Sailors briefly. Alexander Matrosov - who is he? People who have accomplished similar feats

To many from the course school history The feat of Alexander Matrosov is known from Soviet times. Streets were named in honor of the young hero, monuments were erected, and his feat inspired others. Being very young, as soon as he got to the front, he covered an enemy bunker with himself, which helped his fellow soldiers win a victory in the battle with the Nazis.

Over time, many facts and details of the life and exploits of Alexander Matrosov were either distorted or lost. To this day, the subject of dispute between scientists remains his real name, place of birth, and work. The circumstances under which he committed a heroic act are still being studied and clarified.

Official biography

According to the official version, the date of birth of Alexander Matveevich Matrosov is February 5, 1924. The place of his birth is considered to be Ekaterinoslav (now Dnieper). As a child, he lived in orphanages in Ivanovo and Melekess (Ulyanovsk region), as well as in a labor colony for children in Ufa. Before going to the front, he managed to work as an apprentice mechanic and an assistant teacher. Sailors applied many times with a request to be sent to the front. Finally, after spending some time as a cadet at the Krasnokholmsky Infantry School near Orenburg, he was sent as a submachine gunner to the second separate rifle battalion of the 91st Siberian Volunteer Brigade, named after I.V. Stalin.

Matrosov's feat

On February 23, 1943, his battalion was given a combat mission, which was to destroy a German stronghold near the village of Chernushki (Pskov region). On the approaches to the village there were three enemy bunkers with machine-gun crews. The assault groups managed to destroy two, but the third continued to hold the defense.

An attempt to destroy the machine gun crew was made by Pyotr Ogurtsov and Alexander Matrosov. The first was seriously wounded, and Matrosov had to move on alone. The grenades thrown into the bunker only briefly forced the crew to stop shelling; it resumed immediately as the fighters tried to come closer. To give his comrades the opportunity to complete the task, the young man rushed to the embrasure and covered it with his body.

This is exactly how everyone knows the feat of Alexander Matrosov.

Identification

The question that interested historians in the first place was whether such a person really existed? It became especially relevant after the submission of an official request for Alexander’s place of birth. The young man himself indicated that he lived in Dnieper. However, as it turned out, in the year of his birth, not a single local registry office registered a boy with that name.

Further investigation and search for the truth about the feat of Alexander Matrosov was carried out by Rauf Khaevich Nasyrov. According to his version, the hero’s real name was Shakiryan. He was originally from the village of Kunakbaevo, Uchalinsky district of Bashkiria. While studying documents in the city council of the city of Uchaly, Nasyrov found records that Mukhamedyanov Shakiryan Yunusovich was born on February 5, 1924 (the official date of birth of Matrosov). After this, the researcher began to check other data presented in the official version.

All close relatives of Mukhamedyanov had already died at that time. Nasyrov managed to find his childhood photographs. After a detailed study and comparison of these photographs with known photographs of Alexander Matrosov, scientific experts came to the conclusion that all photographs depict the same person.

Facts from life

Some facts from life were established during conversations with fellow villagers, inmates of orphanages and fellow soldiers.

Mukhamedyanov’s father was a participant in the civil war, and when he returned disabled, he found himself without a job. The family was poor, and when the boy’s mother died, the father and his seven-year-old son often simply begged for alms. After some time, the father brought another wife, with whom the boy could not get along and was forced to run away from home.

He did not wander for long: from the reception center for children in which he ended up, he was sent to an orphanage in Melekess. It was then that he introduced himself as Alexander Matrosov. However, an official record with that name appears only in the colony where he ended up in February 1938. The place of his birth was also recorded there. It was this data that subsequently found its way into all sources.

It is assumed that Shakiryan decided to change his name because he was afraid of a negative attitude towards himself as a representative of a different nationality. And I chose this surname because I loved the sea very much.

There is another version about the origin. Some believe that he was born in the village of Vysoky Kolok, Novomalyklinsky district (Ulyanovsk region). In the late 1960s, several local residents called themselves relatives of Alexander. They claimed that his father did not return from the civil war, and his mother could not feed her three children and sent one of them to an orphanage.

Official information

According to the official version, the young man worked in Ufa at a furniture factory as a carpenter, but there is no information about how he ended up in the labor colony to which this factory was attached.

During the Soviet era, Matrosov was presented as a role model: a boxer and skier, an author of poetry, a political informant. It was also stated everywhere that his father was a communist, shot to death with his fist.

One version says that his father was a kulak, who was dispossessed and sent to Kazakhstan, after which Alexander ended up in an orphanage.

Real events

In fact, Matrosov worked at the Kuibyshev Carriage Repair Plant in 1939. He didn’t last long there and fled due to difficult working conditions. Some time later, he and his friend were arrested for non-compliance with the regime.

Another document related to Alexander Matrosov dates back to the next year; before that, no mention of him had been found. In October 1940, the Frunzensky District People's Court sentenced him to two years in prison. The reason was a violation of the undertaking not to leave for 24 hours. This sentence was overturned only in 1967.

Joining the army

There is also no exact information about this period of the hero’s life. According to the documents, he was assigned to the rifle battalion on February 25. However, all mentions of his feat indicate February 23. On the other hand, according to available official data, the battle during which Sailors died took place on the 27th.

Controversy surrounding the feat

The feat itself became a subject of controversy. According to experts, even if he approached the firing point, a machine-gun burst, especially fired almost point-blank, would have knocked him down, preventing him from closing the embrasure for a long time.

According to one version, he approached the crew to destroy the machine gunner, but for some reason he could not stay on his feet and fell, blocking the view. In fact, it was pointless to cover the embrasure. It is possible that the soldier was killed while trying to throw a grenade, and for those who were behind him, it might have seemed that he tried to cover the embrasure with himself.

According to supporters of the second version, Matrosov was able to climb onto the roof of the fortification to try to destroy the German machine gunners, using a hole to remove powder gases. He was killed and his body blocked the ventilation hole. The Germans were forced to be distracted to remove him, which gave the Red Army the opportunity to go on the offensive.

Regardless of how everything happened in reality, Alexander Matrosov committed a heroic act, ensuring victory at the cost of his life.

Other heroes

It should also be noted that the feat of Alexander Matrosov in the Great Patriotic War was not unique. Since that time, numerous documents have been preserved confirming that even at the beginning of the war, soldiers tried to cover German firing points with themselves. The first reliably famous heroes were Alexander Pankratov and Yakov Paderin. The first accomplished his feat in August 1941 in a battle near Novgorod. The second died in December of the same year near the village of Ryabinikha (Tver region). The poet N. S. Tikhonov, author of “The Ballad of Three Communists,” described the feat of three soldiers at once, Gerasimenko, Cheremnov and Krasilov, who rushed to enemy firing points in the battle near Novgorod in January 1942.

After the hero Alexander Matrosov, within only one month, 13 more soldiers accomplished the same feat. In total, there were more than 400 such brave young people. Many were awarded posthumously, some were awarded the title of Hero of the USSR, although almost no one knows about their feat. Most of the brave soldiers were never known; their names somehow disappeared from official documents.

Here you should pay attention to the fact that Alexander Matrosov, whose monuments stand in many cities (Ufa, Dnepropetrovsk, Barnaul, Velikiye Luki, etc.), due to certain circumstances, became the collective image of all these soldiers, each of whom accomplished his own feat and remained unknown.

Perpetuating the name

Originally Hero Soviet Union Alexander Matrosov was buried at the site of his death, but in 1948 his remains were reburied in the city of Velikiye Luki. By order of I. Stalin dated September 8, 1943, his name was forever included in the list of the first company of the 254th Guards Regiment, his place of service. During the war, the military leadership, with poorly trained soldiers at hand, used his image as an example of dedication and self-sacrifice, encouraging young men to take unnecessary risks.

Perhaps Alexander Matrosov is not known to us by his real name, and the details of his life in reality differ from the picture that the Soviet government painted for the sake of political propaganda and inspiration for inexperienced soldiers. This does not negate his feat. This young man, who had been at the front for only a few days, sacrificed his life for the victory of his comrades. Thanks to his courage and valor, he rightfully deserved all honors.

Alexander Matveevich Matrosov (Shakiryan Yunusovich Mukhamedyanov)(February 5, 1924, Ekaterinoslav - February 27, 1943, Chernushki village, now Pskov region) - Hero of the Soviet Union (06/19/1943), Red Army soldier, machine gunner of the 2nd separate battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin of the 6th Stalinist Siberian Volunteer Rifle Corps of the 22nd Army of the Kalinin Front, member of the Komsomol. Known for his self-sacrificing feat, when he covered the embrasure of a German bunker with his chest. His feat was widely covered in newspapers, magazines, literature, cinema and became a stable expression in the Russian language.

Biography

According to the official version, Alexander Matveevich Matrosov was born on February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk), and was brought up in the Ivanovsky (Maryinsky district) and Melekessky orphanages in the Ulyanovsk region and in the Ufa children's labor colony. After finishing 7th grade, he worked in the same colony as an assistant teacher.

According to another version, Matrosov’s real name is Shakiryan Yunusovich Mukhamedyanov, and he was born in the village of Kunakbaevo, Tamyan-Katay canton of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (now Uchalinsky district of Bashkortostan). According to this version, he took the name Matrosov when he was a homeless child (after he ran away from home after his father’s new marriage) and signed up under it when he was sent to an orphanage. At the same time, Matrosov himself called himself Matrosov.

After the start of the Great Patriotic War, Sailors repeatedly made written requests to be sent to the front. In September 1942, he was drafted into the army and began his studies at the Krasnokholmsky Infantry School (near Orenburg), but already in January 1943, together with the school cadets, he volunteered as part of a marching company to the Kalinin Front. From February 25, 1943, at the front, he served as part of the 2nd separate rifle battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin (later the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 56th Guards Rifle Division, Kalinin Front).

On February 27, 1943 (although the order naming the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment named after Alexander Matrosov included the date February 23) he died heroically in battle near the village of Chernushki. He was buried there in the village, and in 1948 his ashes were reburied in the city of Velikiye Luki, Pskov region.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 19, 1943, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism displayed, Red Army soldier Alexander Matveevich Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR I.V. Stalin dated September 8, 1943 states: “The great feat of Comrade Matrosov should serve as an example of military valor and heroism for all soldiers of the Red Army.” By the same order, the name of A. M. Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment, and he himself was forever included in the lists of the 1st company of this regiment.

Alexander Matrosov became the first Soviet soldier to be permanently included in the unit lists.

Feat

Official version

Soviet wartime postage stamp (No. 924, July 1944), dedicated to the feat of Alexander Matrosov (drawing by I. Dubasov).

On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received the task of attacking a strong point in the area of ​​the village of Chernushki (Loknyansky district of the Pskov region). As soon as soviet soldiers They passed through the forest and came to the edge, they came under heavy enemy fire - three machine guns in bunkers covered the approaches to the village. Assault groups of two were sent to suppress the firing points.

One machine gun was suppressed by an assault group of machine gunners and armor-piercers; the second bunker was destroyed by another group of armor-piercing soldiers, but the machine gun from the third bunker continued to shoot through the entire ravine in front of the village. Attempts to silence him were unsuccessful. Then Private Pyotr Ogurtsov and Private Alexander Matrosov crawled towards the bunker. On the approaches to the bunker, Ogurtsov was seriously wounded and Sailors decided to complete the operation alone. He approached the embrasure from the flank and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters went on the attack, the machine gun came to life again. Then Matrosov stood up, rushed to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the accomplishment of the unit’s combat mission.

Alternative versions

In post Soviet time Other versions of the event began to be considered. This was facilitated by distrust of Soviet propaganda, the presence of alternative means of combat and some design features of bunkers: a flat vertical front wall, which is difficult to grab onto, and a wide embrasure located relatively high above the ground or reinforced by a slope, which would facilitate the body rolling out of the line of fire.

According to one version, Matrosov was killed on the roof of the bunker when he tried to throw grenades at it. Having fallen, he closed the ventilation hole to remove the powder gases, which gave the fighters of his platoon a break to rush while the enemy dumped his body.

A number of publications have stated that Alexander Matrosov’s feat was unintentional. According to one of these versions, Matrosov actually made his way to the machine gun nest and tried to shoot the machine gunner, or at least prevent him from shooting, but for some reason he fell on the embrasure (he stumbled or was wounded), thereby temporarily blocking the machine gunner’s view. Taking advantage of this hitch, the battalion was able to continue the offensive.

In other options, the problem of the rationality of trying to close the embrasure with your body was discussed when there were other ways to suppress enemy fire. According to former reconnaissance company commander Lazar Lazarev, human body could not serve as any serious obstacle to the bullets of a German machine gun. He also puts forward the version that Sailors was hit by machine-gun fire at the moment when he rose to throw a grenade, which for the soldiers behind him looked like an attempt to shield them from fire with his own body.

In all these cases, only the feat of Alexander Matrosov was discussed and other similar cases were not mentioned.

Propaganda significance

In Soviet propaganda, Matrosov's feat became a symbol of courage and military valor, fearlessness and love for the Motherland. For ideological reasons, the date of the feat was moved to February 23 and dedicated to the Day of the Red Army and Navy, although in the personal list of irretrievable losses of the 2nd separate rifle battalion, Alexander Matrosov was recorded on February 27, 1943, along with five more Red Army soldiers and two junior sergeants, and Sailors got to the front only on February 25th.

More than 400 people performed similar feats during the war.

Awards

• Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) - awarded June 19, 1943
• The order of Lenin

Memory

• He was buried in the city of Velikiye Luki.
• Matrosov’s name was given to the 254th Guards Motorized Rifle Regiment, and he himself was forever included in the lists of the 1st company of this unit.
• A memorial complex was erected at the site of the death of Alexander Matrosov
• Monuments to Alexander Matrosov were erected in the following cities:
  • Velikie Luki
  • Dnepropetrovsk
  • Durtyuli
  • Ishimbay - in the central city park of culture and recreation named after. A. Matrosova (1974), sculptor G. Levitskaya.
  • Koryazhma
  • Krasnoyarsk
  • Kurgan - near the former cinema. Matrosov (now Toyota technical center), monument (1987, sculptor G. P. Levitskaya).
  • Salavat - bust of Matrosov (1961), sculptor Eidlin L. Yu.
  • St. Petersburg (in Moscow Victory Park and on Alexander Matrosov Street).
  • Tolyatti
  • Ulyanovsk
  • Ufa - a monument to Matrosov (1951, sculptor Eidlin L. Yu.) on the territory of the Ministry of Internal Affairs school and a memorial to A. Matrosov and M. Gubaidullin in Victory Park (1980)
  • Kharkiv
  • village Beksi, Rezekne district, Latvian SSR (Matrosov cinema), bust.
  • Halle (Saxony-Anhalt) - GDR (1971), recasting of the monument to Sailors (Ufa).
• A number of streets and parks in many cities of Russia and the CIS countries are named after Alexander Matrosov.

Movies

• “Private Alexander Matrosov” (USSR, 1947)
• "Alexander Matrosov. The truth about the feat" (Russia, 2008)

Source: wikipedia.org

Warriors who covered the embrasures of enemy pillboxes and bunkers with their bodies
on Voronezh land, or born in the Voronezh region

The names of the soldiers who covered the embrasures of enemy pillboxes and bunkers with their bodies are given in alphabetical order. The list is compiled on the basis of documents stored in the Archives of the USSR Ministry of Defense. The list does not include the names of heroes for whom exact data is not available. All data provided is in accordance with the source text.

ABYZOV Mikhail Petrovich (1918, Kemerovo - 07/20/1942, Voronezh), miner, member of the CPSU, foreman and party organizer of the 7th company of the 849th Infantry Regiment of the 303rd Infantry Division, in the ranks of the Red Army since April 1942. , died on July 20, 1942 on the northern outskirts of Voronezh during an assault on an enemy stronghold, rushed forward with a light machine gun and opened fire on the bunker; when the machine gun was disabled, he rushed to the bunker with grenades, blowing it up along with himself, was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner, a street in the Kominternovsky district of Voronezh and a street in the Rudnichny district of the city of Kemerovo were named after Abyzov.

AFANASYEV Ivan Semenovich lieutenant, July 7, 1942, during the defense of Podgorny, commander of the 5th battery of the 424th artillery regiment of the 232nd rifle division, when his observation post was surrounded by German machine gunners, the lieutenant, together with four signalmen, fought off with grenades, and then called in battery fire, shells scattered German machine gunners, almost an entire enemy company was destroyed, two German tanks were knocked out and blocked the path of other vehicles, the brave artilleryman was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin; According to registration data, about 2,300 soldiers were buried in a mass grave, of which, according to the military registration and enlistment office of the Kominternovsky district, the names of 2,251 people were established. The main number of those buried belongs to units of the 107th, 121st, 159th, 161st, 232nd and 33rd Rifle Divisions, 17th, 18th and 25th Tank Corps and other units of the 60th Army.

BOVKUN Mikhail Kuzmich (1921, Mayachka village now Novosanzharsky district, Poltava region) - July 17, 1942, Voronezh), lieutenant, commander of a rifle platoon of the 796th rifle regiment of the 141st rifle division of the 40th army of the Voronezh Front, cavalier Order of Lenin (posthumously), Ukrainian, member of the CPSU, in street battles in Voronezh, covered an enemy firing point with his body, thereby allowing the unit to complete a combat mission; The 796th Infantry Regiment arrived at the front first from the division, on July 5, 1942 it was unloaded at the Boevo station near Voronezh, was transferred to the operational subordination of the 6th Infantry Division and was thrown into battle on the outskirts of Voronezh on the outskirts of Pridacha and Monastyrschinka , by July 9, 1942. transferred to the campus area. There, the regiment as part of General Grishin’s strike group (together with a battalion of heavy tanks, a combined regiment of the NKVD, and part of the forces of the 121st Infantry Division) was drawn into street battles, striking from the direction of the Otrozhka station against the enemy entrenched in the Voronezh Agricultural Institute. As a result of the fighting, the area of ​​the institute, the educational farm, the Bishop's Grove, the Dynamo stadium, the cultural park named after. Kaganovich and part of the brick factory area by July 11, 1942. were mainly assigned to Soviet troops; from 12.7.1942 a massive offensive by the troops of the Voronezh Front began, with the goal, among other things, of liberating Voronezh; during the offensive in the city, on the street. Lenin, Lieutenant Bovkun, moving forward, blew up an enemy machine-gun fire point blocking the path with a bunch of grenades, killing himself; posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin, a street in Central region Voronezh; buried in Voronezh in mass grave No. 15, together with the Red Army soldier of his platoon Gennady Vavilov, who accomplished the same feat two days earlier, and the pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union V.E. Kolesnichenko, the grave of soldiers and the memorial are located on the territory of the station for young naturalists.

VAVILOV Gennady Sergeevich (1923 - 07/11/1942, Voronezh), Red Army soldier of the 2nd company of the 1st battalion of the 796th regiment of the 141st rifle division, during the offensive battle in the area of ​​the Voronezh Agricultural Institute and st. Lenin's company came under heavy fire from bunkers and suffered heavy losses; Vavilov led a group of fighters and destroyed 3 bunkers. The Nazis inflicted especially heavy losses from the bunker near the railway embankment. Vavilov crawled close to the bunker, jumped into it with grenades and blew it up along with the Nazis; Vavilov's feat ensured the advancement of the entire battalion. Posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin, buried in a mass grave near the station of young naturalists; Zemledelcheskaya Street was renamed Vavilova Street (1968).

VOILOKOV Ivan Gavrilovich (1916, Kalikino village, Lebedyansky district, Tambov province, now Dobrovsky district, Lipetsk region - January 13, 1943, Selyavnoye-2 village, Liskinsky district, Voronezh region) guard sergeant, squad commander of the 81st Guards Rifle Regiment 25th Guards Rifle Division of the 40th Army of the Voronezh Front, drafted into the Red Army by the Taldom RVK on July 17, 1941, sent to the 307th Rifle Division. As a cadet in a separate training battalion of the division, he took part in heavy defensive battles in late June - early July 1942. in Livensky district near the village. Vvedenskoye, villages of Redkino, Rosstani. Being armed with a light machine gun, he destroyed snipers and up to 15 enemy soldiers and officers. He was nominated for the Order of the Red Star and awarded the medal “For Courage”. In January 1943, commander of a section of a machine gun company of the 81st Guards Rifle Regiment of the 25th Guards Rifle Division. During the Ostrogozh-Rossoshanskaya operation, the 25th Guards Rifle Division, from January 12, 1943, advanced from a bridgehead near the village. Sentry 1st. On January 13, 1943, two regiments of the division developed an offensive and, near the village of Dovgalevka, stopped in front of a well-fortified defensive line, where units of the 2nd Hungarian Army were defending. The advance was hampered by machine gun fire from a double-embrasure bunker located at a height. I.G. Voilokov, being the commander of the machine gun crew, together with the second number, Private A.D. Strokov, secretly crept closer to the bunker, rolled up a heavy machine gun and began firing at the embrasures. One of the enemy machine guns stopped firing due to the fire of Sergeant Voilokov, the other - after a grenade exploded. However, after the Soviet units again went on the attack, the machine guns started working again. Having spent their ammunition, Sergeant Voilokov and Private Strokov covered the bunker embrasures with their bodies. He was buried in mass grave No. 120 (Selyavnoe-2 village, Liskinsky district). Sergeant Voilokov was not awarded for the feat of the Guard. In 1966, an article “Two people closed the embrasure” appeared in the Voronezh regional newspaper, after which the teacher of the evening school in the village. Verbilki, Moscow region. A study was conducted, the materials of which were sent to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. 15.2.1968 I.G. Voilokov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

GRYAZEV Ivan Andreevich (1917, Solontsy village, Valentinovsky village council, Mikhailovsky (now Kantemirovsky) district, Voronezh region), lieutenant began serving as a platoon commander of the 846th Infantry Regiment, in 1943. appointed to an equivalent position in the 943rd Infantry Regiment of the 267th Infantry Division of the 51st Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front, accomplished his feat in the battles for Sevastopol on May 8, 1944, and was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

DZOTOV Lazar Aleksandrovich (1920 - 08/15/1942, Voronezh), lieutenant, platoon commander of the 454th Infantry Regiment of the 100th Infantry Division, Ossetian by nationality, died in the battles for the Chizhov bridgehead. The machine gunners of Dzotov’s platoon operated as part of the regiment’s forward battalion. In the decisive battle it was necessary to combine two machine-gun platoons and a group of riflemen. In the attack he was mortally wounded, having blocked the embrasure of an enemy bunker. After the death of Dzotov, a letter-testament “To my people” was found, which became known to all the soldiers of the division. In 1975, Staro-Minskaya street in the Leninsky district of Voronezh received the name of Dzotov. In Voronezh, through the efforts of the Ossetian community, it is planned to erect a monument to the hero.

KALININ Alexey Nikolaevich (October 1, 1922, der Kosa Eshem now Kochevsky district of the Perm region), senior sergeant, assistant platoon commander of the 2nd battalion of the 764th rifle regiment of the 232nd rifle division of the 38th army of the Voronezh Front, having left early without parents, was brought up in the family of a comrade, primary education, worked on a collective farm, Komsomol member, in the Red Army from July 1941, graduated from the school for junior commanders, fought on the Voronezh Front, took part in Battle of Kursk,. in a battle when breaking through enemy defenses in the area of ​​the Volkovka farmstead (now within the boundaries of the urban-type settlement Krasnopolye), he performed an unprecedented feat (August 9, 1943), using the hilly terrain, the Germans created a powerful defensive line with bunkers, trenches and communication trenches, received an order to break through the defense enemy in the area of ​​the Volkovka farm, not far from Krasnopolye, the approaches to the height at which the farm was located were covered by the fire of enemy bunkers, three times the battalion fighters went on the attack and each time were forced to retreat to the starting line with losses, to a group of daredevils who undertook to block the firing points fascists, Alexey entered, approaching the bunker, the young man threw two grenades at him one after another, smoke poured out of the embrasure; at this time, Alexei’s fighting friends suppressed another bunker, the battalion units went on the attack, but as soon as they rushed forward, the third enemy bunker “spoke”, senior sergeant Kalinin crawled towards him, when there were no more than 15 meters left to the bunker, he threw a grenade, which exploded at the embrasure, the enemy machine gun fell silent; Alexey made a dash towards the bunker, but at that time the fire resumed with even greater force, and then the senior sergeant rushed forward and covered the bunker embrasure with his body... The fascist machine gun choked. Soviet soldiers launched a decisive attack, destroyed the defending Nazis and rapidly advanced forward. He was buried in a mass grave in the urban-type settlement of Krasnopolye; By decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces (January 10, 1944), for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Awarded the Order of Lenin (01/10/1944; posthumously), medal; A memorial sign was installed at the site of the Hero’s death, a bust was installed in the city of Zarinsk, a school in the village of Novozyryanovo was named after him, and the pioneer squad of school No. 1 in Zarinsk, an obelisk was installed near the school. The Central Museum of the USSR Armed Forces contains a leaflet dedicated to the feat, “The Glorious Military Path of Our Army.”

KUROCHKIN Timofey Petrovich, guard senior sergeant, the 33rd Guards Cavalry Regiment of the 8th Guards Cavalry Division, 6th Guards Cavalry Corps took part in the battle for the village of Volokonovka, which the enemy turned into a strong stronghold (now the regional center of the Belgorod region). The assistant commander of the regiment's reconnaissance platoon, Kurochkin, in a critical battle situation, left without grenades, made a courageous decision - he covered the embrasure of the enemy bunker with his body; A hero from Orenburg gave his life saving his comrades. Earlier, in battles near Moscow, he proved himself to be an excellent horseman and a marksman. “And he already owned a saber,” recalled regiment commander K.I. Mezersky - like a real Cossack. For his dashing action in battle, in which he destroyed four Nazis, he was presented with a gift from the division commander, General Surzhikov, and General Rokossovsky.”

LEVAKOV Vladimir Ivanovich (May 31, 1925, Khrenovoe village, Bobrovsky district - January 20, 1945, buried in Warsaw), lieutenant Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (March 24, 1945), from the workers, graduated from officer infantry courses (1944). Participant of the Great Patriotic War. Platoon commander of the 1006th Infantry Regiment (5th Shock Army, 1st Belorussian Front). On January 20, 1945, during the attack for the city of Kolo (Poland), Levakov covered the embrasure of an enemy bunker with his body. Enlisted forever in the lists of the N-unit, a memorial plaque was installed on the house near the Khrenovaya railway station (Bobrovsky district), where Levakov lived; a street and a school there bear his name, and sports competitions named after Levakov are held annually in the Bobrovsky district.

MERKULOV Ivan Danilovich (1924, the village of Staraya Veduga, Nizhnedevitsky district - 22.2.1944, buried in the village of Osipovka, Kholmsky district, Novgorod region), junior sergeant, Hero of the Soviet Union (15.5.1946), from the peasants, at the beginning During the Great Patriotic War, he participated in the partisan movement (1941), on the fronts from March 1943, as a heavy machine gun gunner of the 312th Infantry Regiment, 43rd Army, 2nd Belorussian Front in the battle for the city of Kholm on 22.2.1944. embrasure of an enemy bunker. Streets in the cities of Kholm and Voronezh are named after Merkulov. An information board was installed in Voronezh (Merkulova Street, 1), and a memorial plaque was installed at one of the workshops of the Voronezh Joint-Stock Aircraft Manufacturing Company (Tsiolkovsky Street, 27) (1965, 1976).

NENASHEV Alexander, a native of the Ternovsky district of the Voronezh region, shielded a soldier from the machine gun of an enemy dugout with his chest and managed to survive.

PROKATOV Vasily Nikolaevich (08/28/1923, village of Kuzovlevo, Vologda province - 12/14/1942, village of Derezovka, Rossoshansky district), sergeant, Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (03/31/1943). From peasants. Graduated from high school. He worked on a collective farm. At the front since July 1941 In December 1942 The squad commander of the 1180th Infantry Regiment of the 350th Infantry Division of the 6th Army of the Voronezh Front participated in reconnaissance preparations for the Ostrogozh-Rossoshansk offensive operation. 12/14/1942 Prokatov, at the head of a group of fighters, crossed the Don River near the village of Derezovka. During the crossing, the enemy opened sudden fire from a bunker. Prokatov approached the bunker and covered its embrasure with his body. He was buried on the banks of the Don near the site of his feat, where a monument was erected and a park named after Prokatov was laid out. At school No. 15 in Vologda there is a Prokatov museum.

PROTANOV Vasily sergeant, Russian, member of the Komsomol, squad leader of the 555th Infantry Regiment, 127th Infantry Division, December 26, 1942, in the battle for the Melovaya height near Novaya Kalitva, Voronezh region.

SERYAKOV Petr Prokhorovich (1920, Podgornoye village - 1944, Gruzdzhiai town, Siauliai) senior sergeant, Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (March 24, 1945), gun crew commander anti-tank gun in fierce battles for in the battles for the liberation of Lithuania mountains. Kuzhay, tied with grenades, threw himself under the tracks of an enemy tank; in Kalach, on the initiative of residents of the street named in honor of Pyotr Seryakov, front-line veterans were delighted with the opening of the bust monument; made of concrete by Kalach resident I.E. Lopatin. and installed on a half-meter stone pedestal (9.5.1968).

STROKOV Alexander Danilovich (1923, Voronezh province - January 13, 1943, village of Selyavnoye-2, now Liskinsky district, Voronezh region), machine gunner of the 81st Guards Rifle Regiment of the 25th Guards Rifle Division of the 40th Army of the Voronezh Front, guard private . Before the war, he lived in the Voronezh region (Gremyachensky district, Ivanovka village). Drafted into the Red Army in 1942. As of January 1943 was the second number of the machine gun crew of the machine gun company of the 81st Guards Rifle Regiment of the 25th Guards Rifle Division. During the Ostrogozh-Rossoshan operation, the 25th Guards Rifle Division from January 12, 1943. attacked from a bridgehead near the village of Storozhevoye Pervoe (“Storozhevoye bridgehead”). January 13, 1943 two regiments of the division developed an offensive near the village of Dovgalevka, but stopped in front of a well-fortified defensive line, where units of the 2nd Hungarian Army were defending. The advance was hampered by machine gun fire from a double-embrasure bunker located at a height. HELL. Strokov, being the second number of the machine gun crew, together with the first number, Sergeant I.G. Voilokov, secretly crept closer to the bunker, rolled up a heavy machine gun and began firing at the embrasures. One of the enemy machine guns stopped firing due to the fire of Sergeant Voilokov, the other - after a grenade exploded. However, after the Soviet units again went on the attack, the machine guns started working again. Having spent their ammunition, Sergeant Voilokov and Private Strokov covered the bunker embrasures with their bodies. Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of Voronezh State Agrarian University S.I. Filonenko, also referring to archival documents from the TsAMO funds, writes about the feat as follows: I.G. Voilokov and A.D. Strokov, “in order to more accurately hit the crew of the enemy machine gun located in the bunker, they dragged their Maxim through the wire and fired several bursts into the embrasure from a distance of 5-7 meters. The crew of the German machine gun was killed, but I.G. was also killed. Voilokov. HELL. Strokov continued to fight and was appointed number 1. Command of the 78th Guards. The joint venture nominated the machine gunner for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.”

SUKMANTSEV Fedor Antonovich (1918, Uryv village, Korotoyak district, Voronezh province), called up by the Korotoyak RVK in 1939, guard captain of the 5th Guards. Airborne Division 10 Guards Airborne Division 57 A, September 16, 1942 of the 1176th Army Artillery Regiment, in Uryv, the fascists from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bheight 160.2 went on the attack, with the support of aviation, artillery and tanks they managed to wedge into the combat positions of the 443rd regiment, large group machine gunners infiltrated to the Church of the Intercession, where the NP of the regiment commander M.M. was located. Golubeva, our artillery struck from behind the Don, controlling its fire, senior lieutenant Sukmantsev sent shells into the very thick of the enemies, at one point he called fire on himself, because The fascists came almost close to the NP, seeing the critical situation, regiment commander M.M. Golubev brought his last reserve into battle - a company of machine gunners under the command of Lieutenant S.I. Bocharov, who drove the enemy away from the Church of the Intercession and then began to pursue him further, the Germans retreated; machine gunners burst into the enemy's position and shot more than 200 enemy soldiers at point-blank range.

TULEBERDIEV Cholponbay (April 13, 1922, Chimkent village, Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - August 6, 1942, buried in the village of Selyavnoye, Liskinsky district), Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (02/04/1943), rifleman of the 636th Infantry Regiment (6th Army, Voronezh Front) distinguished himself on August 6, 1942. in a battle near the village of Selyavnoye, during the offensive operations of the troops of the Voronezh and Bryansk fronts in 1942, Tuleberdiev, as part of a group of fighters, crossed the Don River and came under machine-gun fire from an enemy bunker, covering the embrasure with himself at a critical moment of the battle; monuments to Tuleberdiev were erected at the site of his heroic deed and burial (1974), in the villages of Selyavnoye 2nd (2005) and Uryv, Ostrogozhsky district (1968), Kirovskoye (Talas region, Kyrgyzstan), and the city of Bishkek. The native village, the school in the village of Selyavnoe 2nd, the street in Bishkek and Liski are named after Tuleberdiev; in the village of Chimkent (now Tuleberdievo, Talas region) a museum was opened; a memorial plaque was installed in the city of Liski; Since 2005, a folklore festival in memory of Tuleberdiev has been held annually in the Liskinsky district.

USHAKOV Alexander Mikhailovich (1916, Petropavlovsk, Northern Kazakhstan region - July 7, 1942, village of Semiluki) senior lieutenant, member. Komsomol, in the Red Army since 1937, 3rd Infantry Battalion of the 605th Regiment of the 232nd Infantry Division, a wounded battalion commander died the death of the brave, throwing himself with a bunch of grenades under an enemy tank. The commander’s feat was repeated by Sergeant Chernov. With his throw under the tank, he thwarted another Nazi attack. A stubborn battle raged for several hours on the approaches to the crossing of the Don River. In fierce battles with superior enemy forces, almost the entire 3rd battalion was killed. ... “The battalion fought without the support of tanks, artillery and aviation, without any combat and food support and without communications - this is the situation in which our 3rd battalion, carrying out its first 2 combat missions, cannot escape this truth, for the authenticity of which I throat I’ll bite through any debater, because I experienced it myself to the fullest extent on my own skin”; Survived by his wife Natalya Nazarovna and daughter Larisa, they lived in a military town in Novosibirsk; in the archival documents of the USSR Ministry of Defense he is listed as missing in action.

CHERNOV, a sergeant of the 605th regiment of the 232nd Infantry Division, rushed with a bunch of grenades under enemy tanks. In those hours and days, the situation was no better in the sector of the 605th Infantry Regiment in the Ternovoe-Endovishche-Semiluki-Podkletnoye-Podgornoye area. Here the battalion commander Art. died in battle. Lieutenant A.M. Ushakov, who threw himself under an enemy tank with a bunch of grenades. 150 enemy vehicles were advancing in this area. The battalion commander's feat was repeated by Sergeant Chernov. With his throw under the tank, he thwarted another Nazi attack. The soldiers of the 605th Infantry Regiment (commander Major G.S. Vasiliev) fought selflessly here. On the front sector defended by the 605th Regiment under the command of Grigory Vasilyev, the commander of the artillery battery Afanasyev died, causing fire on himself, Sergeant Chernov with a bunch of grenades threw himself under an enemy tank. The 232nd Division delayed the attack on Voronezh and thwarted the Nazis’ plans to quickly capture the city. By stopping the enemy's advance, it gave our command the opportunity to bring reserve troops into action. Novousmansky district, village Otradnenskoye, village Otradnoye, st. Sovetskaya, 32b, mass grave 208

CHERNYKH Fedor Ivanovich, senior sergeant of the 232nd Infantry Division, near the village of Malyshevo, wounded, continued to command the machine-gun crew, repelling the attacks of the Nazis, having received another shrapnel wound from an enemy shell, before losing consciousness he knocked out an enemy tank with a grenade, and with the last grenade he blew himself up along with the enemies; For this feat he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

SHEVLYAKOV Nikolai Stepanovich (May 2, 1913, Kozlovka village, Borisoglebsk district - December 25, 1941, buried in the village of Kobelevo, Staritsky district, Kalinin region), junior lieutenant Hero of the Sov. Union (5.5.1942), platoon commander of the 1174th Infantry Regiment (30th Army, Kalinin Front). When attacking an enemy stronghold in the area of ​​the village. Novokobelevo (Staritsky district of the Kalinin region) 12/25/1941 Shevlyakov at a critical moment of the battle closed the embrasure of the enemy bunker with his body. In the village of Kozlovka (May 9, 1966), Ternovsky district, village. Voroneno, 15 km from the city of Knin, a monument was erected; street in the city of Klin, Lyubertsy, Moscow region. and in the village of Kozlovka, as well as a school in the village of Kobelevo, bear the name of Shevlyakov.

Tank ram

SEREBRYAKOV Andrey Mikhailovich (October 29, 1913, Ryazhsk - July 27, 1942, Voronezh), senior mechanic-driver of the Hero Sov tank. Union (04/07/1940), Komsomol organizer of the company of the 232nd separate reconnaissance tank battalion of the 39th separate light tank brigade of the 13th Army of the North-Western Front, in the Red Army since 1939, graduated from tank driver mechanic courses, participant of the Soviet- Finnish war of 1939-40. in battles in the Vyborg direction, 12.2.1940. in the battle for the city of Kyurela, he led a tank on the attack eight times, suppressing firing points and destroying enemy personnel; 28.2.1940 during a reconnaissance raid deep into enemy defenses in the area of ​​Lake Heikurila, he established the location of eight pillboxes, the tank was hit, but the crew continued to fight until darkness, at night the tankers repaired the damage and returned to their unit, for this feat he was awarded the title of Hero No. 295; at the end of hostilities, tanker since 1940. lived in Moscow, worked in state security agencies, member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) since 1940;
since 1942, commander of the Felix Dzerzhinsky tank company of the 475th separate heavy tank battalion, the KV tanks of which in May 1942. made at the expense of workers of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow; 20.7.1942 The GB junior lieutenant was tasked with evacuating two damaged tanks from the battlefield. Having secretly approached them in the evening, the tankers began preparatory work, but the enemy discovered the crew’s actions and opened machine-gun and mortar fire; despite the shelling, they continued to evacuate the tank; after the first damaged tank was taken to shelter, the crew immediately began evacuating the second tank, which had settled in a ravine; this tank was also pulled out and successfully evacuated from the battlefield; July 27, 1942 on the northwestern outskirts of the city of Voronezh, as part of a group of three tanks, the task was set to break through the enemy’s defenses and straddle the highway from Voronezh to the village of Podkletnoye; during the attack, the tank, breaking through the enemy’s defenses, rammed several guns, artillery mounts and manpower in the trenches, but was hit and caught fire , decided to stay in the tank and fire, burned in the tank, died a brave death in battle during the defense of the city of Voronezh; buried in mass grave No. 13 (Voronezh city park), streets in the cities of Voronezh and Ryazhsk, a passage in the hero-city of Moscow (in the Sviblovo district) are named after the Hero.

FOLOMEEV Dmitry Sergeevich (18.9.1913, village of Ivanovka, now Saraevsky district of the Ryazan region - 4.7.1954, Moscow), Hero of the Soviet Union (21.4.1943), before being drafted into the Red Army, he lived and worked in Primorye, in the Red Army in 1934-36 and from July 1941 Graduated from junior lieutenant courses. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since August 1942. Platoon commander of the 306th tank battalion of the 106th tank brigade of the 12th tank corps of the 3rd tank army of the Voronezh Front; near Rossosh 14.1.1943 broke into the village of Mikhailovka in a combat vehicle, rammed an enemy tank, fought with the enemy throughout the night, participated in the capture of the division headquarters, banner and documents. 1/17/1943 in the battle for the village of Tatarino, Evdakovsky district, Folomeev’s tank was hit, but the crew continued the battle until our troops arrived. In 1950 graduated from the Higher Officer Automotive School; since 1954 - in reserve, lived in Buturlinovka, then in Moscow.

SHENDRIKOV Nikolay Stepanovich (December 14, 1921, Melovatka village, Zemlyansky district - April 29, 1945, buried in Berlin), guard junior lieutenant Hero of the Soviet Union (6/27/1945), worked in Voronezh, graduated from the Stalingrad Tank School (1942) . commander of a tank platoon of the 53rd Guards Tank Brigade, 3rd Guards tank army; during street fighting in Berlin on April 29, 1945. a tank rammed a barricade on one of the streets, supporting the advance of other units. Shendrikov died in this battle; at one of the workshops of the aircraft plant in Voronezh (27 Tsiolkovsky St.) a memorial plaque was installed (1965); A street in Voronezh was named after Shendrikov, an information board was installed (Shendrikova St., 7) (1987).

Aerial ramming

During the Great Patriotic War, Soviet pilots carried out aerial ramming more than 600 times. There are 19 known rams in the sky over the Voronezh region.
A ram is an air combat technique by which an enemy aircraft is destroyed by hitting it with any part of the attacking aircraft: the wing, fuselage, propeller, landing gear. Having carried out the ramming, most of the pilots, keeping their vehicles, returned to the airfields. Many landed in a damaged car in a field or, when the plane could not be saved, bailed out. The ram was used by fighters, attack aircraft and even bombers. For their heroism, the command awarded the pilots with orders and nominated them for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. But there are also those whose feat is not appreciated. This is explained by the fact that they became known only after the war, or the pilot in subsequent air battles did not return from a combat mission. Award documents for missing persons were confiscated.
It was not easy to carry out the ram. The enemy plane fired back at the pursuing plane and made all sorts of turns. To get behind him, our pilot had to destroy the air gunners, or with a quick maneuver get into the “dead zone” of the aircraft, which was not covered by machine guns. After this, the pilot equalized the speeds of both aircraft, which was hampered by the strong air flow. The angle of attack had to be calculated so that the wreckage of the enemy vehicle did not hit our plane. During a strong propeller impact, it was necessary to hold the plane in order for the propeller to do its job. After the ramming, the pilot needed great courage to reach the airfield and land on the crippled machine that had gone out of control. The first ram, according to local historian and great patriot of the Voronezh region Evgeny Vasilyevich Vladimirov, took place on November 11, 1941 near the village of Shcherbakovo, Alekseevsky district.
Valentin Kotyukh, chairman of the regional branch
OOPO "VSS M.T. Kalashnikov"

AVDEEV Alexander Fedorovich (5.8.1916, Bolshaya Talenka village, Tambov district - 12.8.1942, buried in the village of Novaya Usman, Novousmansky district), Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (10.2.1943). studied at the flying club in the city of Podolsk, graduated from the Borisoglebsk military aviation school (1939). Participant in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-40. and the Great Patriotic War. Deputy squadron commander of the 153rd Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 23rd Army of the Leningrad Front; by January 1942, he made 189 combat missions and shot down 7 enemy aircraft in air battles; in the battle near Leningrad, his I-153 plane was shot down, jumped out with a parachute, was treated in a hospital for several months, and after undergoing a course of treatment returned to duty; On August 12, 1942, over the village of Novaya Usman, the commander of the aviation squadron of the 153rd Fighter Regiment, captain, entered into battle on American P-39D aircraft, started a battle with a large group of enemy Ju-88 bombers, accompanied by Me-109 fighters, from the very first attack, the twenty-five-year-old The squadron commander managed to shoot down the plane of the leading group, the formation of bombers broke up, some of them began to free themselves from bombs and turn back, dodging the escort fighters, Avdeev continued to attack the Junkers. But behind the first wave of bombers a new group of enemy aircraft appeared. Alexander Fedorovich with two wingmen crashed into their formation, firing in short bursts. When the ammunition ran out, he increased his speed and struck the enemy with his entire mass. Both planes exploded in the air. This was the first ram performed on an American Airacobra. In the spring of 1952, tractor drivers, plowing the land, discovered the wreckage of the plane and the remains of the pilot. According to the Order of the Red Star, it was determined that it belonged to the pilot Avdeev. The hero was buried in the village of Novaya Usman (in the park near the building of the former district executive committee). Streets in Moscow and the village are named after Avdeev. Novaya Usman, where the monument was erected in 1952, was reconstructed in 2003.

ACHKASOV Sergey Vasilievich (06/18/1919, village of Staroklenskoye, Kozlovsky district, Tambov province - 14/3/1943, buried in the village of Khalino, Kursk district, Kursk region), Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (02/04/1943), completed the seven-year school with honors and dreamed of becoming a pilot. In 1937, he entered a two-year course at the Podolsk Aero Club, and in 1940 he graduated from the Kachin Red Banner Military Aviation Pilot School. He met the war as a military pilot; 10/10/1941 shot down his first enemy Junkers aircraft, flight commander of the 176th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 2nd Air Army of the Voronezh Front, August 13, 1942. near the village of Podkletnoe, in a battle with a group of enemy fighters and bombers, he used an air ram. By March 1943 made 160 combat missions, personally shot down 8 (including 2 with a ram, in the area of ​​the Tresvyatskaya railway station, now Novousmansky district) and in a group 2 enemy aircraft; Lieutenant Achkasov died during an enemy air raid on an airfield near Kursk. By the decision of the Pervomaisky District Council of People's Deputies dated May 24, 2001. Staroklenskaya secondary secondary school was named after Hero of the Soviet Union S.V. Achkasova; 12/17/1964 The search group of school No. 23 found graves at a military burial ground near the village of Khokhlovka, Kursk region, by 1966 the names of five people were established, one of whom was Hero of the Soviet Union S.V. Achkasov; By order of the USSR Minister of Defense, Lieutenant S.V. Achkasov is forever included in the lists of the 176th Berlin Fighter Aviation Regiment; by decision of S.V.’s relatives Achkasov was reburied in the Tambov region, his memory is preserved in the history of the military town of Khalino, the school museum is being restored, the main street of the town is named after him.

BARKOVSKY Viktor Antonovich junior lieutenant, on May 20, 1942, on an I-153 aircraft of the 591st fighter regiment, he flew to intercept an enemy Ju-88 reconnaissance aircraft photographing military targets in the city of Yelets; he attacked the Junkers over the city. With machine-gun fire, our pilot forced the German to maneuver and thereby disrupted his photography. The bomber's air gunners fired machine guns at the junior lieutenant's plane. In this confrontation, the Soviet pilot managed to set fire to the enemy plane. He turned around and tried to reach the front line. Chasing the fleeing scout, Viktor Antonovich tried to finish him off, but he ran out of ammunition. Then our pilot approached the enemy aircraft closely and aimed his “seagull” at its fuselage and destroyed the enemy reconnaissance aircraft with a ramming attack. Viktor Antonovich himself died in the ramming. He was buried in the city of Yelets at the military cemetery on Revolution Square. A hero was born in Vladivostok. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 14, 1943, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for exceptional heroism and self-sacrifice in the name of the Motherland.

BUKHTIAROV Ivan Nikiforovich (19__, - 24.5.1943, Urazovo village, Valuysky district), junior lieutenant, flight commander of the squadron of the 573rd fighter regiment, 84 fascist bombers tried to raid the Valuiki station on 12.3.1943. The Nazis approached the target in waves of nine aircraft. Flew out to intercept the enemy. In this battle he attacked the enemy and shot down a German plane. During the battle, he also ran out of all ammunition, and the Nazis stubbornly moved towards the station. In order to prevent the enemy from reaching an important railway junction, flight commander Bukhtiyarov rammed his Yak-1 fighter into an enemy He-111 bomber. Seeing their brother flying like a stone towards the ground, the other planes panicked, dropping bombs before reaching the object, and left the target. And our pilot landed in a field on a damaged plane. This was the only battle in our region, during which two rams occurred. On May 24, 1943, three kilometers west of the village of Urazovo, now in the Valuysky district, a Yak-7b plane went to the second ram of the Junkers. Bukhtiyarov's fighter caught fire from the impact. The pilot tried to land by parachute, but died. The hero was buried in the park on Red Square in the village of Urazovo, Valuysky district. For the battle at Valuiki station, junior lieutenant Bukhtiyarov and lieutenant Kokovikhin received the Order of Lenin.

VARCHUK Nikolay Izotovich (August 28, 1932, Stetski village in Starokonstantinovsky district, Khmelnytsky region – 9/21/1943, Romny, Sumy region) Major, commander of the 737th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 291st Voronezh Assault Aviation Division 2 1st Air Army of the Voronezh Front, graduated from junior high school, in the Red Army since 1932, graduated with honors from the Kachin Military Aviation Pilot School (1933), in 1938. senior lieutenant participated in battles with Japanese militarists near Lake Khasan and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for military distinction, member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) since 1939; On July 4, 1942, accompanying attack aircraft with nine MiG-3 aircraft, over the city of Voronezh he met with 15 enemy Me-109 aircraft, immediately entered into an air battle with them for a minute, as a result of which a short burst of machine guns shot down one "Me-109" and during a secondary attack shoots down another "Me-109", both planes fell in the vicinity of Voronezh, the escorted attack aircraft completed the task and returned to their airfield without losses, during this period of intense fighting, when Hitler threw at Voronezh his elite troops, squadron commander Varchuk with a group of his fighters repeatedly repelled the fierce attacks of enemy aircraft, at the cost of heavy losses the Germans paid for the bombing of the city; On July 10, 1942, covering his troops from the air with a dozen MiG-3 aircraft, he met with 18 enemy Me-109 aircraft, in the ensuing air battle, he shot down another Me-109 with a ram, which crashed into the ground while burning; October 1, 1942 flying on a Yak-1 plane to intercept an enemy transport plane "U-52" in area north-west Veshenskaya, attacking him, jammed the Junkers engine from the very first burst, the Yu-52 immediately landed on our territory, the crew that ran out was shot by Major Varchuk from machine guns from the air; 21.9.1943 Major N.I. Varchuk died while performing a combat mission; buried on Heroes' Square in the city of Romny; for courage and military successes in 1942 he was awarded the second military order, and on September 28, 1943 he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Owls. Union; A street in the city of Romny is named after the Hero. In the city of Romny, a memorial stand was installed on the Alley of Heroes.

GULYAEV Nikolai Semenovich (August 1, 1921, Novoselovka-Vtoraya village, Yasinovatsky district, Donetsk region - March 31, 1967, Walk of Fame of the Comintern Cemetery, Voronezh), guard senior lieutenant Hero of the Sov. Union (June 27, 1945), graduated from 7 classes, worked as a fitter in the Red Army since 1938, graduated from the Voroshilovgrad Military Aviation Pilot School (1940), deputy. squadron commander of the 80th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment of the 1st Guards Bomber Aviation Division of the 6th Bomber Aviation Corps of the 2nd Air Army of the Voronezh Front; 15.7.1944 had to bomb an enemy concentration in the area of ​​the city of Zborov, when approaching the target the plane was hit by enemy anti-aircraft artillery, on a damaged Pe-2 he managed to hit an enemy anti-aircraft battery with a bomb attack, continued the flight and completed the task - he blew up an ammunition depot, destroyed up to 30 buildings , in which the Nazis were located, turned into shapeless wreckage of a car; returning to his airfield, he again came under heavy anti-aircraft shelling, the elevator was damaged by a direct hit, the plane became difficult to control, but here the endurance to reach his airfield prevailed; by April 1945 made 163 combat missions to bomb enemy personnel and military targets, and shot down 14 fascist aircraft; After the war, the brave pilot continued to serve in the USSR Air Force, in 1955. graduated from the Air Force Academy, commanded an aviation regiment, then while at responsible work in the Air Force, the colonel died suddenly.

DEMYANOV Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1921, Dnepropetrovsk region, Buturlinsky district - July 2, 1942, Nizhnedevitsk village), drafted into the Red Army in 1940, Yaroslavl RVK, sergeant, pilot of the 41st Voronezh assault air regiment of the 267th assault air division 2 th Air Army. During a combat mission on July 2, 1942. crashed his burning but still obedient plane onto enemy tanks and blew them up near the regional center of Nizhnedevitsk, repeating Gastello’s feat; a notification that his son did not return from a combat mission on 07/02/42, was buried in the village of Medvezhye, Voronezh region, was received by his mother Matryona Antonovna Demyanova, living in Yaroslavl, Zavolzhsky district, base 50, building 9, apt. 6 (see: TsAMO: f.58, op.818883, d.1235, l.31); by resolution of the Council of Workers' Deputies of Voronezh dated August 19, 1943. st. First Konno-Streletskaya was renamed Pilot Demyanov Street.

Ekaterina Ivanovna ZELENKO (02/23/1916, the village of Koroshcheno, Ovruch district, Volyn province - 09/12/1941, the village of Anastasyevka, Romensky district, Sumy region), senior lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (05/05/1990), daughter of a priest, the Zelenko family lived in Voronezh (since 1928), graduated from school No. 5 (now No. 28), studied at an aviation technical school (1932 - 1933) and a flying club. She graduated from the Orenburg Military Aviation School of Pilots (1934), flew on seven types of aircraft, along with service in the air unit, she tested aircraft and aviation equipment, at the front since June 1941, deputy squadron commander of the 135th short-range bomber air regiment of the Central Front. Made 40 combat missions, participated in 12 air battles; September 12, 1941 During an unequal battle with 7 enemy fighters, she shot down one of them and destroyed the second with a ram. This was the first ramming in the history of aviation by a female pilot; for this feat she was awarded the Order of Lenin. Bronze bust of E.I. Zelenko was installed in the village of Anastasyevka, Sumy region, the monument is in Kursk, the flying club in Voronezh bears the name of Zelenko (since 1998), a street in the Kominternovsky district of Voronezh (1974), on the House of Officers (Revolution Avenue, 32), next to the house where Zelenko lived his older sister (Komissarzhevskaya St., no. 1, apt. 16.) had a memorial plaque installed (1995); one of the minor planets in honor of our fellow countrywoman is named by the affectionate Russian name “Katyusha”.

KALACHEV Vladimir Nikolaevich, June 28, 1942, the commander of the 15th fighter regiment, Major Hero of the Soviet Union Kalachev, over his airfield near the village of Mokrets, Staro-Oskol district, Belgorod region, was attacked by a German reconnaissance aircraft “Henschel-126”, which was photographing our airfield. During the battle, the regiment commander ran out of ammunition, but the enemy was not supposed to leave. At the command post, we heard the commander’s words on the radio: “I’ve run out of ammunition... I’m going to ram!” Major Kalachev gave full throttle. The plane quickly overtook the fascist and hit him on the tail with the right plane. The strong impact broke both planes into pieces. The regiment commander died in front of his comrades. He was buried in Pioneer Park in the city of Stary Oskol, Belgorod region. Hero of the Soviet Union Kalachev was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Red Star, and the Order of Military Valor of the MPR.

KALYAN Leonid Petrovich (19__, - 12.3.1943) captain, awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, on March 12, 1943, 84 fascist bombers tried to raid the Valuiki station. The Nazis approached the target in waves of nine aircraft. A squadron of the 573rd Fighter Regiment, captain Leonid Petrovich Kalyan, flew out to intercept the enemy. Six of our aircraft entered into battle with the first nine of the enemy, who were carrying a deadly load in their bomb bays and were planning to destroy a strategically important railway junction. In the battle, Captain Kalyan shot down two enemy aircraft, but his fighter was also seriously damaged.

KOKOVIKHIN Alexey Fedorovich (05/31/1914 Tomsk - 19_?_g., Kharkov) lieutenant, fighter pilot in aviation since 1936, member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) since 1943, graduated from 7 classes, worked at the Tomsk Electromechanical Plant, in Red Army since 1936, graduated from the school of junior aviation specialists (1936), served in the training detachment of the 134th assault aviation brigade, graduated from the Ulyanovsk military aviation school of pilots (1941); fought as part of the 573rd Air Defense IAP when repelling an enemy air raid on the Valuiki station in the Voronezh region, 84 fascist bombers tried to carry out a raid. Consistently repelling attacks from bombers, he set fire to an enemy plane, which flew to the ground like a torch. The disordered formation of vultures dropped their bombs off target and took off running. On March 12, 1943, in a battle, our fighter used up all its ammunition and its engine was damaged, but another group of aircraft was approaching the station. To stop it, an enemy He-111 bomber is rammed. The Nazis turned back, and the pilot landed on a damaged plane, landing the damaged Yak-1 in a field; After the war, the lieutenant colonel continued to serve in the air defense, since 1956 the lieutenant colonel was in the reserve, lived and worked in the city of Kharkov, was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and medals.

KOLESNICHENKO Vasily Efremovich (03/21/1915, Kropivnitskoe village, Elizavetgrad district, Kherson province - 07/01/1942, Voronezh), Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (02/14/1943). The first Hero of the Soviet Union among the defenders of Voronezh from Nazi troops. Pilot, junior lieutenant of the 573rd Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 101st Aviation Fighter Division of the Voronezh-Borisoglebsk Air Defense Region. By July 1942, he had flown 93 combat missions. On July 1, 1942, Kolesnichenko’s plane was set on fire in the sky over Voronezh during an air battle. Noticing that one of the German planes was heading to bomb plant No. 19 (Voronezh Mechanical Plant), Kolesnichenko directed the burning plane at it and rammed it. Having shot down the enemy, he jumped out of the plane engulfed in flames and landed by parachute, receiving severe burns and wounds to both legs; ten hours later he died in the hospital. He was buried in a mass grave in Yunnatov Park in Voronezh. Bessarabskaya Street, Leninsky District of Voronezh, was renamed Kolesnichenko Street (1971), where an information board was installed (Letchika Kolesnichenko Street, 56-a) (1981).

KRASKO Aleksey Ivanovich, on November 11, 1941, near the village of Shcherbakovo, Alekseevsky district, the crew of the deputy commander of the 316th reconnaissance air regiment, a native of Donbass, Major Krasko, flew. It included: navigator captain Nikolai Mikhailovich Sadikov from the Ryazan region; air gunner-radio operator, chief of communications of the regiment, captain Konstantin Vasilyevich Kozlov from Leningrad; Behind the air gunner on the plane was the operative officer of the special department of the NKVD, political instructor Nazar Leontyevich Vystavnoy. The reconnaissance pilots had combat experience. For the successful completion of command tasks, Major Krasko was awarded the Order of the Red Star, and navigator Sadikov and communications chief Kozlov were awarded the Order of the Red Banner. When our SB-3 aircraft was returning from a combat mission, it was attacked by several enemy fighters. The battle ran out of ammunition. Major Krasko led the bomber to ram. Having shot down an enemy fighter, the crew died. The pilots were buried in the center of the village of Shcherbakovo.

KRASNOLUTSKY Mitrofan Petrovich (21.5.1906, s. Kalach, Bogucharsky district - 11.3.1987, Kyiv), Major General of Aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (16.1.1942). From peasants. In the Red Army since 1930. He graduated from the military theoretical school of pilots in Leningrad (1932), the Borisoglebsk military aviation school (1936), and the Higher Academic Courses at the General Staff Academy (1954). Participant in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-40 and the Great Patriotic War. Deputy commander of the 65th assault air regiment (7th Army, Northern Front). In an air battle on August 12, 1941. destroyed an enemy fighter with a ram, after which he landed at his airfield, since 1957. – in reserve, lived and worked in Voronezh, later – in Kyiv; A bust was installed in Kalach (1995).

KYRCHANOV Stepan Fedorovich, on July 13, 1942, a group of our aircraft from the 721st Fighter Regiment, among which was junior lieutenant Kyrchanov, in the area of ​​the village of Kamenka entered into battle with six Me-109s. In a battle with the enemy, Kyrchanov was wounded in left hand, and his downed plane caught fire and went down. The pilot was not taken aback and, noticing the Messerschmitt below him, rammed it. The planes went down like a burning torch, but the wounded junior lieutenant Kyrchanov managed to use a parachute. For this feat he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. After the hospital, Kyrchanov is back in service, shooting down several more enemy planes. On February 5, 1943, Kyrchanov’s plane was shot down in the Stalingrad area. Having landed on enemy territory, he, being wounded, tried to make his way to his own, but on the fourth day he was captured by the Nazis. He was held captive in the Luftwaffe 2 camp. He escapes from here, but unsuccessfully. His second escape brought him into the ranks of the Slovak partisans. From the number Soviet officers, former prisoners of war, and Slovak patriots Kyrchanov organized a partisan strike group. She became part of the 2nd partisan brigade “For the Liberation of Slovakia,” which was led by the famous intelligence officer Yevgeny Pavlovich Volyansky. Their brigade, which included 2,000 people, fought with the Nazis. The pilot on the ground commands the Ernst Thälmann detachment. In August 1944, the detachment took part in the Slovak National Uprising. Kyrchanov with his comrades smashes the Germans in the cities of Liptovsky Hradok, Levocha, Zvolen. Stepan Fedorovich was awarded the Slovak medal “For Bravery” in March 1945. And in his homeland, the chest of the brave pilot and partisan was decorated with the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.”

LUKYANOV Anatoly Grigorievich (12.3.1919, city of Kramatorsk, now Donetsk region - 26.12.1986, Volgograd), Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (4.3.1942), lived, studied and worked in Dnepropetrovsk, graduated from the FZU school, flying club, Kachin Military Aviation Pilot School (1938), KUOS (1956), flight commander of the 487th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 101st Air Division of the 6th Fighter Air Defense Aviation Corps; received the first Order of the Red Banner for repelling the first large raid on the night of July 22, 1941 by enemy aircraft on Moscow, while patrolling in the Naro-Fominsk area on a MiG-3 fighter, at an altitude of 3000 m, junior lieutenant Lukyanov discovered and shot down an enemy bomber, subsequently under In Moscow he won two more victories. 3.1.1942 from the Voronezh airfield, he patrolled the area of ​​​​the city of Bobrov, discovered an enemy Ju-88 bomber in the air, destroyed it with a ram, and then was able to land his damaged aircraft, for this feat he was awarded the title of GSS, the pilot ended the war as a regiment commander. In total, he made 325 combat missions, shot down 17 enemy aircraft in 110 air battles, and after the Second World War he continued to serve in the Air Force, from 1968. Colonel Lukyanov - in reserve, lived in Volgograd.

LUKYANOV Sergei Ivanovich (October 13, 1910, Borisoglebsk - April 23, 2001, Voronezh), Hero of the Soviet Union. Union (13.4.1944), from the workers, voluntarily joined the ranks of the Red Army (1931), graduated from the Leningrad Military Theoretical School of Pilots (1933), Orenburg Military Aviation School of Pilots and Observer Pilots (1935), commander of squadron 16 1st Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (8th Air Army, Southern Front). By September 1943 made 356 combat missions, personally shot down 14 (1 by ram), in a group - 15 enemy aircraft, since 1946. – reserve lieutenant colonel, lived in Borisoglebsk, worked at a car repair plant, later – lived in Voronezh, worked in a flying club; A memorial plaque was installed in Borisoglebsk.

MAVRIN Alexander Mikhailovich (1916, Novosibirsk - November 5, 1943, Summy), pilot of the 826th Fighter Aviation Regiment, on August 16, 1943 at the Chigla station in the Talovsky district entered into battle with a fascist bomber. Having used up all the ammunition, he destroyed it with a ramming blow. The damaged plane was landed in a field. It is known that on November 5, 1943, the pilot did not return from a combat mission. The fighter pilot was buried in the city of Sumy. He was not awarded for the accomplished feat.

NEBOLSIN Alexey Zakharovich (March 10, 1918, Gorenskie Vyselki village, Voronezh district - buried in a mass grave on July 10, 1941, 51 km of the Murmansk - Pechenga highway), studied at a local school until the 7th grade; His first teacher, Egorova Maria Alekseevna, said that Alexey studied well, was a hardworking, exemplary and modest guy, in 1933. Alexey and his mother Akulina Antonovna moved from the village to the city of Voronezh, Alexey became an apprentice mechanic at the aircraft plant named after. Voroshilov in the 12th workshop, studied at the FZU - evening school, studied at the flying club, studied the airplane, joined the Komsomol in 1936, received ticket No. 152471, in 1937. he was called to Soviet Army and were sent to the city of Borisoglebsk to a military pilot school. In 1940 successfully graduated from the school of military pilots, in a short time he made 23 combat missions, shot down three fascist planes in a group with his comrades, he also took part in the war with the White Finns; There is a known case when, during the Finnish War, while returning from a combat mission, flying over the front line, our fellow countryman was shot down and made an emergency landing on a frozen lake. The I-16 crashed into a snowdrift and broke the propeller blades. Local residents helped him, with whom Alexey lived for some time in a yurt; his partner told the regiment commander the approximate coordinates of the landing site of Alexey Nebolsin’s plane. Then his comrades flew to him, fixed the breakdown, and together they returned to their airfield. The pilot’s brother, Georgy Zakharovich Nebolsin, spoke about this in one of the newspapers; July 10, 1941 during the battle in the area of ​​height 105.3 (4 km southwest of the Bolshaya Zapadnaya Litsa Bay), the I-16, a wingman, was hit by an enemy anti-aircraft shell; while performing a combat mission, Alexey’s plane was hit and caught fire; he could have jumped out with a parachute, but he made a different decision, sent his plane into a large accumulation of enemy tanks and tankers, and at the cost of his life caused enormous damage to the enemy; posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner (July 22, 1941); in May 1979 veteran aviators organized a meeting with cadets of the Voronezh Airborne Aviation University, at which it was decided to approve a challenge pennant for them. Nebolsina A.Z., every month based on social results. competition, it was awarded to the best Komsomol organization; in April 2005 On 21, an information board was solemnly opened: “The street is named after fighter pilot A.Z. Nebolsin, who repeated the feat of N. Gastello,” in 1987. Mendeleev Lane in the Levoberezhny District was renamed Pilot Nebolsin Street. In the village Gorenskie Vyselki and in the village of Kilp-Yavr the central street is named after A.Z. Nebolsina. A museum of Military Glory was created at the school, there is a memorial plaque about the feat of the Komsomol pilot, by order of the commander of the military unit, field post 59529 dated January 12, 1990. Fellow soldier Lieutenant Alexei Zakharovich NEBOLSIN was awarded the “Guard” Badge posthumously. The head of the Icarus search and research group, Colonel Valery Chernyshov, which is based in Zaozersk, Murmansk region, was born and studied in Voronezh, graduated from the Faculty of Law of Voronezh State University, and put on the shoulder straps of a military lawyer. In total, he has been dedicated to the service for twenty years, he is a passionate person, devoting a lot of time to search and archival work. In the mid-1990s, when Valery Chernyshov served in the military garrison of Zaozersk, he gathered the same people who were interested in the history of the country and began research work. The group filled in many blank spots in the chronology of aviation combat operations in the Arctic, in particular, Valery Petrovich managed to find the place of death of fellow Voronezh residents, pilot of the 145th Fighter Aviation Regiment Alexei Zakharovich Nebolsin, who was the first to carry out a fire ram in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War in the North .

OHANJANYAN Artyusha Oganjanovich (1917, Turkish city of Kars - July 8, 1942, village of Zemlyansk) Armenian, member of the Komsomol, junior lieutenant, bomber crew commander of the 507th air regiment (315th aviation regiment) of the 2nd air army, July 8, 1942. after a successful bombing of the crossing across the Don River at Semiluk, the crew made a second approach and dropped bombs on the target, but the plane caught fire, there was no way to escape, they sent their burning Pe-2 plane, hit by anti-aircraft guns, into a cluster of German tanks and cars and rammed them; a street is named after him in the Sovetsky district of Voronezh; Along with the commander, crew members died, Lieutenant MUCHERMAN Matvey Grigorievich (born 1915, Bobrik Lyubashevsky Odessa district region, called up by Lyubashevsky RVK) and sergeant MIKHAILOV Ivan Alekseevich (born 1918, village of Krutsy, Kalinin region, called up by Oranienbaum RVK); buried among 444 remains of soldiers in mass grave No. 36-554/2014, in the center of the village of Zemlyansk, Semiluksky district.

ORLOV Alexey Maksimovich (August 26, 1920, Arshinovka village, Nizhnelomovsky district, Penza province), called up by the Mytishchensky RVK (1940), at the beginning of June 1942 (the exact date could not be established, but it happened before June 8) in an air battle with a reconnaissance aircraft of the Ju-88 type, junior lieutenant of the 907th Special Purpose Fighter Regiment Orlov shot down a fascist plane with a ram, regiment commander Major Didenko presented him with the Order of Lenin, made 146 combat sorties, in air battles he personally shot down three aircraft and one in a pair, especially distinguished himself during the mass raids on Kursk on May 22 and June 2, 1943, where he defended his commander, the regiment was part of the 9th Voronezh Air Defense Fighter Aviation Corps.

POLYAKOVA Alexandra Pavlovna (1922, Borisoglebsk - May 10, 1943) sergeant, Russian, member of the Komsomol, graduated from high school (1941), sat at the controls of an airplane (1942), participated in the Battle of Stalingrad, was awarded the Order of the Red Star, flew PO-2, she became the crew commander of the 970th night light bomber air regiment, the crew commander of the 970th bap 9 hell, at the cost of her life the brave pilot repeated the feat of Nikolai Gastelo. On the night of May 9-10, 1943, in the Oryol region. sent a night bomber to the enemy railway. trains accumulated at the Glazunovka railway station.; crew members: Sagaidakov Efim Abramovich - sergeant, navigator-bombardier, place of birth - the city of Kirovograd, Jew, member of the Komsomol. For this feat, Alexandra Polyakova was awarded the second Order of the Red Star posthumously, she was given the rank of junior lieutenant... Until now, no one knows where the grave of the heroic pilot is located, and a native of the village of Malye Bobriki, Glazunovsky district, Serafima Selezneva saw her grave and even carried flowers there for several years . A grave in the forest... - When we returned in 1943, - says Serafima Ivanovna, - one day I went into the forest for brushwood, picked up a bundle, was about to go down into the ravine - it was a shorter walk to the village - I looked, and between There is a pyramid standing between two pine trees and a red star on it. I put the bundle down and went to look. The grave mound was fenced with guards, and a recess was cut out on the pyramid into which a photograph was inserted - neither rain nor snow fell on it. I crawled under surveillance - a round-faced girl with dark curly hair was looking at me from the photograph. But there was no inscription on the pyramid. A grave was also dug nearby, but there was nothing there. Local residents not far from that place found a parachute hanging on a birch tree. The find was immediately divided. Some tore a piece for a sheet, some for a scarf, and some for a pillow. Serafima Ivanovna often went to the forest grave, carried flowers, peered at the photograph of the girl, wondered what could have happened to her and who she was. However, employees of the Glazunov Museum of Local Lore spent 25 years searching for the heroically deceased pilot, and all to no avail. Neither the Veterans Council of the city of Oryol knows about her grave, nor does it appear in the Oryol Book of Memory. As reported by the regional military commissariat, Alexandra Pavlovna Polyakova is not listed among the identified soldiers. “It is possible that the girl was buried in an unmarked grave in some rural cemetery, such burials were practiced,” explained Nina Shkadova, assistant to the head of the fourth department of the regional military commissariat. Alexandra’s mother, Natalya Konstantinovna Polyakova, lived in the city of Borisoglebsk, who died fifteen years ago in a nursing home...

PROSKURIN Mikhail Alekseevich senior lieutenant, June 3, 1942, pilot of the 487th fighter regiment on a MiG-3 aircraft, paired with a wingman deputy squadron commander, were lifted into the air to intercept a reconnaissance aircraft. In the area of ​​the village of Borinskiye Zavody at an altitude of 7000 m, the enemy was overtaken and attacked by them. The presenters are on the left, and the Proskurins are on the side of the sun. After several long bursts of 12.7 mm aircraft machine gun and the 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun failed to function, and fuel was running low. The fascist pilot, turning to the right and descending, tried to hide in the clouds and leave. Proskurin, despite the intense fire from the rear gunners, approached the enemy and cut off the tail of the aircraft with a propeller above the keel. The enemy plane went into a tailspin and crashed into the ground. Only one German managed to parachute. Our pilot, with the engine not working, glided and landed the MiG at the Lipetsk airfield. After replacing the propeller, it took to the skies again four hours later. The pilot was awarded the Order of Lenin. The German Lieutenant D. Putter, who survived that battle, left his memories of the fatal battle for him: “We were walking from Poltava through Kharkov in the direction of Voronezh at an altitude of 7500 m, when the gunner-radio operator reported over the aircraft intercom that Russian fighters were behind and to the side, approximately 50 m from the tail. At the same moment, a burst was heard that pierced the right plane and the engine. It was great shooting. The propeller made several uneven revolutions, after which the motor fell out of the mounting unit. The fighter, which turned out to be a MiG-3, continued to attack. The navigator fell to the floor of the cabin next to me. The bullets hit him in the face. The bottom shooter showed no signs of life either. There were approximately 400 km left to the front line. An unpleasant shaking of the left engine began and I had to turn it off. I decided to sit on the “belly” and began to glide from a height of 7000 m. Suddenly I heard the annoying roar of someone else’s engine, and then there was a terrible blow, a crack. The left engine flew off the wing like the right one, and the tail was completely torn off. It became impossible to hold the plane. I tried to jump out with a parachute, but the plane began to spin, and I was hit with force against some part of the cabin. Having lost consciousness for some time, I then came to my senses and got out of the cabin. It was too early to rejoice: very intense shooting began from below. The dome turned out to be completely riddled with holes, so I descended very quickly. Fortunately, the fire was inaccurate. I landed in a swamp and that softened the blow. Then teenagers appeared and almost tore me to pieces. The soldiers from the NKVD troops who ran up, without exaggeration, saved my life. I was taken by car to Voronezh. I asked to show me the pilot who shot down our plane, which was done...”

PIMANOV Semyon Timofeevich Major, June 15, 1942, deputy commander of the 573rd Fighter Regiment, shot down an enemy fighter with a ram strike in the area of ​​the Agricultural Institute in the city of Voronezh, according to local historian Pavel Maksimovich Archakov. The pilot was born in 1912 in the city of Dmitrov, Moscow region. Participant in the war with Finland from November 30, 1939 to March 13, 1940. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner in December 1941 and February 12, 1942. He flew more than 75 combat missions. On June 18, 1942, Pimenov died in an air battle and was buried in the village of Yelets-Malanino. After the war, his ashes were transferred to the city of Yelets to the old city cemetery.

POTAPOV Konstantin Petrovich Lieutenant, July 4, 1942 squadron commander of the 487th Fighter Regiment, paired with Lieutenant Khasan Khanipovich Khanipov, patrol the sky in the Voronezh region on Yak-1 aircraft. In the air they meet a group of bombers, which are covered by 12 enemy fighters. Our pilots engage them in battle. Soon Khanipov's engine was damaged and he left the battle. Left alone, Potapov continued to fight, pursuing the Messerschmitt, the pilot, having used up all the ammunition, went to ram, the pilot increased his speed, caught up with the enemy and cut off his tail with a propeller. An enemy plane crashed near the village of Maslovka; Potapov landed the damaged plane at his airfield; For this feat, Lieutenant Potapov was awarded the Order of Lenin.

TALALIKHIN Viktor Vasilievich (18.9.1918, Teplovka village, Volsky district, Saratov province - 27.10.1941, buried in Moscow), junior lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union (8.8.1941), graduated from the Borisoglebsk military aviation school (1938), participant in the Soviet-Finnish war 1939-40 and WWII, deputy. squadron commander of the 177th Fighter Aviation Regiment (air defense forces), August 7, 1941. in an air battle near Moscow, he was one of the first to carry out a night air ram; died in an air battle near the city of Podolsk, Moscow region, where a monument was erected in honor of Talalikhin (1960); Streets in Kaliningrad, Volgograd, Borisoglebsk and other cities are named after Talalikhin.

TIKHANKIN Viktor Andreevich (1919, Arkadak station, Balashov district, Saratov region - July 9, 1942, reburied in 1958, Vykrestovo village, Novousmansky district) sergeant, July 9, 1942, pilot of the 525th assault aviation regiment did not return to the Il-2 from a combat mission, graduated from the Balashov Flight School; the unit commander, Major Mikhail Ivanovich Efremov, and the battalion commissar, Yakov Vasilyevich Markov, wrote in a letter to his mother that the comrades who flew on a mission with Victor saw how he courageously fought the Nazis in the sky, but when returning to the airfield he went missing; This message did not suit the parents, and they wrote a letter to their son’s regiment marked “to the friends of Viktor Tikhankin” with a request to tell the details of his death. Soon a response came from junior lieutenant Fyodor Petrovich Timofeev, who studied with Victor at the pilot school in Balashov, was his fellow countryman and friend. A comrade wrote that Viktor Tikhankin was returning from an attack on an enemy airfield. Not far from the front line, he was attacked by several Me-109 aircraft. The pilot entered into an unequal battle with them and shot down two enemy aircraft. He shot down the third enemy with a ram when he ran out of ammunition. On a damaged plane, wounded in battle, the pilot pulled over the front line, but a fascist fighter, enraged by the losses, caught up with him and attacked him on the ground. What happened next was seen by the soldiers of the 183rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment. The German made three passes at the stationary plane and shot the pilot at point-blank range, who, due to injury, could not get out of the cockpit. The plane caught fire. Our soldiers pulled out his burnt body. Anti-aircraft gunner Lidiya Konstantinovna Grabenko recalled: “I, Zoya Mudrakova and Pavel Piunov took him to the road that led to the village of Pridacha, here at the edge of the field we buried him; The pilot’s chest was completely shot through from a machine gun, his fingers were broken, his forehead and nose were already burned, judging by the nature of the wound, he landed the plane with his fingers shot.” In 1958 red ranger school from the village. Repnoye, using the coordinates of Lydia Grabenko, found the burial place of Viktor Tikhankin. He was solemnly reburied with all honors in a mass grave in the village. Vykrestovo, Novousmansky district.

FIRSTOV Nikolay Semenovich (1917, Ivanovka village, Sampursky district, Tambov region - August 23, 1942, mass grave No. 162, Korotoyak, Ostrogozhsky district,) junior lieutenant, in 1936. went to study at the Tambov Aero Club, which he graduated two years later and was sent to the Balashov Military Aviation School, after graduating in 1938. served in the 674th assault air regiment, pilot of the 2nd air army; August 23, 1942 tasked with destroying a concentration of enemy tanks and vehicles three kilometers southwest of Korotoyak, a combat mission, leading a dozen “silts”, accompanied by covering fighters, to Firstov’s group, already beyond the Don the brave ten were fired from the ground by enemy anti-aircraft guns, but this did not exactly interfere reach the target in the area of ​​the Voronezh ravines, from the first approach nine tanks and more than a dozen enemy vehicles were enveloped in smoke and flames from well-placed "hundreds" and rockets, the Nazi anti-aircraft battery, which at the very beginning of the battle opened fire on a group of aircraft, also ceased to exist; but nevertheless, one of the enemy shells became fatal for Firstov’s plane, it hit the plane, the plane caught fire and fell into a dive, the pilot’s attempts to level the car and put out the flames were in vain, in a matter of seconds, when the earth was rushing towards at cosmic speed, Firstov managed turn the plane ten degrees towards the ravine, where many fascist tanks and vehicles with ammunition and fuel took refuge, a deafening explosion was heard and dozens of enemy soldiers, tanks and cars were buried under the rubble of the Soviet attack aircraft; for this feat, the Motherland highly appreciated him by posthumously awarding him the Order of Lenin; During his time at the front, he made over 100 combat missions and was awarded the Order of the Red Star (order No: 23/n dated: 09/13/1942).

SHAVURIN Petr Ivanovich (23.4.1918, Ekaterinoslav, Ekaterinoslav province - 9.10.2002, on the Alley of Heroes of the Zaporozhye cemetery in Dnepropetrovsk), senior lieutenant Hero of the Sov. Union (02/14/1943), graduated from 7 classes and the FZU school, worked as a mechanic at a tram depot, graduated from a flying club, worked there as an instructor, in the Red Army from September 1938, graduated from the Bataysk Military Aviation School of Pilots (1940), the Air Force Academy , was sent to the 28th Fighter Aviation Regiment in the city of Lviv for further military service, where he met the war; in August 1941 transferred to the 722nd Fighter Aviation Regiment, in which he accomplished his first combat feat; The regiment guarded the Gorky Automobile Plant as the most important strategic facility. Nazi air raids on Gorky, which was relatively far from the front, became more frequent; but the pilots and anti-aircraft gunners gave a worthy rebuff to the enemy; came July 27, 1942. deputy squadron commander of the 722nd Fighter Wing (air defense forces); on the approaches to the city of Gorky, he rammed an enemy bomber, made a total of 350 sorties, and shot down 17 enemy aircraft in 100 air battles; news of the feat spread throughout the country, Gorky residents raised money and gave him a new fighter, at this time Peter was undergoing candidate training, the head of the political department gave him a party card 2 days after the ramming; and the defeated Junkers was brought to Gorky and installed for viewing; at the end of autumn 1942 On a brand new Yak-1 aircraft donated by pioneers and Komsomol members of the Gorky region, he arrived near Stalingrad, where fierce battles broke out. Like the MiG-3, the Yak-1 was created on the eve of the war. But he had a clear advantage: in addition to two machine guns, he also had a 20-mm rapid-fire cannon. The aircraft, quite easy to fly, was distinguished by good maneuverability and quickly rose to high altitudes. In a word, this machine became the favorite of Soviet pilots and a thunderstorm for the Nazis; in the area of ​​the Povorino railway station, Povorinsky district, Voronezh region, December 27, 1942. deputy squadron commander of the 910th Special Purpose Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment, 101st Fighter Aviation Division, Voronezh-Borisoglebsk Air Defense Divisional Region, having flown in pursuit of an enemy Ju-88 reconnaissance aircraft in the area of ​​Povorino station, overtakes it, the enemy, noticing our fighter, goes into a dive In order to break away from the pursuer, our pilot, without stopping fire at the Junkers, approaches him. Seeing that the enemy could go into the clouds and hide, Pyotr Ivanovich decides to ram the plane. He hits him in the tail and, having slipped further, hits the enemy’s right plane with his left plane. The fascist reconnaissance falls to the ground along with the crew. Shavurin left his uncontrollable plane by parachute; This was the pilot's second ram; After the defeat of the Nazis at Stalingrad, the deputy squadron commander of the fighter aviation regiment, Senior Lieutenant Shavurin, was called to Moscow, to the Kremlin, M.I. Kalinin. presented him with the "Golden Star" of the Hero and two Orders of Lenin, for both rams; The colonel served in military aviation for 35 years; since 1974 reserve colonel, lived and worked in Dnepropetrovsk; his name is carved on an obelisk erected in the city of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod region; The pioneer detachment of school No. 10 in Dnepropetrovsk was named after Shavurin; Honorary citizen of the cities of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod and Dnepropetrovsk.

SHKURUPY Alexey Tarasovich senior lieutenant, flight commander of the 826th fighter regiment on an I-16 aircraft with an M-25 engine made 235 combat missions; On June 28, 1942, over the Valuiki station, with a group of five I-16 aircraft, he engaged seven Me-109f and two Me-110 fighters in battle; seven Yaks from the 512th Air Regiment and six from the 434th Air Regiment came to the aid of our pilots , in battle, Shkurupiy shot down an enemy fighter, for which he received gratitude from the head of the Valuyki air defense point, Lieutenant Colonel Zholtikov, in an air battle over the Liski station, this pilot alone crashed into a formation of 12 Xe-111s and disrupted their battle formation, after using up ammunition, he rammed a Heinkel ", and he landed his plane at the airfield and was awarded the Order of Lenin.

YUYUKIN Mikhail Anisimovich (08/10/1911, Gnilusha village, Zemlyansky district - 08/05/1939), pilot, battalion commissar, studied at school in the village. Gnilusha, graduated from aviation school. Commissioner of the 150th Bomber Regiment, participant in the military conflict with Japanese troops on the Khalkhin Gol River in 1939. During the bombing of enemy troops, Yuyukin's plane was hit and caught fire. Having ordered the crew to leave the plane, Yuyukin directed it towards a concentration of enemy troops. This was the first case of a “fire ram” in the Red Army. The navigator of the aircraft was Captain Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello, who repeated the feat of his commander in June 1941; According to some sources, Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello came to the village of Gnilusha in 1939. or 1940 Group Commander Soviet troops in Mongolia G.K. Zhukov nominated Yuyukin for the title of Hero of the Owls. Union (posthumously), which was rejected; Yuyukin was awarded the Order of Lenin; in 1967 in the village. A monument was unveiled in Gnilusha, Semiluksky district.

List of aviation ACCIDENTS in Voronezh and the region:

Plane crashes and flight accidents are phenomena that give rise to a wide variety of rumors, conjectures and rumors. This especially applies to incidents of the Soviet period, when all such cases were carefully hidden, and information on them was classified as “for official use.” A fairly large number of incidents of that period are known only to a few specialists, and relatives or friends of the pilots and passengers who died in them often collect information bit by bit. Filling the information “vacuum” in this area by collecting only facts and documentary evidence into a single database of information about incidents and disasters. The database includes incidents not only in civil aviation of the USSR, Russia and CIS countries, but also the most known cases with military aircraft of these countries, as well as incidents with Soviet-made aircraft operated in other countries. If you know something about a case that is not included in the database, or you have data that could clarify ours, please write us a letter! Information should not be lost...

1918 November 17 = during the Civil War, the Ilya Muromets airship crashed when it encountered unfavorable weather conditions near the village of Ertil, Bobrovsky district; Pioneer of Russian aviation, military pilot, staff captain Alekhnovich Gleb Vasilievich was born on October 30, 1886. in Smolensk, from the nobility, in 1910. Graduated from the aviation school of the Sevastopol Aero Club, made his first flights in Smolensk while testing Ya.M. Gakkel and I.I. Sikorsky; set All-Russian aviation altitude records - in May 1912 - 1350 meters and in July 1913. – 3400 meters, made several long-distance non-stop flights; since 1914 participant in the First World War as commander of the airship “Ilya Muromets”, simultaneously making combat and military test flights; since 1918 in the Red Air Fleet of the Red Army of the RSFSR. He was buried in Petrograd at the Nikolskoye cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, near the graves of the first Russian pilots - S.I. Utochkina, V.A. Abramovich and L.M. Matskevich.

1930 June 30 = 7 pilots who were mastering new military equipment, who died during a test flight Voronezh - Moscow - Saratov - Orenburg, when a brand new TB-1 aircraft took off from the Alpha airfield with all the brigade commanders on board, were buried in a mass grave. At night, near Saratov, a car crashed. Together with brigade commander Osadchiy A.M. the following crew members died: squadron commander S.M. Sivoglazov, squadron commander P.V. Stolyarov, aviation engineer K.A. Spevakov, flight observer P.N. Novozonov, junior flight observer K.P. Ivakin, flight mechanic S. Shmakin. A. One of the reasons for the death of the flight crew, as established by an authoritative commission, was that those on board “did not use parachutes.” It seems that the pilots simply did not have the skills to handle them: at the subconscious level, they did not trust their lives to some kind of slings and silk rags... The funeral of the dead pilots and aviation specialists took place at the former cadet parade ground in the Children's Park. Almost the entire city came to say goodbye to the dead. The coffins were filled with flowers. In honor of Brigade Commander Osadchy and his colleagues, the street below the Intercession Cathedral was renamed Aviation by decision of the authorities.
Osadchy Alexander Markovich (1889, the village of Shoshkoloye, Lutsk district, Volyn province - June 29, 1930 near Saratov, buried on the square of the 3rd International Voronezh), from the nobility, lieutenant colonel of the tsarist army, spoke French, German and English languages, nobleman; Ukrainian, graduated from the Cadet Corps (1907), Nikolaev Cavalry School (1909), Samara Gymnastics and Fencing School (1913), participated in the First World War, rose to the rank of captain and commander in the tsarist army infantry regiment, after October 1917 took the side of the revolution. He fought in the Arkhangelsk province against the British invaders in 1918. From January 1919 he fought in Ukraine against Petliura, Grigoriev and Denikin’s Volunteer Army. As the head of the 41st Infantry Division, together with Kotovsky’s cavalry corps attached to the division, he liberated Odessa from white troops, thus ensuring the end of the Civil War on the territory of Ukraine. For skillful leadership of the division and personal courage during the liberation of Nikolaev, Kherson and Ochakov from the Whites by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the RSFSR No. 134 of March 16, 1920. awarded the Order of the Red Banner; in July 1920 commanded the Special Cavalry Group of the First Cavalry Army of Budyonny, from October 1920. to April 1921 commandant of the Kyiv fortified area, participated in the elimination of gangs in the Kiev region and Podolia. Commanded the Iron Division from April 1921. until November 1923; commander of the Air Brigade, the 11th brigade consisted of three squadrons - a total of 30 bombers; a squadron of two-seat P-1 reconnaissance aircraft was stationed here, where the headquarters of the air brigade was located on the street. Cosmonauts, August 2, 1996 They installed a memorial plaque made of red granite with the corresponding text.

1942 July 4 = in the Gremyachye area, a burning plane crashed into the ground southwest of Voronezh 15 km; crew: commander-bomber 794 BBAP, lieutenant Petrushenko Ivan Vasilyevich, born in 1912 (father: Petrushenko Vasily Timofeevich, Chernigov region, Ponarnitsky district, Ponarnitsa village); shooter 794 BBAP sergeant Babakhanov Alkhon, born 1918, shot down in an air battle.

1942 July 5 = near the village of Gremyache, Voronezh region, a plane of the 57th BBAP crashed, crew: senior sergeant Viran(t)in Vladimir Glebovich, born in 1917, air gunner-radio operator; Red Army soldier Golub Aizik Khaimov, born 1922 air gunner, killed in air combat (mother: Viranina Maria Titovna, Moscow, Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya str., 15, apt. 2), not immortalized.

1942 July 8 = Boston-3 plane, 57th BBAP, crashed near the village of Mechetka, Bobrovsky district, crew: junior lieutenant Alexander Ivanovich Ishukov, born 1920. shooter-bombardier; Senior Sergeant Podalka Stepan Semenovich, born in 1920. pilot; foreman Kamensky Vitaly Grigorievich, born in 1917, air gunner; junior sergeant Motsenko Nikolai Grigorievich, born in 1916, gunner-radio operator; did not return from the b/w. Reburied in 1957 into a mass grave in the village of Khrenovoe. In May 2014 An obelisk with the names of the heroes was installed at the site of death.

1943 February 17 = Li-2 2nd disaster in the Trubetchinsky district, near the village. Pisarevka (now Dobrovsky district, Lipetsk region) Ministry of Defense of the USSR, the accident occurred during hostilities, killed: aircraft commander Lt. Artyugin Alexander Kuzmich, flight engineer st. technical engineer Frolov Sergey Afanasyevich, navigator s-t Kuznetsov Sergey Sergeevich, trainee navigator, Ivan Ivanovich Bufetov, flight mechanic s-t Alekseev Ivan Alekseevich, HRV senior s. Gorbunov Boris Ilyich.

1944 January 4 = an aircraft of the 29th separate reconnaissance aviation regiment of the 17th Air Army crashed near Anna station. The deputy squadron commander, junior lieutenant Nikolai Ivanovich Davydov (1922, village of Berezovets, Novosilsky district, Oryol region) and junior technical lieutenant Georgy Petrovich Dubrovsky (1913, village of Lipen, Mogilev region), were immortalized at the memorial complex in the village. g.t. Anna is only Dubrovsky, the commander's surname is missing.

1944 July 6 = the disaster occurred near Znamenka, in the Talovsky district, long-range bomber Il-4. The plane belonged to the 23rd training aviation regiment of the 1st Ryazan Higher Officer School of Long-Range Aviation Night Crews, which was based in the city of Morshansk, Tambov Region. The school was faced with the task of training crews for Long-Range Bomber Aviation, capable of performing solo flights at night in difficult weather conditions. Pilots learned to find and hit targets located at long distances at night. The plane took off from the Morshansk airfield. The report on the irretrievable losses of the school, signed by the chief of staff, Colonel Bukhtoyarov, states that F.I. Labzin, S.G. Shirinkin, P.A. Bitikov, and V.F. Grigoriev are buried in the city of Morshansk. In fact, the crew was buried in a mass grave in the village of Znamenka, Talovsky district, Voronezh region. The names on it are: F.I. Labzin, S.G. Shirin (there is a mistake in the surname, the correct name is Shirinkin), V.F. Grigoriev, Ivannikov, P.A. Pyzhikov (mistake in surname, correct – Bitikov) and Art. Sergeant N.I. Marshavin.

1944 December 16 = a high-speed front-line SB bomber fell near the village of Shchuchye, Ertilsky district. The plane belonged to the Levanevsky Naval Aviation School. On board were the instructor pilot of the Military Transport Squadron, junior lieutenant Grigory Afanasyevich Krivopishin (b. 1918, Kustanai region), navigator, navigation cycle teacher, senior lieutenant Boris Vasilyevich Brylev, and mechanic, senior sergeant Nikolai Sergeevich Baykov from the Samara region. Taking off from the Bazenchuk airfield in Saratov region, the pilots headed for the city of Nikolaev, where the school was located. After flying about eight hundred kilometers, the plane fell and crashed. In the mass grave located in the park of the village of Shchuchye, B.V. Brylev, G.A. Krivopeshin and N.S. Boykov are listed as buried. The military registration and enlistment office made mistakes in spelling the names Krivopishin and Baykov. When deciding to publish the archives of the Ministry of Defense, the country's leadership hoped that this would facilitate the work of perpetuating the memory of local authorities and military registration and enlistment offices who died in the Great Patriotic War, but so far this has not happened in the Voronezh region.

1955 August 6 = Disaster, Voronezh, Dynamo Park area, Il-14 aircraft (aircraft serial number: 4340408), aircraft commander Grigory Fedorovich Shamritsky, co-pilot Ivan Ivanovich Turikov, flight mechanic Nikolay Timofeevich Aristarkhov, flight radio operator Anatoly Ivanovich Stalin, flight attendant Loginova Maria Nikonorovna, the crew of the 65th air squadron was flying on the route Vnukovo-Stalingrad-Vnukovo. During the flight to Stalingrad, the crew made an unscheduled landing in Voronezh to pick up several passengers. After landing, the airport's shift engineer, conducting an external inspection of the aircraft, discovered minor traces of oil on the rear hood of the right engine unit opposite the 3rd cylinder. In response to his question, the flight mechanic replied that oil was knocked out of the exhaust pipe when the engine was started. The engineer was convinced that there were also traces of burnt oil on the muffler of the 3rd cylinder. The aircraft was parked in Voronezh for 10 minutes instead of the minimum 30 minutes required for inspection. The flight to Stalingrad was allowed. After landing at the Stalingrad airport, while inspecting the plane, the airport's senior engineer, having discovered oil knocking out of the right engine, gave the command to wash the engine, then start it and test for oil leaks. During testing, it was found that oil was being knocked out from under the valve box cover of the 3rd cylinder. The cover nuts were tightened until fully tightened. After re-testing for 20 minutes there was no oil knockout. At 13:29, the plane took off with a delay of 29 minutes. The flight took place at an altitude of 2,200 m in the clouds. At 15:10, the crew reported that the right engine had feathered and would make an emergency landing in Voronezh. After the report on the flight of the DPRM, the crew received landing conditions with a heading of 46° and permission to descend to 900 m. Then, after the crew reported on entering the visual flight, communication stopped. A destroyed and burning plane was found in a field northeast of Voronezh, 5 km from the KTA airport with an azimuth of 280° (4 km from the runway). The right wing plane was found 550 m from the fuselage with an azimuth of 250° (3,750 m from the DPRM with an azimuth of 340°). The right engine was located 185 m from the fuselage wreckage with an azimuth of 300°. Actual weather: cloudiness 10 points, stratocumulus, no precipitation, altitude 975 m, horizontal visibility 10 km. The crew piloted the plane calmly and confidently. Their actions were correct and did not affect the outcome of the flight. It was established that due to the failure of the right engine, a fire broke out in it. After leaving the clouds at an altitude of 800-900 m, the right engine came off the plane, and then the right plane. The plane, burning, fell to the ground at 15:18 and exploded. The crew and passengers died. On board was a delegation of 10 Norwegian women – activists of various political parties and public associations, as well as three accompanying people from the Anti-Fascist Committee of Soviet Women, at the invitation of which the delegation visited Stalingrad. An examination of the engine showed that the destruction of the cylinder liner No. 2 occurred due to the presence of a fatigue crack in it due to its poor quality manufacturing at the manufacturing plant. The sleeve had rough marks from machining. As a result of a fire in the area where the engine was installed, the center section was destroyed due to burnout of its main power elements and loss of strength of other structural elements. The wing, having lost its strength, collapsed and separated in the air. The crew did not know about the fire until the last moment. The destruction of the wing was completely unexpected for the crew. Probably, the fire alarm lamp in the engine was covered (the lamp cap was turned to the right all the way). The crew members, having feathered the propeller of the right engine, then did not observe it sufficiently. While parked in Stalingrad, the aircraft was not subjected to a full post-flight inspection. In particular, oil filters have not been tested. Fire due to failure of the right engine. As a result of the fire, the plane was destroyed in mid-air, killing 25 people. The disaster became known in the West due to the fact that there were foreigners on board - a delegation of Norwegian women (10 people). During the war years in Nazi-occupied Norway, inspired by the feat of the defenders of Stalingrad, they secretly sewed a Soviet flag, and after the liberation of the country they presented it to the Soviet military. The flag was transferred to Stalingrad and kept in a museum there. A delegation of women was invited to visit the city.

1958 April 29 = near Voronezh (presumably east of the city), An-10 aircraft, serial number BC 8400102, test flight, 1 person died, failure of one engine, subsequent loss of power of the other three; forced landing in a field, structural destruction; during the first test flight after assembly, engine No. 1 failed, the automatic system reduced the thrust of engine No. 4 (used to combat the turning moment on the first machines, but was not used subsequently); soon the remaining two engines also began to lose power; the crew made a rough forced landing in a field near a small river, during which the plane collapsed; flight engineer died; it was the second production car; the second production vehicle (No. 01-02) was destroyed on its first flight, the crew of A.V. Larionov faced a very difficult situation. On the plane, the leftmost engine failed, and at the same time the automation reduced the power of the rightmost engine (this was how they tried to fight the turning moment, which was soon abandoned). Then the internal engines began to fail. It was possible to increase the power of the rightmost AI-20, but, obviously, the crew did not have enough experience... The crew did not take advantage of the opportunity to restore the operation of engines No. 2 and 4 by turning off the fuel cutting system. Returning to the departure airfield became impossible and the crew decided to land at the recovery area. The landing was made with the landing gear extended on a loose, wet field. While flying over the ground, the plane collided with the high opposite bank of a small river. Upon impact, the tail section of the fuselage separated and fell into the river. The front part of the fuselage with the center section and engines collapsed, and in an inverted position and in a destroyed state, it stopped on the opposite bank of a small river. The flight mechanic was killed, the co-pilot and flight radio operator were seriously injured, the PIC and navigator were slightly injured; ship commander - test pilot A.V. Larionov, co-pilot - test pilot S.G. Shovkunenko, test navigator I.S. Lukashov, test flight mechanic A.A. Zakharov, test flight radio operator N.A. Markov. ; After the disaster, new technical processes were introduced at the aircraft plant, the qualifications of workers were improved, measures to improve the quality of production of serial aircraft also had a beneficial effect, in particular, it was possible to improve the external surface of the aircraft, which led to an increase in the maximum flight speed to 710 km/h."

1967 December 31 = An-24B accident of the Voronezh OJSC MU SPiMVL in the area of ​​the Voronezh airport, the crew of the 243rd flight detachment (commander V.I. Kolesnikov) performed a landing approach to the Voronezh airport with MKp = 226° at night, in difficult weather conditions. While descending in the Voronezh airport area, the crew received data from the air traffic controller about the conditions at the airfield: cloud height 80 m, visibility 1280 m, which was worse than the established minimum (100x1500 m). Despite this, the traffic controller allowed the crew to approach and descend to an altitude of 300 m at an airfield pressure of 746 mm Hg. and then the landing approach using SP-50 to a height of 100 m. At the same time, the controller did not inform the crew of the actual cloud height and visibility range. From the DPRM the plane flew exactly on course, but below the glide path. At an altitude of 100 m, the crew (according to his testimony) saw the runway, reported this to the dispatcher and received permission from him to land. When approaching the BPRM, the aircraft began to descend sharply and, with a slight right roll, touched the ground with the wheels of the right landing gear at a distance of 300 m from the BPRM and 213 m to the right of the runway axis, then separated, flew 150 m, collided with trees and collapsed.

1969 March 3 = An-2M crash of the Voronezh JSC of the Moscow Directorate of SPiMVL, Crew of the 307th flight detachment (commander Viktor Dmitrievich Smyshlyaev, aircraft technician Wise Yaroslav Vasilyevich and aircraft mechanic Danshin A.I.) flew on February 28 to the Krasnoe Znamya state farm in the Anninsky district of the Voronezh region for the production of chemical and chemical equipment. On March 1-3, PIC Smyshlyaev carried out flights to disperse mineral fertilizers at the state farm. From the day of arrival, all crew members violated their pre-flight rest every day by drinking alcohol. On March 3, they consumed alcoholic beverages in the morning before the flights began and during the lunch break, after which Smyshlyaev took a state farm worker on board and carried out 5 production flights with her. On the 9th flight, the right seat in the pilot’s cockpit was occupied by aircraft technician Mudry, who, according to the testimony of aircraft mechanic Danshin, took a bottle of wine on board. In the last, 13th flight after the lunch break, when returning from the cultivated area, according to eyewitnesses, the plane performed two circles over the dairy farm of the state farm at an altitude of 80...100 m with deep swings from wing to wing and then flew to the side with a climb working airfield. Near the airfield, at an altitude of about 150...200 m, the plane suddenly went vertically upward and turned upside down. At the same time, fertilizer residues fell from the plane. Then, without changing the engine operating mode, it went into a dive and, at an angle of about 60°, hit the ground 140 m from the airfield, exploded and caught fire. The PIC and aircraft technician were killed. After the impact, the plane was thrown 50 m in the direction of the work site. The debris was scattered over an area of ​​100x70 m. The engine was 56 m from the plane. The accident occurred at 16:45. The blood of PIC Smyshlyaev contained 1.3‰ alcohol (moderate degree of intoxication), and the blood of aircraft technician Mudry – 0.9‰ (mild degree of intoxication). The main cause of the disaster is the gross indiscipline of the PIC, which was expressed in the systematic violation of pre-flight rest, consumption of alcoholic beverages during the flight mission and his perpetration of aerial hooliganism.

1971 August 11 = Il-14 crash of the Tbilisi aircraft plant named after Dimitrov in the Voronezh region, Anninsky district, 3 km southwest of the village of Nashchekino; the crew carried out a flight to transport 20 empty argon gas cylinders and 6 boxes with metal parts. The total weight of the cargo was 1792 kg. There was a passenger on board - a flight mechanic from the factory squadron. The crew, commander Vladimir Grigorievich Simonovsky, co-pilot Varlam Vasilievich Sikharulidze, navigator Pavel Vissarionovich Kochlavov, flight radio operator Albert Solomonovich Imerliashvili, flight mechanic Mikhail Borisovich Shafeev, took off from the factory airfield at 10:48. At 12:59 the plane landed in Krasnodar and, after refueling, took off at 13:55. The flight took place at an altitude of 2700 m visually in the IMC. Actual weather on the route: clear, visibility – 20 km. The weather forecast called for a slight turbulence. The crew conducted radio communications; there were no reports of any emergency situations. The plane was on the route at MK=350° with an indicated speed of 300 km/h. At 16:10 the crew stopped responding to requests. After an organized search, the wreckage of the plane was discovered in a field 9 km west of the route axis. According to eyewitnesses, the plane descended with normal sound. At an altitude of 300-350m the sound sharply intensified and a bang was heard, after which separate parts of the aircraft flew off. He turned over in the air and collided with the ground. The commission found that the initial destruction of the horizontal tail and the goggles occurred in the air when the aircraft was brought out of descent due to overloads that occurred above the design ones and from the high-speed pressure. The plane turned upside down and collided with the ground at an angle of 15-20° at a speed of at least 330 km/h with the landing gear and flaps retracted and the engines running and was completely destroyed. No traces of failures were found on the surviving components and assemblies. There was no fire in the air. Calculations have established that the alignment was 22.9% of the MAR - 1.9% of the MAR above the maximum rear. The PIC recorded in the flight decision log 16.2% MAR. Based on an analysis of the mooring devices found at the site, the commission concluded that the securing of the cargo was not reliable enough. All crew members, except the PIC, were found to have low levels of alcohol.

1973 September 7 = Li-2 disaster at the Voronezh aircraft plant in the Kirov region, Arbazhsky district, near the village. Kyvyrla; crew commander Leonid Alekseevich Seliverstov, co-pilot Vadim Sergeevich Smirnov, flight mechanic Vladimir Antonovich Safyanov, flight radio operator Grigory Mikhailovich Penkov, second flight engineer Sergei Zakharovich Fillipushkin; On September 4, the crew carried out the task of delivering service passengers (plant workers) to carry out modifications to the plant’s products in Arkhangelsk, Amderma and Kotlas. On September 6, the plane took off from Amderma and arrived at Kotlas airport. On the same day, the crew flew to the Savvatiya military airfield for refueling, rest and overnight. On September 7, the crew took off without cargo with two factory workers returning to Voronezh. Weather forecast for the route from 09:00 to 17:00, issued military unit at the Savvatiya airfield, provided for: cloudiness of 10 points with a height of 150-200 m, in the second half of the route 300-500 m, rain, visibility 2-4 km, in the second half of the route 4-6 km, slight icing in the clouds. The flight from Kotlas to Kirov took place at a flight level of 1,500 m. At 10:42, the crew reported flying the traverse of the Kirov airport above the clouds at a flight level of 1,500 m and, at the dispatcher’s command, climbed to an altitude of 1,800 m along the highway to Gorky. At 10:46 the crew reported 1,800 m. At 10:55 the approach controller gave a distance of 70 km from the Kirov airport with an azimuth of 200° and gave the command to switch to communication with Kirov-Control. The crew established contact with him at 10:55 and at 10:56 received an azimuth of 219° and instructions for further flight at an altitude of 1,800 m. The crew confirmed. Subsequently, starting from 11:12, he did not respond to requests. The plane was found at 15:00 burned out at a distance of 120 km from the Kirov airport with an azimuth of 220° in the area where the Bokovaya River flows into the Pizhma River, south of the route axis 4-6 km, in a wooded and swampy area. The scatter of debris is 280x100 m. The main cause of the disaster is the plane getting caught in a thunderstorm. Other reasons: absence of thunderstorm in the weather forecast; lack of radar control due to the fact that the PRL-35 surveillance radar was undergoing preventive maintenance.

1974 June 29 = An-2M crash of the UGATSIA in the Gribanovsky district near the village. Nizhny Karachan. Twin crew of the 307th flight detachment (PIC Zlobin I.I. and PIC Malyukov E.V.) with flight commander V.F. Travin. arrived on June 24 at the collective farm named after. Dimitrova to perform pest control activities liquid poisons. On June 25, flight commander Travin completed 5 flights with Zlobin for his training. There were no flights on June 26 and 27. On June 28, Malyukov flew, and on June 29, Zlobin began flying independently. In the morning from 7 to 11 o'clock he performed 8 flights, after which he took a break. Zlobin Ivan Ivanovich began evening work at 18 o’clock. The actual weather in the work area from 18 to 21 hours was: cloudiness 10 points, stratocumulus 1500 m, visibility 10 km, quiet. Having completed one flight in the evening, Zlobin refueled the plane. After refueling, on the second flight, when spraying a pea field, after leaving the first rut, according to an eyewitness - a collective farm driver - the aircraft engine was working normally while climbing. Then the eyewitness heard a strong bang, similar to an explosion, after which the engine no longer worked, and the plane began to descend with a left bank and disappeared behind the trees. Then smoke appeared from the forest. Interruptions in engine operation are confirmed by other eyewitnesses. The plane was found in a forest with trees about 35 m high, strictly along the exit route at a distance of 2 km from the cultivated field (between the settlements of Nizh. Karachan and Demidovo). The pilot died. The aircraft fuselage was completely burned down to frame 15, from frames 15 to 26, half-burnt and deformed. Based on the nature of the collision with trees, it was established that the plane was descending at an angle of 25-30°. At a height of 15 m, he hit a tree with a trunk diameter of 60 cm, turned it upside down, turned over and fell to the ground upside down. The fire started in the engine area. Based on the nature of the damage to the propeller, it was established that it was not rotating at the time of the collision with obstacles and the ground. The accident occurred at 19:35. The commission found that the plane's flight altitude at the time of the engine failure was at least 50 m above the treetops, and the flight direction coincided with the direction to the crash site. A forced landing outside the forest was excluded even when flying at the moment of engine failure at an altitude of 100 m due to the large forest area. It was not possible to determine the true cause of the engine failure, since all the engine components that ensured its operation burned out.

1976 March 6 = Crash of the Il-18E of the Armenian CAA in the Vornezh region near the village of Verkhnyaya Khava; The crew of the 279th flight squad took off at Vnukovo airport at 23:59 on March 5. There were 100 passengers on board, including 1 child and a Polish citizen. Before abeam Voronezh, the plane was flying at a flight level of 7800 m above the clouds in the IMC, the natural horizon was not visible. At 00:58, in a flat area on the western outskirts of the village of Upper Hawa, the plane collided with the ground, completely collapsed and exploded. The collision with the ground occurred with a dive angle of about 70°, with a roll of 5-10° in a field 150 m from the outskirts of the village. The scatter of debris was 390x120 m with an azimuth of 220°. The bulk of the aircraft structure was located at a depth of 2-14 m directly at the crash site. The actual weather in the area of ​​the Voronezh airport and Verkhnyaya Khava from 23:50 to 01:20 was: cloudiness 10 points with a height of 240-270m, snow, blizzard, haze, visibility 1500-2000m, wind 90° 8-11m/s, on flight level 7800 m wind 45 km/h 150°. The upper limit of cloudiness is 3000-4000m; The Moscow-Yerevan flight was performed by the commander of the aircraft Ponomarev Nikolai Ivanovich, the pilot instructor 3 of AE Sogomonyan Vladimir Mkrtychievich, the second pilot Kantarzhyan Sergey Georgievich, the navigation of Poghosyan Albert Vardanovich, the navigator-Stater Haliulin Rifat Zakiulovich, Bortmeikhanika Manukyan Spartak Ovakovich, Bordeamchuk Igor Ivanovich, flight attendants: Tatevosyan Susanna Saakovna, Bagdasaryan Seryozha Srapionovich, Timofeeva Tamara Konstantinovna, Arkhipova Tatyana Aleksandrovna. Collision with the ground at an angle of 35 degrees; led to the death of 7 people on the ground - residents of Upper Hawa, there were no official reports of the tragedy - no one wanted to overshadow the work of the 25th Congress of the CPSU; departure from the capital's Vnukovo airport, an aircraft of the Yerevan air squad with tail number 75408, commanded by first class pilot Ponomarev, took off from the airport's concrete surface at 23 hours 59 minutes, there were 111 people on board, 11 of them crew members, flight before entering the service area of ​​the Voronezh airport passed normally, the Voronezh air traffic controller V. Udalov allowed to follow Mineral water; During the investigation into the causes of the accident, it was established that in the 52nd minute of the flight at an altitude of 7800 meters, the plane’s autopilot turned off, the heading system readings froze in one position, the plane lost orientation in space, and the power supply failed; The commission concluded that piloting the aircraft in the current conditions was impossible, and the crew was unable to get out of the emergency situation. In October 2003 At the site of the death, representatives of the Armenian diaspora of Voronezh erected a monument to their dead relatives; when they were digging a hole under the stele, they found bones, rotten shoes, parts of the paneling...

1976 March 23 = Crash of the Ka-26 (serial number 7304005) of the Kaluga OJSC UGAC in the Kalacheevsky district, 7 km north of the settlement. Podgornoye, pilot of the 306th flight detachment Viktor Ivanovich Belov performed aerovisual flights from the Kalach airfield in the Voronezh region for geophysical surveying in an area with a radius of 50 km northeast of the Kalach road, according to an agreement with the Voronezh geophysical expedition, takeoff was made at 13:12 along the route: Kalach - Bogoyavlenskoye (point No. 19) via point No. 9 (Krasnopolye). The flight was carried out at an altitude of 150 m at airfield pressure, according to the instructions. During the flight, communication with the helicopter stopped. An organized search found the helicopter the next day at 17:30, in a field with a snow depth of 40-50 cm, 7 km north of the village. Podgornoye (17.3 km northeast of the Kalach highway with A = 52°) destroyed and burned. The pilot and two geophysical technicians were killed. The crash occurred at 1:22 p.m. The flight was carried out with MLA = 50° at an altitude of 100-150 m above the terrain being flown. The collision with the ground occurred with MPL = 180-200°, with an angle of 30-35°, high vertical and translational speed, left drift and a tailwind. In the flight area there was cloudiness that was no lower than 200 m, slight haze, and visibility of 3-5 km. The weather conditions corresponded to the minimum CVS (2000x200x16 m/s) and could not be the cause of the LP. The nature of the terrain with the presence of numerous landmarks (roads, forest belts) eliminates the possibility of the pilot losing his spatial position. The flight accident occurred due to an incorrect decision by the PIC to take off due to an error in calculating the minimum safe altitude (downwards), which led to a collision with the ground when turning at low altitude when encountering weather worse than the minimum.

1976 June 30 = An-2R crash of the Voronezh OJSC in the Kokchetav region state farm "Yuzhny", Valikhanovsky district, the crew of the 307th flight detachment (commander Viktor Anatolyevich Godnov, co-pilot Yuri Vladimirovich Golovin, aircraft technician A.D. Bunin) as part of the combined detachment of the USAC June 11 took off from Voronezh airport to perform emergency maintenance work. On June 14, the crew arrived at the operational point of the Yuzhny state farm in the Valikhanovsky district and began work. From June 27 to June 30, due to engine shaking, the crew did not make any flights. June 29 and 30 art. engineer of the combined detachment Chichin L.M. and aircraft technician A.D. Bunin The cause of the shaking was determined - a violation of the adjustment of the valve clearances. The gaps were 0.9-1.0 mm. After adjusting the gaps and replacing all the spark plugs, they tested the engine on the ground for 35 minutes. There was no shaking. Chichin and Godnov decided to fly the plane in the air. The crew took off at 09:05 Moscow time (12:05 local time) with MK = 40° with Chichin on board. At 09:10, the crew reported takeoff to fly around the aircraft to the Valikhanovo airport. When the flight commander asked how the engine worked, the crew replied: “It’s normal, the flight will take 10-15 minutes.” After this time, the crew did not respond to calls. The plane was found destroyed in a sown field 2 km south-southwest of the Yuzhny state farm (52°33’N, 71°36’E). There was no fire. Blade No. 3 of the propeller was found at a distance of 640 m from the aircraft. The disaster occurred at 09:15 Moscow time. The crew and passenger were killed.

1978 May 23 = Tu-144D crash at the Voronezh aircraft plant in the Yegoryevsk region, Tu-144D aircraft No. 10062 (77111) was manufactured at the Voronezh aircraft plant on 04/18/1978. and on April 27 made a flight for control flights (CPF) to the Ramenskoye airport due to the lack of the required runway length at the airfield of the Voronezh aircraft plant. Three flights were carried out on May 12, 16 and 18. On May 23, the aircraft completed its fifth flight, which lasted from 11:11 to 13:07. At 17:30 the second check and acceptance flight took off. Until 18:49:15, the flight took place in accordance with the checkpoint-2 assignment (climbing cruising altitude with acceleration to M = 2, checking the operation of power plants at this altitude, descending with braking to 12,000 m, assessing the cabin tightness at this altitude, assessing stability and controllability at M=1.2...0.85, reduction to 3000 m to launch the APU). The flight took place in a PMU. By 18:48:30 the crew completed most of the flight mission and descended to 3,000 m to start the APU (TA-6F engine). At 18:44:44 the crew began launching the APU. The launch was stopped at 18:49:15 due to the speed “freezing” by 35% with an increase in gas temperature to 600°C. 9 seconds later, at 18:49:24, the information “check the fire” was issued via RI-65 and the automatic fire extinguishing system was activated. The flight engineer reported: "Shut down No. 3, fire No. 3, nacelle No. 3." Engine #3 shut down at 18:49:31. After the automatic fire extinguishing sequence was activated, the fire signal was canceled after 2.5 seconds. After 25 seconds, the 2nd fire extinguishing stage was manually turned on. After 49 seconds (at 18:50:12), the “check fire” signal appeared again on the MSRP and the 3rd fire extinguishing stage was turned on. The signal continued until 18:50:16 and then appeared between 18:50:25 and 18:50:30, 18:51:15 and 18:51:20, 18:53:39 and until the end of the flight. After receiving the first signal, the crew decided to descend and make a turn towards the airfield, and also asked the command post to ensure a direct landing and prepare airfield fire extinguishing equipment. At 18:51:14, engine No. 4 stopped, after which it was also turned off by the flight engineer. Approximately 60 seconds after the first fire signal was triggered, a burning smell and smoke from the SCR appeared in the cabin. Subsequently, thick black smoke began to enter the cabin, making it difficult for the crew to work and filling the cabin by the time of landing. After the 1st engine stopped at 18:53:27, the plane went into a descent caused by a lack of thrust. Due to the impossibility of returning to the airfield, the crew decided to land outside the airfield. The deflectable nose of the fuselage was released to a position of 11.5°, and before landing - 17° - to provide visibility when selecting a site and during landing. After the decision was made to make an emergency landing outside the airfield, the descent was performed with a left turn to reach the selected site. Before landing, an additional turn to the left was made by approximately 10° to avoid the forest area and reach the selected site. During the final turn, at an altitude of 4-6 m, the plane passed through the forest boundary, cutting off 70-100 trees with a diameter of 8-25 cm, receiving significant damage to the leading edges of the wing, nacelles and nose fairing with the occurrence of holes and additional fuel leaks. The plane landed on the engine nacelles, with virtually no roll, 150 m from the forest border, on a flat, wet plowed field near the village. Kladkovo, Yegoryevsky district (55°23'41" N, 38°51'38" E, about 46 km southeast of the end of Runway 30 of the Ramenskoye road) at 18:55:18 with the landing gear retracted, the PC retracted, at a speed of about 380 km/h. The plane advanced across the field about 620 m, collapsing and losing fuel. The crew left the plane through the windows, the leading engineers through the left front door. Two flight engineers died in the plane's destruction. The plane continued to burn for about 1 hour. The fire was extinguished by members of the fire department. On the ground, the central part of the wing, most of the fuselage, parts of the engine nacelles remaining in the fire zone, and the rear part of the fuselage with most of the fin were burned. Crew: ship commander Eduard Vaganovich Elyan - bruises, co-pilot Vladislav Dmitrievich Popov - bruises, navigator Viktor Vladimirovich Vyazigin - injury, flight engineer (at the controls) Oleg Alekseevich Nikolaev - died, flight engineer Vyacheslav Leonidovich Venediktov - died, leading engineer Vitaly Mikhailovich Kulesh - unharmed , head of the sector Isaev Viktor Alekseevich - bruises, head of the sector Stolpovsky Vladislav Nikolaevich - injury.

1982 July 15 = An-2R crash of the Voronezh OJSC in the Anninsky district, 3 km east of the village. Krasny Log, the crew of the 307th flight detachment carried out agricultural pest control from the operational point of the village. Hleborodnoe. On the day of the incident, pea crops were treated with liquid chemicals on the collective farm named after. 50 years of October Revolution, Anninsky district. After completing two flights, the aircraft was refueled, the aircraft commander, Gennady Ivanovich Kudryavtsev, and the co-pilot, Mikhail Mikhailovich Podvigin, took off for the third flight at 11:18. At 11:35, after three approaches to the cultivated area, the crew left the rut, gained the set altitude of 50 m and began a right turn for the next approach to the rut. During the turn, the aircraft collided with a bird, parts of which fell into the carburetor air intake, resulting in a drop in engine power, which led to a sharp descent of the aircraft. In the emergency situation that had arisen, the crew was unable to pull the plane out of the turn due to a lack of time. The aircraft, with a right bank, collided with the ground in a wheat field, advanced after the impact 90 m with an azimuth of 160°, stopped destroyed on a country road next to the field and partially burned out. The commander was thrown 20 m from the cockpit and was taken to the hospital in serious condition by an eyewitness to the disaster in a personal car; the co-pilot was killed on impact and was in the flight deck. The accident occurred 51°31’50” N, 41°07’30” E.

1986 = a hang glider pilot was killed while testing a new hang glider design.

1988 June 21 = Povorino airfield area. Mig-21 aircraft. Training flight. 1 person died (cadet of the Borisoglebsky VVAUL). Carrying out the second independent flight in a circle, the pilot on landing allowed a high alignment with a subsequent take-off of up to 10 m. During the take-off process, the pilot lost speed, the plane reached high angles of attack and fell onto the wing. When it hit the ground, the plane was destroyed and the pilot died. Reason: insufficient preparation of the cadet to correct deviations during landing. Private definition of the review commission: the instructors of the training regiments of the Air Force University, when teaching cadets and pilots how to land, show unreasonable haste in assessing the capabilities of the trainees and allow them to fly independently with weak piloting skills.

1989 = Povorino airfield area, Mig-21 aircraft, training flight, 1 person died (cadet Kuznetsov Eduard Borisoglebsky VVAUL), causes unknown.

1994 September 15 = Rossoshansky district, village. Novaya Kalitva crash Yak-18T (owner - private person), the aircraft was purchased as private property, not registered anywhere, and it was repeatedly flown without notifying ATC authorities in the airspace of the Russian Federation and Ukraine. While performing another unauthorized flight without communication and without requests, the crew landed at a site near the village. New Kalitva, Voronezh region. After refueling the plane with gasoline, the pilots took off and began demonstrating complex aerobatics to the local population, during which they went into a tailspin. The plane collided with the ground and collapsed, 2 pilots and 2 passengers were killed.

1996 April 23 = Verkhnemamonsky district, settlement Russkaya Zhuravka, the cause of the collision of the aircraft with the forest belt was gross violations by the PIC Gorelov A.I. manual on emergency management clause 5.2.2, NPP GA-85 clause 7.3.7, instructions on the interaction and technology of work of the crew members of the An-2 aircraft, Flight Manual of the An-2 aircraft chapter 4 section "Takeoff" clause 6, expressed in: taking off with a tailwind component; non-cessation of take-off when deviating from the specified take-off direction; non-cessation of take-off when passing the take-off termination line; lifting off the aircraft at a speed less than evolutionary.

2000 April 6 = Crew consisting of aircraft commander R.N. Sorokin. and co-pilot Colin A.A. carried out a flight along the route: Saransk airfield - a site near the settlement of Malye Alabukhi, Voronezh region, to perform aeronautical chemical work. There were two service passengers on board the plane. Preparations for the implementation of AHR by the command and management staff of the State Enterprise "Saransky OJSC" were organized unsatisfactorily. Validity period of the permit of PIC Sorokina R.N. the deadline for performing the AHR expired on April 4, 2000. Before the flight, the site was not inspected by the airline’s specialists and its preparation for receiving the aircraft was not supervised by the flight control personnel. As a result, the site turned out to be unprepared for flight operations (the side and end safety strips were not equipped, the boundaries of the asphalt concrete runway were not marked with flags, the snow during removal was shifted 4.5 m beyond the left edge of the runway with a landing course of 210°, resulting in the formation of snow shaft up to 125 cm high). When carried out on 04/04/2000. preliminary preparation, in violation of the requirements of paragraph 3.10 of the Manual on APR in Civil Aviation, “Instructions for flight operations in the TIR area of ​​the Voronezh aerodrome” and “Instructions for flight operations in the area of ​​the APR site near the settlement of Malye Alabukhi” were not studied by the crew due to for their absence.

2000 June 26 = approx. At 20:00, while landing at the Voronezh-B airfield, as a result of an error in piloting technique, the plane roughly touched down on the ground before the runway. After the second contact and fire of the aircraft, at the command of the flight director, the crew ejected, the crew successfully ejected.

2001 June 26 = at 21:05, area of ​​the Bolshevik collective farm, Gribanovsky district. Airplane Aviatika MAI-890. Aerochemical works. 1 person died. Pilot error, exceeding the permissible roll when turning at low altitude, reaching high angles of attack, stalling; Resolution of the Board of the Russian FLA based on the results of the investigation into the crash of the Aviatika-MAI-890 aircraft, serial number 122, not registered in the Register of Aircraft of the Russian FLA and not having a Certificate of Airworthiness. PIC citizen of Ukraine Ignatiev Sergey Konstantinovich, who is not an amateur pilot of the Russian FLA. The accident occurred during the performance of aeronautical chemical work. Primary message about the accident of the Aviatika-MAI-890U aircraft No. 01835 FLA RF, head. No. 081, owned by N.A. Krasikov, on the basis of which the resolution of the Board of the Russian Federation FLA was adopted on the creation of a commission to investigate the circumstances of the disaster, does not correspond to reality. The plane that crashed, Aviatika-MAI-890, serial number 122, belongs to the Delta Club MAI, a member of the United Federation of Ultralight Aviation (UF SLA). .... for the purpose of carrying out aeronautical chemical work and is registered in the name of.... The purchase and sale is formalized by an agreement.... Three interested parties: Ivanov I.N., Krasikov N.A. and Vinogradov V.V. created the Branch of the FLA of the Russian Federation “Aero - XXI Century”, and registered it with the FLA of Russia.
Note: The Federation of Aviation Amateurs of Russia (FLA Russia) and the United Federation of Ultralight Aviation (UF SLA) are two completely different public organizations independent of each other. All three have a flight education - they graduated from the Kharkov VVAUL in 1981. We met S.K. Ignatiev. while still at school - he was also a cadet of this class. A single copy of the aircraft “Aviatika-MAI-890”, made from an assembly kit, serial number 122, was not registered in the Register of the RF FLA, does not have an onboard registration number of the RF FLA, was not inspected by the LII-FLA Technical Commission, Certificate of airworthiness, It does not have a standard standard in the Russian Federal Aviation Administration. Chemical equipment parts were purchased from different places. The disassembled aircraft was delivered to the Voronezh region, where it was then assembled, and Ivanov I.N. flew around. The contract for the performance of aerial chemical works was concluded between the company "Agrodonproduct" (customer) and Ivanov I.N., head of the Aero - XXI Century Branch of the Russian FLA (contractor), acting in accordance with the text of the contract on the basis of the Charter. The FLA Branch “Aero - XXI Century” did not have documents giving the right to carry out AMR. The implementation of AHR on a commercial basis is not provided for either by the Charter of the FLA of Russia, or by the Charter of the Branch of the FLA of the Russian Federation. Conclude any contracts for such work (and perform these works) on behalf of the FLA of the Russian Federation or the Branch of the FLA of the Russian Federation Ivanov I.N. had no right. No contracts were concluded for any type of aviation insurance. The insurance provided against damage to “third parties” refers to the aircraft “Aviatika-MAI-890U” No. 01835 of the Russian FLA and has nothing to do with the crashed aircraft. Agreements with farms were concluded through an intermediary - the Agrodonproduct company. About the disaster Ivanov I.N. did not inform the Board of the Russian FLA, citing: the plane is not yours, the pilot is not yours, although the emergency operations were carried out on behalf of the RF FLA Branch, and tail number 01835 of the RF FLA “Aviatiki-MAI-890U”, i.e. another plane, ended up in the initial message. A preliminary application for flights was not submitted to the ATM authorities, permission to use the airspace was not requested or issued, the flights were carried out without radio communications and without weather support, the air traffic services authorities of Voronezh Airport did not have any information about this aircraft (Appendix No. on page 1 . - Information on the airspace use plan). Gasoline for flights (car AI-95) was purchased at a gas station in Borisoglebsk and stored in aluminum cans. There are no passport details for him, according to Ivanov I.N. When purchasing, we got acquainted with the fuel passport. Ivanov I.N. prepared the plane for flights. and V.V. Vinogradov, they also carried out routine maintenance. Passing medical control before departure - in accordance with clause 4.12.5. NPP GA-85, but without documentation.
Ignatiev Sergey Konstantinovich (b. 1955, citizen of Ukraine), total flight time is 1500 hours on L-29, L-39, MiG-21, MiG-23 aircraft, of which 1350 hours as PIC. Admission to fly on the Aviatika is in the Certificate of Aviation Athlete of the USSR DOSAAF, issued by the organization "Ukrainian School of Pilots" on October 15, 1998. The total flight time on the Aviatika-MAI-890 is unknown 18 hours, all as PIC, flight time in the FLA Department “Aero - XXI Century”. 9 hours, of which 7 hours on your own.” He was not certified as an amateur pilot of the Russian FLA. Next medical examination according to form No. 086/U passed on May 21, 2001.
Ivanov Ilya Nikolaevich, total flight time 2000 hours on L-39, MiG-21, An-26, Yak-18T, Aviatika -890, 890U. Retraining for Aviatika-MAI-890U and -890 aircraft with Rotax-912 and Rotax-582 engines took place in 2000. VLEK passed on November 16, 2000.
Vinogradov Valery Vladimirovich, the total flight time of 1500 hours is not known - on L-29, L-39, MiG-21, MiG-29 aircraft, of which 1350 hours as PIC; flying time on Aviatika MAI-890 and VLEK certificate were not presented. 18 hours, all as PIC. 1600 hours on L-29, L-39, MiG-21, MiG-29.
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Krasikov did not take direct part in the events related to the disaster due to illness.
Any documents confirming the preparation of Ivanov I.N., Vinogradov V.V., Krasikov N.A. How aviation technicians The FLA of the Russian Federation was not represented to the commission. The Aviatika-MAI-890 aircraft was developed by OSKBES MAI as part of Aviatika JSC in 1990. This is a single-seat multi-purpose light aircraft - biplane, number of crew members - 1. Engine Rotax-582, Rotax-912ULS, power 100 hp. The aircraft "Aviatika-MAI-890", serial number 122, was manufactured by the Moscow Aviation Production Association (MAPO) in the form of a kit (assembled kit) in 1993. According to the response of the Chief Designer of OSKBES MAI N.P. Goryunov. At the request of the FLA inspection, the assembly kit, serial number 122, was, among others, transferred to the MAI delta club for experimental work in the mid-90s. How the plane was assembled and where it was used before the accident was not noted in the aircraft log. The aircraft is equipped with a Rotax-912ULS engine, the fuel system has been modified, and equipment for performing emergency control has been installed. “Aviatika-890”, serial number 122, was manufactured by the Moscow Aviation Production Association (MAPO) as a kit in 1993. How it was assembled and where it was used before the accident was not noted in the aircraft log.

2002 June 20 = Borisoglebsk airfield area, Aero L-39 Albatros training aircraft. Training flight. 1 person died (5th year cadet of the Borisoglebsky VVAUL). The plane crashed during landing.

2004 March 24 = District s. Elizavetovka, Pavlovsk district. An-2R aircraft. Aerochemical works. 3 people died. Pilot error. The plane was landing below the glide path, crashed into a tree and burned out.
The crew of the aircraft carried out unauthorized flights to the AHR in the Voronezh region. The aircraft commander and co-pilot were employees of OJSC Don-Avia-Center Airlines, controlled by OMTU CR. The aircraft commander was Novikov Yu.V., co-pilot Solunya A.V., maintenance at the Pavlovsk AHR site was performed by an aircraft technician from OJSC "Don-Avia-Center Airlines", who was also on board the aircraft at the time of the accident; As established, on March 23, 2004, the aircraft commander arrived at the Pavlovsk AHR site without permission from the airline management. By this time, the co-pilot and an aircraft technician were already there, equipping the aircraft to perform emergency operations. On March 24, 2004, the crew with an aircraft technician on board, in the absence of permits for the aircraft, arbitrarily flew to the AHR work site in the area of ​​the village of Sergeevka (25 km west of the city of Pavlovsk) and carried out flights there to disperse mineral fertilizers. The crew did not submit an application for flights to the ATS service; the flights were carried out without weather forecasts and radio communications. Organization and provision of technical maintenance of the AN-2 RA-33596 aircraft from the moment of its arrival at the Pavlovsk airfield, contrary to the requirements of clause 19.3.3. NTRERAT GA-93, was carried out without drawing up production and technical documentation for aircraft maintenance. In violation of the requirements of Articles 33 and 36 of the Air Code Russian Federation, clause 19.2.11. NTERAT GA-93 and clause 2.2.8. NPP GA-85, flights were carried out without having on board the Certificate of Registration of the Aircraft, the Certificate of Airworthiness, the logbook, the “customer’s” application and the flight assignment. The aircraft was refueled with AI-95 motor gasoline. According to eyewitnesses, the last loading of the plane with fertilizer ended before sunset. Despite this, the aircraft commander decided to carry out a flight to disperse fertilizers on the field. In violation of the requirements of clause 7.1.3. On the last flight, the NPP GA-85 aircraft technician took the place of the co-pilot. After spraying fertilizers, when landing at the base site of the Pavlovsk AHR, in the conditions of darkness, the crew allowed the aircraft to descend prematurely, as a result of which, upon completion of the fourth turn, the aircraft, being in a roll, collided with the trees of the forest belt at a height with its left half-box of wings 7 m from the ground and 390 m from the end of the runway. Upon impact with the ground, the plane was completely destroyed and burned. The aircraft commander, co-pilot and aircraft technician were killed.

2006 March 15 = District s. Dankovo, Kashira district, 50 kilometers from Voronezh between the villages of Ilyich and Donskoye, a Su-24M bomber, while performing a training flight from the Baltimore airfield in Voronezh, the plane lost control and crashed into a field. Casualties and destruction were avoided: the pilots took the car to a safe place and ejected. The flight for the pilots of the 105th mixed air regiment, flight commander Major Vladimir Sergeev and Captain Roman Ostroverkhov, ended with an emergency ejection. Sergeev took a test in piloting technique from Ostroverkhov, who had taken a break from flying. The captain was performing aerobatic maneuvers when the on-board sensors began to signal a failure of the aircraft's main and backup hydraulic systems. Almost immediately the bomber stopped obeying the rudder and fell into a tailspin. The pilots barely managed to steer him away from the village of Donkovo. The Su-24 crashed onto an abandoned farm not far from the 571st kilometer of the Voronezh-Moscow highway, the pilots landed safely on the field, a commission headed by Air Force Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Mikhailov and investigators from the garrison prosecutor’s office are trying to figure out whose fault the technical malfunction occurred.

2009 December 19 = at 13.45 a kilometer from their village of Mosalskoye, Kashira district. Bomber Su-24M. When the bomber was between the village. Maslovka and Nikolskoye, at an altitude of about 3000 meters, his control system suddenly failed, and the crew commander reported the problem to the command post. They tried to help the pilots land the car from the ground, but the plane continued to lose altitude. The car crashed into a field near the village. Mosalskoye, 20 km from the village. Combat. Before ejecting, the pilots managed to take the plane away from residential buildings. The fallen bomber went six meters into the ground. At the site of its fall, a crater with a diameter of about 16 meters was formed, and the wreckage of the plane scattered hundreds of meters. 01/27/2009 In connection with the crash of the Su-24M plane in the Kashira region, a criminal case was opened under Article 351 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for violation of flight rules or preparation for them.

2010 December 28 = An-22 Russian Air Force tail number "09343", with two crews on board at about 21:00 took off from Voronezh to the Migalovo airport in the Tver region, performing a training flight, disappeared from the radar screens at about 21:30 on the border of Tula and Oryol region. The bodies of 12 dead were found at the site of the An-22 plane crash in the Tula region. The wreckage of the plane was discovered near the village of Krasny Oktyabr, located 100 kilometers from Tula; a crater with a diameter of 20 meters and a depth of four meters was formed. Electronics failure is considered the main version of the disaster. Killed: Lieutenant Colonel Ivanov, ship commander Andrei Belov, ship commander Sergei Soldatov, assistant ship commander Alexey Smorchkov, ship navigator-instructor Igor Slinkov, onboard engineers: Dmitry Kharitonov, Sergei Nevidimov, Dmitry Domashin, Yuri Karpukhin, Marat Baitulov, Evgeniy Ivanov senior airman radio operator Boris Kondratyuk. The military investigative department of the Investigative Committee for the garrison opened a criminal case on the grounds of a crime under Art. 351 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (violation of flight rules or preparation for them).
An-22 ("Antey") is a transport turboprop aircraft developed by the Antonov Design Bureau. The An-22 made its first flight in 1965. A total of 68 An-22 units were mass-produced, including two for testing. Production of the aircraft was discontinued in January 1976. In total, during the operation of the An-22 and its modifications, 7 aircraft accidents occurred with aircraft of this model (including a crash in the Tula region), as a result of which people died. The aircraft is capable of reaching speeds of up to 650 kilometers per hour and flying over a distance of up to 5.2 thousand kilometers. The carrying capacity of the An-22 is 80 tons. During the entire operation of the transporter, nine aircraft were lost.

2011 March 5 = An-148 plane crashed 140 kilometers from Voronezh during flight tests. The victims of the plane crash were 6 people on board the plane. Six people, including two pilots from Myanmar, died in the crash. The liner fell on garden plot private house, in the village of Garbuzovo, Alekseevsky district, there were no casualties or destruction on the ground. The Ministry of Emergency Situations reported that the bodies of two victims had already been removed from the plane. Rescuers see two more bodies, but because of the fire they cannot get to them. Before crashing, the aircraft disappeared from radar screens. During a test flight on the border of the Belgorod and Voronezh regions, an An-148 aircraft crashed; an experimental aircraft was performing a test flight. Before the An-148 plane crashed near Belgorod, the sound of an explosion was heard, the airliner began to fall apart in the air - its wing and tail flew off. An eyewitness to the tragedy, a resident of the village of Garbuzovo, Vladimir Vazhinsky, spoke about this. His words are quoted by RIA Novosti: “I was in the garden near the yard, I heard an explosion. A plane came in from the south side; it no longer had a wing,” Vazhinsky said. According to him, the wing of the plane flew towards his yard, but did not reach 50 meters, went to the side and caught fire. At that moment, one side of the plane was burning; the tail was no longer there. “The plane didn’t go into a tailspin; the pilots tried to pull it away from the village because the flight was aimed at a school. At that moment, there was a concert at the school dedicated to March 8, there were schoolchildren and parents,” Vazhinsky said. According to Vazhinsky, panic almost broke out at the school, and subsequently the children and teachers needed the help of a psychologist. The plane fell for two minutes. Immediately, information appeared in a number of publications that the pilots could have been saved if they had parachutes. But they are reportedly not issued for a training flight. It also became known that residents of 12 houses located in the immediate vicinity of the disaster site were evacuated. Direct eyewitnesses of the emergency pulled out two bodies from under the wreckage of the plane. The investigation will find out who was at the helm. Four “black” boxes were found at the scene. One of the recorders fell apart, three were in good condition. The An-148-100E aircraft produced by the Voronezh Aviation Plant, which was intended for delivery to Myanmar, crashed on Saturday morning. The wreckage of the airliner is located at a distance of three kilometers from the crash site. One tank of the crashed plane exploded, but the explosion of the second tank was prevented. The An-148 short-haul passenger aircraft, designed to carry from 70 to 99 passengers, was created by the Ukrainian Antonov Aviation Scientific and Technical Complex together with the Russian Federation. Its first flight took place in 2004. The airliner is produced at the Kiev Aviant plant, as well as by enterprises of the Voronezh Aircraft Manufacturing Society. The maximum flight range of the An-148 is 4400 km, with maximum quantity passengers - 6240 km. The aircraft's cruising speed is 800-870 km/h. The plane was intended for sale to Myanmar, and that day our pilots were training foreign ones. All six crew members were killed: four Voronezh residents and two Asians. On board the aircraft there was a crew of six people: crew commander - first class test pilot, Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation Yuri Pavlovich Zubritsky, crew members - first class test navigator, Honored Navigator of the Russian Federation Vladimir Ivanovich Yasko, on-board test engineer Alexander Alekseevich Korolev, leading flight test engineer Anatoly Sergeevich Samoshkin and pilots of the Republic of Myanmar Hten Lin Aung and Zaw Htun Aung. Myanmar pilots were trained in accordance with the approved 02/15/2011. flight crew training program on the An-148-100E aircraft, which was launched upon completion of the factory testing program. An-148-100E No. 61708 was intended for delivery to Myanmar under a contract signed in 2010. between JSC United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) and the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The executor of the contract was OJSC Voronezh Joint-Stock Aircraft Manufacturing Company (VASO). In February 2011 The aircraft completed flight tests at JSC VASO. At the time of the crash, the aircraft was on the balance sheet of the manufacturer, the UAC clarified. To date, An-148-100E No. 61708 has completed 31 flights as part of flight testing. No comments affecting flight safety were identified. To investigate the causes of the disaster on March 5, 2011, a commission of the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade was created. The management of United Aircraft Corporation OJSC and the Corporation's employees express deep condolences to the families and relatives of the deceased pilots, the corporation's press service reported. The funeral of the crew commander - Honored Test Pilot First Class of the Russian Federation Yuri Zubritsky, Honored Test Navigator First Class of the Russian Federation Vladimir Yasko, on-board aircraft operation engineer Alexander Korolev and leading flight test engineer Anatoly Samoshkin took place on the central alley of the Kominternovsky Cemetery in Voronezh.

Alexander Matveevich

Matrosov Alexander Matveevich - machine gunner of the 2nd separate battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after I.V. Stalin of the 6th Stalin Siberian Volunteer Rifle Corps of the 22nd Army of the Kalinin Front, Red Army soldier. On September 8, 1943, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR I.V. Stalin, the name of Matrosov was assigned to the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment, and he himself was forever included in the lists of the 1st company of this unit. This was the first order of the USSR NGO during the Great Patriotic War to enroll the fallen Hero forever in the lists of the military unit.

Born on February 5, 1924 in the city of Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk - the administrative center of the Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine). Russian. Member of the Komsomol. Lost his parents early. For 5 years he was brought up in the Ivanovo regime regime orphanage(Ulyanovsk region). In 1939, he was sent to a car repair plant in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara), but soon escaped from there. By the verdict of the people's court of the 3rd section of the Frunzensky district of the city of Saratov on October 8, 1940, Alexander Matrosov was sentenced under Article 192 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to two years in prison for violating the passport regime (Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR on May 5, 1967, this verdict canceled). He served time in the Ufa children's labor colony. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he repeatedly made written requests to be sent to the front.

He was drafted into the Red Army by the Kirov District Military Commissariat of the city of Ufa, Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in September 1942 and sent to the Krasnokholm Infantry School (October 1942), but soon most of the cadets were sent to the Kalinin Front.

In the active army since November 1942. Served as part of the 2nd separate rifle battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after (later the 254th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 56th Guards Rifle Division, Kalinin Front). For some time the brigade was in reserve. Then she was transferred near Pskov to the area of ​​Bolshoi Lomovatoy Bor. Straight from the march, the brigade entered the battle.
On February 27, 1943, the 2nd battalion received the task of attacking a strong point in the area of ​​the village of Pleten, west of the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky district of the Pskov region. As soon as our soldiers passed through the forest and reached the edge, they came under heavy enemy machine-gun fire - three enemy machine guns in bunkers covered the approaches to the village. One machine gun was suppressed by an assault group of machine gunners and armor-piercers. The second bunker was destroyed by another group of armor-piercing soldiers. But the machine gun from the third bunker continued to fire at the entire ravine in front of the village. Attempts to silence him were unsuccessful. Then Red Army soldier Alexander Matrosov crawled towards the bunker. He approached the embrasure from the flank and threw two grenades. The machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the fighters went on the attack, the machine gun came to life again. Then Matrosov stood up, rushed to the bunker and closed the embrasure with his body. At the cost of his life, he contributed to the accomplishment of the unit’s combat mission.

He was buried in the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky district, and in 1948 the ashes of A.M. Matrosov was reburied in the city of Velikiye Luki, Pskov region, on the left bank of the Lovat River at the intersection of Rosa Luxemburg Street and the Alexander Matrosov embankment.

A few days later, the name of Alexander Matrosov became known throughout the country. Matrosov’s feat was used by a journalist who happened to be with the unit for a patriotic article. At the same time, the date of the Hero’s death was moved to February 23, coinciding the feat with the birthday of the Red Army. Despite the fact that Alexander Matrosov was not the first to commit such an act of self-sacrifice, it was his name that was used to glorify the heroism of Soviet soldiers. Subsequently, over three hundred people performed a similar heroic act. The feat of Alexander Matrosov became a symbol of courage and military valor, fearlessness and love for the Motherland.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 19, 1943, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism displayed, Red Army soldier Alexander Matveevich Matrosov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Awarded the Order of Lenin (posthumously).

Each generation has its own idols and heroes. Today, when movie and pop stars are placed on the podium, and scandalous representatives of bohemia are role models, it’s time to remember those who truly deserve eternal memory in our history. We will talk about Alexander Matrosov, with whose name they went into the meat grinder of the Great Patriotic War Soviet fighters, trying to repeat his heroic feat, sacrificing their lives in the name of the independence of the Fatherland. Over time, memory erases small details of events and makes the colors faded, making its own adjustments and explanations for what happened. Only many years later it became possible to reveal some mysterious and untold moments in the biography of this young man, who left such significant trace in the glorious annals of our Motherland.

Anticipating the angry reactions of those who are inclined to leave the facts in the form in which they were presented by the Soviet media, it is necessary to immediately make a reservation that the research carried out by historians and memoirists in no way detracts from the merits of a man whose name has been borne on the streets of many for more than half a century cities. No one set out to denigrate him, but the Truth requires the establishment of justice and the disclosure of true facts and names that were at one time distorted or simply left unattended.

According to the official version, Alexander was from Dnepropetrovsk, having gone through the Ivanovo and Melekessky orphanages in the Ulyanovsk region and the Ufa labor colony for children. On February 23, 1943, his battalion received the task of destroying a Nazi stronghold near the village of Chernushki, in the Pskov region. However, the approaches to the settlement were covered by three machine-gun crews hidden in bunkers. Special assault groups were sent to suppress them. Two machine guns were destroyed by the joint forces of submachine gunners and armor-piercers, but attempts to silence the third were unsuccessful. In the end, privates Pyotr Ogurtsov and Alexander Matrosov crawled towards him. Soon Ogurtsov was seriously wounded, and Sailors approached the embrasure alone. He threw a couple of grenades and the machine gun fell silent. But as soon as the Red Guards rose to attack, shooting rang out again. Saving his comrades, Sailors found himself at the bunker with one swift throw and covered the embrasure with his body. The moments gained were enough for the fighters to get closer and destroy the enemy. The feat of the Soviet soldier was described in newspapers, magazines and films, his name became a phraseological unit in the Russian language.

After lengthy searches and research by people studying the biography of Alexander Matrosov, it became obvious that only the date of birth of the future hero of the USSR, as well as the place of his death, deserves trust. All other information was quite contradictory, and therefore deserved a closer look.

The first questions arose when, in response to an official request for the place of birth indicated by the hero himself in the city of Dnepropetrovsk, a clear answer came that the birth of a child with that name and surname in 1924 was not registered by any registry office. Further searches in Soviet times by the main researcher of Matrosov's life, Rauf Khaevich Nasyrov, led to public censure of the writer and accusations of revisionism. heroic pages wartime. Only much later was he able to continue the investigation, which resulted in a number of interesting discoveries.
Following barely noticeable “breadcrumbs”, the bibliographer initially, based on eyewitness accounts, suggested and then practically proved that the hero’s real name is Shakiryan, and his true place of birth is the small village of Kunakbaevo, which is located in the Uchalinsky district of Bashkiria. A study of documents in the Uchalinsky City Council made it possible to find a record of the birth of a certain Mukhamedyanov Shakiryan Yunusovich on the very day indicated by the official biographical version of the life of Alexander Matrosov, February 5, 1924. Such a discrepancy in the data on the place of birth of the famous hero suggested the idea of ​​checking the authenticity of the remaining biographical data.

None of Shahiryan’s close relatives were alive at that time. However, during further searches, childhood photographs of the boy were found, which were miraculously preserved by former fellow villagers. A detailed examination of these photographs and comparison of them with later photographs of Alexander Matrosov allowed scientists from the Forensic Research Institute in Moscow to give a final conclusion about the identity of the people depicted in them.

Few people know that there is another Alexander Matrosov, the namesake of the main person in the article, who also became a Hero of the Soviet Union. Born on June 22, 1918 in the city of Ivanovo, during the Great Patriotic War he rose to the rank of senior sergeant, platoon commander of a reconnaissance company. In the summer of 1944, Sailors, together with other intelligence officers, captured a bridge on the Belarusian Svisloch River, which was a tributary of the Berezina. For more than a day, a small group held it, repelling the attacks of the fascists, until the main forces of our troops arrived. Alexander survived that memorable battle, successfully ended the war and died in his native Ivanovo on February 5, 1992 at the age of seventy-three.

During conversations with Alexander Matrosov’s fellow soldiers, as well as residents of the village where he was born, and former pupils of orphanages, a picture of this life gradually began to emerge. famous person. Shakiryan Mukhamedyanov’s father returned from the Civil War as an invalid and could not find a permanent job. Due to this, his family experienced great financial difficulties. When the boy was only seven years old, his mother died. It became even more difficult to survive, and often the father and his little son begged for alms, wandering through the neighbors' yards. Very soon a stepmother appeared in the house, with whom young Shahiryan was never able to get along, having run away from home.

His short wanderings ended with the boy ending up in a reception center for children under the NKVD, and from there he was sent to modern Dimitrovgrad, which was then called Melekess. It was in this orphanage that he first appears as Alexander Matrosov. But in official documents he was recorded under this name when he entered the colony located in the village of Ivanovka on February 7, 1938. There, the boy named a fictitious place of birth and a city in which he, in his own words, had never been. Based on the documents issued to him, all sources subsequently indicated exactly this information about the place and date of birth of the boy.

Why was Shakiryan recorded under this name? His fellow villagers recalled that at the age of fifteen, in the summer of 1939, he came to his small homeland. The teenager was wearing a visor and a striped vest under his shirt. Even then he called himself Alexander Matrosov. Apparently, he did not want to indicate his real name in the colony because he knew about the general unkind attitude towards the national people. And given his liking for maritime symbols, it was not difficult to come up with a name he liked, as many street children did at that time. However, at the shelter they still remembered that Sashka was called not only Shurik the sailor, but also Shurik-Shakiryan, as well as “Bashkir” - because of the teenager’s dark skin, which again confirms the identity of the two personalities in question.

Both fellow villagers and orphanage students spoke of Sashka as a lively and cheerful guy who loved to strum the guitar and balalaika, knew how to tap dance, and was the best at playing “knucklebones.” They even remembered the words of his own mother, who said at one time that because of his dexterity and excessive activity, he would become either a capable young man or a criminal.

The generally accepted version of the hero’s biography says that Matrosov worked for some time as a carpenter at a furniture factory in Ufa, but how he ended up in the labor colony to which this enterprise was attached is not said anywhere. But this section of his biography contains colorful references to what a wonderful example Alexander was for his peers at the time he became one of the best boxers and skiers in the city, and what wonderful poetry he wrote. To create a greater effect in the fictional story, a lot is said about Matrosov’s active work as a political informant, as well as about the fact that the hero’s father, being a communist, died from a bullet from a fist.

An interesting fact related to the fighter who accomplished the feat is the presence of at least two almost identical Komsomol tickets in the name of Alexander Matrosov. Tickets are kept in different museums: one in Moscow, the other in Velikiye Luki. Which of the documents is genuine remains unclear.

In fact, in 1939, Matrosov was sent to work at the Kuibyshev Car Repair Plant. However, he soon fled from there due to unbearable working conditions. Later, Sasha and his friend were arrested for non-compliance with the regime. The next documentary evidence about the guy’s life appears almost a year later. For violating the terms of the subscription that he would leave Saratov within 24 hours, according to archival data, on October 8, 1940, Alexander Matrosov was sentenced by the Frunzensky District People's Court to two years in prison under Article 192 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. An interesting fact is that on May 5, 1967 Supreme Court The USSR returned to the cassation hearing of Matrosov’s case and overturned the verdict, apparently so as not to tarnish the name of the hero with unpleasant details of his life.

Actually, after the court’s decision, the young man ended up in a labor colony in Ufa, where he served his entire sentence. At the very beginning of the war, seventeen-year-old Alexander, like thousands of his peers, sent a letter to the People's Commissar of Defense with a request to be sent to the front, expressing his passionate desire to defend the Motherland. But he got to the front line only at the end of February 1943, together with other cadets of the Krasnokholmsky school, where Sailors was enrolled in October 1942 after the colony. Due to the difficult situation on all fronts, the graduating cadets, who had not been fired upon, were sent in full force as reinforcements to the Kalinin Front.

Here follows a new discrepancy between real facts and the officially accepted biography of this person. In accordance with the documents, Alexander Matrosov was enlisted in the rifle battalion, part of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade, named after Joseph Stalin, on February 25. But the Soviet press indicates that Alexander Matrosov accomplished his feat on February 23. Having read about this later in the newspapers, Matrosov’s fellow soldiers were extremely surprised by this information, because in fact, the memorable battle in the Pskov region, not far from the village of Chernushki, which the battalion, in accordance with the order of the command, was supposed to recapture from the Germans, took place on February 27, 1943 .

Why was such an important date changed not only in newspapers, but also in many historical documents describing the great feat? Anyone who grew up in Soviet times is well aware of how the government and many other official bodies liked to mark various, even the most insignificant events, with memorable anniversaries and dates. This is what happened in this case. The approaching anniversary, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Red Army, required “real confirmation” to inspire and raise the morale of Soviet soldiers. Obviously, it was decided to coincide the feat of fighter Alexander Matrosov with a memorable date.

The details of exactly how events unfolded on that terrible February day when a courageous nineteen-year-old boy died are described in detail in many articles and textbooks. Without dwelling on this, it is only worth noting that the feat of Alexander Matrosov in the official interpretation clearly contradicts the laws of physics. Even one bullet fired from a rifle, hitting a person, will definitely knock him down. What can we say about a machine gun burst at point blank range? Moreover, the human body cannot serve as any serious barrier to machine gun bullets. Even the first notes of front-line newspapers said that Alexander’s corpse was found not in the embrasure, but in front of him in the snow. It is unlikely that Matrosov threw himself at her with his chest; this would have been the most absurd way to defeat an enemy bunker. Trying to reconstruct the events of that day, the researchers settled on the following version. Since there were eyewitnesses who saw Matrosov on the roof of the bunker, most likely he tried to shoot or throw grenades at the machine gun crew through the ventilation window. He was shot, and his body fell onto the vent, blocking the possibility of venting the powder gases. While dumping the corpse, the Germans hesitated and ceased fire, and Matrosov’s comrades were able to overcome the area under fire. Thus, the feat really took place; at the cost of the life of the Sailors, he ensured the success of the assault on his detachment.

There is also a misconception that Alexander's feat was the first of its kind. However, it is not. Many documented facts have been preserved of how, already in the first years of the war, Soviet soldiers rushed to enemy firing points. The very first of them were Alexander Pankratov, a political commissar of a tank company, who sacrificed himself on August 24, 1941 during the attack on the Kirillov Monastery near Novgorod, and Yakov Paderin, who died on December 27, 1941 near the village of Ryabinikha in the Tver region. And in “The Ballad of Three Communists” by Nikolai Semenovich Tikhonov (the author of the famous phrase: “I should make nails out of these people ...”), the battle near Novgorod on January 29, 1942 is described, in which three soldiers rushed to the enemy pillboxes at once - Gerasimenko, Cheremnov and Krasilov.

It also requires mentioning the fact that even before the end of March 1943, at least thirteen people - soldiers of the Red Army, inspired by the example of Alexander Matrosov, carried out a similar act. In total, more than four hundred people performed a similar feat during the war years. Many of them were posthumously awarded and received the title of Hero of the USSR, but their names are familiar only to meticulous historians, as well as fans of historical wartime articles. Most of the brave heroes remained unknown, and subsequently dropped out of official chronicles altogether. Among them were the dead soldiers of the assault groups, who fought that very day next to Matrosov and managed not only to suppress the enemy’s bunkers, but also, deploying fascist machine guns, to return fire on the enemy. In this context, it is very important to understand that the image of Alexander, in whose honor monuments were built and streets were named in cities throughout Russia, precisely personifies all the nameless soldiers, our ancestors, who gave their lives for the sake of victory.

Initially, the hero was buried where he fell, in the village of Chernushki, but in 1948 his remains were reburied in the cemetery of the city of Velikiye Luki, located on the banks of the Lovat River. The name of Alexander Matrosov was immortalized by Stalin’s order of September 8, 1943. In accordance with this document, it was for the first time forever included in the list of the first company of the 254th Guards Regiment, where Sasha served. Unfortunately, the leadership of the Red Army, creating an epic image of a fighter who despised death in the name of saving his comrades, pursued another rather unpleasant goal. Neglecting artillery preparation, the authorities encouraged the Red Army soldiers to launch deadly frontal attacks on enemy machine guns, justifying the senseless loss of life as an example of a brave soldier.

Even when finding out the real story of the hero, whom many generations of residents of our country know as Alexander Matrosov, after clarifying his personality, place of birth, individual pages of his biography and the essence of the heroic act, his feat is still undeniable and remains a rare example of unprecedented courage and valor! The feat of a very young youth who spent only three days at the front. We sing a song to the madness of the brave...

Information sources:
-http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=597
-http://izvestia.ru/news/286596
-http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
-http://www.pulter.ru/docs/Alexander_Matrosov/Alexander_Matrosov

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