Russia has just announced how many deadly Armata tanks it will build. Russia just announced how many deadly Armata tanks it will build. Defense systems and armor

Tank troops are considered one of the most powerful components of the modern army. Developers all over the world are paying attention to special attention improvement of tanks and other heavy armored vehicles, in order for them to carry out a large volume of assigned combat missions.

Russia was no exception, where specialists decided to create powerful combat vehicles based on special tracked platform "Armata", which will allow us to unify armored units and units, as well as optimize the costs of producing tanks and armored vehicles.

From the whole family Almaty the most anticipated new product in military engineering was precisely main tank– new fighting machine, on the creation of which Uralvagonzavod specialists, engineers and designers worked hard.

Performance characteristics of the Armata T-14 tank

Combat weight 48 tons
Crew - 3 people
Booking
- combined multilayer armor
- active protection complex "Afganit"
- dynamic protection "Malachite"
Armament
- Smoothbore gun 125 mm 2A82-1M (152 mm 2A83)
- Gun ammunition: 45 shells (32 in the automatic loader)
- Machine guns - 1 × 12.7 mm Kord; 1 × 7.62 mm PKTM
Engine
- multi-fuel A-85-3A (12N360)
- Engine power 1500 hp.
Highway speed - 80 - 90 km/h
Speed over rough terrain - about 70 km/h
Cruising range on the highway - over 500 km
Specific power - 31 liters. s./t
Suspension type - active.

Multi-level protection of the Armata tank

Main feature T-14 tank, is uninhabited tank turret- the crew is located in an isolated armored capsule; among other things, a multi-layer combined armor barrier is installed in the front projection of the combat vehicle, protecting tank crews during frontal hits against tank shells and missiles. This approach to tank design allows the combat vehicle to withstand hits from most modern and future ATGMs and anti-tank shells, while preserving the lives of tank crews. The manned armored capsule also houses control computers, which makes the tank more survivable in modern combat conditions.

Location of components and modules of Almaty

The engine, transmission, as well as the automatic loader with ammunition are isolated from each other, which dramatically increases the survivability of the Almata even if the armor of the turret or engine/transmission compartments of the tank is penetrated. That is, if there is no direct hit in the compartment with ammunition and an automatic loader, then there will be no detonation of the ammunition. Even with multiple penetrations of the tank, the armored capsule will protect the crew and fire control systems, allowing the robotic uninhabited turret to fire. Another original solution is that the crew is positioned in a row, which reduces the area of the side projection of the manned armored capsule, sharply reducing the likelihood of being hit.

On a tank T-14 new anti-mine V-shaped armor has been applied, remote mine detectors have been installed on the tank, which are connected to an anti-tank mine destruction system, which allows the tank to overcome minefields.

Turret of the T-14 Armata tank

The turret of the Armata T-14 tank, as we wrote above, is uninhabited; its armor consists of anti-fragmentation casings to protect instruments and weapons. The steel casing protects the turret instruments, as well as dynamic protection modules from light fragmentation damage; an additional function of the casing is to reduce the radio signature of the tank against ATGMs/ATGMs with radar guidance of the JAGM type, due to the geometry of the surface.

Active protection complex "Afganit"

But armor cannot 100% protect a tank from modern anti-tank weapons, so T-14 The Afghanit active protection complex has been installed, which has the ability to intercept modern ATGMs, cumulative RPG grenades, as well as sub-caliber armor-piercing shells while approaching the tank.

Defense Update experts, when analyzing the Afghanit system on the T-14, indicate that it consists of damaging and concealing elements. The striking elements are located in shotgun pedestals under the turret, operating similarly to the Drozd KAZ, but more efficiently - the reaction time allows you to intercept even sub-caliber shells. The Afghanit developers also received patent RU 2263268 for an active protection system based on the “shock core” principle, which allows them to shoot down promising ammunition at speeds of up to 3000 m/s.

The camouflage elements of the Afghanit active protection complex are located in small mortars on the roof of the tank turret. Defense Update experts report that, presumably, the camouflage elements operate simultaneously as: a smoke screen, a multispectral curtain (including the IR range) and a curtain opaque to millimeter-wave radars (by releasing a cloud of miniature dipoles). According to Defense Update, this completely blocks anti-tank systems built on the principle of laser (ATGM Hellfire, TOW, Fagot, Skif, Stugna-P), IR guidance (ATGM Javelin, Spike) and with its own MW radar (ATGM JAGM, Brimstone) , making Armata protected from these anti-tank missiles, as well as from gliding homing charges (“roofbreakers”).

To counteract guidance radars and AWACS aircraft, the T-14 tank uses modern elements of stealth technology with characteristic flat edges (see, for example, the casing on the turret of the Armata tank). Defense Update experts indicate that the combined destructive and camouflage KAZ "Afganit" is triggered by an AFAR radar, which is divided into 4 separate matrices aimed at different sides, the rear matrices are turned upward to control the upper hemisphere, so the AFAR radar has all-round coverage. The tank's optical surveillance equipment is also integrated with a system for proactive delivery of curtains.

Previously, the T-14 developers also reported that the machine gun mount, based on data from the AFAR radar, is capable of protecting the tank not only by shooting down incoming anti-tank missiles, but also having a significant probability of hitting anti-tank shells in order to change the flight path of sub-caliber shells or damage cumulative ammunition.

New steel for armor of the Armata tank

For combined multilayer armor, specialists from the Research Institute of Steel developed new armor steel grade 44S-SV-SH electroslag remelting of high resistance, as well as new materials and filler designs. This made it possible to reduce the total weight of the tank's armor protection by 15% while maintaining armor resistance. Dynamic protection of the T-14 was created according to the principle of design and modification of the configuration to suit the scenario of combat use of the tank. On the march, dynamic protection can be removed, and additional modules can be installed for an urban combat scenario.

Chassis and engine of Almaty

New medium tank Armata is equipped with a 12-cylinder four-stroke X-shaped turbocharged diesel engine A-85-3A (12N360) with a capacity of 1,500 horsepower. Engine 12N360 multi-fuel, with direct injection, developed by the Chelyabinsk design bureau "Transdiesel" and produced at ChTZ (Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant).

The tank has a 7-roller active suspension on vane shock absorbers with a differential steering mechanism with hydrostatic transmission. The new active suspension eliminates the swaying of the tank during movement, which makes it possible to reduce the time of target acquisition by optical-electronic guidance means by 2.2 times, reducing the time of hitting a tank-type target by 1.45 times!

T-14 Armata is equipped with a tank information and control system (TIUS), which monitors all components and assemblies, controls on-board systems, and diagnoses faults, which allows the driver to control the engine and chassis without leaving the armored capsule for inspection and diagnostics - the need for repairs is determined by the electronics.

IN T-14 changed design of additional fuel tanks, for the first time for Soviet and Russian tanks they became non-removable and recessed behind the armor and anti-cumulative screen. In this case, the tanks participate in additional protection of the engine, taking on shock deformations. The exhaust of Almaty engines is produced through pipes running through additional fuel tanks, which, taking into account the high heat capacity of hundreds of liters of fuel, reduces the visibility of the tank in the infrared range.

Although the new tank is being created according to all Russian tank building standards and is quite often compared with "Black Eagle", the model is an absolute novelty that has no analogues. An important distinguishing feature is the development of a high level of safety for the crew, which will be housed in a special armored capsule.

Armata tracked platform - a universal combat transformer

"Armata" is a heavy tracked platform, which was developed by the Uralvagonzavod enterprise and can be used unified in production various types modern heavy armored vehicles. Based on this unique project, it is planned to create several types of armored vehicles, the development of which Russian specialists have already begun to engage in. The main positions are:

T-14 (object 148)- Main battle tank;
BMP-T T-15 (GBTU index - object 149)- infantry fighting vehicle;
BREM-T T-16 (object 152)- repair and recovery vehicle;
BMO-2- flamethrower combat vehicle;
TOS BM-2- heavy flamethrower system;
TZM-2- transport-loading vehicle for a heavy flamethrower system;
2S35 "Coalition-SV"- self-propelled artillery installation;
USM-A1- mining system;
UMZ-A- minelayer (project);
MIM-A- multi-purpose engineering vehicle;
MT-A- bridge layer (project);
PTS-A- floating conveyor (project).

Also, the Armata universal tank tracked platform can serve as the basis for creating a chassis for artillery self-propelled units and various kinds of specialized engineering machines. The general public first met the Armata at the Victory Parade on May 9, 2015. Participation of a new tank T-14 Armata attracted the attention of not only Russians; the new tank was watched by a huge number of military specialists from all over the planet.

Tanks became the striking force of World War II. In almost all countries of the world, the dominant doctrine is currently considered to be network-centric warfare. That is, achieving superiority over the enemy due to greater information and communication, as well as the speed of making tactical decisions in a single center and the prompt receipt of orders by units. This concept is contradicted by several others, for example, there is the doctrine of targeted strategic suppression, that is, finding the enemy’s weak points, issuing orders to the unit to carry out a combat mission. They intersect in many ways and complement each other, but in one area they are incompatible - the tactics and strategy of using tank formations. The first concept takes tanks into account, but the second does not.

It is heartwarming that a “breakthrough” was made in the Russian Federation, whose armed forces are already beginning to adopt the Russian T-14 Armata tank, which fits perfectly into the doctrine of network-centric warfare.

History of creation and prospects for application

At the beginning of this decade, confidential information appeared about the appearance in Russia of a long-developed new generation tank. Only those who were interested noticed her. Therefore, the passage on 05/09/2015 through Red Square became a presentation of the Armata tank, produced in small quantity(up to 15 copies) as part of the pre-production “package”.

The Russian “combat systems of the future” program and the reasons why this particular tank was chosen will not be removed for a long time. The only open information is the refusal to produce the fourth generation main tank T-95.

By the way, at the development stage, the Armata tank received the name “Object 148”, and the number 14 in the final name was derived from the year the project was implemented – 2014.

Perhaps the Armata medium tank, whose mass is about 50 tons, was chosen as the main one, since it is multifunctional and intended to work as part of a group as a “leader”. It perfectly copes with the functions of a remote reconnaissance, target designator and fire spotter.

To do this, he has two detection systems (a surveillance radar with a range of one hundred kilometers and equipment operating in different “light” ranges), as well as a Pterodactyl drone with an unlimited operating time, since it receives energy from the T-14 Armata "via a special wire.

Having received operational data, “Pterodactyl” can transmit it to everyone (in a regular format and/or video) who needs it, including its escort:

heavy infantry fighting vehicle T-15;
attack helicopters;
complexes of the “Pantsir-S1” type;
other equipment included in the group.

By the way, the T14 “Armata” in the same format can receive data from its tactical group, command, other similar groups, as well as airplanes, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles.

Versatile platform, powertrain and suspension

The fourth generation T-14 Armata is being developed in accordance with a network-centric concept, according to which it must have at least:

NeoBash with automatic charging and reloading;
isolated armored capsule for the crew;
part of the fully automated functions (partly robotic tank).

By the way, the fifth generation will in fact be a tank without a crew, that is, completely robotic.

The platform of the Armata tank was made unified by Uralvagonzavod. Being a heavy tracked vehicle, it is suitable for transforming the T-14 Armata itself, for example, into something close to a self-propelled gun - a combat artillery vehicle. It will also be suitable for the production of several dozen types of other military equipment, including cars. At the same time, many sections and even blocks mounted on valves (communication, control, active protection, and so on) can be installed on this equipment.

The universal combat platform makes it possible to implement new tactical concepts and actions of the T-14 Armata.

The T-14 is equipped with an engine common to the universal Armata platform with the following performance characteristics (hereinafter referred to as performance characteristics):

№№	Engine performance	Numerical engine parameters
1	Twelve-cylinder, diesel, turbocharged	X-shaped
2	Power (max 1)	1200 l/s
3	Power (max 2)	1500 l/s
4	Speed (maximum)	90 km/h
5	Travel range (without refueling)	500 km.
6	Time to replace the engine	30 minutes
7	Weight (weight) (including additional “body kit” for combat in urban conditions)	Up to 55 tons

On a universal platform, it is possible to install the engine in three places (front, rear and middle.). On the T-14 “Armata” it is customary to place the engine at the rear, and, for example, on its combat “friend” the T-15 BMP, which should always be located nearby - in the front.

Active suspension and BIUS

Active suspension, through automatic suspension of the T-14 "Armata", gives it the opportunity to not significantly reduce the speed of movement off-road. By reducing the pitching amplitude, the accuracy of the shot improves by 2 times, which is not small in real combat conditions. Provided that the speed of the T14 tank at this moment will not exceed 30 km/h. The gearbox is semi-automatic, with 16 gears (half for forward movement and the same number for reverse).

The brain, the main element of its automated “digital board” system, is its information and control system (hereinafter referred to as BIUS). It controls almost everything until the commander or another crew member (there are three tank crews in total on the Armata Tank) takes control of this equipment.

The BIUS device controls the engine and suspension, active protection and target search, constantly performs diagnostics, if necessary, informing the crew about its results and even giving them voice commands. Add artificial intelligence to it and a fifth-generation combat vehicle is ready.

Protection complexes and armor

The main thing is the armor. Its role increases even more with the rising cost of production and operation of a modern tank. Prototypes of the T-14 "Armata" were purchased for 0.5 billion rubles. for each copy.

Cost of a series of 100 units for evaluation testing general director“Uralvagonzavod” under the contract amounts to just over 25 billion rubles.

The unit price will decrease as supplies of the T-14 Armata increase to Russian troops. The plant's capacity allows it to produce at least five hundred cars per year. But even now, in comparison with NATO tanks, the T-14 Armata is the cheapest tank.

Due to the enormous cost, it is very important to keep the T-14 Armata tank in combat. Everything has been done for this - it is difficult to hit the T-14, and even more difficult to penetrate all its protective layers. Disabling it is one thing, but completely destroying it with its entire crew is another.

The worst thing is if the ammunition detonation occurs (destruction of tracks, power plant and similar damage can be repaired and/or replaced with appropriate units relatively easily). In this case, special screens are provided to divert the energy of the explosion from the armored capsule with the crew and it will most likely survive.

Active protection complex (hereinafter referred to as KAZ) “Afganit”

First, the defense equipment of the Armata tank (a set of numerous radars, direction finders and cameras in the ultraviolet and infrared ranges, with a review of 3600) detects enemy lethal agent Then the Afganit KAZ automatically turns the NeoBash in this direction. This action is performed for:

Blinding and/or changing the trajectory of guided projectiles and missiles by disorienting curtains, fired by heat traps, as well as means that disable electronics and their other “stuffing” (except mechanical), including laser guidance.
Destruction and/or interception of the impact core of a rocket (projectile) within a radius of twenty meters by appropriate means of active protection, including automated mortars installed under the NeoBash (the main damage is fragmentation), and an automatic machine gun on the tower itself.
Meeting the projectile, if it is not destroyed before contact with the armor of the Armata tank, its frontal armor, which has the greatest protection (the thickness of the armor is equivalent to more than one meter of reference armor).
Delivering a retaliatory strike against an attacking enemy.

Infrared cameras allow KAZ to:

carry out its functions when the radar is disabled or disabled, as well as in the conditions of the enemy’s use of electronic suppression means.
control and suppress the possibility of false radar alarms.
solve a very complex technical problem by detecting laser irradiation of the T14 Armata.

Cellular protection, dynamic protection complex (hereinafter referred to as KDZ) “Malachite”

The second level of protection for the Armata tank is the Malachite KDZ. Dynamic protection consists of three blocks made up of containers with special filling, cells of different sizes which can be refilled after use. IN automatic mode An updated version of the Malachite KDZ is involved in the active protection of the Armata tank.

Induction current sensors react to the magnetic field of the damaging enemy weapon, “throwing” towards it with an explosion a special damaging cell cover. If this does not help or a “tandem” projectile is used, it is met by a special filling of the dynamic protection cell, which practically “grinds” the enemy ammunition and dissipates the cumulative jet.

KDZ "Malachite" allows for mounting additional dynamic protection units on the front part of the T-14 "Armata". They cover the NeoBash from above and the hull on the sides by about 2/3, with a tank length of 10.5 meters, and a height and width of 3 and 4 meters, respectively.

The blocks are filled with cells in several layers, with different numbers of layers of cells in different places, and inside they are painted with the thinnest layer of a special coating.

Thanks to this, compared to the 3rd generation of tanks, the Malachite should be able to “cope” better with American and NATO finned sabot shells and heavy missiles.

The complex is safe for infantry if it, fulfilling the requirements of the Charter, moves behind the T-14 Armata tank (without armor protection) at a distance of more than 50 meters. Active protection is focused on disabling missiles more with “counter-electronic” means and the use of various “curtains”, and with grenade fragments - only within 20 meters of the T14 Armata.

Reservation of the turret, hull and compartments

The third and final line of defense is the T-14 Armata tank’s own armor, improved (by at least 10-15%%) compared to 3rd generation tanks. In some places it is reinforced with armored partitions inside the hull. The armor was specially created to maximize the deflection of guided and unguided missiles from an axial impact into the plane of the armor.

Their penetration today does not exceed 700 mm in armor equivalent, while the hull armor of the T-14 Armata is close to 1 meter of homogeneous metal armor (expert assessment, data is naturally classified), and NeoBash is significantly higher.

Ceramic inserts in the armor, when destroyed, absorb almost the entire kinetic force of the ammunition and shift the axis of its impulse.

A crew of three is located in the front of the T-14 Armata hull in a well-armored and insulated compartment of the tank - an armored capsule. It is believed that it will not only withstand being hit by any type of ammunition, but will protect the crew from the explosion of ammunition and from the effects of damaging factors nuclear explosion(except for getting into its epicenter).

Whether this is true or a “sweet” lie will be shown by the currently ongoing “field” tests and maneuvers close to combat conditions after the start of delivery of at least several hundred T14 tanks to the Russian troops. A good test for them could be participation in some local conflict such as the “civil war” in Syria.

In addition to the semi-automated electronic and mechanical equipment necessary for the T-14 Armata to perform its functions, the armored capsule has an air conditioner and several all-round viewing screens that provide a “picture” high resolution, regardless of the weather and time of day. It is argued that the armored capsule is freer than in a modern Mercedes-Benz car, only the design is poorer.

The armored screens located above the tracks cover the dynamic protection of seven blocks for approximately 2/3 of the length of the tank, and the rear part of the NeoBash and the hull are covered with lattice screens. All this additional protection weighs just over one ton, which is only 2% and practically does not reduce the maneuverability of the Armata tank. For greater invulnerability when fighting in urban conditions, dynamic “armor” in soft packaging is hung on top of the side armor plates, as well as on the back and sides of the NeoBash.

The lower part of the T-14 Armata is well protected by armor. Also, in order to dissipate the shock impulse of anti-tank mines, it has a V-shape. In addition, it is equipped with a unique system for determining the location of mines with magnetic fuses and their remote detonation due to distortion of the magnetic field. So there doesn’t seem to be any danger from the T-14 “Armata” from below. But the design of the crew seats includes elements that partially absorb and also divert most of the explosion energy.

Fuel compartment protection

Fuel tanks are made non-removable for the first time. They are located on the sides of the T-14 Armata and in the center of the hull in front of the engine. They are protected from fire by a special filler, and from hit by enemy ammunition, in addition to the protection described above, by an additional anti-cumulative screen.

It is separated from the engine compartment and the compartment with “shots” by an armored partition, which rather provides additional protection for these sections of the hull, and from the compartment with the crew, accordingly, by the armor of the crew “capsule”.

If you look from the inside, the body of the T-14 "Armata" is divided into four parts in the middle of which there is a fuel compartment, bordering the engine compartment, the crew's armored capsule, and also going around the sides of the ammunition compartment. It is believed that this arrangement will, at least slightly, reduce the impact on the crew and engine when the ammunition capacity, which amounts to 45 rounds, is detonated.

The total capacity of the fuel system is 2 tons (with additional tanks). About half of the fuel is inside the hull, and the rest is located outside the hull on its sides on the fenders. All compartments of the T-14 "Armata" are equipped with fire extinguishers that are automatically triggered when an open flame appears and the temperature corresponds to this.

Applicable stealth technologies

In order to make the Armata tank as inconspicuous as possible for enemy detection means, many developments in stealth technology have been applied. Currently strength Russian army consists not so much in firepower, but in the difficulty of detection by the enemy of its combat vehicles, which significantly increases their survivability.

For this there is:

Flat reflective sides of the body with a unique coating, which not only hides the Armata tank in a wide range of radio waves, but also prevents it from getting sunstroke.
Thermal insulation of the hull and heat traps make it difficult to find the T-14 "Armata" in the infrared wavelength range and radically change its appearance if it is exposed.
A lightweight casing on the turret that reduces visibility and distorts enemy radar data.
Equipment for distorting the magnetic field around the T14 "Armata", preventing the determination of its exact location in the event that the enemy has a magnetometric weapon.
“Mixer” of exhaust gases with the external environment, as well as imitation of non-existent exhaust pipes, to disorient weapons and detection equipment operating in the thermal range.

Detection complexes (hereinafter referred to as KO)

The most important function of the T-14 “Armata” is to establish the location of enemy forces both at the short “approaches” within a radius of 10 km, and at long distances – up to 100 kilometers. For this purpose, it is equipped with a 4-section aerotype radar and cameras synchronized with it, operating in other ranges.

The phased array radar can detect and “guide” up to 40 ground and 25 air targets. If the target is carefully camouflaged, then human intervention is required to operate the automatic control of the infrared sight. The automation also controls conventional panoramic sights, which are included in the KO, to clarify the correct detection and “tracking” of targets without their “loss” from the counteraction of enemy counter-electronic warfare systems.

The KO panels are covered with light armored screens.

Existing optical periscopes are needed for driving, including at night. The headlights also have infrared illumination capabilities.

T-14 "Jurassic"

In addition, for the first time in Russia, short-range reconnaissance will be carried out by a Pterodactyl unmanned vehicle launched, not in free flight, but over the length of a cable shielded from electronic reconnaissance equipment (up to 100 meters). It constantly transmits a video image to the screen of the T-14 “Armata” commander, and receives energy for operation through the same cable.

“Pterodactyl”, whose visibility horizon is 10 km, gives the T-14 “Armata” a unique opportunity to fire from a “closed” position or from a cloud of special suspension masking it. The drone can be in touch and transmit a picture to the entire tactical group, an individual combat vehicle, or a support and logistics vehicle. Naturally, all this can be done in relation to your command and/or tactical groups and units operating nearby.

When determining the TO of a target at a distance of up to six kilometers, a deviation of up to 10 m is permissible, and at ten kilometers - 17 m. This is quite enough to hit infantry and lightly armored targets with artillery or tank ammunition. The T-14 Armata is also valuable as a fire spotter, as it clearly records the location of the explosion.

In addition, based on the flight path of enemy ammunition, KOs can calculate the location from which the shot was fired and even open fire in automatic mode, although it is more effective to reconnoiter the target. After “capturing” an air target, data can be transmitted to destroy it:

accompanying BMP T-15, which has a good anti-aircraft gun;
a unit equipped with man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems;
SAM "Pantsir-S1" (when it hits a target, it does not unmask itself by using its own detection means).

Weapon systems

If the Armata’s defensive systems operate in automatic mode and crew intervention is required only in exceptional cases, the attacking actions of the T-14 itself are carried out in semi-automatic mode, with the active use of various types of sighting devices by the commander and gunner.

In addition to conventional optical sights and rangefinders with twelve-fold magnification, modern electronic technology is used to target enemy equipment and manpower, operating in all available ranges, including laser sights. “Capture” of a target by the heat it emits occurs if it is no more than 3.5 km away, and by rangefinders – 7.5 km.

Former Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government Rogozin, listing the characteristics of the T-14, jokingly said that crews for the Armata tank should be recruited from fans of the online game World of Tanks, since they already have almost all the skills to control a tank. As they say, there is only a grain of joke in a joke. Indeed, the management process diagram is similar.

The commander points the cursor at the target, presses a button to capture it and forwards the data to the gunner. He also presses the button - the target will most likely be hit. Moreover, one can note the order in which several targets are hit. Whether everything will be so simple and whether the tank and its fate in a real battle will be so good - time will tell.

gun

Currently, NeoBash is equipped with a 125 mm remote-controlled gun. In terms of destruction range, this gun is significantly superior to analogues installed on NATO tanks. When aiming, even the bending caused by heating of the chrome-plated and autofretted barrel from the inside is taken into account. The corresponding sensor is located on the tank barrel and placed in a container.

The new ammunition, which includes both guided and unguided missiles launched through the barrel, doubles the power of military equipment equipped with this gun.

In addition, the T14 "Armata" from this gun now has the ability to shoot down drones and helicopters with air-to-air missiles, and with ammunition with controlled detonation in flight - to hit targets in equipped and natural shelters.

The Armata universal combat platform allows the installation of a heavy 152 mm gun on the T-14. Advantage over the currently installed gun:

This is her power. It is enough for a projectile to hit an enemy tank. It doesn’t matter where, because if it doesn’t penetrate the armor, it will demolish the tower. And to destroy or seriously damage lightly armored, and even more so unarmored, equipment, it is enough for the corresponding ammunition to hit the target. In this capacity, the T-14 turns into a “fire support” tank.
The final transformation of the Armata tank into a kind of control center of its tactical group, which, in addition to coordinating actions, provides direct fire support, located in positions remote from direct contact with the enemy.
The ability to launch long-range anti-aircraft missiles with twice the range.

Disadvantages over the currently installed gun:

A 10% reduction in ammunition, a 25% reduction in automatic loader, therefore, it is necessary to have more equipment nearby that transports ammunition.
The absence of a fourth-generation “breakthrough tank” and, therefore, the need to take action in this direction.

Performance characteristics of the gun

№№ p/p	Weapon performance	Weapon parameters
1	Service personnel, persons	1
2	Anti-tank barrel caliber 1, mm.	125
3	Barrel caliber 2, mm.	152
4	(barrel caliber 1), km.	up to 5
5	Range of hitting a target with a surface-to-surface missile (barrel caliber 1), km.	up to 8
6	Range of hitting a target with a surface-to-air missile (barrel caliber 1), km.	up to 5 km.
7	Range of hitting a target with a projectile (barrel caliber 2), km.	more than 5
8	Range of hitting a target with a surface-to-surface missile (barrel caliber 2), km.	up to 20
9	Range of hitting a target with a surface-to-air missile (barrel caliber 2), km.	until 9
10	Armor-piercing barrel 1, meter of reference armor	up to 1
11	Armor-piercing barrel 2, meters of reference armor	up to 1.4
12	Rate of fire (barrel caliber 1), rds/min	up to 15
13	Rate of fire (barrel caliber 2) rds/min	up to 12
14	Ammunition (barrel caliber 1), rd.	up to 45
15	Automatic loader (barrel caliber 1), rd.	32
16	Ammunition (barrel caliber 2), rd.	up to 40
17	Automatic loader (barrel caliber 2), rd	24

Ammunition

The very idea and practice of launching missiles through the barrel was implemented in third-generation tanks. What is new in this matter is the controllability and range of the missiles. From the above list it is clear that the 152 mm caliber cannon “shoots” missiles over significantly longer distances. This also applies to air targets. Unlike a 125 mm cannon, a missile can also shoot down planes and missiles flying at speeds of up to nine hundred kilometers per hour.

It should be noted that the finned shells included in the ammunition can also be guided in the case of a 152 mm gun caliber. They are clearly being prepared for use not against enemy armored vehicles. Their goals are command and control structures, anti-aircraft missile systems and similar “valuable” objects. It is possible that over time the T-14 “Armata” will be equipped with “shots” currently being developed, which have a flight range of up to 50 km due to their active-reactive nature.

Western publications admit the possibility of including “nuclear” shells and/or missiles in the ammunition load of the T-14 “Armata” - up to one kiloton.

For the Armata tank, their use is relatively safe at a distance of more than 6 km. Common sense dictates that this kind of ammunition (even if it is available) can only be used if a nuclear conflict has already begun, which is carefully avoided by all countries that have such weapons.

Machine gun weapons

The modernized tank machine gun of our genius - Kalashnikov. It was this standard and very minimal caliber that was chosen to equip the Russian Armata tank. Of course, it is integrated with all systems and can operate both automatically and under crew control. Located on NeoBash in an armored casing that increases the height and visibility of the T-14 Armata.

A spare belt for another 1,000 rounds is also stored in a secure location, and loading is automatic. But one gets a double impression - either this is a very cunning idea (here’s a very noticeable turret, aim at it - you don’t mind losing it), or they argued until they were hoarse, decided nothing and left it for later. But something needs to be installed, and at the last moment we decided to install this machine gun.

Conclusion

"Armata" is Russian name guns brought to Rus' (Moscow, Tver) in 1389 from Europe. In Latin, weapon is arma, but we added a suffix and an ending. All officials regarding the T-14 “Armata” state in different terms, but the same information. This tank made a “revolutionary” breakthrough and surpasses the tanks of the leading military powers of the world by at least 10...40%. The existing groundwork will provide Russia with an advantage for a long time, even taking into account that Western analogues will soon begin to appear.

In 2018, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation began accepting the first batch of T-14 “Armata” and it is expected that at least a hundred copies will be accepted. In total, by 2021 (for various reasons the period can be extended until 2025), more than 2,000 such tanks should enter service (the number may also change).

The strategically set task (the terms are not specified or not named) is to create an entire “Armata family”, transferring about 30 combat vehicles and support and support vehicles to the appropriate universal platform.

In addition to the roar of fanfare and the flow of praises, a debate is flaring up in interested circles about directions for improving the T-14 “Armata”, eliminating obvious shortcomings and shortcomings, as well as comprehending critical comments. In the T-14 "Armata" is criticized:

Increasing size, and most importantly height.
Narrow field of view for the commander in the event of complete or partial failure of the electronics.
The functions of the machine gun are unclear, as well as the lack of anti-aircraft weapons on the Armata tank.
Uncomfortable working posture of the crew.

Our designers and production workers are working on a fifth-generation tank - fully robotic. And as a first step in this direction, it is planned to reduce the crew of the T-14 “Armata” to two people, and allocate the freed up space to increase the ammunition load. Whether this is right or wrong, time will tell. Perhaps the freed up space will be allocated for new “brains”; there are never too many of them.

Video

Not long ago there was talk in the comments about comparing the dimensions of the T-14 with the T-90 and Abrams. The size of the Armata was taken from the Internet (Fig. 1), calculated from the diameter of the skating rink, taken as 700 mm. The resulting results raised some doubts, after which I decided to recalculate using photos of the nearby T-14 and T-90 (Fig. 2). All calculations are carried out taking into account all protruding elements, except for thin antennas.

Rice. 1 T-14 Armata

Rice. 2 The same photo

Knowing the length of the T-90 hull is 6860 mm and the width is 3780 mm, we calculate the dimensions of the T-14. We get: hull length 8677 mm, width 4448 mm, length with the gun forward 10642 mm, height along the DPU 3244 mm, along the turret roof 2723 mm. The side projection area is 17.28 m2, of which the towers are 4.06 m2; The frontal projection area is 8.43 m2, of which the towers are 2.76 m2.

The most modern tank in the Russian army before the T-14 was the T-90A (Fig. 3). Its length with the gun forward is 9530 mm, the height along the turret roof is 2230 mm, and the height along the DPU is 2732 mm. The side projection area (excluding external tanks) is 11.37 m2, of which the towers are 3.29 m2; frontal projection area is 6.18 m2, of which the towers are 2.63 m2. It’s worth considering that a significant part of the tower’s area is covered by a body kit that the devil would break his leg in.

Rice. 3 T-90A

For a long time, it was customary to primarily compare the T-90 with the American Abrams (Fig. 4). For comparison, the M1A1 version is taken. Hull length 7920 mm, width 3660 mm, length with forward gun 9830 mm, anti-aircraft machine gun height 2822 mm, turret roof height 2430 mm. The side projection area is 15.22 m2, of which the towers are 4.80 m2; frontal projection area is 7.56 m2, of which the towers are 3.42 m2.

Rice. 4 M1A1 Abrams

We can assume that Europe now has a single tank - German Leopard(Fig. 5). Hull length 7720 mm, width 3700 mm, length with gun forward 10300 mm (for tanks with L55 gun), sight height 3040 mm, turret roof height 2790 mm. The side projection area is 16.56 m2, of which the towers are 5.36 m2; The frontal projection area is 7.56 m2, of which the towers are 2.73 m2.

Rice. 5 Leopard 2A6

The French Leclerc (Fig. 6) is not as widespread as its German counterpart, but it is also a modern and dangerous car. Hull length 6880 mm, width 3710 mm, length with gun forward 9870 mm, sight height 2950 mm, turret roof height 2530 mm. The side projection area is 14.73 m2, of which the towers are 4.74 m2; frontal projection area is 7.12 m2, of which the towers are 2.78 m2.

Rice. 6 AMX-56 Leclerc

Another representative of European tank building is the English Challenger 2 (Fig. 7). Hull length 7400 mm, width 3520 mm, length with gun forward 10740 mm, sight height 2930 mm, turret roof height 2490 mm. The side projection area (excluding external tanks) is 15.16 m2, of which the towers are 4.87 m2; frontal projection area is 7.14 m2, of which the towers are 2.52 m2.

Rice. 7 Challenger 2

Based on the Leopard, Italy made their own car - the C1 Ariet (Fig. 8). Hull length 7590 mm, width 3800 mm, length with forward gun 9670 mm, machine gun height 2960 mm, turret roof height 2500 mm. The side projection area is 15.75 m2, of which the towers are 4.44 m2; frontal projection area is 8.42 m2, of which the towers are 3.12 m2.

Rice. 8 C1 Ariete

The most unusual modern tank is the Israeli Merkava Mk.4 (Fig. 9). Hull length 7800 mm, width 3720 mm, length with forward gun 8800 mm, machine gun height 3020 mm, turret roof height 2600 mm. The side projection area is 16.53 m2, of which the towers are 5.73 m2; The frontal projection area is 8.37 m2, of which the towers are 3.29 m2.

Rice. 9 Merkava Mk.4

As you can see, the T-14 has the largest dimensions among existing tanks, and the turret fits into the dimensions of Western vehicles. UVZ gives the weight of the Armata at 48 tons, which is within the limits of the T-90, which in the on-board projection is less than a third, which means either thin passive protection or deliberately false data about the tank.

Rice. 10 Silhouettes of the above tanks

I did not take tanks made in Eastern Europe based on the T-64, T-72 and T-80 for comparison. I couldn’t find projections of Asian tanks.

With the development of information technology, the doctrine of warfare has changed. The emphasis began to be placed not on massive strikes and concentrations of troops, but on tactical data exchange and the use of high-precision weapons.

Based on a similar concept, the United States developed the doctrine of network-centric warfare. Its key aspect is to coordinate the actions of units, exchange information in real time and effectively carry out strikes. The principles of this doctrine are adopted by other states, including Russia.

T-14 "Armata" (Armata) is a Russian main battle tank developed within the framework of the concept of network-centric warfare. Designed for action as part of a group, reconnaissance, adjustment and fire control. Significant emphasis is placed on the communication equipment of the machine.

History of development and generation of tanks

The history of the development of the Armata platform and tank is associated with the rivalry between the USA and the USSR in the creation of vehicles with uninhabited tower. The first drawings of such projects began to be developed in the 1980s. Later they were continued by several developments - objects 195, 640 and 299.

Despite the economic difficulties of the 90s, the Russian designer managed to create the first tank focused on conducting network-centric warfare. The development was based on the creation of the universal combat platform "Armata", work on which has been carried out since 2009.

For its design, the developments of previous experimental tanks and combat vehicles were used. The peculiarity of the new platform was its wide range of applications. The modular system made it possible to supplement it with the necessary weapons in accordance with the specifics of the order.

Taking into account the versatility of the platform, the T-14 Armata turret is made uninhabited with automated weapons control. The crew itself is completely moved to the control compartment in the bow of the hull.

This arrangement provided the crew with additional protection. This aspect solves two problems at the same time - it increases the efficiency of the crew, who feel their “invulnerability” and protects trained professionals, whose value has become equal to the cost of the tank itself.

Also, when developing the Armata tank, the increased importance of infantry formations armed with modern anti-tank missile systems was taken into account. In this context, the concept of a single tank is considered obsolete. In the new concept of combat, the emphasis is placed on tactical units of several combat vehicles.

Taking this factor into account, the universal platform “Armata” was created. The T-14 developed on its basis performs the function of reconnaissance and coordination of actions with other tactical level vehicles. This does not reduce the combat characteristics of the tank, but it changes the conditions for its use in battle.

The name of the platform and tank has nothing to do with the armada. The name of the first Russian cannons of the 14th century is based on the Latin root arma, translated as “weapon”.

First demonstration

The first prototypes of equipment on the Armata platform were presented in 2013 at the international exhibition Russia Arms Expo in Nizhny Tagil. Two years later, several variants of military equipment were shown at the Victory Parade on May 9, 2015. It was then that the T-14 was presented as a promising modern tank.

Design of the T-14 tank

The design of the T-14 tank has several key features that distinguish it from modern analogues. Taking into account the versatility of the platform and modular assembly, the layout of the machine has been changed. Greater emphasis is placed on automation of the warhead and crew safety. Taking these aspects into account, the design of the tank is built.

"Armata" is equipped with a tank information and control system (TIUS). It provides automated control of machine components and assemblies. Any malfunctions are reported to the crew. Also this system determines which breakdowns need to be repaired first.

Armored capsule and uninhabited tower

The main problem of many tanks was finding ammunition along with the crew. This created a threat of its death if it was hit by a cumulative projectile; in this case, even a technically sound tank would fail.

Development of automated feeding of projectiles into a gun was carried out in many countries. The difficulty was in supplying ammunition when changing the position of the turret and the angle of fire. Trial mechanisms have shown to be unreliable, which is why the crews of many foreign tanks still have a loader, although the ammunition itself is stored separately from the crew.

Russian developers managed to optimize this process, making it more reliable. Thanks to this, the middle part of the hull and the turret became uninhabited, and the ammunition was reliably isolated from the crew. The latter has been moved to the front with its own armor separating it from the rest of the tank.

The turret armor consists of two layers - the main protection and the anti-fragmentation casing. The latter protects the devices from bullets, shrapnel and high-explosive shells. It also provides the vehicle with radar stealth and protection against radiomagnetic pulses. Part of the gun's ammunition is stored in the rear of the turret. Additional power for the machine gun is also located here. All charging is automated.

The T-14 armored capsule provides reliable protection for the crew and electronic equipment from cumulative and fragmentation shells. Survival is also ensured in the event of detonation of ammunition or fuel tanks. They are also insulated with armored partitions and have knockable hatches that direct the force of the explosion away from the crew.

Phased array radar

Radar protection (radar) T-14 "Armata" is part of the "Afganit" system. Its key feature is the use of an active phased array radar (AFAR), made by analogy with developments for the Su-57 fighters. The technology is based on the use of low-temperature ceramics in the Ka-band 26.5-40 GHz (LTCC).

Structurally, the radar is placed on the tower in four panels, protected by a fragmentation shield. Their arrangement provides a 360-degree view without rotation. According to preliminary data, Armata is capable of detecting up to 40 ground and 25 air dynamic targets simultaneously.

The target detection radius is considered controversial. Sources indicate a coverage of 100 km. It is known that there was an attempt to reduce the radar power, but in the end it was decided to leave it as is. It was this aspect that predetermined the role of the T-14 in the tactical level - reconnaissance and target designation for firing by other vehicles.

In addition to the phased array radar, there are two radars for detecting targets at short ranges. Their work is focused on detecting projectiles and targets when the main radar is turned off.

Active protection "Afghanit"

The Afghanit active defense complex is a radar recognition of threats and targets. Includes the following features and functions:

automatic rotation of the turret towards the approaching projectile, which exposes the most protected frontal part to attack;
opening return fire to protect the vehicle and nearby equipment, controlling a machine gun to shoot incoming shells;
protection against electronic warfare and detection;
providing stealth camouflage due to thermal insulation of the body and reducing radar visibility;
creation of smoke-metal curtains to protect nearby infantry, including landing on the vehicle body, electronic destruction of incoming guided projectiles.

Given the range of the Afghanit radars, comprehensive protection is used both to repel threats and to coordinate and launch retaliatory strikes, including preventive measures. This aspect is relevant for actions as part of a tactical unit.

Layout

The T-14 "Armata" has a classic layout adjusted for crew accommodations. The design is divided into three parts:

in the front there is an armored capsule with three crew members and all equipment for controlling the vehicle;
the main ammunition is stored in the middle part, and the mechanism for feeding shells into the turret is also located here;
in the aft part there is traditionally an engine-transmission compartment with fuel tanks.

The uninhabited turret of the Armata tank communicates with its middle part. It has its own division; part of the ammunition is located in the rear part. The main radars, weapons, surveillance and guidance devices are also located here.

Protection

"Armata" has a combined complex protection in several levels. In addition to the Afghanit system, capable of repelling threats on approach, there is the Malachite complex. The operating principle of the latter is designed for the preemptive detonation of approaching projectiles.

Such a system protects the tank from armor-piercing shells, light RPG missiles and heavy anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM). Emphasis is also placed on protecting nearby infantry from ammunition detonation, as well as reducing the likelihood of blinding surveillance and targeting devices.

Passive protection of the T-14 hull is represented by the following elements:

frontal protection based on composite materials, according to unconfirmed data, is capable of withstanding hits from ATGMs with a caliber of up to 150 mm and armor-piercing finned sabot projectiles (BOPS) up to 120 mm;
internal armored fences isolating compartments in the event of hit and detonation of fuel tanks and ammunition.

Anti-cumulative screens are used primarily on the tower. They are also provided for fuel tanks, providing them with additional armor.

Mine protection

The Armata's mine protection is represented by two key aspects: a V-shaped armored bottom and remote mine detectors. The latter are connected to the remote mine destruction system. The explosion is carried out due to distortion of the tank's magnetic field.

The V-shaped bottom is complemented by energy-absorbing materials (closed-cell aluminum foam) and special mine-resistant seats. The design of the latter can significantly reduce the shock wave and the load on the crew from both explosions and movement on uneven surfaces.

Missile defense

The missile defense of the T-14 "Armata" is represented by three stages:

the Afghanit active protection complex ensures interception of projectiles, suppression of their control, and destruction;
dynamic protection "Malachite" ensures the reflection and destruction of projectiles of various calibers at close range;
The tank's own armor protects against hits from ammunition that has passed the first two levels.

Information about the tank’s ability to withstand hits from modern guided ammunition does not yet have accurate data. According to experts, the frontal armor of the vehicle, even without dynamic protection, cannot be penetrated by the best NATO ATGMs. Many Western analysts also believe that the Armata's armor is capable of withstanding hits from the most modern anti-tank shells.

Stealth technologies

The Armata's invisibility technology is represented by the following aspects:

heat-insulating coating of the body on the inside;
system for mixing exhaust gases with cold air;
flat reflective edges in the hull design reduce radar signature;
painting the tank reduces heating from the sun and ensures absorption of radar waves;
There is a magnetic field distortion system.

All these factors significantly reduce the radar, infrared and magnetic signature of the Armata. In a number of cases, the identification of the T-14 as a tank or combat vehicle is excluded.

Engine and transmission

The Armata is equipped with a twelve-cylinder X-shaped four-stroke diesel engine with a 12N360 turbocharger. The power of the power plant is switchable and can correspond to one of three indicators - 1200, 1500 or 1800 hp. With.

The use of a four-stroke engine improved fuel efficiency, which increased the march range without refueling. The engine life of the car has increased, it starts easier when low temperatures, less air is required for blowing, which reduces the infrared signature of the tank. If necessary, the engine can be replaced within 30 minutes.

The Armata gearbox is automatic, with the option of manual shifting. There are 16 gears in total, eight each for forward and reverse.

Crew

The crew of the T-14 "Armata" consists of three people: a commander, a driver and a gunner. All three are located in the front part, in an armored capsule. The design of the tank, its layout, external and internal protection provide a high probability of crew survival even in the event of the loss of the vehicle itself.

Suspension

The Armata tank uses active suspension, which provides it with a significant advantage over previous generations of vehicles. Unlike uncontrolled hydropneumatic and torsion bar suspensions, the active one, due to sensors, takes into account uneven terrain and independently commands the suspension system to vertically shift the rollers.

This principle of operation allows the machine to adapt to uneven terrain. Accordingly, the smooth running of the tank is ensured, speed is maintained, and the accuracy of target designation and shooting in motion is increased.

Maximum speed

The Armata tank, given its weight, is capable of reaching a speed of 80-90 km/h on the highway, and has a cruising range of 500 km. On rough terrain, the speed is reduced to 45-60 km/h. The power reserve in this case depends on the soil and the complexity of the terrain.

Dimensions and weight

The technical characteristics of the Armata tank in terms of dimensions have the following indicators:

body length - 8.7 m;
total length with the gun facing forward - 10.8 m;
body width - 3.5 m;
height - 2.7 m;
track width - 2.8 m.

The weight of the Armata tank in tons is 48-55 tons, information varies from different sources. The specific pressure on the ground, taking into account the mass, is 0.775 kilograms per cubic centimeter.

Armament

Despite the concept of using the T-14 for reconnaissance and coordination of a tank unit, the Armata’s own weapons correspond to the parameters of a main battle tank. The following aspects are highlighted in this issue:

125 mm gun 2A82-1M;
machine guns "Kord" and PKTM.

The guns and machine guns are guided by a fire control system (FCS). The ballistic computer makes the necessary calculations using the following parameters:

determining the tank’s own position using the GLONASS receiver and inertial navigation system;
gyroscopic calculation of the tank’s position based on its angular orientation in space;
calculation of wind direction and speed;
determination of air temperature and humidity;
taking into account barrel curvature during heating.

All sensors are located on the roof of the tank. Taken together, the system allows you to automatically calculate the necessary parameters. Many experts agree that this operating principle makes weapons control more similar to computer game, rather than actually controlling a combat vehicle.

Smoothbore 125 mm gun 2A82-1M

Armata tanks are equipped with 2A82-1M smoothbore guns with a caliber of 125 mm. Their range is 7 km, rate of fire is 10-12 rounds per minute. In terms of technical characteristics, such guns are superior to the best NATO tank guns by 17% in muzzle energy and 20% in accuracy.

The supply of ammunition is automatic. It is possible to load the gun with projectiles a meter long, which allows the use of high-power sub-caliber armor-piercing ammunition. The gun's total ammunition capacity is 45 rounds, but its staffing has not yet been approved.

If necessary, 2A83 guns of 152 mm caliber can be installed on Armata tanks. This weapon has the ability to penetrate armor with the equivalent of up to 1000 mm, which significantly exceeds the protection modern tanks NATO. Given the power of such a gun, there is no need for armor-piercing shells - the kinetic energy of the fired ammunition is enough to tear off the entire turret of any tank.

Taking into account this factor, the installation of these guns is still considered inappropriate. This makes the T-14 upgradeable if necessary to enhance the firepower of a tank unit. The probable reduction in the ammunition capacity of the new gun is also taken into account - to increase it it is planned to use a turret niche.

Reflex-M missiles

In addition to standard tank shells, the T-14 can hit targets with Reflex-M solid-fuel anti-tank guided missiles. They are capable of hitting almost any highly protected surface, ground and low-flying targets.

The charge of these missiles is carried out according to a tandem scheme. The leading part is designed to overcome the dynamic protection of the target. The main charge is aimed at penetrating armor and directly defeating vehicles or pillboxes. The projectile's flight path is a helical line.

If necessary, the tank can use a variant of the rocket with a thermobaric warhead. Such shells are designed to destroy enemy personnel, engineering structures and lightly armored vehicles.

PKTM machine gun

The Kalashnikov tank modernized machine gun (PKTM) on the T-14 is paired with a gun. Caliber - 7.62 mm. There is no information yet about the ammunition load. Designed primarily to engage infantry and lightly armored targets.

Machine gun "Kord" for destroying enemy shells and missiles

The Kord machine gun plays a role anti-aircraft installation tank and its air defense. Integrated with active tank protection. It has its own robotic turret, thermal imagers and AFAR radar, thanks to which it is capable of hitting even high-speed targets at a distance of 1.5 kilometers. Designed primarily to destroy shells and missiles.

Advantages and disadvantages

Taking into account the design and performance characteristics of the T-14, the following advantages of the new tank are highlighted:

crew protection, improved protection of the vehicle itself and its components;
high firepower, firing accuracy;
high speed and smooth ride on rough terrain, taking into account how much the tank weighs;
invisibility of the machine for various detection methods;
high range of detection and destruction of targets;
a resource for further modernization of the tank, including increasing firepower.

Many characteristics and indicators remain unconfirmed or classified. However, the available data confirms the exceptional position of the Armata among modern tanks. At the same time, attention is also paid to the shortcomings of the T-14.

The main questions are raised by the decision to transfer the crew to an armored capsule. This increases its security, but does not allow visibility from the tower. Accordingly, the role of optical technology increases, which creates special requirements for its protection from damage and blinding.

Another disadvantage is the cost of a new tank. Even in mass production, its assembly costs about 250-350 million rubles, which casts doubt mass release such tanks for the army, as well as the likelihood of their production for export.

Despite the inconsistency and inaccuracy of a number of aspects, the project is assessed positively. Western military analysts point to the design understanding of Russian developers of the modern concept of combat operations. The creation of the Armata demonstrates a transition from the quantity of equipment used to the quality combat capability of small tactical groups.

Comparison of Armata with other tanks

Comparing the T-14 with modern tanks, Western experts agree that the Armata belongs to the next generation. There are a number of advantages and developments that are combined for the first time in the design of one machine.

Thus, the Israeli Merkava tank also has an AFAR radar capable of calculating the position of a shot based on an approaching projectile. However, the latter does not have the ability to reflect ammunition, and its frontal armor is weaker. Taking into account the location of the engine in the front part of the hull, penetration of the frontal protection is almost guaranteed to disable such a vehicle.

British experts also express concerns about the ability of their own vehicles to engage in confrontation with the Armata. The current Challenger 2 is not capable of penetrating the armor of the T-14, which requires its urgent replacement.

The German Ministry of Defense put forward a similar assessment of Armata. According to his assessment, Leopard-2 is not capable of penetrating the armor of the T-14. Based on this aspect, a Franco-German concern was created to jointly develop a new modern tank.

Chinese developers are confident that their VT-4 is superior to the Armata, although they point to the better transmission of the T-14. At the same time, the government is considering the possibility of purchasing Russian tanks.

There are no official statements from the United States, however, according to experts and various news publications, the American Abrams is also inferior to the Armata in a number of parameters. An opinion is expressed about its modernization and its ability to be the first to detect the enemy, which increases its chances of survival.

Participation in exercises

The Armata tank has not yet taken part in large-scale exercises or combat operations. Since December 31, 2018, it has been undergoing state tests. Taking into account its cost, the initial purchase orders of the Russian Ministry of Defense were reduced. So far we are talking about assembling 132 vehicles, which include the T-15 infantry fighting vehicle.

Despite the absence of exercises using the T-14, the performance characteristics and design features of the Armata today form new requirements for next-generation tanks:

on rough terrain must be maintained good speed and accuracy of mobile shooting;
AFAR radar for detecting threats is becoming a mandatory attribute of modern technology;
the tank must be equipped with stealth technologies to reduce visibility, including creating jamming and dynamically changing signatures;
previous smoke screens are not capable of hiding a vehicle in the infrared and radar range, which requires the creation of new opaque multispectral screens;
the active protection of the tank must be able to defeat guided missiles and armor-piercing sub-caliber projectiles;
the anti-aircraft machine gun is also becoming obsolete, instead the emphasis is shifting in favor of robotic installations capable of knocking down objects high speed movements;
the tank's armament should include electromagnetic means of combat, at least against guided missiles;
the frontal armor of the tank must correspond to an equivalent thickness of 1000 mm;
the vehicle's reactive armor must repel attacks from hand-held grenade launchers and heavy anti-tank missiles with tandem warheads;
To significantly damage a tank, it is no longer enough to break through its turret; a significant impact force is required;
ammunition designed to damage the crew with shrapnel becomes ineffective in the presence of an armored capsule.

In the context of such descriptions and requirements put forward by the development and testing of the T-14, it is expected that other states will actively begin to develop new generation tanks. Whether "Armata" will remain competitive after the appearance of analogues in other countries - time will tell.

If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them

I think it’s still too early to evaluate or analyze anything about the newest Russian T-14 tank. Therefore, for now I’ll just post all his currently available photos in one place.

Judging by appearance, the car is somewhat different from the previously discussed concepts. Something like this was expected:

and even this:

In practice, the car turned out to be somewhat different:

In terms of physical dimensions, the T-14 “Armata” is somewhat longer and taller, if we count according to the maximum dimensions.

For reference, the performance characteristics of the main modern tanks are as follows

However, if you look at the really significant parameters, for example, comparing the height of the tower, then the Armata turned out to be only 30 cm higher than the Abrams. Which is hardly that fundamentally important, given the firing ranges of modern weapons.

The overall layout of the vehicle also generally coincided with forecasts. Something like this was expected:

In reality it turned out to be very similar:

The engine compartment is at the rear, the armored capsule with the crew is at the front. True, the presence of only two hatches suggests that the tank’s crew size has been reduced to two people. Theoretically, it is possible to place another crew member between the commander and the mechanic. But do not forget that he needs a place not just to sit, but also space to place equipment “for working”. So, the presence of the volume required for the third crew member in the armored capsule raises some doubts. However, combining the functionality of a tank commander and a gunner in one person... doesn’t look like it either the right decision. This was convincingly demonstrated by WWII. It is unlikely that the designers decided to ignore this experience. So it's worth waiting for more information here.

As for the tower, it is truly completely uninhabited.

Judging by the absence of standard places for attaching any external additional elements on the turret armor, their installation “in the field” is not provided. However, it is too early to draw conclusions from this fact.

Firstly, the uninhabitability of the tower sharply reduces the requirements for the minimum armor volume. This means, relatively speaking, it can all be one large solid piece of metal. This includes the installation of some protective elements behind external decorative covers. In the end, the design of the sides clearly indicates the presence of remote sensing there.

Secondly, we should not exclude the possibility of an attempt to deliberately mislead. It is quite obvious that this demonstration of the newest Russian tank has attracted the extremely close attention of all intelligence services of “our potential conditional friends.” Those. The turrets of production vehicles will look slightly different. Although, I emphasize, this is just an assumption. More precisely, one of the possible options. It is worth collecting more data to make final conclusions.

An excellent, in my opinion, general analysis of the currently available facts about the design of the T-14 “Armata” was carried out on the “Military Industrial Complex News” website in the article “Tank T-14 “Armata” or T-99 “Priority”. I recommend reading it. There's a lot of interesting stuff there. Here I will allow myself to quote only a few selected passages.

Armor

New armor steel grade 44S-sv-Sh will be used on the new Russian Armata tank. The steel was created by specialists from OJSC Research Institute of Steel.

Sample of steel 44S-sv-Sh 25 mm thick after successful tests armor-piercing bullet B32 of 12.7 mm caliber Photo: JSC "Research Institute of Steel"

The use of this steel on the promising Armata platform will make it possible to “remove” hundreds of kilograms of weight from the vehicle, where it will also be used not only for armor purposes, but also as a structural material.

Although the hardness of steel is no less than 54HRC, its plastic characteristics remain at the level of serial steels with a hardness of 45-48HRC. It is this combination that makes it possible to reduce the thickness and, accordingly, the weight of armored structures made of new steel by 15% without reducing the protective characteristics and survivability at low temperatures.

Power point

The power plant is a single 1200-horsepower diesel turbopiston engine A-85-3A (sometimes designated as 2A12-3, 12CHN15/16 or 12N360) for front- and rear-mounted MTO. Motor life is at least 2000 hours. Weight up to 5 tons. MTU volume up to 4 m3. There is a possibility of modernization. In terms of size, weight and power characteristics, the new product should surpass the best foreign models of engine-transmission units. It should be noted that the rated engine power is 1500 hp, up to 1200 hp. a restriction was introduced, which significantly increased the service life.

Technical characteristics of the A-85-3A (12N360) engine for the promising Russian Armata platform:

Engine type - four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and intermediate air cooling.

Mixture formation system - direct fuel injection

Engine power without resistance at inlet and outlet, kW (hp) - 1103 (1500)

Rotation speed, s-1 (rpm) - 33.3 (2000)

Torque reserve,% - 25

Specific fuel consumption, g/kW*h (g/hp*h) - 217.9 (160)

Weight, kg - 1550

Specific power, kW/kg (hp/kg) - 0.74 (1.0)

Overall power, kW/kg (hp/kg) - 1026 (1395)

Specific gravity, kg/kW - 1.32

Length, mm - 813

Width, mm - 1300

Height, mm - 820

The 12N360 engine is a fully developed engine, not a bench engine at all, it was exactly the same one that was installed on our promising tanks (object 195), which underwent State tests not so long ago. In terms of the power plant, the testing was completed successfully; the engine had no complaints - despite the fact that the tests were very tough.

Gun

Based on reports of the refusal to bring the T-95 tank with a 152-mm cannon to production, it can be argued that the new vehicle is planned to be equipped with a standard main 125-mm gun

Until recently, the main domestic guns were versions of the well-known 2A46M tank gun. The latest modification, 2A46M-5, has a 15-20% higher firing accuracy, and the total dispersion when firing on the move has decreased by 1.7 times. Thanks to modifications, the gun acquired the ability to fire new armor-piercing sub-caliber projectiles of increased power.

The best Western gun is currently considered to be the 120-mm L 55 smoothbore gun with a 55-caliber barrel of the Leopard-2A6 tank. Compared to the old 120 mm L-44 smoothbore gun, the L-55 barrel length has been increased by 130 cm.

The DM -53 and DM -63 shells used on this gun have very high armor penetration characteristics. And this despite the fact that, unlike American ammunition, the Germans do not use depleted uranium as a core material.

Of course, when creating a Russian main battle tank based on a heavy unified platform great attention focused on ensuring high firepower performance.

In the 2000s, a new 125 mm tank gun, the 2A82, was created in Russia. By the fall of 2006, 787, 613 and 554 rounds had been fired from the prototype and two prototypes at Plant No. 9, respectively.

The system, with an auto-bonded and partially chrome-plated barrel, is capable of firing both existing and future ammunition. In terms of technical level, it surpasses all existing tank guns by 1.2-1.25 times.

The muzzle energy of the 2A82 cannon is 1.17 times greater than the best NATO gun - the 120-mm system of the Leopard-2A6 tank, while the length of the tube of our gun is 60 cm shorter.

Fastening of the trunnion clips in the turret using a reverse wedge has been introduced. The rear support of the sliding parts is located in the frame part of the cradle. The neck of the cradle is extended by 160 mm. In the neck of the cradle, the rigidity of which has been increased, there are two additional backlash selecting devices. Both guide cradles are made as prisms.

These measures made it possible to reduce the average technical dispersion for all types of projectiles by 15% compared to the table values.

They decided to modernize the 2A82 gun for the Armata, lengthening the barrel by a whole meter - up to 7 m. To automatically take into account the bending of the barrel bore, a reflector of the bending metering device (BUD) is mounted on the muzzle of the barrel tube.

Digital signal processing adopted in the device ensures the measurement of the necessary parameters of the barrel in a wide range of interference and operational influences. The received data is issued as corrections to the ballistic computer, which improves shooting accuracy.

"Armata" will fire both projectiles of various types (high-explosive fragmentation, armor-piercing sub-caliber, cumulative), and surface-to-surface guided missiles with optical-electronic, infrared and satellite guidance, as well as anti-aircraft missiles surface-to-air class. In fact, this is not a tank, but a universal attack vehicle of the ground forces, which includes a full-fledged tactical missile system, an anti-aircraft air defense system, an army reconnaissance and target designation complex and, in fact, a tank.

Fire control system

Sighting complex:

The main gunner's sight is multi-channel with sighting and thermal imaging channels, a laser rangefinder, and a built-in laser control channel.

Magnification of the viewing channel, magnification - 4; 12.

Recognition range of a “tank” type target through the sighting channel, m - up to 5000.

Recognition range of a “tank” type target through the TP channel, m, at least 3500.

The maximum range measured by the rangefinder, m - 7500.

The commander's sight is a combined panoramic sight with television and thermal imaging channels, and a laser rangefinder.

Recognition range of a “tank” type target via a TV channel, m up to 5000.

Recognition range of a “tank” type target at night through the TP channel, m not less than 3500.

Double sight with dependent aiming line.

Tank target recognition range, m:

during the day no less than 2000,

at twilight at least 1000.

Ballistic computer with a set of weather and topographic sensors and an electronic digital barrel bending sensor

The ability to automatically track targets is provided independently from the gunner's position and from the commander's position with the implementation of the “hunter - shooter” mode.

An improved two-plane weapon stabilizer with an electromechanical GN drive and an electrohydraulic VN.

The promising Armata tank will be equipped with radars of the same technology as the fifth-generation T-50 fighter. According to the terms of reference of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Armata will receive Ka-band radars (26.5-40 GHz) based on an active phased array antenna (AFAR), made using low-temperature ceramic technology.

The case is stuffed with video cameras. They allow the crew to observe the 360-degree environment around the tank. If required, zoom is activated, and a distant object can be seen in detail. Thermal and infrared vision capabilities are available in all weather conditions, day and night.

An active phased array antenna consists of many cells—microwave transmitters. Such an antenna is capable of quickly changing the location direction (no need to mechanical movement“dishes” of the locator) and is highly reliable - failure of one element does not lead to a significant drop in power and distortion of the beam. Such a radar in armored vehicles will be indispensable in solving both defensive and offensive tasks. There are two options for its use - as part of a fire control system or as an active protection complex. It includes an antenna that detects weapons approaching the tank. AFAR will determine the coordinates and parameters of such a threat, and the tank will destroy these targets.

The system is capable of simultaneously “tracking” up to 40 dynamic and up to 25 aerodynamic targets - a completely unattainable indicator for all radars in service with other armies. The system will control an area within a radius of up to 100 kilometers and will be able to automatically destroy targets in this area up to 0.3 meters in size.

Performance characteristics of the promising Russian tank “Armata”

Armored crew capsule - yes

Main weapon mm. - 125 (2A82)

Gun ammunition in pcs. - 45

Automatic loader pcs. - 32

Combat rate of fire in min. - 10-12

Target detection range m - over 5000

Target engagement range m. - 7000-8000

Fire in motion - yes

Commander's panoramic sight - yes

All-round cameras - yes

Aiming and fire control system - yes

Combat control and navigation system - yes

Thermal imager - yes

Mine protection - active

Active protection - Afghanit

Dynamic protection - yes

Engine hp - 1200-2000

Engine replacement hour. - 0.5

Additional power point- There is

Maximum weight t. - 48

Maximum speed km/h - 80-90

Power reserve km. - over 500

Length mm. -

Width mm. -

Height mm. -

Crew - 3

Number of road wheels, pcs. - 7

Armor resistance mm. - over 900

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