Emotions that a person can experience. All emotions, feelings and states

Each of us has emotions, it is a natural part of our Self that makes us who we are. Inherited by us from our distant, distant ancestors, emotions help us understand the world around us and ourselves, and even fill our lives with meaning. It is difficult to overestimate the role they play in our lives; emotions are really important for each of us, although sometimes they are the ones that cause us a lot of problems. In order to begin to benefit from our emotions, we must, at a minimum, gain an understanding of what emotions are and what emotions we can experience. In this article I will try to give the most full list human emotions. Knowing this list will help you understand yourself and develop your emotional intelligence.

There is a huge list of human emotions that we are capable of experiencing. However, we simply do not notice most of them because we often find it difficult to distinguish basic emotions such as joy, fear and anger from the many other emotions associated with them.

Researchers of human nature identify three categories of emotions:

Primary emotions are the basic human emotions that arise in response to external stimuli. Thus, we may experience fear when our well-being and life are threatened, or sadness when we learn about the death of other people or animals. Primary emotions are instinctive in nature, so we are least able to control them.

Secondary emotions are strongly expressed emotional states, intense and long-lasting, appearing after primary emotions. For example, when we are faced with a threat and begin to feel fear, it turns into anger, which mobilizes our strength to fight this threat.

Tertiary Emotions – The third category of emotions proposed by Robert Platchik is often overlooked by researchers and serves as a complement to primary and secondary emotions. This series of emotions is represented by the greatest variety of emotional states characteristic of a person; usually, these emotions are difficult to distinguish from secondary emotions for a person with undeveloped emotional awareness.

Among the characteristics, the main one is the valence or tone of an emotion - that is, its belonging to a negative or positive series. Thus, emotions are positive (positive) and negative (negative). It should be noted that there are much more negative emotions than positive ones, which is probably due to the need to survive in such complex world, like ours. In addition to valence, there are such characteristics as sthenicity, or the division of emotions into motivating and paralyzing, intensity, or the strength of the emotion, and content, or the difference between emotions from each other by the situation in which they arose.

List of human emotions

To begin with, I will give a list of emotions, ordering them by such characteristics as intensity and tone. The intensity of emotions in this list increases from top to bottom for positive and negative emotions separately.

Positive emotions

PleasureJoyFunHappinessRejoicing

HopeExpectationReliefConfidenceCertainty

AbilitySkillConfidenceFortressPower

SufficiencyGoodnessSignificanceSuperiorityGreatness

Positive emotions similar in content

ComfortRelaxationHappyCalm

AspirationSurpriseExcitementLiveness

ResiliencePositivityComplacencyBrilliance

InterestEnchantmentAweInspiration

LoveCompassionSympathy

Other positive emotions

Admiration Peacefulness Effectiveness Humor Charm Decisiveness Gracefulness Playfulness Cheerfulness Energetic Gratitude Pride

Negative emotions

WorryWorryAnxietyStressDaze

FatigueWeightednessFatigueExhaustionEmptyness

NervousIntimidationFearHostilityAffect

EmbarrassmentIrritationFrustrationAngerRabies

IndifferenceDisregardContemptRudeRejection

SadnessDejectionGriefAgonySuffering

CautionDoubtHesitationAwarenessSuspiciousness

NervousnessScaredFearShockPanic

DissatisfactionDisappointmentDepression

Other negative emotions

Confusion Greed Jealousy Conscience Disgust Guilt Influence Vengeance Confusion Ordeal Pressure Shame Envy Humiliation Regret Extravagance

It should be noted that I do not claim the complete truth of the presentation, since, as a psychological phenomenon, emotions have so far been little studied and different authors cite different ways their classifications. In addition, since each of us is unique, we experience some of the emotions, especially the third-tier emotions, differently, and some of them are not considered emotions at all. Next, I offer you Robert Platechik’s table of emotions for you to study.

Table of emotions according to Robert Platechik:

Primary Emotions	Secondary emotions	Tertiary emotions
Love	Attraction	attraction, adoration, affection, falling in love, tenderness, sympathy, attraction, care, sensitivity, compassion, sentimentality
	Lust	lust, awakening, desire, lust, passion, reckless passion
	Strong desire	craving
Joy	Cheerfulness	cheerfulness, fun, bliss, jubilation, sociability, pleasure, delight, enjoyment, happiness, delight, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria
	Interest	enthusiasm, zeal, liveliness, excitement, trepidation
	Satisfaction	contentment, joy
	Pride	arrogance, triumph
	Optimism	zeal, hope, positivity
	Relief	salvation, liberation
Astonishment	Dazed	amazement, bewilderment
Anger	Irritation	agitation, annoyance, grumpiness, grumpiness
	Bitterness	biliousness, upset
	Fury	anger, rage, fury, deep indignation, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hatred, contempt, hostility, antipathy, indignation
	Disgust	disgust, disrespect, disgust
	Envy	annoyance, jealousy
	Flour	torment
Sadness	Suffering	agony, pain, melancholy
	Dejection	oppression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, misfortune, grief, sorrow, sadness, melancholy
	Discontent	disappointment, dissatisfaction
	Shame	guilt, shame, regret, remorse
	Neglect	alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, nostalgia, defeat, depression, insecurity, confusion, humiliation, abuse
	Compassion	pity, sympathy
Fear	Horror	anxiety, shock, apprehension, fright, panic, hysteria
Fear	Nervousness	Anxiety, tension, discomfort, apprehension, excitement, malaise, fear

I will come back to finalize the list of emotions in the future and try to make it as accurate and true as possible. I hope that the following list of emotions will give you general idea about existing human emotions and their great diversity, and will also help increase your level of emotional awareness and emotional intelligence. Good luck to you!

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What are the feelings? | what are.rf

Feelings and emotions have a close connection with inner world people. Every person is very often timid and denies own feelings, confusing them with emotions or one’s own state. To confuse any person, simply ask him how he feels now. This question can baffle every member of society. Many psychotherapists confirm the difficulty this issue, because it is very difficult to talk about a momentary sensation that changes instantly. People differ from machines in that they experience a wide variety of emotional sensations every second. Just as it is difficult to understand feelings and emotions, their reason remains a mystery to many.

Feelings have a stable emotional coloring of the relationship to a situation, object or subject. Feeling and thoughts are completely connected with each other.

Not only are our feelings and emotions not understood in themselves, but their causes remain a mystery to many.

Means of cognition of sensations

A person receives all information about the world through the senses. These include: eyes, skin, nose, tongue, ears. With the help of these organs, people have an idea of the world around them, see them, hear them, can feel them, and distinguish taste. There are other organs, but they are not the main ones.

Classification of feelings

There is no clear classification of feelings. But there are certain sets of feelings programmed by the film industry, by the interaction of society with an individual. Thus, an established set of all the feelings that everyone should feel was developed. Without experiencing what society feels, you can very quickly fall into the category of “strange” people.

It is enough to correctly determine what feelings a person has - it will absolutely not work. Some sensations haunt a person since the maternity hospital, while others he learns in the process of life, from his family, friends, and acquaintances. The baby experiences innate feelings from birth. Many scientists argue that innate emotions include manifestations in a child immediately after birth, before social factor and the role of parents will play a role. Psychologists have not yet come to a single list of these feelings. But still, the majority claims that these include: pleasure, joy, excitability, interest, surprise, fear, anger, irritability, fear, disgust. Other emotions come with age.

Higher feelings can also be called moral; they indicate how a person relates to the society in which he is, to the people around him, to himself. However, they are subjective, because the individual learns to understand the interpretation of good and bad actions in his own society, in which the norm of behavior may be completely opposite to other societies.

Higher or moral feelings express a person’s attitude towards society, the people around him and himself. Higher feelings are always subjective, because we learn what is right and what is wrong from our society, and the norms of behavior can be completely opposite in different societies.

Basic feelings, human emotions, can be divided into 3 groups: positive, negative, neutral.

The positive ones include:

joyful emotions
pleasure
enthusiasm
confidence
satisfaction
tenderness
joy
pride
admiration
trust
hardness
rapture
favor
attachment
respect
appreciation
moved
complacency
weasel
malignancy
complacency
relief
harmlessness.

To the negative:

grief
despondency
bitterness
insult
despair
fear
dissatisfaction
anxiety
fear
compassion
remorse
resentment
enmity
envy
indecisiveness
jealousy
anger
sadness
yearning
disgust
neglect
chagrin
regret
remorse

Neutral:

curiosity
astonishment
amazement
calmness
indifference

Every person has experienced one or another feeling at least once in their life. Positive sensations have a beneficial effect on the human body and reinforce the desired form of behavior in memory. Negative ones, despite the fact that they are ignored and people try to forget them quickly, do not pass without a trace. It’s not for nothing that all doctors constantly say that you need to think only about the good, rejecting bad thoughts. If you cannot avoid negative emotions, then it is better to develop the habit of reacting neutrally. Let it be better to be indifferent if you can’t think positively. As a result, if a person constantly analyzes his behavior and attitude towards what is happening, then things can be either better or worse.

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All emotions, feelings and states

I present to the attention of readers a complete list of emotions, feelings and states experienced by a person. Count how many there are. If they tell you that you are insensitive (this is a quality or personality trait, see the full list here), then look here and you will definitely find your feeling.

Aggression
Adequacy
Excitement
Antipathy
Apathy
Hopelessness
Safety
Indifference
Madness
Indifference
Hopelessness
Anxiety
Uselessness
Impotence
Gratitude
Grace
Benevolence
Wellbeing
Bliss
Cheerfulness
Fear
Disgust
Inspiration
Loyalty
Fun
Authority
Attraction
Love
Disturbance
Excitement
Delight
Admiration
Hostility
Omnipotence
Arrogance
Pride
Bitterness
Sadness
Discomfort
Trust
Annoyance
Maliciousness
Pity
Sacrifice
Care
Addiction
Envy
Confusion
Security
Malice
Gloat
Anger
Amazement
Interest
Irony
Sincerity
Fright
Earnestness
Frenzy
Coquetry
Comfort
Rejoicing
Love
Curiosity
Cowardice
Mayata
Suspiciousness
Vindictiveness
Hope
Voltage
Pleasure
Perseverance
Alertness
Indignation
Mistrust
Discontent
Confusion
Tenderness
Independence
Fury
Hatred
Dislike
Rejection
Unpleasant
Impatience
Uncertainty
Dissatisfaction
Displeasure
Resentment
Relief
Reproof
Adoration
Doom
Chagrin
Loneliness
Concern
Insight
Disgust
Fear
Danger
Optimism
Devastation
Insult
Courage
Rejection
Disgust
Responsiveness
Frankness
Detachment
Rejection
Despair
Alienation
Charm
Sadness
Depression
Suspicion
rise
Repentance
Peace
Subsequence
Devotion
Anticipation
Contempt
Reverence
Neglect
Appreciation
Acceptance
Acceptance
Protest
Indifference
Joy
Irritation
Disappointment
Repentance
Liberation
Absent-mindedness
Confusion
Jealousy
Complacency
Self-sufficiency
Conceit
Dedication
Self-esteem
Self-confidence
Self-satisfaction
Freedom
Love of freedom
Sympathy
Skepticism
Sorrow
Modesty
Boredom
Courage
Humility
Confusion
Embarrassment
Condescension
Conscientiousness
Regret
Doubt
Empathy
Rivalry
Involvement
Resistance
Compassion
Complicity
Sympathy
Calm
Justice
Suffering
Fear
Stupor
Happiness
Hardness
Patience
Tolerance
Languor
Yearning
Anxiety
Anxiety
Trembling
Belief
Respect
Confidence
Oppression
Astonishment
Satisfaction
Pleasure
Tenderness
Humiliation
Dejection
Stubbornness
Perseverance
Stubbornness
Fatigue
Disadvantage
Damage
Cold
Determination
Cynicism
Euphoria
Ecstasy
Empathy
Enthusiasm
Acrimony
Fury

kotva.ru

What are the feelings and emotions for a loved one, boyfriend, girlfriend, between a man and a woman - a list

Many people ask what feelings and emotions there are for a loved one, boyfriend, girlfriend, or between a man and a woman in psychology. Since it is very useful to express and show your feelings for the person you really love for a long time. Of course, you shouldn’t express your feelings during the first 2-3 meetings, as it will seem strange. But keeping your feelings for a person locked up for several months is dangerous, as he or she may think that you have fallen out of love.

In the article you will learn what feelings and emotions actually exist for a loved one, between a man and a woman, and for a guy or girl. Learn to express your feelings, because no one but you knows what’s inside you. You can love a person very much for several years, but by hiding it from this person, this can ultimately lead to separation and divorce. Take care of your relationship and express your feelings on time, but not too early.

What are the feelings and emotions - list

Feelings are different, but in order to know the whole list of feelings and emotions, you need to study practical psychology. We will list you only the most basic feelings and emotions. The first thing you need to know is that feelings and emotions are divided into two groups, positive and negative.

Positive feelings and emotions

Positive feelings and emotions include: love, happiness, joy, laughter, pleasure, gratitude, laughter, fun, surprise, reliability, success.

Negative emotions and feelings

Negative feelings and emotions include: fear, resentment, anxiety, depression, despondency, sadness, disappointment, stress, pessimism, anger, hatred, selfishness. Find out: what to do on the Internet.

What are the feelings and emotions for a loved one, boyfriend or girlfriend?

Of course, feelings and emotions for a loved one, boyfriend or girlfriend are different. It can be a simple passion, when there is some sympathy and interest in each other, but nothing more. There is also attachment when people already long time together, but don't love each other, but can't get rid of each other. For example, they may be restrained by the opinions of others, children, fear, habit, pity for each other.

But the most strong feeling– this is, of course, love, which is given to few. Today, more than 90% of couples do not have love, or for example the guy has love for the girl, but she does not, and loves another guy. Not mutual love or complete, its absence is inherent modern people and youth. That is why today there are few successful marriages that get divorced within 2-3 years, but the children are left without parents. Find out how many sense organs there are.

What are the feelings and emotions between a man and a woman?

If you want to know what feelings and emotions exist between a man and a woman, study psychology. But the most common feelings are: infatuation, sympathy, passion, love, affection, attractiveness, falling in love, betrayal, betrayal, quarrel, deception, selfishness.

After all, there are both positive and negative emotions and feelings between a man and a woman. Alas, today treason and betrayal are more common than love. People often compare each other and therefore begin to cheat, with the hope of finding someone better, which ultimately only leads to suffering and problems.

ADVICE FROM A PSYCHOLOGIST

knigarazuma.ru

List of feelings (table) | Owl Psychologist

Feelings table

The first five feelings are called basic - they are anger, fear, sadness, joy and love - look what they mean. The rest are shades and synonyms (shown in the table). And besides, there are also mixed feelings (presented below):

ANGER	FEAR	SADNESS	JOY	LOVE
RABIES	HORROR	BITTERNESS	HAPPINESS	TENDERNESS
RAGE	DESPAIR	YEARNING	DELIGHT	HEAT
HATRED	FEAR	SORROW	JOYING	SYMPATHY
HYSTERIA	STUPID	LAZINESS	ELEVATION	BLISS
ANGER	SUSPICION	PITY	REVIVAL	TRUST
IRRITATION	ANXIETY	DETACHMENT	PACIFICATION	SAFETY
CONTEMPT	STUNNED	DESPAIR	ENTHUSIASM	GRATITUDE
INDIGNATION	ANXIETY	HELPLESS	INTEREST	CALM
RESULT	FEAR	HEART PAIN	CARE	SYMPATHY
JEALOUSY	HUMILIATION	HOPELESSNESS	EXPECTATION	IDENTITY
VULNERABILITY	CONFUSION	ALIENATION	EXCITATION	PRIDE
ANNOYANCE	CONFUSION	DISAPPOINTMENT	ANTICIPATION	ADMIRATION
ENVY	GUILT, SHAME	SHOCK	HOPE	RESPECT
HATE	DOUBT	REGRET	CURIOSITY	SELF-WORTH
DISTURBANCE	SHYNESS	BOREDOM	LIBERATION	LOVE
DISGUST	FEAR	HOPELESS	ACCEPTANCE	LOVE FOR YOURSELF
ENVY	EMBARRASSMENT	SADNESS	ACCEPTANCE	fascination
BROKEN	TRAPPED	IMPATIENCE	HUMILITY
TRICK	FAITH	SINCERITY
ARROGANCE	AMAZEMENT	FRIENDLINESS
STUNNED	KINDNESS
UNITY
MUTUAL REACH
THOUGHTS (or human states) CAUSED BY A GAMMA OF FEELINGS:
NERVOUSNESS	REPENTANCE	DEAD END	SATISFACTION	EMPATHY
NEGLIGENCE	HOPELESSNESS	FATIGUE	CONFIDENCE	INVOLVEMENT
DISCONTENT	SUPERIORITY	COMPULSION	CONTENTMENT	EQUILIBRIUM
HARMFUL	ARROGANCE	LONELINESS	ENCOURAGEMENT	HUMILITY
DISGRACE	INFERIORITY	DETERMINATION	SOLEMNITY	NATURALITY
INTOLERANCE	INCONVENIENCE	DEPRESSION	JOY OF LIFE	LOVE OF LIFE
PERMISSIVENESS	AWKWARDS	COLD	RELIEF	INSPIRATION
APATHY / INDIFFERENCE	INDIFFERENCE	ENCOURAGEMENT	INSPIRATION
UNCERTAINTY	INDIFFERENCE	ASTONISHMENT

sova-psiholog.ru

What are the feelings?

Our emotions and feelings are reactions to past or current events. They are a product of thinking, feeling and accumulated experience. Let us consider in more detail what types of feelings there are.

What are the sense organs?

Vision. It is one of the most important sense organs. With its help, a person receives more than 95% of information. It allows you not only to identify an object, but also to understand its location in space, monitor its movement, determine colors and brightness.
Hearing. Allows you to perceive information even at a great distance. Without it, people lose the ability to pronounce articulate speech, and animals cannot escape from predators or detect prey.
Equilibrium. The vestibular apparatus allows you to determine the position of the body and navigate in space. Participates in the implementation of conscious movements.
Taste. Our tongue has taste buds that respond to salty, sweet, sour, bitter, etc. Temperature, pain, olfactory and tactile receptors help recognize taste.
Touch. Feeling objects provides information about the size, surface, shape, density and other properties of the object. A person can learn to recognize the vibrational feeling that he has great value for deaf people.
Smell. There are olfactory cells in the nose, each of which detects a substance of a certain composition and sends an impulse to the brain. It is worth remembering that volatile and soluble substances may cause irritation of olfactory cells.

What are the feelings and emotions?

Now you know what feelings are like. We have given a list of the most important emotions of Izard Carroll, a famous American psychologist.

womanadvice.ru

Vladlen Pisarev, private psychologist, online consultations, Moscow: Emotions and feelings: list

In consultations, I often hear from my clients that they cannot name what is happening to them now, what feelings they are experiencing now, because they are not psychologists and do not understand this. Such words cause me a lot of surprise, since everything related to the experience of feelings and emotions is not something special and does not require special training. To realize and express your feelings and emotions you don’t have to be professional psychologist or a psychotherapist. Feelings and emotions appear in us from birth, and then form and develop throughout our lives. Therefore, everything that concerns our feelings and emotions is available to every person. This is what every person lives with.

The emotional part of human life, unfortunately, has not been studied enough. There is no consensus or approach regarding emotions. At the same time, still in some matters common language found. Most experts identify such a concept as basic or primary emotions. These are the emotions that represent the material from which our other feelings and emotions are built. Their various combinations lead to the formation of new emotional experiences.

Professionals who study emotions have different approaches to what emotions can be classified as primary. Some believe that only innate emotions are primary. Others, along with them, also include those emotions that arise in an infant as primary. The position of the latter is closer to me. I believe that basic emotions are based on innate emotional reactions, and on emotions that arise after birth within a few months. I include pleasure (joy), interest (excitement), dissatisfaction (anger), surprise, fear (fear), disgust. Primary emotions are those emotions that arise in all people. Normally, all people experience them; this ability can only be lost due to brain injuries or in the presence of certain mental illness. You can see how our emotions are formed in the brain here. Their accommodation is available to everyone. The rest are formed in the process of life and growing up, so the emotional world of each person is unique. If you observe children, you will immediately notice that they are more free to express their feelings and emotions, unlike adults. This happens due to the existing ban on the expression of feelings and emotions in adults (environmental influence). This is caused by the high prevalence of alexithymia. If adults helped the development of the emotional sphere in children, and did not hinder them, then each person would be able to freely express their feelings and emotions, live them, name them, and share them with other people. People would more often like to convey to others their emotional experiences rather than logical reasoning. The richer a person’s emotional world, the more he can get from life. This is an opportunity to live your life more fully, brighter, more interesting. It's like the difference in the sound of a melody when playing a guitar in a room, or when a whole orchestra performs in a concert hall.

The world of human emotional experiences is very rich. You can compile a list of emotional experiences in different ways, guided by different considerations. Whatever approaches you use in creating this list, you can definitely count more than fifty different emotional states. There are about a hundred of them on my list. So much has accumulated, despite the fact that I do not include in it more complex concepts and states, such as love, excitement, honor, etc., because, along with emotions, they include a lot of other things. These states and concepts are also formed in each person in their own way. Moreover, their set is very unique. Some people have no honor and others have no dignity. Someone, on the contrary, is very proud. It's not about good and bad. It's about genes and environment, who grew up in what. Depending on the environment, the content of these states and concepts is different, in contrast to emotions, the language of which is understandable to completely different people regardless of race, nation or place of residence.

List of feelings and emotions

Hopelessness Security Anxiety Helplessness Powerlessness Fury Gratitude Fear Disgust Inspiration Fun Guilt Excitement Indignation Inspiration Delight Admiration Arrogance Anger Pride Grief Bitterness Sadness Trust Annoyance Pity Envy Confusion Shyness Schadenfreude Anger Interest Irony Fear Jubilation Curiosity Vengefulness Hope Mistrust Dissatisfaction Indignation Tenderness Awkwardness Hatred Dislike Indecisiveness Indecisiveness Impatience Uncertainty Resentment Relief Doom Loneliness Bitterness Animation Puzzle Disgust Fear Emptiness Rejection Disgust Despair Numbness Dazed Panic Sadness Peace Gratitude Elation Protest Joy Irritation Confusion Timidity Sarcasm Sympathy Sorrow Boredom Humility Confusion Doubt Empathy Calm Compassion Sympathy Passion Shame Solemnity Melancholy Anxiety Heaviness Respect Confidence Passion Surprise Satisfaction Pleasure Horror Peace Humiliation Dejection Rapture Damage Vulnerability Euphoria Rage

A man has lost his temper, how to get his feelings back

How to understand that a male colleague is in love but hides his feelings

If we asked a robot to describe the weather outside, it would respond something like this: “The air temperature is 5 degrees below zero, snow, no wind”.

Here's how a person would talk about the weather: "Hooray! Real winter! It's snowing all day long, just great weather for sledding and snowball fights!”.

What do you think is the difference between these two statements? The main difference between people and robots is that they are able to experience feelings and emotions.

This is what we will talk about.

What is good for us usually causes positive emotions; what is dangerous is negative.

Emotions can change the state of the body. So, when we see something frightening, our pulse and breathing increase, the brain begins to receive more oxygen and nutrients, pupils dilate.

All this is necessary in order to be able to escape or, conversely, fight the enemy: in other words, to protect yourself from danger.

Emotions motivate us to act or force us not to repeat “harmful” actions. For example, if we become interested in something, we will definitely study the object or phenomenon that aroused our interest.

And if we are ashamed of some action, we will try to behave differently in the future. The emotion recognition center “turns on” in a very early age: The baby can recognize the mother's smile and smiles back.

How are emotions different from feelings and moods?

The emotion disappears as soon as the circumstances that caused it disappear.

Mood, on the contrary, is a long-term state of the general emotional background. If it is gloomy, then everything around seems gloomy, as if you are looking at the world around us through dark glasses.

And when the mood is good, minor troubles seem insignificant. It is no coincidence that people who notice only positive aspects are said to look at the world through rose-colored glasses.

It is believed that there are only ten basic emotions:

Joy
Astonishment
Interest
Sadness
Disgust
Contempt
Fear

Animals also experience emotions. Looking at a dog or cat, we can immediately understand what mood it is in.

Pets also “read” our facial expressions, body position, and evaluate movements. If the owner is angry, his dog will instantly feel it.

We draw your attention to and - very exciting information!

Human feelings

Feeling is a stable emotional attitude towards other people and phenomena. Emotions usually pass by our consciousness, but we can grow feelings like flowers.

You can cultivate a sense of beauty in yourself - the ability to enjoy beauty, love, a sense of responsibility; or you can have negative feelings - hatred, envy, jealousy or resentment.

This point is very important, since any person is responsible for the feelings that he cultivates in himself.

Engravings of feelings and emotions prepared for the Encyclopedia Londinensis. 1821

It is important to remember that negative, negative feelings and emotions not only interfere with communicating with other people (few people would want to be friends with an angry or whining person), but also weaken the body.

Not by chance folk wisdom states that all diseases originate from the nerves.

A positive attitude towards life helps to cope with any problem.

Scientists claim that Bad mood can be overcome with the help of bananas or chocolate, since when they are consumed, endorphins - joy hormones - begin to enter the blood.

If you like interesting facts about everything - subscribe to any social network. It's always interesting with us!

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They have a close connection with the inner world of people. Every person is very often timid and denies his own feelings, confusing them with emotions or his own state. To confuse any person, simply ask him how he feels now. This question can baffle every member of society. Many psychotherapists confirm the difficulty of this issue, because it is very difficult to talk about a momentary sensation that changes instantly. People differ from machines in that they experience a wide variety of emotional sensations every second. Just as it is difficult to understand feelings and emotions, their reason remains a mystery to many.

Feelings have a stable emotional coloring of the relationship to a situation, object or subject. Feeling and thoughts are completely connected with each other.

Not only are our feelings and emotions not understood in themselves, but their causes remain a mystery to many.

Means of cognition of sensations

Classification of feelings

It is enough to correctly determine what feelings a person has - it will absolutely not work. Some sensations haunt a person since the maternity hospital, while others he learns in the process of life, from his family, friends, and acquaintances. The baby experiences innate feelings from birth. Many scientists argue that innate emotions include manifestations in a child immediately after birth, before the social factor and the role of parents play their role. Psychologists have not yet come to a single list of these feelings. But still, the majority claims that these include: pleasure, joy, excitability, interest, surprise, fear, anger, irritability, fear, disgust. Other emotions come with age.

Basic feelings, human emotions, can be divided into 3 groups: positive, negative, neutral.

The positive ones include:

joyful emotions
pleasure
enthusiasm
confidence
satisfaction
tenderness
joy
pride
admiration
trust
hardness
rapture
favor
attachment
respect
appreciation
moved
complacency
weasel
malignancy
complacency
relief
harmlessness.

To the negative:

grief
despondency
bitterness
insult
despair
fear
dissatisfaction
anxiety
fear
compassion
remorse
resentment
enmity
envy
indecisiveness
jealousy
anger
sadness
yearning
disgust
neglect
chagrin
regret
remorse

Neutral:

curiosity
astonishment
amazement
calmness
indifference

Every person has experienced one or another feeling at least once in their life. Positive sensations have a beneficial effect on the human body and reinforce the desired form of behavior in memory. Negative ones, despite the fact that they are ignored and people try to forget them quickly, do not pass without a trace. It’s not for nothing that all doctors constantly say that you need to think only about good things, rejecting bad thoughts. If you cannot avoid negative emotions, then it is better to develop the habit of reacting neutrally. Let it be better to be indifferent if you can’t think positively. As a result, if a person constantly analyzes his behavior and attitude towards what is happening, then things can be either better or worse.

Feelings and emotions

1. The concept of feelings, emotions and their types. Emotional states

Interacting with the world around us, a person relates to it in a certain way, experiences some feelings about what he remembers, imagines, and thinks about.

A person’s experience of his relationship to what he does or learns, to other people, to himself, is called feelings and emotions.

Feelings and emotions are interconnected but distinct phenomena in the emotional sphere of the individual. Emotions consider a simpler, more direct experience in at the moment related to the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of needs. Manifesting as reactions to objects in the environment, emotions are associated with initial impressions. The first impression of something is purely emotional in nature and is a direct reaction (fear, anger, joy) to some of its external features.

Feeling- it's more complex than emotions, a constant, established attitude of the individual to what he knows and does, to the object of his needs. Feelings are characterized by stability and duration, measured in months and years of life of their subject. Feelings are peculiar only to humans, they are socially conditioned and represent superior product cultural and emotional development of a person. A sense of duty, self-esteem, shame, pride are exclusively human feelings. Animals also have emotions associated with the satisfaction of physiological needs, but in humans even these emotions bear the stamp of social development. All human emotional manifestations are regulated by social norms. A person often subordinates physiological needs to higher, specifically human spiritual needs.

The sources of emotions and feelings are, on the one hand, the surrounding reality reflected in our consciousness, and on the other, our needs. Those objects and phenomena that are not related to our needs and interests do not evoke noticeable feelings in us.

The physiological basis of feelings is primarily the processes occurring in the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex regulates the strength and stability of feelings. Experiences cause excitation processes that, spreading across the cerebral cortex, capture the subcortical centers. In parts of the brain below the cortex cerebral hemispheres, there are various centers of physiological activity of the body: respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and secretory. That is why excitation of the subcortical centers causes increased activity of a number of internal organs. In this regard, the experience of feelings is accompanied by a change in the rhythm of breathing and cardiac activity, the functioning of the secretory glands is disrupted (tears from grief, sweat from excitement). Thus, when experiencing feelings, during emotional states, either an increase or decrease in the intensity of various aspects of human life is observed. In some emotional states we experience a surge of energy, we feel cheerful and efficient, while in others we experience a loss of strength and stiffness in muscle movements.

It must be borne in mind that the inextricable connection between the cerebral cortex and the subcortical region allows a person to control the physiological processes occurring in the body and consciously manage his feelings.

There are three pairs of the simplest emotional experiences.

"Pleasure - displeasure." Satisfaction of a person's physiological, spiritual and intellectual needs is reflected as pleasure, and dissatisfaction is reflected as displeasure.

"Voltage-resolution". The emotion of tension is associated with creating a new or breaking an old way of life and activity. The completion of this process is experienced as an emotion of resolution (relief).

"Excitement - calming." The emotion of excitement is determined by impulses going to the cerebral cortex from the subcortex. The emotional centers located here activate the activity of the cortex. Inhibition by the cortex of impulses coming from the subcortex is experienced as calming.

There are also sthenic (Greek "stenos" - strength) and asthenic (Greek "asthenos" - weakness, impotence) emotions. Stenic emotions increase activity, energy and cause uplift, excitement, vigor (joy, combat excitement, anger, hatred). With sthenic emotions, it is difficult for a person to remain silent, it is difficult not to act actively. Feeling sympathy for a friend, a person looks for a way to help him. Asthenic emotions reduce a person’s activity and energy, and reduce vital activity (sadness, melancholy, despondency, depression). Asthenic emotions are characterized by passivity, contemplation, and relax a person. Sympathy remains a good but sterile emotional experience.

Feelings are usually classified by content. It is customary to distinguish the following types of feelings: moral, intellectual and aesthetic.

Depending on the combination of speed, strength and duration of feelings, they distinguish types of emotional states, the main ones being mood, passion, affect, inspiration, stress and frustration.

Mood- This emotional state, which is characterized by weak or medium strength and significant stability. This or that mood can last for days, weeks, months. This is not a special experience about any specific event, but a “diffused” general state. Mood usually “colors” all other emotional experiences of a person and is reflected in his activity, aspirations, actions and behavior.

Passion is a long-term and stable emotional state. But, unlike mood, passion is characterized by strong emotional intensity. Passion arises when there is a strong desire for certain actions, to achieve a goal and helps this achievement. Positive passions serve as a stimulus for great creative human activity. Passion is a long-lasting, stable and deep feeling that has become a characteristic of a person.

Affects extremely strong, quickly arising and violently occurring short-term emotional states (affects of despair, rage, horror) are called. A person’s actions when affected occur in the form of an “explosion.” Strong emotional arousal manifests itself in violent movements and disordered speech. Sometimes affect manifests itself in tense stiffness of movements, posture or speech (for example, it may be confusion at pleasant but unexpected news). Affects negatively affect human activity, sharply reducing the level of its organization. In a state of passion, a person may experience a temporary loss of volitional control over his behavior, and he may commit rash acts. Any feeling can be experienced in an affective form. Affect is no longer joy, but delight, not grief, but despair, not fear, but horror, not anger, but rage. Affects arise when the will is weakened and are indicators of incontinence, a person’s inability to self-control.

Inspiration How does the emotional state manifest itself? various types activities. It is characterized by great strength and striving for a certain activity. Inspiration occurs in cases where the goal of an activity is clear and the results are clearly presented, and at the same time as necessary and valuable. Inspiration is often experienced as a collective feeling, and the more people are overwhelmed by the feeling of inspiration, the stronger this feeling is experienced by each person individually. This emotional state is especially often and most clearly manifested in people’s creative activity. Inspiration is a kind of mobilization of all the best mental forces of a person.

Stress(English 51ge85 - tension) is a state of excessively strong and prolonged psychological stress that occurs in a person when his nervous system receives emotional overload. The word “stress” was first used by the Canadian biologist G. Selye (1907-1982). He also introduced the concept of “stress phase”, highlighting the stages of anxiety (mobilization of defenses), resistance (adaptation to a difficult situation) and exhaustion (consequences of prolonged exposure to stress). Stress is caused by extreme conditions for a given individual and is experienced with great internal tension. Stress can cause hazardous conditions for life and health, great physical and mental overload, the need to make quick and responsible decisions. With severe stress, the heartbeat and breathing become more frequent, blood pressure rises, a general reaction of excitation occurs, expressed in varying degrees of disorganization of behavior (erratic, uncoordinated movements and gestures, confused, incoherent speech), confusion, difficulties in switching attention are observed, and perception errors are possible , memory, thinking. Stress disorganizes a person’s activities and disrupts the normal course of his behavior. Frequent and prolonged stress has a negative impact on a person’s physical and mental health. However, with mild stress, general physical composure, increased activity, clarity and precision of thought, and quick wits appear.

Frustration - This is a psychological state of disorganization of consciousness and personal activity, caused by objectively insurmountable (or subjectively understood and experienced) obstacles on the way to a very desirable goal. This is an internal conflict between the direction of the individual and objective possibilities with which the individual does not agree. Frustration occurs when the degree of dissatisfaction is greater than what a person can bear, i.e. above the threshold of frustration. In a state of frustration, a person experiences a particularly strong neuropsychic shock. It can manifest itself as extreme annoyance, embitterment, depression, complete indifference to the environment, unlimited self-flagellation.

2. Functions of emotions and feelings, their meaning in human life

Emotions and feelings perform the following functions. Signal(communicative) function is expressed in the fact that emotions and feelings are accompanied by expressive movements:

facial (movement of facial muscles), pantomimic (movement of body muscles, gestures), voice changes, autonomic changes (sweating, redness or paleness of the skin). These displays of emotions and feelings signal to other people what emotions and feelings a person is experiencing; they allow him to convey his experiences to other people, inform them about his attitude to objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality.

Regulatory the function is expressed in the fact that persistent experiences guide our behavior, support it, and force us to overcome obstacles encountered along the way. Regulatory mechanisms of emotions relieve excess emotional arousal. When emotions reach extreme tension, they are transformed into processes such as the release of tear fluid, contraction of facial and respiratory muscles (crying).

Reflective(evaluative) function is expressed in a generalized assessment of phenomena and events. The senses cover the entire body and allow one to determine the usefulness or harmfulness of the factors affecting them and react before the harmful effect itself is determined.

Incentive(stimulating) function. Feelings, as it were, determine the direction of the search that can provide a solution to the problem. Emotional experience contains the image of an object that satisfies needs, and its biased attitude towards it, which prompts a person to act.

Reinforcing the function is expressed in the fact that significant events that cause a strong emotional reaction are quickly and permanently imprinted in memory. Thus, emotions of “success - failure” have the ability to instill love for any type of activity or extinguish it.

Switchable the function is revealed by the competition of motives, as a result of which the dominant need is determined (the struggle between fear and a sense of duty). The attractiveness of the motive, its closeness to personal attitudes, directs the individual’s activity in one direction or another.

Adaptive function. Emotions arise as a means by which living beings establish the significance of certain conditions in order to satisfy the needs that are relevant to them. Thanks to the feeling that arises in time, the body has the opportunity to effectively adapt to environmental conditions.