. Selecting the ones you need is done by checking the appropriate boxes:

Temporary Internet Files – a folder in which data received from the Internet when working with the World Wide Web service is cached (caching serves only to speed up the loading of Weft pages when they are visited again, so the data stored in this folder is not of particular value);

Downloaded Program Files – a folder in which active objects containing program code received from the Internet are stored (these are objects of dynamic design of Web pages; their storage serves to speed up

loading Web pages when visited again, although the same standard program element can sometimes be used to render objects embedded in different Web pages);

The Recycle Bin is a good candidate for automatic emptying if the user is not using it to store valuable data;

Temporary files – this refers to the \Temp folder, in which it is not customary to store valuable data. Applications often automatically create their temporary service files in it, but cannot always delete them (for example, in the event of a crash), as a result of which this folder is often overloaded with unnecessary waste.

Launch applications on a schedule. One of the automation methods is

The main function of work performed on a computer running the Windows XP operating system is to launch applications according to a designated schedule. The main tool for this approach is the Scheduled Tasks program (Start > Programs > Accessories > System Tools > Scheduled Tasks or Start > Settings > Control Panel > Scheduled Tasks).

Program window. Assigned tasks can be considered as ok

but a special folder. Application shortcuts placed in this “folder” have special attributes, not typical for ordinary objects: Schedule, Next launch time, Last launch time, Status. In this regard, it is impossible to create a schedule for automatically launching applications by simply placing shortcuts in a folder, as we did when setting up automatic application launchers and the Send command. Filling the Scheduled Tasks folder is carried out under the control of a special program – the Task Scheduling Wizard. The wizard is launched by double-clicking on the Add task icon. During its operation, the user has the opportunity to select an application and schedule its launch, indicating the date and time of the first launch, as well as the frequency of subsequent launches.

The Scheduled Tasks program allows you to edit task schedules. Editing is performed in a dialog box, which is opened with the Properties command in the task context menu.

On the Task tab on the command line, you can specify the access path to the application to be launched. It is important to note that the command line allows you to specify parameters for launching an application, if it allows such launch. In particular, command line parameters are used to ensure that the application opens (plays) the specified document immediately after launch. This technique allows, for example, to use the launch of a music player to play a recording file at a given time (alarm function). On the Schedule tab, you can specify the parameters of the task schedule, and on the Parameters tab, you can define in more detail the conditions for the execution and completion of the task.

Automation of search operations. Due to the fact that the file structure of a computer can be quite large, it is not always convenient to search for necessary documents by simply navigating through the file structure. It is usually believed that every computer user should know (and remember) the structure of the folders in which he stores documents. However, there are times when documents are saved outside of this structure. For example, many applications save documents to default folders if the user has forgotten to explicitly specify where the document should be saved. This default folder could be the folder in which last time saving was performed, the folder in which the application itself is located, some kind a service folder, for example \My Documents, etc. In such cases, document files may be “lost” in the mass of other data.

The need to search for files especially often arises during setup work. A typical case is when, in search of the source of uncontrolled changes in the operating system, you need to find all the files that have been changed in Lately. Automatic file search tools are also widely used by specialists who set up computer systems - it is difficult for them to navigate the file structure of “someone else’s” personal computer, and searching for the necessary files by navigation is not always productive for them.

The main Windows XP search tool is launched from the Main Menu with the command Start > Find > Files and Folders. No less convenient is another launch option - from any folder window (View > Explorer Panels > Search > Files and Folders or F3 key).

The controls provided on the search panel allow you to localize the search area based on the available information about the file name and address. When entering a file name, you are allowed to use wildcard characters “*” and “?”. The "*" character replaces any number of arbitrary characters, and the "?" replaces any one character. So, for example, a search for a file with the name *.txt will end with a display of all files with the name extension .txt, and the result of a search for files with the name *.??t will be a list of all files with the name extensions .txt, .bat, .dat and so on.

When searching for files with “long” names, you should keep in mind that if the “long” name contains spaces (and this is acceptable), then when creating a search task, such a name should be enclosed in quotation marks, for example: “Current work.c! os".

The search bar has additional hidden controls. They appear when you click on the downward expanding arrow.

Question When were the last changes made? allows you to limit the search scope by the date the file was created, last modified, or opened.

One of the actions in the context menu of an operating system object is always highlighted in bold. What action is this? Why chosen

is that it? How can I perform this action without a context menu?

Hello! Please help me with computer science! 1. There are 3 black and 5 white balls in a box. What is the smallest number of balls you need to take from the box (not

looking into it) so that among the elongated balls:. 1) It turned out to be at least 1 black 2) It turned out to be at least 1 white 3) It turned out to be at least 2 black 4) It turned out to be at least 2 white If possible with a solution, a logical series. 2. The following 100 statements were written in one book. “There is exactly one false statement in this book” “There are exactly two false statements in this book” .................................... ........................................................ .......... "There are exactly one hundred false statements in this book. Which of these statements is true? Judging by my thoughts, this is clearly not 3, then it turns out to be true, which contradicts the meaning of the sentence. Then which one turns out? I I don’t know. Please help. Write everything with the solution please. Oh yes, I almost forgot. If anyone knows a free solution (without any file sharing services), please write.

In one of the editions of the book by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" 1024 pages.

What amount of memory (in MB) would this book take up if Lev Nikolaevich
did you type it on your computer in one of the Unicode encodings? On one page
On average, 64 lines fit, and there are 64 characters per line. (Each character
Unicode takes up 16 bits of memory.)
Help me please))

Task #1 Question: The Internet is: Choose one of 4 answer options: 1) a group of PCs located in one room 2) a global computer network,

uniting many local, regional and corporate networks 3) a complex of terminals connected by communication channels to a computer 4) a multimedia computer with a printer, modem, fax Task #2 Question: A file is: Select one of 4 answer options: 1) a unit of measurement of information 2 ) program in random access memory 3) a PC memory area with a name 4) text printed on a printer Task #3 Question: Specify the file extension proba.docx Select one of 4 answer options: 1) no extension 2) proba 3) docx 4) .docx Task #4 Question: Specify the file type fakt.exe Select one of 4 answer options: 1) text 2) graphic 3) executable 4) Web page Task #5 Question: The data transfer speed through an ADSL connection is 256,000 bps. Transferring a file via this connection took 3 minutes. Determine the file size in kilobytes. Select one of 4 answer options: 1) 125 2) 56,250 3) 45,000 4) 5,625 Task #6 Question: For what purposes is system software needed? Select one of 4 answer options: 1) for developing application software 2) for solving tasks from problem areas 3) to manage computer resources 4) to expand the capabilities of the operating system Task #7 Question: The local network combines: Select one of 4 answer options: 1) computers of one institution 2) computers of several institutions 3) computers of one region 4) computers with common domain names Task #8 Question: Match Specify the match for all 6 answer options: 1) information , recorded on a disk under a specific name 2) a program that makes it easier for users to work with files and directories in the Windows operating system 3) programs used to work on a computer 4) initial preparation of the disk for work - applying magnetic tracks and sectors to its surface 5) programs , ensuring the operation of the computer and all its devices as unified system 6) a place on the disk under a specific name where lists of files and subdirectories (folders) on a specific topic are stored __ software(software) __ disk formatting __ operating system __ file __ directory (folder) __ explorer Task #9 Question: URL of the Web page http://www.mipcro.ru/index.htm. Enter the computer's domain name. Select one of 4 answer options: 1) mipcro.ru 2) http 3) htm 4) index.htm Task #10 Question: Browsers are: Select one of 4 answer options: 1) Internet servers 2) antivirus programs 3) programming language translators 4) Web page viewers Task #11 Question: Which of the following applies to browsers Select several of 5 answer options: 1) Opera 2) Google 3) Excel 4) Mozilla 5) Hyper Text Task #12 Question : A tag is: Select one of 3 answer options: 1) an instruction to the browser indicating how text should be displayed 2) text that uses special characters 3) a pointer to another file or object Task #13 Question: Specify the tags that determine the visible part of the document Select several of 8 answer options: 1)2)3)

Task #14 Question: Specify the tags that determine the size of the header Select several of 8 answer options: 1)2)3)

Task #15 Question: Write down the tag that defines the transfer to new line. Write down the answer: __________________________________________ End

Although the Word Office processor does a very good job of aligning text to the edges, to the center, or to justify, some users are still unhappy that the right edge of the text looks uneven or there is an unevenness in the density of letters in the lines. To make your text document look more aesthetically pleasing, you can use the hyphenation function.

Some people think that the main thing is not “beauty,” but the content of the document made. However, in reality it turns out that the first thing inspectors pay attention to is the design of the work. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to how the text looks externally.

If in ordinary text, placed across the entire width of the page, the uneven spacing between characters and words in different lines is not very noticeable, then in narrow columns of tables such text does not look very presentable. Therefore, you can often see how hyphens are inserted into tables to indicate word hyphenation.

Arranging hyphens in this way is tedious. In addition, these words will be highlighted as misspelled words - with a red wavy line, and even with a simple change in the font size, these “hyphens” will move from the end of the lines and extra hyphens will remain in the words. Therefore, it is better to use a special tool for hyphenation. The ability to automatically hyphenate words is available in all versions of Word Office.

To hyphenate automatically, you need to go to the “Page Layout” tab, where in the “Page Options” group find the “hyphenation” button. When you click on it with the mouse, a list appears in which you need to select the “auto” item. After this, hyphens will be automatically added to the text of the document. If you subsequently make changes to the content of the text or change the font, the hyphens will also be automatically changed.

Hyphens inserted automatically are deleted by simply clicking the “No” button in the hyphenation tool.

Hyphenations in parts of the text

In manual mode, the program offers you to choose the most correct placement of hyphens in the words of the selected text fragment. It is better to use manual hyphenation for part of the document. That is, to insert hyphens in part of the document, you first need to select this fragment, and then click hyphenation manually. After completing this process, the program will request verification of the remaining part of the document, and if hyphens are needed only in the selected part, then further verification should be abandoned. you can choose where to place the transfer

Deleting manual transfers is carried out slightly differently than automatic ones. To do this, you need to find and click on the “Replace” button in the main tab of the menu ribbon. Expand the replacement window by clicking on the “More” button and look for the “Special” drop-down list there.

In this list, you need to click on the soft transfer item and, leaving the “Replace with” field blank, start the replacement process.

Transfer options

The hyphenation feature has configurable parameters. Where you can specify whether to insert hyphens in words containing capital letters. Capital letters (capital letters) are usually used to highlight headings, the use of hyphens in which spoils the appearance of the document.

Setting the width of the transfer zone also helps improve the presentability of the text. As this zone increases, the number of hyphens in the text will decrease, but when the size of this zone decreases, the right edge of the text will look smoother.

Thus, using a special tool for hyphenating words helps make the document text more compact and attractive due to the even distribution of letters and symbols in the lines.

It is necessary to hyphenate words when recruitment books, magazines, booklets, as well as documents of special formats. But you shouldn’t manually insert a hyphen in the required place, because formatting the text can ruin the entire document. The Word editor has a special one for this. tool.

When typing text, you should do following:

1. Opening finished document.
2. On the top panel, select the “ Page layout».
3. Click on the menu “ Hyphenation" and select one of two modes.

IN automatic mode, the program itself breaks down words, guided by the rules of the Russian language. You can enable it before you start working on the document, and then it will be formatted automatically by the editor.

Manual mode invites the user to determine the location of the breakdown himself. This may be required if the text contains special terms, jargon and other words that the program may not translate correctly.

If selected manual arrangement, a dialog box will appear on the screen offering options.

Setup and optimization

By default the words will be be transferred at the end of each line. If you do not want this feature, you can adjust frequency use. To do this, find in the menu “ Hyphenation" paragraph " Options" and in the window that appears, indicate the required number, which determines how many hyphens can be placed in a row in several lines.

In field " Wrap zone width» you can specify the distance between the last word in line and at the right edge of the page. By increasing this parameter, you can reduce the number of hyphens, but narrower ends of lines in the text will become straighter.

If present a few paragraphs, in which words should not be hyphenated, you can disable this function for a piece of text. The algorithm is like this:

If a document contains a word with a hyphen (for example, “sci-fi”) that should not be broken, insert a normal hyphen instead unbreakable, holding down the Ctrl+Shift+hyphen (-) buttons.

Removing hyphens

To cancel automatic placement, you just need to press " No» in the mode selection menu.

With manual entry it is more difficult, because you will also have to remove it manually. This is done in the following sequence:

1. On the menu bar, select the tab “ home».
2. On the right we find the item “ Replace».
3. In the window that opens, do not fill in any fields. Just click on the button More>>».
4. At the bottom, select the panel “ Special».
5. We find in the list “ Soft transfer».
6. Click on " Replace all».

Instructions

Call the main system menu by clicking the “Start” button and go to “All Programs”. Expand the Microsoft Office link and launch the Word application. Open the document you want to edit or create a new one.

In Word 2003, you will need to open the “Tools” menu in the top toolbar of the program window and select the “Hyphenate” item. Next, apply the checkbox in the “Automatic hyphenation” line in the dialog box that opens and save the changes made (for Word 2003).

Expand the “Page Setup” menu in the top service bar of the Word 2007 program window and select the “Page Layout” sub-item. Specify the sub-item “Hyphenation” and use the “Auto” option to apply automatic hyphenation to the entire document (for Word 2007).

To automatically hyphenate a certain part of the document, select the required text and use the algorithm described above. When selecting the “Manual” option in the “Hyphenation” list, the user will be able to see the suggested hyphenation options for the current word in a separate dialog box. Also take advantage of the opportunity to change hyphenation settings, which is provided by the sub-item “Hyphenation settings”.

Pay attention to the soft transfer option. This handy function is used to determine where to break a word or combination of words at the end of a line. When the selected word is in any other location, the soft hyphen becomes visible only if the Display option is activated. To enable this function, expand the “Paragraph” group in the top service bar of the Word application window and go to the “Start Page” tab. Use the Hide/Show command and specify where to insert a soft hyphen in the selected word. Confirm execution required action, simultaneously pressing the Ctrl and Hyphen keys.

Video on the topic

Sources:

• Insert transfer
• how to disable hyphens in Word

Text editors allow users to save time by typing words in full and not separating them when wrapping them onto the next line. It is, of course, more convenient to read the whole word, but sometimes it is advisable to use the transfer of several syllables.

Instructions

If you adhere to a certain format when typing text, for example, left alignment, you will inevitably encounter the problem of word wrapping, because it is important for you not to leave empty space that does not reach. If this is an isolated case, you can install it manually. Just press the “ ” key before the end of the line, while observing the syllabic principle of dividing words. Remember that you cannot transfer to another line only one letter of a word or a combination of a consonant and soft sign. Ideal for syllable division is a combination of a consonant and a vowel letter, forming a common syllable. You can hyphenate several syllables at once, dividing the word into half.

If you only care about speed when typing text, and you prefer to let the computer check it, use the “Automatic Transfer” service for text documents in MC Word. You can set this function in MC Word 2003 using the “Tools” menu located on the main toolbar. By clicking on the “Service” button with the left mouse button, move the cursor to the “Language” section. In the context menu that opens, select the “Arrangement” function. Check the “Automatic” box and confirm your actions by clicking the “OK” button. You can further customize the automatic hyphenation settings by selecting the width of the word hyphenation zone and the maximum number of consecutive hyphens. Enter the required numeric values into the appropriate fields and click OK. Saved changes will be applied to all subsequent MC Word documents.

To set automatic in MC Word 2007 and higher, click on the “Page Layout” button, which is located on the main toolbar of an open MC Word document. Hover your cursor over the “Page Options” column and check the box next to the “Hyphenation” field. Select the Auto option. Save the changes by clicking "OK".

You can also set up automatic word hyphenation in a text document called Notepad. To do this, in the open program window, click on the “Format” button on the main toolbar. Check the box “Word wrapping.

Microsoft Word is one of the programs in the Microsoft Office suite. It is used to create documents, dissertations, abstracts. The design of the pages is specified by the user using hotkeys or the context menu.

Instructions

Most research papers require page numbers to be formatted. To add numbers, select “Insert” in the top menu, then click “Page Numbers.”

Determine the position of the number on the page. It can be placed at the top and bottom. Alignment can be done in five ways: left, right, center, inside, outside. Choosing which place pages place a number depends on the specific format of your work and the requirements for it.

The title page is usually not numbered. If your work requires a title page, uncheck the box next to “Number on first page.” In general, in the page number format you can choose which sheet to start numbering from.

You can also change the type of room at your discretion. Click on the "Format" button. Number pages you can use regular ones Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, numbers with - 1 - , - 2 - , - 3 - , Roman numerals I, II, III, Latin letters a, b, c and other options. Number format pages may also include a chapter number. For example, 1-A is the first heading, page A.

To start a new page, go to the Insert menu, select Break. Check the box next to the “Start new page” item and confirm your choice by clicking the “Ok” button. If you have insertion of page numbers enabled, number each new pages will happen automatically. Since “enabling” numbering is a one-time procedure, there are no hotkeys for it.

When composing table of contents, it is useful to indicate in which page range a particular section is located. This will help you and your reader navigate your work. Select Insert - Link - Table of Contents and Indexes. Go to the “Table of Contents” insert. There should be a checkmark next to the “Show page numbers” item.

Incorrect words in documents occur because syllables have been separated manually. In such cases, with the slightest editing of the text, the changes made may “move out”. Therefore, the document recommends setting automatic transfer words

You will need

• - installed Word from Microsoft Office.

Instructions

As a rule, by default in Word transfer s are not placed in. This is due to the fact that in many documents - business letters, legal and official papers - words are not transfer are. They are placed in the document according to the selected formatting style - centered, left, right, and justified. The program has special options for this. However, in a number of industries, such as science, medicine, technology, very long terms and concepts are often found. When typing they move to the next line, but sometimes under certain circumstances transfer words are simply necessary. But remember: you need to be skillful when editing text and adding hyphens to words. Otherwise, at the very first changes, the text will turn into something incomprehensible.

Please note: before organizing transfer There is no need to highlight anything. If you set certain parameters, they will be applied to the entire document, and not to the selected fragment. For execution transfer ov, on the toolbar, find the “Service” item and in the drop-down window, find the “Language” section. Click on this button and select the "Arrangement" option transfer ov".

Place a check mark next to the item you need in the window that opens. There are several setup options here. Select one of the methods – “Automatic placement” transfer ov" or "Hyphenations in words made from capital letters." In this case, you can set the zone width transfer a words and the maximum number of consecutive transfer ov.

The program also has a forced placement option. To break down a phrase, click on the right word and select "Force". In the window that opens, in the line indicate the places where you need to place transfer Yes, put a hyphen and press Shift+Enter. And do this as many times as you need syllables. But don't overuse manual breakdown. Otherwise, when you make changes, your text may simply “go away”.

If the text is not on the “automatic” transfer It appears, select the fragment you need to edit, select the “Tools” menu and the “Language” section. Then go to the “Select language” option. In the “Mark selected text as” window, enter Russian. Also here you need to check the box next to “Detect language automatically”.

If you still can’t move the text, select the “Format” command and the “Paragraph” section. Then, in the “Page Position” tab, disable auto transfer words

To separate hyphenated words, use soft transfer, for it you will need the Ctrl keys and the “-” sign.

Documents may have different formatting requirements. A separate item may include the requirement to place text on the page in a certain way. If you need to customize transfer words, use the tools of the Microsoft Office Word editor.

Instructions

There are several options available in Word transfer A. The default mode is enabled transfer and the whole words. If the specified number of printed characters does not fit between the previous word and the right margin of the document, the new word is shifted to the next y, the program does not break it with a sign transfer A.

If this mode does not suit you, you can use one of the editor’s features: automatic or manual insertion transfer ov in the document. Open a Word document, go to the Page Layout tab and find the Page Setup toolbox.

Click on the arrow button opposite the “Arrangement” item transfer ov". In the context menu, select the option that suits you by left-clicking on it. In the “Auto” mode, words and characters will be checked in a document or in a selected fragment of text. transfer and will be automatically placed in those places where it is necessary. If you edit the text in the future and the length of the lines changes, the signs transfer and will be rearranged by the editor in accordance with the rules of the language you have chosen.

Microsoft Word attracts so many users because it can offer a variety of automation methods when working with text. One of these is automatic hyphenation.

In order to configure automatic hyphenation, you need to go to the “ Layout" In chapter " Page settings» select the item « Hyphenation" and in the list that opens, click on " Auto».

In this case, hyphens will be placed in all necessary and possible places. To do this, the dictionary of the language for which hyphens will be included must be installed. However, all official Microsoft Word distributions contain them for any supported languages.

An important feature of automatic hyphenation is that if you suddenly increase the size, change the font, or add any decorative elements to the text, the hyphenation will adjust itself.

When you select the “Width” tearout option, the page will generally take on the appearance of a high-quality layout of a book.

It is also not recommended to independently set hyphens in the document using “-” and line breaks. To do this, Word uses the Soft Wrap feature. Choose necessary word, place the cursor and press “CTRL” + “-”. Now, if necessary, the word will be transferred according to the rules you specified. Soft hyphens are not visible in the document, so to display them, go to the " tab home" In chapter " Paragraph" Press " Show all signs».

Returning to the point " Hyphenation" and clicking on " Manual", the program will search for all words for which hyphenation can be carried out, and show you options on how to do this. Place the cursor in the desired location and click " Yes».

The last item is the minimum settings. " Hyphenations in words..." is responsible for including hyphens separately in those words that are written in capital letters. Without a checkbox, an exception will be made for them.

IN " Width of word hyphen zone» sets the distance from the edge of the transferred word warehouse to the page frame.

« Max. number…» will limit the number of repeated cases of word wrapping for a selected fragment or the entire document.

In order to remove hyphens, it is necessary in the paragraph “ Hyphenation» select option « No».

Or, with the display mode for all symbols activated, remove those entered manually. If there were too many of them, you can use the “Replace” function, which is called by the F5 button.

In the Replace tab, click " More>>» -> « Special", select " Soft transfer" and replace it with an empty string, without a space.

Auto-hyphenation is also available for Word 2003. It is installed at the address " Service» -> « Language» -> « Hyphenation».

If you are interested in how to make transfers in Word, let's figure it out together. In fact, there is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is to strictly follow the algorithm of actions, only in this case everything will work out for you, and the work process will not cause any trouble. So, first things first.

Transfers in Word can be done in two ways. Firstly, automatically, secondly, manually. We will talk about each of them in our article. However, when creating hyphens, you should not forget that manual hyphenation can only be applied to text that has already been typed. But when setting up automatic word hyphenation in the Word text editor, hyphenation will be applied as the text is printed.

How can I change the hyphenation option in Word? To do this, the user needs to go to the “Page Layout” tab on the toolbar, then in the “Page Options” section, click on the item called “Hyphenation”, and then select the required option.

How to make hyphens in Word: manual method

To begin with, we invite you to consider how you can arrange transfers in a Word document using the manual method. To do this, open the document and follow the algorithm of actions:

1. Go to the “Page Layout” section on the toolbar.
2. Next, click on “Hyphenation”.
3. Select the “Manual” option.

If everything is done correctly, a window will open in front of the user, where the word that requires hyphenation will be divided into syllables. The user needs to place the cursor exactly in the place where the transfer is required. After all the steps, click the “Yes” button.

How to make hyphens in Word: automatic setting

Setting up automatic hyphens in a Word document is even easier. Even a novice user can cope with this task. When setting automatic hyphens, the editor himself decides how and where to place them in the text.

To enable automatic setting, the user must go to the menu, go to the “Hyphenation” item and select “Auto”. If the user needs to remove word hyphenation in Word, then the “No” option must be selected.

If we assume that many lines of text have hyphenated words, and this looks ugly, then in this case, in the “Hyphenation” section, the user must select the “Hyphenation Options” section. After this, a window should appear on the screen where in the “Max. number of consecutive transfers" you must specify the required value. Finish the work by clicking OK.

If in your text a word written with a hyphen ends up at the end of the line, then the Word editor will automatically move the part of the word after the hyphen to the next line. How can this be avoided? The user just needs to put a continuous hyphen in the document by pressing a combination of three keys: “Ctrl”, “Shift” and “Hyphen”.

Auto-hyphenation of words in Word for Mac

How to make transfers in Word used on Mac computers? To begin, in the “Service” item on the toolbar, select the “Hyphenation” section. Then check the box next to the item that says automatic hyphenation. Next, in the “Width of word hyphenation zone” section, we indicate how much space should be left between the final word and the right border of the sheet. But in the line where it says about max. number of consecutive hyphens, you need to indicate the exact number of lines where word hyphens can be placed.

Manual transfers in Word for Mac

To set manual transfers in a Word document You must first make sure that a word, paragraph or other part is not highlighted in the text. Then go to the menu item called “Service”, select the item that says about hyphenation. The last step is to click “Manual”.

If the user requires manual hyphenation in some part of the document, the algorithm of actions will be slightly different. To begin with, the user must select the part of the text where hyphenation is necessary. Next, in the “Service” section, we make a choice in favor of the item called “Hyphenation”. Click on the “Manual” option. After that, in the “Option” item, indicate the desired transfer location.

All the options described above on how to make hyphens in Word are quite simple and are suitable even for a novice user of the Word text program. All the methods described are effective, and, most importantly, they allow the user to work more extensively with Word documents. Go for it, and you will definitely succeed!

Hello, friends! Notes in Excel are like a paper sticker on the refrigerator reminding you to buy milk. Such a label can be attached to any cell and place important text there. Notes are used to describe the contents of a cell or explain the formulas contained in it.

Cell with a note

Create a new note

To write a note on a cell, place the table cursor in it and perform one of the suggested actions:

1. Right click inside the cell and select from the context menu Insert Note
2. Execute Ribbon CommandReview - Comments - Create a comment
3. Use a keyboard shortcut Shift+F

All these actions will lead to the appearance of a small yellow window called a note. By default, it will contain the text: Username:. Here "Username" is the name specified in the Microsoft Office settings ( File – Options – General – Microsoft Office Personalization – Username). The cursor will be on the next line of the note, you can immediately make notes. When finished, click on any inactive cell of the worksheet.

After creation, the note will be automatically hidden, and a red triangle will appear in the upper right corner of the cell - the note indicator.

Viewing notes in Excel

To view a note, just hover your mouse over the cell and it will appear. Remove your mouse from the cell and the note will be hidden again. This is very convenient, the auxiliary text does not cover the main information and easily appears on demand.

If you have a lot of notes on your worksheet, you don't have to run your mouse around looking for each note indicator. To view all notes one by one, run the ribbon command Review – Notes – Next.

There is a ribbon command to display all notes at once: Review - Notes - Show all notes. To cancel the display of all notes, run this command again.

Shows notes in all cells

To hide or show only one of the notes, there is a context menu command. Click on the cell with the comment indicator and select from the menu that opens Show or hide notes.

Displaying notes via the context menu

Change the text of a note

To change the text of a note, place the cursor in the desired cell and do one of the following:

1. Press combination Shift+F2
2. Right click in the context menu select Edit note
3. Run the command on tape: Review – Notes – Edit Note

All of the above operations open the note for editing

Customize the appearance of notes in Excel

You can customize the appearance of notes so that the entries in them are displayed in a format convenient for you:

Adding a Change Shape command

Highlight the note window and click the added button. In the window that opens, select the form you need

Changing the form of a note

Other actions with notes

To highlight cells with comments, use the function.

For deleting comments– select the cell or range from which you want to delete notes and run the command Review - Notes - Delete. Or, choose Delete note in the context menu.

To print notes Excel - click on the icon Page settings tabs Page layout. On the Sheet tab, find the Notes drop-down list and select one of three options:

1. No– do not print notes
2. At the end of the sheet– group notes for printing at the end of the sheet
3. Like on the sheet– print notes as they appear on the sheet

Printing notes

So we figured out how to work with Microsoft Excel notes. I often use these labels for my notes, because they don’t clog up the sheet and appear when needed. Master this useful developer tool too. Write additional questions in the comments, I will be happy to answer!

A next post I'll start looking at the tool. This is a new product from Microsoft developers, which is designed to do part of the work for you in preparing and filling out calculations. See you!