Shark perch dolphin pike who is the odd one out why. Which fish eats which? Predatory lake fish

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LESSON ABOUT THE WORLD IN 3rd GRADE. "SPECIES OF ANIMALS". Teacher primary classes MBOU Secondary School No. 14, Balei Transbaikal region Cherednichenko Valentina Ivanovna. Where is the truth, and where is fiction, legend, lie, Without science you will not understand animals.

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Game "Find out who I am?" 1. My body temperature is seven degrees higher than that of a person. 2. On each of my feet there are two toes in front and two in the back. 3. When I fly, I make wave-like movements. 4. My hard, spiky tail feathers help me hunt. 5. My diet consists mainly of wood-boring insects, as well as ants, acorns, flying insects, berries, and plant juice. 6. My nest is a hollow in a tree, which I make myself. 7. I use my beak to carve wood.

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1. I move fast now, but in my youth I moved much slower. 2. I usually hunt near water. 3. I eat flying insects. 4. I am a very good flyer. 5. Sometimes I have an exquisite, rich coloring. 6. I have cold blood, and the skeleton is outside, not inside. 7. I have two more legs than a mouse and very big eyes. 8. My four wings make me look like a helicopter in flight.

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Game "Who's the odd one out?" 1. Fox, hare, giraffe, dolphin, panda, elephant. There are no extra ones: a dolphin is a mammal, gives birth to live young, feeds them with milk; breathes with lungs. 2. Ostrich, penguin, swallow, bat, flamingo, woodpecker. Bat- a mammal whose body is covered with hair. 3. Butterfly, bumblebee, grasshopper, ladybug, spider, dragonfly. A spider is not an insect, because... has 8 legs, the body is divided into two parts: the cephalothorax and abdomen. Belongs to the group of arachnids. 4. Pike, perch, whale, crucian carp, shark, sturgeon. A whale is a mammal. Like dolphins, whales breathe through their lungs, give birth to live young, and feed them with their milk.

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INSECT PASSPORT. 1. Representatives of the group. Grasshopper, butterfly, bee, ant, dragonfly, ladybug, firefly, cricket, fly... 2. Habitat. Water, air, earth. 3. Body structure (divisions). The body is divided into 3 parts: head, chest, abdomen. 4. Coverings of the body. Chitinous cover. 5. Organs of movement. 6 legs, 4 wings 6. Respiratory organs. trachea 7. Reproduction. Hatched from eggs. 8. Body temperature. Variable, depends on temperature environment. They are cold-blooded animals.

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FISH PASSPORT. 1. Representatives of the group. Shark, crucian carp, perch, pike, carp, sea ​​horse, sturgeon, pink salmon, herring... 2. Habitat. Water 3. Body structure (divisions). Head, body, tail. 4. Body coverings. The body is covered with scales. 5. Organs of movement. Fins. 6. Respiratory organs. Gills 7. Reproduction. They are hatched from eggs. 8. Body temperature. Fickle. The mobility of fish depends on water temperature. Cold-blooded.

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AMPHIBIAN (AMPHIBIAN) PASSPORT. 1. Representatives of the group. Toad, frog, newt, salamander, tree frog... 2. Habitat. Some life lives on land, some lives in water. 3. Body structure (divisions). Head, torso, 4 legs. Some have a tail. 4. Coverings of the body. The body is covered with bare, moist skin. 5. Organs of movement. 4 legs 6. Respiratory organs. Gills, lungs and skin. 7. Reproduction. They are hatched from eggs. 8. Body temperature. Variable, depends on ambient temperature. They are cold-blooded animals.

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PASSPORT OF A REPTILE (REPTILE). 1. Representatives of the group. Crocodile, turtle, snake, lizard, boa constrictor, chameleon... 2. Habitat. Mostly on land. 3. Body structure (divisions). Head, neck, torso, tail. 4. Body coverings. The skin is dry, covered with horny scales or shell. 5. Organs of movement. 4 legs or none at all. 6. Respiratory organs. Lungs. 7. Reproduction. Hatched from eggs. 8. Body temperature. Variable, depends on ambient temperature. They are cold-blooded animals.

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PROGRESS OF THE CLASS:1. Organizational moment.2. Attention game “Boy, girl, flower.”Rules of the game: students take turns calling one word at a time: the first player is the name of the boy, the second is the name of the girl, the third is the name of the flower, the fourth is again the name of the boy, etc. At the end of the game – discussion: what was superfluous in this group of words and why? 3. Exercise “The Fourth Odd One”. The teacher reads out rows of words, in each row one word is superfluous due to essential features. You need to find this word and explain why it is redundant (there may be several options in one row correct execution assignments). It is advisable to give a sample answer: “The extra one is ..., because all the others are ... (the common characteristic is indicated), and this is ... (the difference is called).” For example, the following words are given: ice cream, butter, cheese, loaf; an extra word is loaf, because all other products are made from milk, and loaf is made from flour. It is recommended to discuss 3-4 rows of words collectively, and offer 5-6 for self-execution in your notebook (exercise “Test yourself”). Examples of words for the game: Swan, duck, chicken, goose; Sofa, table, armchair, chair; Spruce, pine, fir, cedar; Crucian carp, shark, dolphin, pike; Album, book, notepad, notebook; Russia, America, Africa, Brazil; Jar, bottle, pan, jug; Pushkin, Chukovsky, Marshak, Barto; Earthquake, rain, storm, tornado; Briefcase, bag, suitcase, backpack; TV, tape recorder, radio, vacuum cleaner; Blueberries, blackberries, ferns, raspberries; Legend, story, fairy tale, epic; Dark, light, blue, bright; Nest, hole, gatehouse, chicken coop; Football, basketball, volleyball, tennis; Hunger, greed, thirst, cold; Laughter, joke, laughter, smile; Gradually, quickly, hastily, soon; 4. Conversation about the concept of “class”. In the game, after eliminating the superfluous, 3 words remained, united by some common feature. One might say that these words formed a group, or a “class.” Back in preschool age the child learns to combine words into groups, and is able to perform tasks like: “Apples, pears - how to call them in one word? Name a few more words that are part of this group” or “Name the birds.” Schoolchildren also often encounter similar tasks, but more complex in content, for example: “Name geometric shapes", "List the parts of the word", "Rain, snow, fog - what one word can they be called?" The teacher offers to give examples of classes of objects that students know, that they do not yet know (but have just heard about it). The teacher gives a definition: “A class is a collection of subjects united according to some essential feature».

Exercise “Four extra.”

The words are written on the board: banana, orange, apple, peach. The teacher suggests eliminating unnecessary things. During the discussion, students come to the conclusion that each of the concepts may be superfluous, differing from all the others in some way. For example: banana: oblong in shape, grows in a bunch, orange: has slices inside, apple: can be dried; peach: has a large pit inside. Then it is necessary to show that when excluding an extra word, you can take into account not only the semantic, but also the formal and grammatical side. For example, the word “apple” is superfluous, because it is the only one among all neuter genders, it begins and ends with a vowel, is divided into 3 syllables for transfer, etc.; “orange” is superfluous, because this is the only word with soft sign, it is the longest (8 letters), the number of syllables and the number of parts for transfer do not match, etc. At the beginning of the lesson, we played the game “Fourth Extra”, where only one object was extra. And now in the game all the objects in turn were superfluous, and therefore this game can be called “Four Extra”. The teacher shows the diagrams of two games on the board, asks them to determine which game corresponds to which scheme, and compare these two games.

Work in groups.

Each group receives 4 words, you need to find signs of exception for each of them: the game “Four Extra”. Examples of words: stove, electric stove, candle, fire; Airplane, nail, bee, fan; Wood, bedside table, broom, fork; Fur coat, cap, boots, scarf; Lamp, ruler, table, birdhouse; Rain, snow, fog, hail; Boat, ship, yacht, steamship; Bear, hare, fox, wolf; Scissors, cloud, book, shark. To check the completion of the task, groups exchange answers and evaluate their correctness.

Word elimination game.

Is it necessary to specifically select words for the game “Four Extra”? To fully verify this, let’s play the game “Word Elimination.” Rules of the game: students name any 6-7 words that the teacher writes on the board. A word that differs from all the others (specify in advance: by meaning or by grammatical features) is “eliminated”: crossed out or erased. The remaining words are similar. For example, the words are written on the board: elephant, broom, thunderstorm, loaf, fight, car. The extra one is the elephant, this living creature. The extra one is the loaf, this is the only edible item. The extra one is a thunderstorm, it is a natural phenomenon. The extra one is a car, a means of transportation. The extra one is a broom, it serves to restore order. (“And a fight is unnecessary, because no one needs it”). The extra one is “fight”, this word has two identical letters. The extra one is “elephant”, it’s a 4 letter word. The extra one is “thunderstorm”, this is a word with an unstressed vowel, verified by stress. The extra one is “machine”, that’s the word feminine. The extra one is “broom”, the stress in the word falls on the first syllable. 8. Summing up.9. Think at home. Our school class is also “a set of objects united according to an essential characteristic”: seventh year students. But within the class, other “collections” can be distinguished, united common features. For example: there are boys and girls, there are 13-year-old and 14-year-old students summer age, there are athletes and musicians... Assignment: what other groups can our class be divided into? Lesson 9 - 10.Topic: “Classification rules.”Target: study the rules for classifying concepts and possible errors in division. Tasks: 1) introduce students to the rules for classifications, 2) teach them how to use these rules and critically evaluate them and apply them in various lessons. Type: workshop, paired lesson. View: group. Progress of the lesson:1. Organizational moment2. Game for attention “Hands up - hands down.” The game is based on dividing the class into two groups according to different criteria. For example: “girls” and “boys”, “can swim” and “can’t swim”, “are involved in a club”, etc. Rules of the game: the teacher names pairs of words dividing the class into two groups. Those students who consider themselves to be in the first of the named groups raise their hands up; those who belong to the second group do not raise their hands. Examples of classifications: Have a brother / no brother; Born in winter/was not born in winter; Flew on an airplane / did not fly on an airplane; I watched a movie yesterday / didn’t watch a movie yesterday; Loves semolina porridge/ doesn’t like semolina porridge; Hair long/hair short; You get up early / you get up late 14 years old / not 14 years old; Have a pet/no pet; Note: the division is possible dichotomous, i.e. division by two). For example, a class can be divided into athletes and non-athletes (dichotomous division), or it can be divided into athletes, musicians, dancers; those who participate in several circles, and those who do not study anywhere (divided into more than two groups). The game uses dichotomous division, and it should be noted that dividing by two does not mean dividing in half. To illustrate this, the game can be accompanied by corresponding diagrams on the board, clearly showing the “size” of the group. Conclusion: a class can be divided into different groups according to different characteristics, and the same student can belong to different groups. 3. Checking homework. The teacher reads out from homework those options for dividing the class into groups that were not mentioned in the game. The test can be organized as a continuation of the game. 4. Conversation about classification rules.- Now we divided the class according to different criteria into different groups.
The action when a set of objects is divided into groups according to some characteristics is called classification. Write in your notebook: Classification - division (division) into classes. -There are classification rules, we will talk about them today in class. First, two examples of division into classes: “Houses are divided into single-story and multi-story” and “Houses are divided into brick and multi-story.” In your opinion, in what case is the division done correctly? Justify your answer.

Indeed, the basic rule of classification is division into
classes based on one basis (attribute). In the first sentence of home
They are divided by number of floors, and in the second by material and number of floors - this is so wrong. Rewrite the second sentence like this:
to make it right. Take the sign as the basis for division
"material".

Now listen to examples of different divisions into classes, define
those in which errors were made, and try to correct them. Examples of classifications (incorrect ones are marked with an asterisk): birds are divided into migratory and waterfowl; * sounds are divided into vowels and consonants; animals are divided into domestic and dinosaurs; * mushrooms are divided into edible and inedible; tasks can be simple and require movement; * plants are divided into trees and wild plants; watches are divided into wrist and gold; * people are divided into men and children; * numbers are divided into odd and even. Write in your notebook: Classification rules: 1. Division must be based on only one base. - IN following classifications division is carried out according to one base. But look, are there any mistakes in them? Examples of classifications: Animals are divided into birds, insects, mammals; Shapes are divided into circles, triangles and squares; In a word, you can select a prefix and an ending; Transport is divided into land and air. Conclusion: in all these classifications the division is not carried out sufficiently, since not all classes are listed (there are also other classes of animals, figures, parts of speech, vehicles). This means that the correct division should be such that the sum of all classes is equal to the entire volume of the concept. The teacher suggests correcting these examples of classifications. When dividing, you need to indicate all classes or add the words “etc.”, “etc.” 2. The division must be proportionate. Which classification rule is violated in this case? Examples of classifications:

Artists are divided into those who sing and those who dance; Students are divided into those who like to read and those who like to go to the movies; There are numbers that are divisible by 2 and those that are divisible by 3.

Conclusion: the same object should not belong to several classes in the same classification. 3. Classes should not overlap.

Dear parents!

Never force your child to study, try to

interest.

Conduct classes in a playful way.

Praise your child for his successes and never show your

upset if something doesn’t work out for him. Cheer up

it will definitely work out next time.

Znaykinoffers games and exercises on the topic “Pisces”.

1. 
   Talk with your child about how fish live in different bodies of water: oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, ponds.
2. 
   Take your child to a pet store or look at pictures of aquarium fish:

- pay attention to the body parts of the fish (head, torso, tail, fins, gills);

Say words with a complex syllable structure with your child: aquarium, aquarium fish, algae, agile, swordtail, goldfish, guppy.

1. 
   Make up with your child descriptive story about the fish.

According to the example:

By the tailed plug (seine)

1. 
   Invite your child to draw any fish according to

desire.

Don't forget to praise your child!
With best wishes!

MDOU " Kindergarten"68"
teacher - speech therapist Titarenko Galina Borisovna

Connect the dots

10. Talk tongue twisters with your child

Shcha - shcha - shcha - the pike looks at the bream.

Pike - pike - pike - the bream needs to swim away.

The pike says to the bream:

"I will not forgive the insult."

Sonya and Sanya have a catfish with a mustache in their nets.

Skinny pike from the river

Fishermen brought it in.

The predatory pike is more terrible,

What a monster Koschey is.

1. 
   Guess the riddles:

There is a glass pond on the table,

But they don’t let me fish.

The fish touches the worm -

He will immediately give a sign to the fisherman.

Dragging along the bottom

The caftan has holes,

And in every hole

This is a goldfish. It was bred in China through selection work carried out among crucian carp. She lives in an aquarium. The fish is red. She has a long tail and fins.

Aquarium fish cannot live in the seas because

they are freshwater; in rivers and lakes because they are thermophilic.

fish, asking riddles:

The tail wags,

Toothy, not bark (pike).

Prickly, but not a hedgehog.

Who is this? (ruff).

At the bottom, where it is quiet and dark,

A mustachioed log (catfish) lies.

Som- large river fish. It has a large body, a wide head, small tail and fins. Its body is not covered with scales. Catfish is a predatory fish. It hunts other fish, frogs, chicks, and waterfowl.

The pancake floats alive -

He has a tail and a head (flounder).

aquarium or look at pictures of sea animals.

Dolphin is an animal that lives in the seas and oceans.

The dolphin is large, black, smooth. He has an oval

body, elongated muzzle, strong tail and fins.

The dolphin is a very smart animal. Sometimes dolphins rescue

a sea of ​​drowning people.

1. 
   Play games with your child:

“When do they say that?”

You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.

"Gather an offer"

Fisherman, fishing, on, goes

Aquarium, in, swims, fish, a lot

The cauldron, in, the soup, is being cooked

"Which word is the longest?"

Ruff, catfish, carp, pink salmon

Sea, reservoir, pond, river

Marine, aquarium, river, lake

"What's wrong?"

Ukha is made from chicken.

First the fish is boiled and then caught.

Pisces can talk.

« IV extra"

Pike, catfish, crucian carp, shark

Bream, dolphin, whale, hammerhead

Flounder, pink salmon, carp, guppy

“Who lives where?”

1. 
   Develop your child's auditory attention and logical thinking.

"Say the Word"

Don't you know me?

I live at the bottom of the sea.

Head and eight legs

That's all I am... (octopus)

"Sound Lost"

They say one fisherman

I caught a shoe in the river.

But then he

The house is hooked! (catfish).

"Smart puzzles"

If pike is larger than perch, and perch is larger than gudgeon, then who is the smallest?

Sasha and Maxim were fishing. They caught ruff and carp. What fish did Maxim catch if Sasha didn’t catch a carp?

1. 
   Invite your child to remember which famous fairy tale characters were fish:

- goldfish,"The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish."

- pike,"At the command of the pike"

1. 
   Develop your child's visual attention and fine motor skills hands:

- repeat the drawings in cells.

Fish are a superclass of aquatic vertebrates. They are characterized by gill breathing. They are common in both fresh and salt waters; both in mountain streams and in deep ocean basins. These creatures play a vital role in many aquatic ecosystems and have huge economic importance for a person. This is their brief description. As you may have guessed, this article will focus on fish, in particular the predatory inhabitants of the underwater kingdom. We will tell you about the most famous and colorful predators: you will find out what they eat, and which fish eats which.

A bit of poetry...

As a rule, on a fine sunny day, the surface of the water reminds us of a large mirror. One has only to look into this “mirror” and one will immediately see clouds floating across the sky, as well as trees bending over a pond. At this moment it may seem that the reservoir is empty and dead, but this is not so at all! In fact, life is in full swing under this mirror surface! Sometimes serious passions even flare up there. One of the main characters in this underwater “play” are fish. You won’t immediately understand which fish eats which, but it happens there with enviable regularity!

Who are the fish?

Brief scientific description We presented these animals to you above. If we talk in simple language, then fish are usually called all vertebrates that inhabit fresh and salt water sources. Almost all fish have paired limbs, represented by fins, and their respiratory organs are gills. From the point of view of zoological classification, fish are common name, uniting 6 independent classes (groups), which differ from each other in certain characteristics, one of which indicates whether the fish belongs to predatory or peaceful individuals. In this article we are more interested in predators. Let's find out which fish eats which.

Common perch

This is a typical inhabitant of fresh water bodies in our country. Ordinary perch belongs to the largest class of highly organized fish - ray-finned fish. Its body is compressed laterally, has an oval shape and consists of three sections: head, torso, and tail. Perch, like all other fish, breathes through gills, so oxygen is vital for it. And he has it, but not quite the same as we have: fish extract oxygen not from the air, but from the water. To do this, the fish is forced to swallow air through its mouth, forcing it through the gill cavity located under the gill covers.

What does common perch eat?

The common perch is a predatory lake fish. It is found in rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs in Europe and North Asia. Perch was introduced to Africa New Zealand, Australia. The diet of these fish consists of others. Initially, perch fry feed on zooplankton, and as soon as they mature, they begin to hunt young perch and cyprinids. These fish begin to feed on the fry of other relatives, as a rule, in the second year of their life. With age, common perch switches to hunting for larger and more active fish.

How do perches hunt?

Adults are agile and quite strong predators. They swim very quickly, sometimes stopping completely, but then instantly rushing forward. These fish have a huge mouth located at the front end of their head. In the mouth, even with the naked eye you can see jaws dotted with numerous teeth, albeit small ones. If the perches begin their hunt, then someone will definitely be in trouble!

Predatory lake fish can pursue their prey long and persistently. The perch rushes after her, opening his huge mouth and emitting a kind of “slurp.” Fishermen say that a frightened victim often jumps out of the water, but this still does not save him: the perch gets what it wants. Sometimes these predators, too carried away by the pursuit of their prey, jump out after it onto the shallows, and sometimes onto the coastal sand... In general, perches are predators from God: these voracious creatures will not miss a single living creature that can fit in their wide mouth .

Common pike

Common pike is a predatory fish that inhabits fresh water bodies North America and all of Eurasia. Usually it can be found in coastal zone, in aquatic thickets, in low-flowing or completely stagnant waters. From this point of view, pikes are river predators. But they are often found in desalinated areas of certain seas. For example, you can meet pike in Riga, Finnish and Baltic Sea, as well as in the Taganrog Bay Sea of ​​Azov. So from this point of view, pikes are predatory fish of the sea.

What does the common pike eat?

Its main diet is based on representatives various types fish For example, they are happy to attack:

• perch;
• ruffs;
• minnows;
• breamers;
• minnows;
• silver bream;
• loaches;
• sculpin gobies.

When asked about which fish eats which, avid fishermen say that what comes to mind is pike, which happily eats roach. This is understandable: the fact is that pike is the unspoken symbol of all river predators in our country, and roach is its favorite food.

Ichthyologists describe cases when these fish grabbed and pulled mice, rats, small ducklings, waders and even squirrels into the water! All these animals swam across fresh water bodies during their seasonal migrations. Large individuals can generally attack adult ducks, especially during their molting period. In the spring and early summer season, pike readily feed on crayfish and frogs. By the way, the victim of a pike can often be a fish that is almost twice the size of the predator itself!

The most dangerous and predatory fish on Earth is the white shark

A predatory fish called the man-eating shark, carcharodon, or great white shark, is the most terrible and one of the largest fish on our planet. On average, these predators grow up to 4.7 meters in length, but ichthyologists have recorded individual individuals reaching 7 meters in length and weighing up to 1900 kilograms. Sharks have no bones; their skeleton consists entirely of cartilage. The skin of many of them is covered with razor-sharp spines. Interestingly, the inhabitants of some islands use shark skin as a polishing material.

Where do white sharks live?

Their distribution area is huge! These predators live in open oceans and coastal waters of the island and continental shelves, the temperature of which reaches 13-25 degrees Celsius. But there are also sharks who prefer to swim in tropical waters. The main area where these monsters gather is coastal waters Baja California (Mexico), California (USA), New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and Mediterranean Sea. This scary fish you can meet (but it’s better not to meet!) and East Coast USA, off the coast of Cuba, Argentina, Brazil, etc. She inhabits the Red Sea ( Indian Ocean), Seychelles, waters of Mauritius, etc.

What does a white shark eat?

White sharks are predatory fish (photo below), devouring everything in their path. “A wolf on land is a shark in the sea,” as sailors say. And for good reason! These dangerous predators whole flocks chase ships in anticipation of a person or other living creature falling into the water. But, as a rule, this does not happen, so white sharks (and sharks in general) take great pleasure in eating everything that ill-mannered people throw not into trash bins, but straight from ships into the seas and oceans:

• tin cans;
• flasks;
• empty bottles;
• disposable tableware;
• other rubbish.

If we talk about animal food, then these fish hunt mainly during the daytime and eat animals such as:

• stingrays;
• tuna;
• other sharks;
• dolphins;
• porpoises;
• whales;
• seals;
• fur seals;
• sea ​​turtles;
• birds.

White sharks can also be scavengers: they will never pass by the carcass of a dead whale. By the way, the hunting tactics of these predators directly depend on this or that prey. For example, off Seal Island they attack Cape seals at enormous speeds, and off the coast of California they immobilize northern seals; these sea predators grab them right from the surface of the water, dragging them along with them into the depths of the sea.