Cold steel of naval officers. Cold steel weapons of filibusters (13 photos)
In the Russian army and navy, the dagger appeared under Peter I. In addition to naval officers, in the 18th century it was also worn by some ranks of the ground forces. In 1730, the dagger replaced the sword among non-combatants army officials. In 1803, the wearing of daggers as personal weapons for officers and midshipmen was regulated navy, cases have been identified when a dagger could replace a sword or a naval officer's saber.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the blade of a Russian naval dirk had a square cross-section and an ivory handle with a metal cross. The end of the 30-centimeter blade of the dirk was double-edged. The length was 39 cm. On a wooden scabbard covered with black leather, in the upper part of the device there were two gilded bronze holders with rings for attaching to a sword belt, and in the lower part there was a tip for the strength of the scabbard. The sword belt, made of black multi-layered silk, was decorated with bronze gilded lion heads. Instead of a badge there was a clasp in the form of a snake, curved like the Latin letter S.
Symbols in the form of lion heads were borrowed from the coat of arms of the Russian tsars of the Romanov dynasty. In the middle of the 19th century, double-edged blades with a diamond-shaped cross-section became widespread, and at the end - tetrahedral needle-type blades. The sizes of dagger blades, especially in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, varied greatly. The decorations of the blades could be different, often they were images related to marine themes.
Over time, the length of the blade of the dirk decreased somewhat. The Russian naval dagger of the 1913 model had a blade 240 mm long and a metal handle. Somewhat later, the handle was changed, and the metal on it remained only in the form of the lower ring and tip. A Russian naval officer was required to wear a dagger whenever he appeared on the shore. The exception was the ceremonial officer uniform: in this case, the dagger was replaced by a naval saber and broadsword. While serving in the coastal establishments of the fleet, a naval officer also had to wear a dirk. On a ship, wearing a dagger was mandatory only for the watch commander.
In 1914, daggers became part of a certain form of clothing in aviation, aeronautical units, mine companies, and automobile units. Army aviation dirks differed from naval ones with black handles. In August 1916, dirks replaced sabers among chief officers and military officials, except for cavalry and artillery. In November 1916, army doctors received daggers. In March 1917, the wearing of daggers was extended to all generals, officers and military officials of all military units, except when in formation on horseback. Since May 1917, officers who graduated from military educational institutions began to receive daggers instead of checkers.
When manufacturing ship guns on ship models, their correct equipment plays an important role. A skillfully made gun, simply glued to the deck, will look unfinished; even a layman’s eye will notice that such a gun will roll freely on the deck when rocking, and in a storm it will generally turn into a deadly projectile, threatening not only the crew, but also the ship. This is only the most obvious side; in general, guns often had quite a significant weight, so all kinds of hoists were simply necessary for rolling the gun, loading it, and pointing it at the target. Let's try to understand the structure of various additional parts of tools, hoists and cables used at different times in different countries.
The gun was aimed at the target using the simplest sighting devices - a wedge or screw that raised or lowered the breech of the gun. Horizontal aiming was carried out by turning the gun using levers. The shooting distance did not exceed 400-1000 m by the middle of the 19th century.
Fig. 1 Design of a ship's cannon
1 - vingrad; 2 - ignition hole; 3 - ignition shelf; 4 - belt near the treasury; 5 - trunnions; 6 - muzzle wreath; legvant; 7 - muzzle rim; 8 - barrel; 9 - rim of the barrel belt; 11 - turning of the first “reinforcement”; 12 - wheel axle; 13 - wheels; 14 - iron dowels or cotter pins; 15 - monitor frame; 16 - side walls-cheeks; 17 - carriage cushion; 18 - cape for the trunnion; 19 - bolts square section; 20 - butts for attaching cannon hoists; 21 - through hole in the carriage for the passage of trousers; 22 - eyelets for wiring the trouser; 23 - lifting wedge cushion; 24 - lifting wedge
The gun, ready to fire, was fixed with wedges. The gunpowder was ignited with a wick through the ignition hole. When firing a bomb, the bomb fuse was first lit. After the shot, the gun barrel was cleaned with a bannik - a brush made of lamb skin. The entire process of preparing the gun for firing, along with aiming at the target, took 8-15 minutes. The gun's servants depended on its caliber and could reach 3-4 people. for small guns or 15-18 people. at big guns. The low rate of fire and accuracy of fire (the ship was constantly rocking on the waves) forced to install as many guns as possible on the ship and fire in volleys at one target. In general, it was very difficult to sink a wooden ship or frigate using such means. Therefore, artillery battle tactics boiled down to destroying masts and sails on an enemy ship. Then, if the enemy did not surrender, his ship was set on fire with firecrackers and bombs. To prevent the crew from putting out the fire, they fired grapeshot on the upper deck. Sooner or later the fire reached the gunpowder reserves. If it was necessary to capture an enemy ship, then a boarding party was landed on it, which destroyed the crew of the enemy ship in hand-to-hand combat.
The following parts were distinguished in the cannon: the inner part of the gun tube - a channel; the front part is the barrel; “reinforcements” - cylinders placed on a pipe; cylindrical tides on which the gun rotated in a vertical plane - axles; the part of the pipe from the trunnions to the barrel is the barrel; the rear part of the gun is the treasury or breech; the tide to the treasury is vingrad; a hole in the pipe next to the treasury into which gunpowder was poured to ignite the charge - a pilot hole, etc. These and other parts of the gun are shown in Fig. 1, where you can see the relationships between the individual parts.
Carriages, or “carts,” were made of oak. They consisted of two side walls - cheeks, which decreased stepwise in height towards the rear of the gun. A horizontal board - a frame - was attached between the cheeks, and the wheel axles were attached to it. The wheels were also made of oak and shod with iron. In accordance with the transverse loss of the deck, the diameter of the front wheels was slightly larger than the rear ones, so the gun lay horizontally on the carriage. In the front part of the frame between the cheeks there was a vertical beam - the “carriage cushion”. Its upper part had a semicircular cutout to facilitate lifting the barrel. Two semicircular sockets were cut into the cheeks for installing the trunnions of the gun. On top of the trunnions were held iron capes of a semicircular shape. The individual parts of the carriage were fastened together with iron bolts and cotter pins. Additionally, eyelets were installed on the carriages for attaching hoists.
Ancient guns on ships were moved during battle for loading and aiming, and the rest of the time, due to the motion, they had to be thoroughly secured using special equipment.
Rice. 2. Cannon and retractable hoists, trousers.
1 - trousers (French version); 2 - trousers (English version); 3 - cannon hoists; 4 - sliding hoists.
The trouser was a powerful cable that passed through the side walls of the carriage, the ends of which were attached to the eyelets on the sides of the cannon ports. Served to hold the gun during rollback. On English ships, the trouser did not pass through the carriage, but through the eyelets on the side walls of the carriage.
Cannon hoists - consisted of two blocks with hooks, which were fastened in eyelets on the cheeks of the carriage and on the sides of the cannon ports. With their help, the gun was rolled up to the port and rolled away from it. To do this, two hoists were wound on both sides of the gun (Fig. 2).
Retractable hoists are one or two hoists, based in the same way as cannon hoists, and used to pull the gun inside the ship. Typically, the guns were secured to the ship using cables, and during the battle they were pulled out from the gun ports. Sometimes this was done while at anchor, in order to give the ship a ceremonial appearance.
To secure the gun, it was pulled into the ship and the breech was lowered so that the muzzle touched the upper jamb of the port. The trouser was wound under the front axle of the carriage, and the barrel was secured with a cable that covered it and was secured to the eye in the middle of the upper jamb.
Rice. 3. A tool secured with cables.
1 - carriage; 2 - trunk; 3 - muzzle mount; 4 - breech sling; 5 - trousers; 6 - cannon hoists; 7 - sliding hoists; 8 - cable tightening the trousers and cannon hoists; 9 - battery fastening cable; 10 - wedges.
The Vingrad guns were also covered with a sling, into the fire of which the retractable hoists were driven. The second hook of the hoist was fastened in the eye on the jamb. Then the cannon hoists were stuffed and, having tightened them, they grabbed the trousers using the thin end. For safety, wedges were placed under the wheels of the carriage; in addition, all the guns of one battery were fastened to each other with a cable that passed over the lower “step” of the carriage through the eyes on the deck and the hooks on the sides of the gun ports (Fig. 3).
One of the main differences in the English and French gun mounting schemes is the trouser wiring. Guns of various sizes could have different quantity hoist. For example, on lighter guns, instead of a pair of retractable hoists, they often used one attached to an eyelet standing in the center of the carriage (Fig. 7). On Russian ships a scheme similar to the English one was used. This is how it is described in Glotov’s book “Explanations on the ship’s armament”:
The guns on the machines are placed on the decks in the ports, attached to the sides with hoists and trousers (thick resin ropes; made from stay cables, thickness from 8 to 5 ½ inches, depending on the caliber of the gun, and 2 ½ lengths of the gun; hoists from ordinary cables with a thickness of 1/3 of the trousers. The trousers are attached to the eyelets fixed in the sides, and, passing through the eyelets in the cannon machine, they hold the cannon during recoil and help in strengthening it to the side), crowbars and gun guns lie under the machines, banniks, and pins , fawns over the cannons. Some of the cannonballs and buckshot are placed in the so-called fenders made on the sides of the cannons (Fenders are rings made of ropes, they are used to ensure that the cannonballs placed in them do not roll out anywhere), or among the deck in nailed slats, or around the hatches; Some of the kernels are placed in boxes made in the hold around the bilge near the mainmast, where they supplement the weight with which the middle of the ship, more than its other parts, should be burdened. The caliber of the guns from the lower deck to the top gradually decreases and is generally commensurate with the size and strength of the vessel. On a 74-gun ship, 36-pounders are usually placed on the lower deck, 18 on the upper deck, and 8-pounders on the quarterdeck and forecastle. The weight of all these guns without mountings and shells is almost 1/2 of the total ship's load. In peacetime, 65 cannonballs of 10 Drufhagels with buckshot and gunpowder for 56 combat shots are sent to the ship for each cannon, adding a few for musket shooting; but during the war this number increases by one and a half or two times. Artillery supplies, such as fuses, jackets, spare wheels, axles, crowbars, gun guns, banniks, breakers, etc., are placed in one of the cabins near the exit of the bow camera and in the gallery surrounding it, and near the passage to the lantern.
In Fig. Figure 3 shows one of the most complex schemes for attaching (mooring) guns in the stowed position. There are simpler, but less reliable techniques that have also been frequently used. Simple single mooring fig. 4 is quite sufficient in calm weather at sea, and is the easiest to perform. The running ends of the rolling hoists make one revolution per grape of the tool and fix them. For a more detailed description of this and subsequent schemes, please visit http://perso.wanadoo.fr/gerard.delacroix, for your attention the originals are in French.
Rice. 4. Simple single mooring.
The next most reliable, as well as most complex, was double mooring, Fig. 5. The end of the rolling hoists was used to make several turns around the grapes and the hook of the rolling hoists on the side, with the same end they pulled the resulting loops around the grapes and secured them.
Rice. 5. Double mooring.
Mooring the gun along the side (Fig. 6) was used in cases where the ship was used as a transport ship, or on small ships with a low deck, which was flooded by waves during strong winds. The gun was placed along the side opposite the port and secured through eyelets on the sides and wheel axles.
Rice. 6. Mooring along the side.
Naval artillery developed simultaneously with land artillery. The guns were smooth-bore, they were cast from cast iron and copper. The cannons fired solid cast iron balls using black smoky powder. The guns were loaded from the muzzle, and the shot was fired by igniting the gunpowder in the priming hole. Shooting was carried out only at direct fire. The caliber of guns in Peter's times ranged from two to 30 pounds (Fig. 7)
Rice. 7. A typical artillery weapon from Peter’s time:
1 - carriage; 2 - gun barrel trunnions; 3 - eye for sliding hoists; 4 - coupling bolts
Rice. 8. Unicorn gun barrel
The unicorn's barrel was longer than that of an infantry howitzer, but shorter than that of a naval cannon. It was possible to conduct mounted and ground fire from it, using all types of projectiles: cannonballs, explosive grenades (bombs), incendiary shells and buckshot The unicorn's grapeshot effect was many times stronger than the grapeshot effect of a mortar, and the firing range of a cannonball and a bomb was twice as far as that of a mortar of the same weight. The siege artillery had at its disposal 24- and 18-pound cannons, as well as 1-pound unicorns. Unicorns proved themselves so well that they were soon adopted by the armies of many Western countries. They held out until the introduction of rifled artillery (mid-19th century).
Since 1787, a new type of cannon was introduced into the navy: 24- and 31-pound carronades (Fig. 9), and at the beginning of the 19th century. - 68- and 96-pound. These were small-length, large-caliber cannons, firing from which at close ranges produced large holes and destruction of the hull of the enemy ship. They were intended for close-range shooting, and were installed mainly on the upper deck - the quarterdeck and forecastle. The carriage of the carronades had a slightly different structure - the bow part of the carriage was bolted to the cushion, and the stern part had scaffolding located across the carriage, which made it possible to carry out horizontal aiming. For vertical aiming, a vertical screw was fitted on the carriage, with the help of which the rear part of the barrel was raised and lowered. In those same years, cast iron began to be replaced by bronze as a material for casting guns.
Rice. 9. Carronade
The latest achievement of Russian smooth-bore artillery was the 68-pound (214 mm) bomb guns, which played an important role in the Battle of Sinop in 1853. Tests of the new gun were carried out in Nikolaev in 1839, and from 1841, at the insistence of Kornilov, they began to arm ships of the Black Sea Fleet. The first ship armed with 68-pound bomb guns was the 120-gun three-deck battleship "Twelve Apostles", launched in 1841, and then the battleships of the same type "Paris", "Grand Duke Constantine" and "Empress" Maria".
Bomb guns (Fig. 10) differed from the so-called long guns in that their shells, having the same mass and the same projectile range, produced more significant destruction due to the fact that they were hollow and filled with an explosive charge. The firepower of a battleship armed with such guns tripled. Well-aimed bomb shells caused terrible destruction on enemy ships, they pierced the sides, knocked down masts and overturned enemy guns. Having pierced the side of the ship, they tore apart inside it, crushing everything around and causing fires. 15-20 minutes after the start of the Russian cannonade in the Battle of Sinop, most of the Turkish ships were already on fire.
Rice. 10. Bomb gun
Ordinary Turkish cannons of that time fired solid cannonballs that did not cause much harm to the enemy. For example, in 1827, in the victorious naval battle of Navarino, the Russian flagship Azov received 153 holes, including 7 underwater ones. This did not stop its commander, Captain 1st Rank M.P. Lazarev, from sinking the Turkish flagship, 3 frigates, a corvette and forcing an enemy 80-gun ship to wash ashore. And "Azov" was soon repaired and continued its glorious service in the ranks of its native fleet. Bomb guns very soon replaced cannons that fired solid cast-iron cannonballs.
By the middle of the 19th century. smoothbore artillery has reached its highest perfection. The external appearance of the guns varies depending on which factory and at what time they were cast. Guns of an earlier period had decorations in the form of friezes and belts decorated with intricate casting. Cannons of later manufacture did not have these decorations. Caliber of guns by the middle of the 19th century. reached 32-36 pounds, and bomb 68-96 pounds.
The approximate caliber sizes of some guns in the metric system are as follows: 3-pounder-61-mm, 6-pounder-95-mm, 8-pounder-104-mm, 12-pounder-110-mm, 16-pounder-118-mm , 18-pounder-136-mm, 24-pounder-150-mm, 30-pounder-164-mm, 36-pounder-172-mm, 68-pounder-214-mm.. Carronades were made 12-, 18-, 24-, 32-, 36-, 68- and 96-pounders.
Gun ports are almost square holes cut into the sides of the ship (Fig. 11). Ports were made in the bow and stern of the ship. In the bow there are so-called ports for running guns, in the stern - for guns used in defense against the pursuing enemy. They usually housed guns removed from the nearest side ports and placed on the same deck.
Rice. 11. Cannon ports of a two-deck battleship from the late 18th century;
1-gondeck ports; 2 - front-end ports; 3 - shank half-ports: 4 - main-channel 5 - lower deadeyes; 6 - shrouds; 7 - velkhouts; 8 - side ladder
The covers of the gun ports, which tightly closed them, were made of thick boards covered with transverse, thinner boards (Fig. 12).
Rice. 12. Gun port covers;
1-port cover; 2-decoration of port covers with inlay; 3 - method of opening and closing port covers.
The lids were hung on hinges from above. They were opened from the inside using cables, the ends of which were embedded in eyelets on the top side of the lid, and closed using another cable attached to the eyelet on the inside of the lid. On the upper deck in the bulwarks, the gun ports were made without covers and called half-ports. In Peter's times, the outer side of port covers was often decorated with inlay in the form of a gilded wreath carved from wood.
The size of the ports and the distance between them depended on the diameter of the core. Thus, the width and height of the ports were 6.5 and 6 core diameters, respectively, and the distance between the axes of the ports was approximately 20-25 core diameters. The distances between the ports were dictated by the lower (largest caliber) guns, and the remaining ports were cut in a checkerboard pattern.
The distance between all the lower ports, plus the distance from the outer ports to the bow and stern, determined the length of the battery deck, and the latter determined the length of the ship and, accordingly, all its other dimensions. Hence the term “ship length along the nacelle” is sometimes found in the literature.
Now from history and theory, for clarity, let's move on to examples and photographs of various guns, and since we can distinguish two main installation schemes for gun hoists - English and French, first England:
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The last picture is a good example, the installation is on the model. Based on the scale of the model, some elements can be omitted; just like with rigging, excessive overloading of the model will only be a disadvantage. But in any case, leaving a gun without equipment, I think, is unsightly. At a minimum, it is worth making the trousers, regardless of the scale of the model, at least according to a simpler pattern without eyelets in the French style.
Dmitry Luchin
The article uses excerpts from Kurti’s books “Building Model Ships”,
Glotov "Explanations on the ship's armament"
as well as website materials
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/gerard.delacroix
http://www.grinda.navy.ru
So, summing up the first, introductory part at the beginning of the second part of the historical excursion, let us recall that by the 18th century in Russia knives were divided into a number of types according to purpose, the main ones: kitchen, hunting, table (food knives), various craft and special knives, as well as combat knives. The Russian combat knives themselves were of four types: underside, belt, boot and field. But we didn’t say a word about long-blade products, so in the framework of this article we’ll talk about them.
Halberd and berdysh
Speaking about the cold long-bladed weapons of Russia in the 17th–19th centuries, we should first of all remember halberds and reeds. A halberd is a “cross between” a spear and an axe, a piercing-cutting weapon. Halberds came to Russia from Europe at the beginning of the 17th century. Until the very end of the 17th century, such weapons were used by the royal guards. In the 18th century (under Peter I), sergeants (as a weapon - a distinctive sign) and artillerymen were armed with halberds. In the 19th century, the Russian army abandoned halberds, they began to arm the lower ranks of the police, and since 1856, halberds were completely abolished.
Berdysh (from the Polish berdysz) appeared in Russia in the 15th century and were used until the 18th century. True, over the last century they have been used only as weapons for police watchmen and ceremonial weapons for palace guards. The berdysh itself is an ax with a long curved blade on a shaft. Berdysh could have small shafts (from 1 meter) and long ones - 2–2.5 meters long.
An interesting moment: in the popular film comedy by Leonid Gaidai “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession,” one of the palace guards threw a halberd, which, piercing the time machine, closed the time transition. There is a double film blunder at this moment. Firstly, Shurik calls this weapon a reed, and this is a completely classic halberd. Secondly, in Russia in the 16th century there were no halberds (they appeared later, during the period of False Dmitry the First). The berdysh themselves are also used in Gaidai’s comedy; the royal archers were armed with them.
Saber
The most venerable long-liver in the history of Russian blades is the saber. Sabers first appeared in Rus' in the 9th century and by the 14th century they had become the most popular and widespread army edged weapon, completely replacing swords. Let us note that in the south of Rus' sabers appeared earlier and took root faster than in the north, closer to Novgorod. From the 15th to the 17th centuries, sabers served as the main weapon of archers, Cossacks, and cavalry warriors. In the 18th century, the saber became personal light weapon cavalry and officers in almost all branches of the military. At the end of 1881, the saber was replaced by a saber in the Russian army. It was preserved only in the Guard as a ceremonial weapon, and also as a weapon carried outside the formation by officers of some branches of the military.
Infantry and cavalry sabers
The word "saber" comes from the Hungarian szabni - "to cut". A saber consists of a blade and a hilt. The blade is curved, with a smooth cutting edge on the convex side. The handle could be wood, bone, tin, leather, and so on. The saber first appeared in the countries of the East (VI–VII centuries). Eastern sabers had a hilt with a crosshair, European sabers had guards of various shapes. The sabers were equipped with a scabbard: wooden (covered in leather, velvet, morocco) or metal. The latter appeared only in the 19th–20th centuries. The metal scabbard was blued, chrome-plated or plated with silver or gold (expensive ceremonial sabers).
Eastern saber
Eastern sabers have a greater curvature of the blade, weight up to 1 kg and a blade length of up to 75–85 cm. European (including Russian) sabers have less curvature, blades up to 90 cm in length and a weight of up to 1.1 kg without a sheath. European-type sabers are equipped with large, if not bulky, cup-shaped hilts or in the form of several bows (from one to three).
Russian sabers were widely used in cavalry and infantry. Cavalry sabers were longer and heavier than infantry ones. The sabers of the hussars and light cavalry had an average blade curvature. The blades of the sabers of the hussar regiments had a statutory form, but were still often decorated in any order, had individual details and characteristics, since they were ordered by the hussars at their own expense (at that time, receiving government weapons among the hussars was considered bad manners).
Officer's saber
Until 1874, Russian sailors used a special naval subtype of a shortened saber - a half-saber with a blade up to 60 cm. Later, the half-saber was replaced by naval sabers (they reached 82 cm in length) and daggers. In various armies around the world, sabers were in service until the end of World War II. Later, they began to be used almost everywhere exclusively as ceremonial weapons.
Half saber
When talking about sabers, one cannot ignore such a phenomenon as “saber etiquette” - saluting with weapons. It is generally accepted that the saber salute originated in the East. The junior in rank salutes the senior with a saber, simultaneously covering his eyes with his hand raised to his face (acting out a kind of “blinding” by the sun-faced superiors). There is a version that raising the saber blade to the face comes from the ritual of the knights of the times crusades. On the hilts of swords and sabers, a crucifix or cross was often depicted, which Christian warriors kissed before battle. Currently, the ritual of saber salutation is divided into two stages: raising the saber with the hilt to the face (“lift up”) - modern interpretation the ritual of kissing the cross, lowering the saber blade with the tip downwards is a sign of recognition of submission to a superior.
Checker
Checkers (from the Kabardian-Circassian “sashkho” - “big knife”), as stated above, came to replace sabers in Russia. Externally, the checker is very similar to the saber, but it also has a number of differences. The blade of the checker is only slightly curved; it can both stab and chop. The blade of the checker has a one-sided sharpening, the tip is double-edged. The hilt of the checker does not have a guard (with rare exceptions).
Cossack officer's saber
The checkers were equipped with wooden sheaths covered with leather, which were suspended from the belt belts by rings (two or one) placed on the convex side of the sheath. The saber is worn in the Caucasian manner, with the cutting edge facing up. This is also a difference from the saber (the saber is always worn with the butt up and the suspension rings are placed on the concave side of the scabbard). A saber is usually worn on a shoulder belt, and a saber on a belt.
There are Caucasian and Central Asian checkers. Caucasian checkers have a very weak blade curvature. It was the Caucasian checkers that became the prototypes for the Cossack checkers of the Terek and Kuban Cossacks. The checkers of the peoples of the Caucasus have minor differences in the details and ornamentation of the decorations. The blades of mountain sabers are hidden in sheaths up to the head of the hilt, while for Cossack sabers the hilt is not sheathed at all.
Caucasian checker
Central Asian checkers are equipped with almost straight blades with a very slight curvature and a very sharp tip. The handles of such checkers have a noticeable thickening at the top. The scabbard is usually wooden, covered with leather, with a steel device. There are Tajik, Turkmen, Bukhara, Kokand and Khiva checkers. These types of Central Asian checkers differ in the material of the handle, decorations, finishing, and details of the sword belt.
Bukhara checkers
In the Russian army, checkers have been used since the 18th century by the Cossacks, and since the 19th century, checkers have been adopted by cavalry and horse artillery soldiers. A statutory decree in 1834 approved the uniform of the military checker. The basis was an Asian type saber with a solid black horn handle. In 1839, the exterior of the Cossack charter saber was approved. It had a handle with a brass frame on the back and head (handle). A brass fitting was connected to the lower ring. In 1881, the saber was adopted as a combined arms bladed weapon for cavalry units of all types, artillerymen, officers and officer corps of the army, gendarmes and police. For various genera troops, the statutory standards for checkers were adopted, but the differences were insignificant.
Dragoon soldier's saber
Dragoon checkers had one fuller, a bow-shaped guard, a wooden scabbard, and a brass device. The scabbards of dragoon sabers had additional clips for a bayonet. Officer sabers were 9–10 cm shorter than dragoon sabers. The blade of an officer saber had three fullers. The device was brass, gilded, with certain adaptations under the belts of the sword belt. Artillery checkers were of similar sizes and shapes, but with one fuller. Cossack sabers (since 1881) had a handle without a bow, a blade with one fuller and a scabbard similar to the sheath of officer sabers.
Dragoon saber 1881
The Russian army also used checkers of other types. In 1903, in parallel with checkers of the 1881 model, Asian checkers of the 1834 model began to be used again. In 1904, a Caucasian type saber was approved for Caucasian national units and units, with a handle of two linings secured to the shank with three rivets. The blade of this checker was sheathed along with the handle to the very top.
Artillery saber 1868
After the 1917 revolution, Cossack sabers of the 1881 model began to be used in the Red Army. Along with them, checkers of the Caucasian type were used in the Caucasus. The command staff of the Red Army used the dragoon saber. In 1927, a new saber was adopted for the cavalry, created according to the Cossack type and practically no different from it. In 1940, a special saber was adopted for ceremonial use by senior command personnel, which was replaced in 1949 by a dagger. Since the 50s of the twentieth century in the USSR, the saber began to be used exclusively as a ceremonial weapon.
Officer's saber 1940
Dirk
A dirk (a bladed weapon of the piercing type) first appeared in Russia during the time of Peter I. Dirks have a straight, not very long, most often double-edged narrow blade. The handle is bone with a pommel, the cross-shaped guard is small. In cross-section, daggers are triangular, tetrahedral and diamond-shaped. Dirks have been known since the 16th century; they were used as boarding weapons, and later as the personal weapons of naval officers. In Russia, starting from the 18th century, officers of some ground forces began to use daggers. In 1730, non-combatant ranks of the army began to wear a dagger instead of a sword. In 1777, non-commissioned officers of the Jaeger Regiment were armed with daggers instead of swords. These dirks could be installed on muzzle-loading fittings for bayonet fighting. Since 1803, rules for wearing dirks as personal weapons were determined for officers and midshipmen of the Russian Navy. These rules delimited the wearing of forestays, naval sabers and dirks. A little later, a special dirk was created, which was adopted by the couriers of the Maritime Ministry. In 1903, naval engine conductors were allowed to wear daggers, and since 1909 this right extended to all naval conductors.
19th century naval dirk handle
A Russian naval dagger from the 19th century had a square blade 30 cm long with a double-edged tip. The handle was made of ivory, the guard was made of steel. The scabbard was made of wood and covered with black leather. The holders with rings and the tip were made of bronze and gilded. Half a century later, double-edged dirks with diamond-shaped blades became widespread, and at the end of the 19th century, dirks with tetrahedral needle-type blades began to be used. The sizes of the blades of dirks used at different times varied significantly. We also note the presence of decorations - most often images of a marine theme.
For Russian naval officers, wearing a dagger outside their ship was mandatory, with the exception of appearing in full dress uniform, in which case they had to carry a naval saber or broadsword. Naval officers serving on shore were also required to wear a dagger. On a ship, only the officer on watch was required to wear a dagger.
Since 1914, dirks began to be used by aviators, military aeronautical troops, officers of automobile units and mine companies. Army aviator daggers had black handles. In 1916, daggers replaced the checkers of military officials, military doctors and chief officers. Since the spring of 1917, daggers began to be worn by higher officer ranks, officers and all military officials with the exception of horsemen (when in the ranks on horseback, one had to wear a saber). In the same year, 1917, daggers began to be awarded to officers who graduated from military institutions.
Naval dirk 1917
After the October Revolution of 1917, the wearing of dirks was abolished for all officers. Subsequently, wearing a dirk was returned to the command staff of military sailors (from 1924 to 1926, and from 1940 - finally approved).
At the end of World War II, the uniform of the dagger in the USSR army was changed. The new dagger has a flat blade with a diamond-shaped cross-section, 21.5 cm long. The total length of the new dagger is 320 mm. The handle is made of plastic (like bone) and equipped with a latch to prevent it from falling out of a wooden sheath covered with leather. The dagger received decorations with symbols of the USSR and nautical themes. The presentation of daggers to graduates of naval academies has been preserved.
Dirk 1940
Let us also note that in Russia civilians also used daggers. At the beginning of the 19th century, daggers were allowed to be worn by former naval officers serving in the merchant marine. And from the middle of the 19th century, the command staff of the courts also received this right. In the 19th century, daggers were also worn for some time by certain ranks of telegraph repair guards and postmen.
In 1904, an officer's dagger marine type(distinguished by a wooden black handle) were allowed to be worn by supervisory officials of shipping, fishing and fur farming. The dagger was worn on a belt belt. In 1911, the dagger was allowed to be worn by port officials and maritime inspectors.
During the First World War, daggers were also worn by members of the Sogor and Zemgor unions (organizations created in 1914-1915 to help supply the army, medical care military, assistance to refugees, etc.). But such use of dirks was sporadic and short-lived.
Soviet naval dirks
Naval officers' daggers are a Russian custom and tradition, polished over centuries. It was Russia that became a kind of trendsetter in the fashion of wearing daggers. At the end of the 19th century, the wearing of a dagger by naval officers was borrowed from the Russians by the Japanese, and at the beginning of the 20th century by the Germans. In just a few decades, the dirk was adopted as a personal weapon of a naval officer and part of the uniform in the navies of almost all countries of the world.
Sword
Broadsword (from Polish Palasz and German Pallasch - sword, dagger) is a piercing and chopping weapon, something between an epee and a sword. The broadsword is equipped with a long, straight, narrow blade (length up to 85 cm) with a double-edged, one-sided or one-and-a-half sharpening. The broadsword handle is massive, with a protective cup and arches. The broadsword appeared in Western Europe at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries as a weapon for heavy cavalry. The first broadswords were brought to Russia from Europe, and under Peter I their mass production and widespread use was established. Early broadswords had a slightly inclined handle for ease of slashing from a horse. In the first half of the 18th century, dragoons were armed with broadswords. In addition to Russian-made broadswords, products from Germany (masters from the city of Solingen) were also used to arm the dragoon regiments. In 1730, broadswords were adopted by Russian cuirassier regiments. Horse artillerymen were also armed with broadswords. Under Catherine the Second, a crown and the monogram “E II” were engraved on the broadswords of her loyal dragoons.
Dragoon broadswords, 1700–1732
In the 18th century, dragoon, cuirassier, carabinieri, army, guards, officer and soldier broadswords were adopted by the Russian army. They all had a long, heavy blade of approximately the same shape and similar dimensions. The differences were in the shape of the sheath and hilt. The handles were the most varied: they could have a protective cup of various sizes and shapes, various arches, even weaves, meshes and shields. The tops of the handles could be round, oval, flat, or in the form of the heads of animals or birds. The scabbard was covered with leather and bound with metal, or mounted in holders of various appearances. In the 19th century, hilts became much simpler, as did scabbards. Broadswords remained in the Russian army until the end of the 19th century, after which they were abolished, remaining only in some units as ceremonial weapons.
Broadsword, 1763
Cuirassier officers' broadswords, 1810
The naval broadsword should be considered separately. It looks similar to the cavalry, but also has some characteristic features. A naval broadsword may have a slightly curved blade (or straight), quite wide and without fullers. The length of the blade is less than that of a cavalry broadsword. The last third of the blade of a sea broadsword (at the tip) has side ribs located asymmetrically relative to the axis of the blade. They are a continuation of the butt and reach the tip. Naval broadswords for the needs of the Russian navy have been manufactured in large quantities in the city of Zlatoust since 1852. They were used until 1905 ( recent years naval broadswords were worn by sailors of the naval guards crews), after which they were replaced by cutlasses. Until 1917, broadswords were worn by midshipmen Marine Corps, Naval School and cadets of special midshipman classes. Since 1958, naval broadswords have been used only as ceremonial weapons.
Naval broadsword, 1855
Sword
A sword (from the Spanish spada) is a piercing (less commonly piercing-cutting) type of bladed weapon that is atypical for Russia. The sword is equipped with a narrow and long blade, which can be flat or faceted, double-edged or sharpened on one side, with or without fullers. The hilt of the sword is symmetrical, with good protection for the hand in the form of a bowl, crosses and bows of various shapes. In countries Western Europe the sword gained enormous popularity among nobles in the 16th century.
In Russia, swords appeared in the 17th century, first among spearmen and reiters, and by 1708 among all infantrymen. Later, by 1741, swords were replaced by sabers and half-sabers, and remained only with officers and guards musketeers. In the 17th–18th centuries, Russian swords had double-edged blades, and in the 19th century the blade received a sharpening on one side and a wide fuller. The sword hilts were made of copper (for officers - gilded). Swords were worn on a belt, in a sword sheath.
Officer's infantry sword, 1798
In the 19th century, swords acquired the significance of a ceremonial, non-combatant weapon. By the middle of the 19th century, the sword became the prerogative of the high command and was gradually mastered by civilian officials. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the sword was completely removed from the military and civilian departments.
Sword of a military official, 1870
Dagger
The dagger (from the Arabic “khanjar”) has been known since ancient times. A dagger is a bladed weapon with a piercing or piercing-cutting action with a double-edged blade. The blade of a dagger can be straight or curved. The length of the dagger blade can reach 40–50 cm, but more often it does not exceed 30–35 cm. The dagger is worn in a sheath. Daggers were not used in the Russian army for a long time, with the exception of military units that took part in the Caucasian campaign. It was in the Caucasus that daggers were extremely popular and widespread. In the Caucasus, daggers of the most various forms and sizes. Known to exist Caucasian daggers with blades up to 80 cm long.
Caucasian dagger of the 19th century
In the 19th century, mass production of daggers was established in the city of Zlatoust. The leadership of the Russian army appreciated the effectiveness of daggers in hand-to-hand combat, and in 1908, the Bebut dagger, equipped with a short curved blade, adapted for piercing, cutting and slashing, was adopted into service with machine gun crews, artillerymen and reconnaissance officers. Bebut was also actively used during the First World War in trench battles.
Bebout, 1815
If we turn to the first part of the article, we can easily draw a parallel between the dagger and the Russian combat belt knife. Therefore, it is worth noting that there were dagger-like weapons in Russia.
In the next part we will talk about rare blade products from Russia, follow the development of the bayonet, describe peaceful knives of the 17th–19th centuries and get closer to Russian knives of the First World War.
I found a relatively old article published in 2005 in the magazine " Russian Antiques" and dedicated to bladed weapons. The article is short and it is clear that in this volume it is difficult to cover the entire multifaceted history of the development of edged weapons in Russia and beyond its borders. But as an additional touch to the overall picture, the information presented may turn out to be interesting and useful, or simply allow you to refresh your memory of what you read earlier. The article has been supplemented with some of my comments and photographs.In the military and social life of Russia bladed weapon played an extremely important role. First of all, it served as a military weapon, that is, it was intended for use directly in combat operations. In addition, its various types had the functions of combat weapons, intended to be worn in the ranks or during service, but not used in combat - for example, naval officer daggers. Bladed melee weapon It was also used as a civilian weapon, carried by employees and officials of various civil departments and court officials. These purposes were served mainly by sword.
Swords, broadswords, sabers, checkers of various types were adopted in service in various parts of the Russian army, which throughout the 18th - 19th centuries. were constantly changing. Statutory edged weapons in large quantities were manufactured at the Petrovsky Arms Factory in the Olonets Province, the Sestroretsk Arms Factory, and the Izhevsk Arms Factory. Weapons of lower ranks, in order to better preserve them, were usually marked with military marks. The first samples of standard, or authorized, weapons were adopted by the Russian army in the first half of the 18th century. Its appearance, size, rules of wearing and staffing were regulated by departmental and national decrees, orders, charters and others. official documents. Award weapons (aka “golden weapons”) were regulated in the same way, which from the 18th century. Officers and generals were awarded for personal military merits. In addition, cold combat weapons were also produced in a decorated version - with relief decoration on the hilt and scabbard, engraving, bluing, inlays, etc. Some workshops specialized in the manufacture of ceremonial weapons Zlatoust arms factory in the 19th century, and in the 18th century. it was produced at Tula Arms Plant. There were also personalized, or donated bladed weapons, on the blade, hilt or sheath of which inscriptions were placed indicating the recipient, the donor and the reason for presenting the weapon.
Some types of bladed weapons were used during hunting, in particular, they used knives and daggers to finish off animals. Hunting weapons also included daggers and dirks, worn in formal and service uniforms by officials of court hunting and various forest protection departments.
Bladed bladed weapons were also used as sporting weapons. From the beginning of the 18th century. fencing with swords and rapiers was introduced as a compulsory subject in the military and civilian educational institutions. Thus, “rapier science” was introduced in the Moscow School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences in 1701, and in the St. Petersburg Maritime Academy in 1719. In the curriculum of the gymnasium at Moscow University, which opened in 1755, 4 hours a week were allocated for fencing.
One of the most famous fencing teachers were I. E. Siverbrick, at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. taught fencing in the Cadet, Page, and Mountain Cadet Corps. Siverbrick trained several generations of fencing teachers who worked in military and civilian educational institutions throughout Russia.
In the second half of the 19th century, due to the growing need for fencing training, officer fencing halls began to open in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw and other cities. Amateur sports fencing with foils, epeees and espadrons was popular among students, students and officers. Among the officers there were masters who were fluent in two or three types of bladed weapons.
| SAF "Renkontr" together with like-minded people is participating in the long process of returning to lifetradition of giving prize weapons to the winner of the tournament, which has now become an attributeholding the annual "Grand Asso" in St. Petersburg. The photo from 2009 shows a replica of the saber. Subsequently, the traditional French rapier with a figure-eight guard began to serve as the main prize, as a symbol of the revival of the traditions of classical fencing. In the photo: before the start of the asso, main prize demonstrated by one of the leaders of SAF "Renkontr" - Alexander Ulyanov; in the background, the chief judge of the association is Kirill Kandat. 2009 
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In 1897, a special sign was introduced for wearing bladed weapons on the sheath of officers who already had prizes for fighting with some kind of weapon and who again received a prize for fighting with another type of weapon. The badge was an Imperial monogram with a crown and laurels with the inscription “For a fight with two weapons” or “For a fight with three weapons.” The officer no longer received the prize itself—the weapon—he was given the value of the prize in cash. In the last quarter of the XIX V. In the Cossack troops, for victory in competitions for the possession of edged weapons or for masterful horse riding, prize Cossack checkers were awarded with the inscription for which the prize was awarded.
Special dueling edged weapons, corresponding to the principle of equivalence of weapons of opponents, began to appear in Europe and Russia in the first third of the 19th century: these were special dueling pairs of sabers (espadrons), swords and rapiers (the issue is controversial, but this is the subject of separate articles - my note) . However, in Russia, firearms were traditionally used for fights.
Children's edged weapons reproduced the weapons used by adults, in a smaller and decorated version. Such weapons were used for military sports exercises and developing the habit of carrying weapons among future soldiers. Russian craftsmen of the Tula and Zlatoust arms factories produced similar weapons on orders for the children of Russian nobles. Many members royal family From an early age they were chiefs of guards regiments and carried the appropriate weapons.
Production of edged weapons in Russia in the 18th-19th centuries. five major state enterprises: from 1705 to 1724 - Petrovsky plant in the Olonets province, from 1712 - Tula arms factory, from 1712 - Sestroretsk arms factory, from 1807 - Izhevsk arms factory, from 1817 - Zlatoust arms factory. Of these, the craftsmen of Chrysostom specialized purely in edged weapons, who, in addition to ordinary combat and combat weapons, supplied large quantities of decorated edged weapons.
Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. in Russia there was a constant search for an effective model of combat edged weapons for the Russian army - the so-called experimental bladed weapon. In the first half of the 19th century. When developing new edged weapons, they were guided mainly by French models. They experimented with the size and curvature of blades, elements of the hilt at the Tula Arms Factory and the Zlatoust Arms Factory; prototypes of the experimental saber were also created at the Sestroretsk Arms Factory.
Infantry soldier's cutlasses, cavalry soldier's broadswords, infantry officer's swords and dragoon soldier's sabers were also developed. In 1860-1870 developments were carried out to create an effective combat standard, which could replace the entire variety of edged weapons in service with the Russian army.
In the early 1870s. Major General A.P. Gorlov repeatedly made proposals for a significant modernization of edged weapons.
The photo shows the prize foil awarded for 1st place in exhibition competitions. Manufactured by the English company Wilkinson, 1924. Private collection. 
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After the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878. a specially created commission was involved in the consideration of new samples of edged weapons, which approved the samples of dragoon and Cossack sabers improved by Gorlov by that time. At the same time, the development of new models of soldier's and officer's cavalry weapons based on Austrian and Italian models was underway.
Experimental samples of cavalry sabers 1896-1905. had the so-called “silent scabbard” with fixed staples or a hook instead of movable rings. At the same time, attempts to improve the dragoon soldier's saber of the 1881 model continued, about which, after it was sent to the troops, complaints began to be received for inconvenience in handling.
Military antiques are a memory of past battles, past victories and defeats.
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Heavy cavalry saber model 1867, Sweden. The blade is steel, slightly curvature, single-edged, double-edged at the combat end, with one wide fuller on both ends of the blade. The hilt consists of a handle and a guard. The handle is made of wood, wrapped in thin light leather, and has transverse...
Heavy cavalry saber 1854, Sweden. The blade is single-edged steel, of slight curvature, with one wide fuller. There are registration and production marks on the butt of the blade. The hilt consists of a brass guard with two wide protective bows, a pommel that goes into the back of the handle, and a wooden...
Officer's cavalry broadsword, model 1893. With lanyard. Sweden. The blade is straight, double-edged, with two narrow fullers. On the left heel there are stamps: G.M., crown, E. SVALLING ESKILSTUNA. The hilt consists of a handle and a brass guard. The handle is covered with leather and wrapped along grooves with two rows of twisted steel...
Infantry officer's saber, model 1859, Sweden. The blade is steel, single-edged, of medium curvature, with a tubular spine and a needle point. The hilt consists of a brass guard, decorated with an openwork pattern on the front side, a protective bow that goes into the pommel, a cavilion bent to the side and wood..
The gun was tormented. XIX century Algeria/Morocco..
Soldier infantry saber mod. XI year. France, early 19th century. Steel, copper alloy, leather, wood. Forging, casting, metalworking operations. The blade is steel, slightly curved, single-edged, without fullers, wedge-shaped section. The blade has a mark in the form of the letter L. The hilt is copper-alloy, with a protective bow..
Jambia dagger. Türkiye. Mid-20th century The blade is double-edged, with significant curvature. The handle is metal with a small pommel and decorated with grain. The scabbard is wooden, covered with metal and decorated with the same stones as the handle, also decorated with grain. Total length 305 mm; blade length 170 mm. Width at os..
Jambia dagger. Türkiye. Mid-20th century The blade is double-edged, with significant curvature. The handle is metal, decorated with two blue stones. The scabbard is wooden, covered with metal and decorated with the same stones as the hilt. Total length 330 mm; blade length 192 mm. The width at the base of the blade is 40 mm. ..
Chrises are one of the most common types of bladed weapons among the inhabitants of the Malay Archipelago. It is believed that the kris carries magical powers and is not only a weapon, but also a talisman that protects against enemies and evil spirits. Chrises are credited with many magical properties, for example...
Trisula – ceremonial trident. Indonesia. The two side blades of the trident bear dragon heads. Wooden handle. The scabbard is wooden, painted. Total length 515 mm; blade length 230 mm. ..
Knife in sheath. Indonesia. First half - mid-twentieth century. The blade is steel, single-edged. The number 5 is stamped at the base of the blade. The wooden handle has the shape of a man squatting. The bolster is made of copper alloy. The scabbard is wooden, consisting of two halves fastened together. ..
Tombak - a spear tip in a sheath. Indonesia. XIX century The blade is made of layered steel. The type of pamor is not distinguishable. Wooden scabbard. Total length 355 mm; blade length 200 mm. The width at the base of the blade is 16 mm. ..
Knife Batak. Sumatra (Indonesia). XIX century The blade is made of layered steel. The copper alloy handle is shaped like a human figure and decorated with a tuft of black hair. The metal sheath is covered with the skin of an animal with light hair. The end of the scabbard is in the shape of a human figure. Total length 226 mm;..
The knife is bare. Indonesia. End of the 19th century The blade is steel, single-edged, of slight curvature, made of layered steel. Wooden handle, decorated with carvings, pommel in the shape of a head mythological creature. The scabbard is wooden, with an asymmetrically widening mouth. The scabbard and hilt were made in a later...
Cavalry private's saber, model 1822, France. The blade is steel, slightly curvature, single-edged, double-edged at the combat end, with one wide fuller and one narrow fuller at the butt. The hilt consists of a handle and a brass guard. The handle is attached to the strip in a mounted manner: the end is a shank..
An officer's sword with a lanyard in a sheath. France. End of the 19th century The blade is straight, double-edged, lens-shaped, with one narrow fuller. The hilt consists of a brass guard with a cavillon lowered down on one side, a protective bow connected to the pommel on the other, and a wooden handle with grooves. ..
Soldier's cavalry saber (in sheath). France, Chatellerault arms factory. Beginning of the 20th century Made for the Chilean army. Steel. Forging, metalworking operations. The blade is steel, with slight curvature. The hilt consists of a handle and a guard. The cross-section of the handle is oval and has transverse grooves. Garda..
Cavalry saber. Uninstalled model. German states. XIX century A massive single-edged blade of slight curvature with one wide fuller. There is a mark on the butt of the blade. The hilt consists of a steel cup, two protective bows, a pommel that turns into the back of the handle and a wooden handle. Judging by...
It has been repeatedly repaired and restored. ..
The knife is bare. Indonesia. Beginning of the 20th century The blade is steel, single-edged, of slight curvature. The handle is wooden, decorated with carvings, the pommel is in the shape of a bird's head. The scabbard is wooden, decorated with carvings. Total length: 360 mm; blade length: 220 mm; blade width: 22 mm. ..
French naval officer's sword model 1837. Steel blade, rhombic cross-section. The handle is made of dark bone, barrel-shaped, oval in cross-section. The head of the sword handle is conical, with a dome-shaped top. Under the head of the handle and at the bottom there are identical bushings decorated with relief...
Diplomatic official's sword housings. France. XIX century Sword of an official of the diplomatic corps. France. Mid-19th century The blade has a triangular cross-section with etching and engraving from the manufacturer Klingenthal. The hilt has a complex design and consists of a brass openwork cup, a protective bow, a wooden hand...
Dagger Chris. Sulawesi. XIX century Small kris dagger, Sulawesi Island (Indonesia). XIX century Iron, rock nickel, steel, wood, copper alloy. Chris with a straight but slightly curved overall blade. The pamor is faintly visible. The wooden handle is of the ayam patah tekah (chicken with a broken neck) type...
Tombak knife. Indonesia. First half of the twentieth century. Traditionally, the tombak is the tip of a spear, although it has its own sheath. Less commonly, the tombak was used, as in this case, as a knife blade. The blade is double-edged, lens-shaped. There are inscriptions in Arabic on the blade. The handle, like the scabbard, is curved..
Cavalry saber. Spain. XIX century The blade is steel, slightly curved, single-edged, the combat end is double-edged, with a single wide fuller. On the heel of the blade there is a mark indicating the place of production (TOLEDO) and the manufacturer, as well as a military registration number stamped on top of it...
Officers' sword military justice and gendarmerie model 1853 with a lanyard. Steel, brass, gilding, engraving. The blade is straight, double-edged, with two narrow fullers. On both heels of the blade there are marks and engraved inscriptions - the name of the manufacturer: Klinengtal. Cast brass handle...
Tibetan traveler's knife with chopsticks. The blade is straight, single-edged, and the handle is bone. The scabbard is wooden, with a ring for fastening on the belt, covered with metal. The sheath has two additional holes for sticks. Total length: 210 mm; blade length: 120 mm. ..
Cavalry saber, model 1904, Austria-Hungary. The blade is slightly curvature, with a tubular spine and a needle-shaped end. The tip is shifted to the line of the butt. The hilt consists of a handle and a steel guard. The handle is covered with rough leather and has seven transverse grooves. The back of the handle is covered with steel...
Qatar, stabbed Indian dagger of the 19th century. The blade has a reinforcing “rib” on both sides. The end of the dagger has a special extension for piercing chain mail. Katar is an Indian dagger of the stabbed type. Another variant of the name is jamadhar (“blade of the god of death” or “tongue of the god of death”). Designed..
Short wakizashi sword. Japan. XIX century The blade is in a shirasaya sheath. Shirasaya literally translates as “white scabbard”. This is a special sheath that was used for transportation and long-term storage of the blade. At first, shirasayas were made in the form of a box, into which the entire...
Dagger Chris. Indonesia. XIX century Chrises are one of the most common types of bladed weapons among the inhabitants of the Malay Archipelago. It is believed that the kris carries magical powers and is not only a weapon, but also a talisman that protects against enemies and evil spirits. Chris is credited with many magic...
Officer's sword. Early XIX V. France. The blade is steel, double-edged, straight, lens-shaped. The blade has gilded needle etching. The hilt consists of a brass guard, one cavilion, a protective bow and pommel; and a wooden handle with spiral grooves. The end of the cavilion in the morning..
Lancer officer's saber mod. 1889 Mecklenburg (Germany). The blade is steel, single-edged with one wide fuller. There is etching on both holomenias of the blade. On one holomen the name and number of the regiment are etched, on the other there is a drawing of a military theme. On the butt of the blade there is also etching with growth..
Sword. France. Mid-19th century The blade is steel, single-edged, straight, with one fuller. The hilt consists of a brass guard with a protective bow and pommel; and a horn handle with transverse grooves. Leather scabbard with brass end and mouth. There is a peg at the base of the scabbard. Total length: 885 mm; length..
Pocket pistol, capsule. France. Mid-19th century The barrel is steel, made of Damascus. The lock box has a floral design engraved on it. Wooden handle with inlaid ornament. Total length: 190 mm; barrel length: 75 mm; caliber: 13.6 mm. ..
Alemang Buginese. Indonesia. XVIII - XIX centuries The blade is straight, single-edged, made of laminated steel. The handle is made of black wood. Leather scabbard, ending lost. The handle and scabbard were made at a much later period than the blade. Total length: 600 mm; blade length:..
Sword. Sumbawa Island (Indonesia). XIX century or earlier. The steel blade has a slight curvature and has a so-called “one and a half” sharpening (the cutting edge of one of the sides starts from half the length of the blade). The number 1790 is stamped at the base of the blade. The handle is made of black wood, significantly wider..
Golok. Indonesia. First half of the twentieth century. The blade is steel, single-edged, of slight curvature. The blade is artificially darkened with a black compound. The handle is wooden, decorated with carvings, the pommel is in the shape of the head of a feline animal. The scabbard is wooden, decorated with carvings. Total length: 450 mm; blade length:..
Golok. Indonesia. XIX century A very unusual specimen with a blade from Chris. The blade is made of layered steel, the stain is visible. The handle is carved, wooden, in the shape of a parrot's head. The scabbard is wooden, covered with snakeskin. The mouth of the scabbard is made of white metal with chased ornaments. Total length: 420 mm; blade length: 295..
Kunjang. Indonesia. XX century Kunjang is a weapon native to West Java (Sundan region). Without the necessary equivalent in Russian, we will call it a sickle, despite the fact that its shape is significantly different from the shape of a regular sickle. In fact, the name of the sickle in Indonesian is "chelurit"..
Sword. Germany. XVIII century Sword. Germany. XVIII century The blade is steel, double-edged, straight lens-shaped. Despite its elegance, the blade is quite strong and reliable, but at the same time time is easy, which makes this sword a good weapon in the hands of a skilled fencer. The hilt consists of a handle, a gar..
Cavalry saber. Sweden. XIX century The blade is steel, single-edged, slightly curvature, with one wide fuller. The hilt consists of a brass guard with three protective bows, a pommel that turns into the back of the handle, and a wooden handle with transverse grooves. There are registration marks on the hilt. Steel scabbard..
Austrian military officials' sword, model 1878. The blade is straight, double-edged with one wide fuller. There is etching on the blade. The hilt consists of a handle with a brass curved lion's head and a brass guard. The handle is formed by two mother-of-pearl cheeks, fastened with two brass ornamented...
Infantry officer's sword mod. 1867 Saxony. Swords of this model were in service with the German army until the beginning of the twentieth century. The blade is nickel-plated, double-edged, straight, with two narrow fullers. The blade has gilded etching in the form of an imperial monogram under a crown. The hilt consists of a brass fold...
Infantry officer's saber, model 1821, France. The blade is steel, single-edged, of medium curvature, with one wide fuller. Half of the blade on each holomeni is blued and gilded with military-themed designs made by needle etching. The hilt consists of a brass guard with two protective arms..
The traditional weapon of the inhabitants of the Malay archipelago is the kris dagger. This type of kris is typical of the Mindano Island (Southern Philippines). The blade is steel, double-edged, with a wavy cutting edge. The handle is wooden with a pommel bent at a right angle. The blade and the handle are connected by a copper ring...
Cleaver, Philippines/Luzon. First half of the twentieth century. The blade is steel, single-edged, of slight curvature. The guard and bolster are made of brass alloy, the handle is made of ebony. The pommel of the handle is made in the shape of the head of a mythological animal and is trimmed with copper alloy inserts. Wooden scabbard...
Heavy cavalry saber model 1864 Sweden. A massive steel blade, single-edged, of slight curvature, with one wide fuller. There are production marks on the heel of the blade. The hilt consists of a brass guard with two protective arches that turn into a pommel and a wooden handle with transverse grooves...
Artillery saber mod. 1831 Sweden Artillery saber model 1831 Sweden. A massive wide blade, single-edged, of slight curvature, with one wide fuller and one narrow lobe. The hilt of the so-called Blucher type has a D-shape. The blade and hilt have manufacturing and...
Artillery saber, model 1831, Sweden. A massive wide blade, single-edged, of slight curvature, with one wide fuller and one narrow lobe. The hilt of the so-called Blucher type has a D-shape. There are production and registration marks on the blade and hilt. Steel scabbard with two edges..
Infantry cleaver model 1848 with lanyard. Sweden. The blade is steel, straight, without fullers, single-edged. The hilt consists of a handle and a cross. The cross-section of the handle is oval, smoothly curved towards the blade of the blade, formed by two black wooden cheeks, fastened to the shank of the blade by two...
Hussar saber. Bavaria. Mid-19th century The blade is single-edged steel, of medium curvature with one wide fuller. The blade has a needle etching - the monogram of King Ludwig II of Bavaria. There is an inscription on the butt of the blade, probably the signature of the master. The hilt consists of a steel guard with three protective arms..
Artillery saber mod. 1822 without scabbard. Bavaria. The blade is single-edged steel, of medium curvature with one wide fuller. The hilt consists of a steel guard with three protective bows, one end bent downwards - a cavilion, a pommel, a back and a wooden handle. The handle is covered with leather and has a transverse...
Infantry saber model 1845 without scabbard. France. The blade is steel, single-edged, with a needle point. The blade has one wide fuller and one narrow fuller. The hilt consists of a brass guard with a cavillon lowered down on one side, connected to the other by a protective bow with a pommel and a wooden...
Kukri in sheath. India. Beginning of the 20th century The blade is steel, single-edged, with significant curvature. The blade of the blade runs along the inside of the curve. There is a “cho” cutout at the base of the blade. The handle is made of rosewood. The scabbard is wooden, covered with black leather. Kukri (kukri, another trans..
Unique Buryat knife. The wooden parts of the handle and sheath are made of walnut, the metal parts of the sheath and handle are silver. The scabbard is decorated with precious stones. The scabbard contains the coat of arms of the USSR. Dedication signature on the blade. Length 40cm. Prepayment 100%. Delivery at buyer's expense...
Bebut, early 20th century, Chrysostom. the marks on the blade were cut down into civilian ones, for obvious reasons, but the circle of the word “Chrysostom” is still quite legible. Acceptance stamps are visible on the scabbard holder. Prepayment 100%. Delivery at the buyer's expense. ..
The eastern bebut, the so-called “tiger fang”. 19th century, horn handle, rivets and glass on the scabbard - silver. Prepayment 100%. Delivery at the buyer's expense. ..
Bavarian ceremonial saber, 19th century. Excellent condition. Blade Solingen, marks erased. Double sided etching. Advance payment 100% Delivery at the buyer's expense Delivery by Business lines or other transport company..
Original original. The medal is in its original plexiglass box and cardboard packaging. On carton packaging in Japanese and English languages written: Designed by Seibo Kitamura Hard physical and mental training is a prerequisite for championship athletic performance. The beauty of young people ex..
Original original. Payment token (Wertmarke) part with field post number 37282 Dienststelle Feldpostnummer -37282-. 50 pfennigs. Zinc, diameter 30.2 mm, weight 5.34 g. Super condition, shiny surface. Shipping only within Russia at the buyer's expense. I don't send abroad...
Original original. The medal is in its original box with its original booklet. The booklet in Japanese and English reads: The Tokyo Olympics Memorial Medal is sponsored by the Japan Athletic Promotion Foundation. Material: gold plated copper. Obverse design: Scene...
Original original. Akita Prefectural Police Desktop Commendation Medal. Diameter 65 mm, weight 156.16 g. Obverse: Akita Prefectural Police Headquarters building against the background of a giant butterbur leaf (in Japanese Akitabuki 秋田蕗) Reverse: 賞 Sho > award; 秋田県 Akita-ken 警察 K..
The blade is steel, slightly curvature, single-edged, with one wide and two narrow fullers on both sides. The fighting end is double-edged. The hilt consists of a handle with a head and a brass guard. The guard is formed by a front bow extending from the outer part of the handle and smoothly turning into a cross. ..
Checker of the Kuban-Caucasian region second half of the 19th century V. Russian Empire. Perfectly balanced for horse riding. General characteristics: total length: 994 mm, blade length 835 mm, blade width 31 mm. On the end of the blade there is a marking in the form of a stylized crown and numbers..
Bebut artillery model 1907. The blade is steel, double-edged, with two narrow fullers. The bebut handle is made of wood and is attached to the blade handle with two brass rivets. Without a sheath. - length in sheath 64 cm. - bebut length 59.5 cm. - blade length 44 cm. - blade width 3.6 cm...
Problem with the hairpin. The enamel is intact...
Reproduction of red table wine for the German Armed Forces in 1941. Label inscription Nur fur die Deutche Wehrmacht For German Armed Forces only. Controlee NSDAP party control of the NSDAP. Red table wine 1941, 9-11%, volume 0.7. Made in Europe Excellent collectible..
Breastplate and helmet of a carabineer officer of the Second Empire, France, 1852 - 1870. Excellent condition, no dents. There are no side straps. ..
Nicholas II. Without pad. ..
Nicholas II. St. George medal with block. ..
Europe. Pipe diameter 12cm. Brass, leather. ..
Germany 1920-1945 Dimensions: total length 20.5 cm, blade length 17 cm...
Germany. Dimensions: total length 20.5cm; blade length 10.5 cm. 1940-1950.
Norway, 1960 Silver details. Total length 22 cm; blade length 10.5 cm...
World War II. This knife was awarded to pilots of Japanese kamikaze units in order to save themselves from suffering during a ram approach. Dimensions: total length 19cm; blade length 11cm...
Dimensions: total length 108 cm, blade length 83 cm...
Table souvenir: Cannonball on a cast iron stand. 18th century A support stand with a surface decorated with relief patterns. Product of Kasli masters. Cast iron cannonball from a 4-pounder cannon from the Napoleonic Wars era. The items are connected to each other with a brass bolt. Real historical tabletop..
Original original. Silver, diameter 27 mm, weight 5.69 g. Obverse: portraits of newlyweds, above them two shaking hands. Circular legend: OMNIUM RERUM NEXUS NOBILIOR, below Fides 1654 Reverse: coat of arms of the groom, circular legend CL GALLAND Sr DE BEAUSABLON ET DAME C GUYON S ESP The token is private, poet..
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