What kind of faith do Hindus have? Religion in India

What is the religion in India? Is there Orthodox churches? How religious are the people of India?

There are many questions, but not many answers.

If you ask a tourist what religion is in India, most likely they will answer you that it is Buddhism.

Although this is not always the case. All world faiths are represented here - Buddhism, Christianity, Islam.

Moreover, the people of India are Indians, not Hindus.

A Hindu is a follower of Hinduism.

Indian is a resident of the country India.

A Buddhist can be Indian, but he cannot be Hindu.

In addition, India hasSikhs and Jains, of whom few have heard. When it comes to churches and temples, India has a wide variety of them. And this, of course, was influenced by Portuguese colonization.

Take Kerala for example.

It has both traditional Indian temples and the Church of St. Francis, as well as an entire Jewish district with a synagogue and a Muslim mosque.

As for the religiosity of Indians, with a population of more than a billion people, only less than one percent do not associate themselves with religions. At the same time, religion for an Indian is a natural feeling, and not an obligation imposed by tradition. In addition to Hinduism, there are other national religions, such as Jainism and Sikhism.

Parsis also live here - this is the name given to the descendants of Zoroastrians who came to India from Iran about a thousand years ago and settled in the area of modern Gujarat.

There is also a Jewish community in India, formed as a result of several waves of emigration. In remote rural areas far from cities, archaic tribal cults are also still alive.

In general, in Indian languages there is no word for religion in the usual sense, that is, as something that connects a person with God, and the concept of God is also not always present or coincides with ours.

The Sanskrit term corresponds to the Western concept of religion dharma, which comes from the Indo-European root dhar meaning "to support". Thus, dharma is what the world, society, a person rests on, what gives support in life.

Depending on the context dharma is usually translated as “rule, norm, religious duty, law, obligation, principles, truth” etc. Most often, dharma means a set of rules, primarily ritual ones, the strict observance of which is the main condition for maintaining the necessary order. Important for this religion is the concept karma, which is usually interpreted as the law of moral retribution - retribution or the law of cause-and-effect dependence. A person who does not observe dharma deserves, according to the law of karma, a worse rebirth, and one who accumulates dharma as a religious virtue ensures a better rebirth in the future.

Another important concept samsara- this is the mortal world of the finite and transitory, the wheel of alternating births and deaths, in which we rotate like a squirrel until we get rid of the hardships of worldly existence and achieve spiritual liberation - moksha or nirvana, that is, the final exit from this tightening cycle. Complete spiritual liberation is proclaimed the highest human ideal.

This is how diverse India is...

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India is a country with a unique, unusual interesting culture and their own original beliefs. It is unlikely that in any other state - with the possible exception of ancient Egypt and Greece - there is such a huge number of myths, scriptures and traditions. Some researchers consider this peninsula to be the cradle of humanity. Others suggest that this country is one of the main heirs to the culture of the Aryan peoples who came here from the lost Arctida. India - Vedism - was later transformed into Hinduism, which still exists today.

History of India in Brief

The ancient tribes inhabiting the Hindustan Peninsula switched from gathering and hunting to settled agriculture around 6-7 thousand BC. e. By the end of the 3rd millennium, a highly developed culture of urban-type settlements was already emerging in these territories.

Modern scientists call it “Harappan”. This civilization existed for almost a millennium. The ancient Indian Harappan cities had well-developed crafts and a wealthy merchant class. What happened to this culture is unknown. Some researchers suggest that a large-scale catastrophe occurred, others believe that the rich cities of this period for some reason simply went bankrupt and were abandoned.

Subsequently, Muslim dynasties ruled in India for a long time. In 1526, these territories were conquered by Khan Babur, after which India became part of a huge empire. This state was abolished only in 1858 by the English colonialists.

History of religion

Over the centuries, this country has successively replaced each other:

Vedic religion of Ancient India.
Hinduism. Today this religion is the dominant one in India. More than 80% of the country's population is its adherents.
Buddhism. Nowadays it is confessed by part of the population.

Early beliefs

Vedism is the oldest religion of Ancient India. Some scientists suggest that it appeared in this country some time after the disappearance of the huge, prosperous ancient state of Arctida. Of course, this is far from the official version, but it is actually very interesting and explains a lot. According to this hypothesis, once upon a time, for unknown reasons, the earth's axis shifted. As a result, the climate has changed greatly. In Arctida, located either at the North Pole or in modern subpolar continental regions, it became very cold. Therefore, the Aryans who inhabited it were forced to migrate towards the equator. Some of them went to the Middle and Southern Urals, building observatory cities here, and then to the Middle East. The other part moved through Scandinavia and the third branch took part in the formation of Indian culture and religion, reaching Southeast Asia and subsequently mixing with the indigenous inhabitants of these places - the Dravidians.

Basic concept

In fact, Vedism - the oldest religion of ancient India - is the initial stage of Hinduism. It was not widespread throughout the country, but only in part of it - in Uttar and Eastern Punjab. According to the official version, it was here that Vedism originated. The adherents of this religion were characterized by the deification of all nature as a whole, as well as its parts and some social phenomena. There was no clear hierarchy of gods in Vedism. The world was divided into three main parts - earth, sky and an intermediate sphere - antarizhna (compare with the Slavic Reality, Navya and Pravya). Each of these worlds corresponded to certain gods. The main creator, Purusha, was also revered.

Veda

About what the most old religion Ancient India, we talked briefly. Next, we will understand what the Vedas are - its fundamental scripture.

On at the moment this book is one of the oldest sacred works. It is believed that for thousands of years the Vedas were transmitted only orally - from teacher to student. About five thousand years ago, part of them was written down by the sage Vyasadeva. This book, which today is actually considered the Vedas, is divided into four parts (turiya) - “Rigveda”, “Samaveda”, “Yajurveda” and “Atharvaveda”.

This work contains mantras and hymns, written in verse and serving as a guide for Indian clergy (rules for conducting weddings, funerals and other ceremonies). It also contains spells designed to heal people and perform various kinds of magical rituals. The mythology and religion of Ancient India are closely related. For example, in addition to the Vedas there are Puranas. They describe the history of the creation of the universe, as well as the genealogy of Indian kings and heroes.

The emergence of Hindu beliefs

Over time, the oldest religion of Ancient India - Vedism - is transformed into modern Hinduism. This was, apparently, mainly due to the gradual increase in influence on social life Brahmin caste. In the renewed religion, a clear hierarchy of gods is established. The Creator comes to the fore. The trinity appears - Brahma-Vishnu-Shiva. Brahma plays the role of creator social laws, and in particular the initiator of the division of society into varnas. Vishnu is revered as the main protector, and Shiva as the destroyer god. Gradually, two directions appeared in Hinduism. Vaishnavism speaks of eight descents of Vishnu to earth. One of the avatars is considered to be Krishna, the other is Buddha. Representatives of the second direction - the cult of Shiva - especially reverence the god of destruction, considering him at the same time the patron of fertility and livestock.

Hinduism began to play the role of the dominant religion in India since the Middle Ages. It remains so to this day. Representatives of this religion believe that it is impossible to become a Hindu. They can only be born. That is, varna (the social role of a person) is something that is given and predetermined by the gods, and therefore cannot be changed.

Varnashrama-dharna social system

Thus, another ancient religion of Ancient India - Hinduism, became the heir to many traditions and rituals of previous beliefs. In particular, the division of Indian society into varnas arose during the time of Vedism. In addition to the four social groups (brahmanas, kshtariyas, vaishyas and sudras), according to this religion, there are four ways of human spiritual life. The stage of learning is called Brahmacharya, social and family life - Grihastha, subsequent withdrawal from the worldly - Vanaprastha and the final stage of life with final enlightenment - Sannyasa.

Whoever created the varnasrama-dharna, such an orderly way of life is still preserved in the world. In any country there are priests (brahmanas), administrators and military men (kshtariyas), businessmen (vaishyas) and workers (sudras). Such a division makes it possible to streamline social life and create the most comfortable living conditions for people with the opportunity to develop and improve themselves.

Unfortunately, in India itself, varnasrama-dharna has been greatly degraded by our time. The rigid division into castes (and depending on birth) that exists here today contradicts the basic concept of this teaching about the need for human spiritual growth.

Religion of Ancient India in brief: the emergence of Buddhism

This is another very common belief on the peninsula. Buddhism is one of the most unusual religions in the world. The fact is that, unlike Christianity, the founder of this cult is a completely historical person. The creator of this currently quite widespread teaching (and not only in India), Sidgartha Shanyamuni, was born in 563 in the city of Lumbene into a kshtariya family. They began to call him Buddha after he achieved enlightenment at the age of 40.

Religion has always viewed deity not as a punitive or merciful force, but as a role model, a kind of “beacon” of self-development. Buddhism completely abandoned the idea of the creation of the world by some Creator. Adherents of this religion believe that a person can only rely on himself personally, and suffering is not sent to him from above, but is the result of his own mistakes and the inability to give up worldly desires. However, like the earlier Indian religions discussed above, Buddhism contains the idea of salvation, that is, the achievement of nirvana.

Interaction with Western culture

For Europeans, the culture and religion of Ancient India remained a sealed secret for a long time. The beginning of the interaction between these two completely different worlds was established only at the end of the century before last. Celebrities such as Nicholas and Helena Roerich and others made their invaluable contribution to this process.

Today one of the concerns about India is widely known. The famous soothsayer believed that the world would soon return to ancient teaching. And it will come precisely from India. New books will be written about it, and it will spread throughout the Earth.

Who knows, perhaps the ancient religion of India will indeed become the basis of future new beliefs. The “Fire Bible,” as Vanga predicts, “will cover the Earth with white color,” thanks to which people will be saved. May be, we're talking about even about the famous work written by the Roerichs - Agni Yoga. "Agni" translated means "Fire".

Culture of Ancient India

Religion and culture of Ancient India are closely interconnected phenomena. The otherworldly mystical world of the gods is almost always present in the works of Indian artists, sculptors and even architects. Even in our time, masters strive to bring deep content, a certain vision of inner truth, into each of their works, not to mention the ancient craftsmen.

Unfortunately, very few ancient Indian paintings and frescoes have reached us. But in this country there is simply a huge number of ancient sculptures of historical value and architectural monuments. Look, for example, at the huge Ellora Caves with the magnificent Kailasa Temple in the center. Here you can also see the majestic statues of the divine Trimurti Brahma-Vishnu-Shiva.

So, we have found out that the oldest religion of Ancient India is Vedism. Hinduism and Buddhism that emerged later are its development and continuation. Religious beliefs in India had a tremendous impact not only on culture, but also social life generally. In our time, this country still remains incredibly interesting, original, original and unlike any other state in the world.

India– a country with a mysterious and incomprehensible culture for most Europeans. The culture of this country has always been inextricably linked with its religion. Approximately 80% (about 850 million people) of the population here professes Hinduism - the most widespread and ancient religion in Asia. Period from III-II centuries. BC e. to VIII-VI centuries. BC e. Those basic components were formed from which the worldview system of Hinduism subsequently grew.

The entire subsequent culture of India was formed around this system. Hinduism still preserves the laws and foundations of life established since ancient times, bringing into modern times traditions and customs that arose at the dawn of history.

The article is quite interesting... but it should be noted that it was written

adherent Krishna…

Hinduism (Vedism)

The national religion of India is Hinduism. The name of the religion comes from the name of the Indus River, on which the country is located. This name was introduced by the British. The Hindus themselves call their religion SANATANA DHARMA (maintaining the eternal Divine order). This word refers to the eternal activities of the eternal living entities in relationship with the eternal Supreme Lord.

Sanatana-dharma, as already stated, are called the eternal duties of a living being. Explaining the meaning of the word sanatana, Sripada Ramanujacharya said that sanatana- this is “that which has neither beginning nor end.”

The meaning of the word "religion" is somewhat different from the concept sanatana-dharma. The word “religion” carries the idea of faith, and faith, as you know, can be changed. Some of us may believe in one way today, and tomorrow stop believing in it and start believing in something else. Meanwhile sanatana-dharma called an activity that cannot be changed. For example, the fact that it is liquid cannot be taken away from water, just as heat cannot be separated from fire. Similarly, the eternal living entity cannot be deprived of his eternal activities. Something that has neither beginning nor end cannot be something sectarian, because it cannot be limited by any boundaries. Those who are themselves members of a sect may mistakenly believe sanatana-dharma sect, however, having studied this issue quite deeply and considered it from the standpoint modern science, we will see that sanatana-dharma- this is the responsibility of all people in the world, or rather, all living beings in the universe.

Any faith that does not belong to the category sanatana, can be found in the annals of world history, while sanatana-dharma has no historical beginning, because it remains eternally with a living being. It is stated in the authoritative sastras that the living entity is never born and never dies. A living being is eternal and indestructible; it continues to exist even after the death of the mortal material body. Explaining the concept sanatana-dharma, we must try to understand the meaning of this word (sometimes translated as "religion") from the meaning of its Sanskrit root. Dharma is a quality that is eternally inherent in an object. It is known that heat and light are attributes of fire; fire devoid of heat and light is not fire. Similarly, we must identify the essential quality of a living being that is inseparable from it. This quality must be eternally inherent in a living being. This is what constitutes his eternal religion.

When Sanatana Gosvami asked Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu about svarupe(one's own form, nature, character) of a living entity, the Lord replied that svarupa, or the original position of a living entity, is service to the Supreme Personality of Godhead. After analyzing this statement of Lord Caitanya, we will see that every living entity is constantly serving someone. One living being always serves others - in different ways, in different qualities, receiving pleasure from it. Animals serve people as servants serve their masters, A serves master B, B serves master C, who, in turn, serves master D, and so on. We see how friends serve each other, how a mother serves her son, a wife serves her husband, a husband serves his wife, and so on endlessly. Continuing this observation, we will be convinced that all living beings, without exception, serve someone. Politicians present their programs to voters in an effort to convince them of their ability to serve, and voters cast their votes in the hope that politicians will serve the public well. The seller serves the buyer, and the worker serves the capitalist. The capitalist serves the family, and the family serves the state. Thus, there is not a single living being that does not serve others, and it is safe to conclude that service is the eternal attribute and eternal religion of all living beings.

Nevertheless, people claim to belong to one faith or another, depending on time, place and circumstances, and therefore declare themselves to be Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Buddhists or members of some other sect. All these names have nothing to do with sanatana-dharma. A Hindu, having changed his faith, can become a Muslim, a Muslim can become a Hindu, and a Christian can become something else. But under any circumstances, a change of faith does not in any way affect the eternal activity of a living being in serving others. Whether we are Hindus, Muslims or Christians, we are always serving someone. Thus, declaring himself an adherent of this or that faith, a person is not talking about sanatana-dharma. Sanatana-dharma everyone is service.

Actually, we are all related to the Supreme Lord in a service relationship. We cannot be happy on our own, just as no part of our body can be happy without the cooperation of the stomach. A living entity cannot experience happiness unless he engages in transcendental loving service to the Supreme Lord.

Main directions of Hinduism:

- Advaita Vedanta(Smartism) is an ancient Brahminical tradition reformed by Shankara in the ninth century. Smarta (smartist) is a follower of classical smriti, especially Dharma Shastras, Puranas and Itihasas. Smartists revere the Vedas and respect the Agamas.
- Shaivism- a tradition of worshiping Lord Shiva. Shaivism is widely practiced throughout India and abroad, especially in Nepal and Sri Lanka.

- Shaktism- this is one of the three main directions in Hinduism, along with Vaishnavism and Shaivism, the core of which is the cult of the Mother Goddess, the feminine principle, personified in the guise of various Hindu Goddesses and, above all, the wife of Shiva, known under the names of Devi, Kali, Durga, Parvati et al.

- Vaishnavism (Vaishnavism), one of the two main (along with Shaivism) directions of Hinduism, which is based on the cult of Vishnu and the Gods associated with him (primarily Krishna and Rama). Vishnu and his avatars are benevolent deities associated with folk solar fertility cults. Vaishnavism is widespread mainly in Northern India. In Vaishnavism already in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. a monotheistic tendency emerged and the doctrine was created bhakti - personal love and devotion to God. Preacher bhakti- South Indian philosopher and religious reformer Ramanuja (died 1137) founded the Sri Vaishnava school, which is still the largest of the Vaishnava schools.

All branches of Vaishnavism are distinguished by their commitment to monotheism. The beliefs and practices of this tradition, especially the core concepts of bhakti and bhakti yoga, are based on puranic texts such as the Bhagavad Gita, Vishnu Purana, Padma Purana and Bhagavata Purana.

- Saura- worship of the Sun God Surya. The main fans of God Surya on planet Earth are the Japanese :)

- Ganapatya- Hindu religious tradition worship of Ganesha (God of prosperity and wisdom). The cult of Ganesha for many Hindus complements the worship of other deities.

Sometimes you can hear that there are 33 million Gods in India, but this number often includes many names of the same God or Goddess - for example, Vishnu is known by a thousand names, and a prayer to him is considered to be listing these names out loud or silently. In addition, there are deities associated with Vishnu, not to mention Shiva and his wife, and this creates the impression of the presence of millions of Gods.

On the streets they sell many icons, brightly printed images of these same divine incarnations of Vishnu. One of these incarnations of Vishnu, namely Krishna, became the most popular. The cult of Krishna, as it were, emerged as an independent religion, occupying one of the leading places within Hinduism. The names of Rama and Krishna in India are associated with the appearance of outstanding works of literature: Rama is the hero of the ancient epic poem "Ramayana", and many lyrical poems and songs are dedicated to Krishna, some of which, along with the "Ramayana", are included in the treasures of world literature.

Jainism

The founder of Jainism is considered to be the Kshatriya Vardhamana, who lived in the 6th century. BC Until the age of 30, he led the life of a layman, and then left the world and wandered for many years. Having achieved the highest knowledge and received the title of Mahavir Jina, which means “great hero,” he preached the new faith for many years, converting many disciples to it. Throughout many years his teachings were transmitted in oral tradition, but in the 4th or 3rd century. BC At the All-Jain Council in the city of Patalipura, an attempt was made to create a written canon. This attempt ended with the Jains splitting into two groups: digambars(clothed with light) and Shvetambara(dressed in white). The differences between these schools affected some elements of ritual, the living conditions of believers and the community as a whole, but agreement remained on the main issues.

The core of the Jain creed is the self-improvement of the soul - jivas to achieve moksha(liberation).

This can be achieved by a representative of any caste, not just a Brahman, if he follows certain conditions. The task of every Jain striving for liberation comes down to getting rid of karma as a sticky base, along with which all the coarse matter stuck to it, prone to a constant cycle of existence, disappears. To complete this task, the following conditions are required:

Belief in the truth of the doctrine;
- perfect knowledge;
- righteous life.

Jain vows

In fulfilling the last condition, members of the Jain community took upon themselves five basic vows:
* do not harm living things (the so-called principle ahimsa, which all Indians adhered to, but the Jains followed it especially strictly);
*do not commit adultery;
*do not acquire (read Non-covetous and Josephites);
*be sincere and pious in speech.

To these obligatory ones were added additional vows and restrictions, leading to a reduction in pleasures and pleasures in life.

The monk is careful not to accidentally crush any small animal; he is limited in food, eats no more than twice a day, and lives by alms; extreme form asceticism is refusal of food, starvation. The additional vows are quite sophisticated: absolute silence for many years; exposure to cold or sun; standing for many years. U digambars zeal and asceticism reached extreme limits. They had to eat food every other day, walk completely naked (dressed in light); When moving, sweep the ground with a fan, cover your mouth with a piece of gauze so as not to accidentally swallow an insect, etc.

The Jain community in India is famous for the construction of many unique architectural and interior decoration temples. In the first centuries of our era, Jainism declined, although a small and closed community of Jains survives to this day.

Buddhism

According to legend, in the same 6th century, the son of the ruler of a small principality, Siddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha Shakyamuni (623-544 BC), gained “enlightenment” and called for self-improvement of the soul: “ Awaken your soul and develop your self" Buddha's sermons penetrated to the most remote corners of Asia. Buddhism advocated the equality of people by birth, which attracted to its side not only representatives of the third estate, but also kshatriya warriors. To the Buddhist community called sangha, representatives of all were allowed varna.

At the center of Buddhism lies the doctrine of four noble truths»:

there is suffering, there is the cause of suffering, there is liberation from suffering and there is a path to liberation from suffering.

The path to liberation is divided into eight steps, the passage of which leads to the destruction of ignorance and attachments, enlightens the mind, generates equanimity and tranquility, which stops suffering. A new birth becomes impossible, thereby achieving eternal bliss (nirvana). In early Buddhism, only a hermit monk could count on such salvation.

Layman subject to compliance 5 moral principles:

- abstaining from causing harm to ALL (!) living beings (ahimsa)(the first Christian commandment - DO NOT KILL! ANY LIVING CREATURE!),

- from lies,
- theft,
- sensual excesses,
- drinking alcohol

could only hope for a better rebirth.

The promotion of Buddhism began under Emperor Ashoka. From the very beginning, Buddhism was not a homogeneous phenomenon; there was always a struggle between schools and movements. The most ancient movement is Hinayana(“small vehicle”), or monastic Buddhism, where the main importance is the efforts of the individual striving to free himself from the bonds of rebirth ( samsara) and achieve final salvation (nirvana) through many intermediate incarnations. Another trend was Mahayana(“big chariot”) Basic position Mahayana is that not only a hermit monk can be saved, but also any layman who has observed vows of spiritual perfection, resorted to the help of monks and bestowed gifts on them. For a number of reasons, Buddhism was unable to gain a foothold in India and was forced to give way to Hinduism. There are now just over 6 million Buddhists in India.

Sikhism

It arose in India in the 16th century as a protest of small traders, artisans and peasants against the caste system and feudal oppression. Founder of Sikhism Guru Nanak recognized one God, and all the world around us considered a manifestation higher power creator Nanak opposed the fanaticism and intolerance of Muslim rulers, as well as the complex ritual and caste discrimination in Hinduism. The fifth guru (there were 10 in total), Arjun, compiled the Granth (the holy book of the Sikhs), in which he included hymns of Hindu and Muslim saints, as well as the writings of Sikh gurus, mainly Guru Nanak. Govind Singh, tenth guru (1675-1708), turned the Sikh community into a military fraternity and named it Khalsa (pure). In order to distinguish themselves among Hindus and Muslims, Sikhs began to strictly observe the principle of the “five Kas”: never cut their hair (kesh), comb it with a special comb (kangh), wear special kind underwear (kachha), wear a steel bracelet (kara) on your wrist and always carry a dagger (kirpan). At present this principle is observed only by orthodox Sikhs. All Sikh men add the special prefix "Singh" ("lion") to their name. Women can add the prefix "kaur" ("lioness") to their name.

The term “Sikh” originates from the Sanskrit term “Shishya” - follower, novice. The total number of Sikhs in India is about 17 million.

They perform religious services in their temples (gurudwaras), which are located throughout the northern regions of the country. There is no image of God in Sikh temples. The worship ceremony boils down to the reading of the Guru Granth Sahib. The highest shrine for Sikhs is the Golden Temple in Amritsar.

Zoroastrianism

During times ancient empire Persian Zoroastrianism was the main religion of Western Asia and, in the form of Mithraism, spread across the vast expanses of the Roman Empire all the way to Britain. After the Muslim conquest of Iran, some Zoroastrians left their homeland and settled in India. It is believed that their first group landed near the city of Diu in 766, and subsequently they settled in the land of Sanjana (Gujarat). Since their ancestors came from Persia, Zoroastrians in India began to call themselves Parsi.

Now their number in the world does not exceed 130 thousand people. If we exclude from this number about 10 thousand Zoroastrians living in Iran, then almost all the rest live in India, with the majority in Mumbai. The Parsis played an important role in making Mumbai a business and prosperous port city. Despite their extreme small numbers, they occupy an important place in trade and industry. The ritual practice of the Parsis is characterized by the veneration of the 4 elements of the Universe - water, fire, earth and air. This is where the special funeral rite of the Parsis comes from: the bodies of the dead are placed on the tiers of a special tower (dakma), which is popularly called the “tower of silence,” where they are eaten by vultures. Thus, the “pure” elements of the elements do not come into contact with the “unclean” corpse.

An eternal flame burns constantly in Parsi temples. Doesn't remind you of anything? 🙂

Islam, Christianity

India, home to about 130 million Muslims, has the second largest Muslim population in the world. The majority of Indian Muslims are Sunni, about 20% are Shia. In addition, there are individual sects (for example, Ahmadis), as well as established communities - Bohras, Ismailis, Kashmiri Muslims, Memons, Moplahs, etc.

Islam How religion in India began to spread after the 12th century, from the time of the expansion of campaigns against this country by the feudal rulers of the neighboring states of Iran and Afghanistan, and subsequently the countries of Central Asia. Seizing part of the lands of India, the new rulers often resorted to a technique that was attractive to many Indian poor people, declaring that everyone who converted to Islam, abandoning Hinduism, was completely or substantially exempt from paying taxes. This gradually led to the “rebaptism” of ordinary citizens of the country into the new faith, while representatives of the nobility sometimes accepted Islam for reasons of establishing friendship and patronage from new foreign rulers. Indian Muslims, being largely converts from adherents of Hinduism, to this day retain the memory of the former faith, and many attend Hindu holidays and adhere to some old customs (just like the “Orthodox” Slavs celebrate Maslenitsa and Ivan Kupala!). Islam in India is associated with the spread of Muslim art styles, the construction of world-famous mosques and palaces, the production of pile carpets, the production of patterned enameled metal utensils and some other artistic products. The distribution of Muslims across the states of India is extremely uneven, but in the southern states their numbers are significantly lower than in the northern and northwestern ones.

Christianity, according to legend, reached India with the arrival there of the Apostle Thomas, who is credited with creating the Syriac christian church in the south of the country. The term “Syriac” arose because the liturgy and scriptures in Aramaic, or Syriac, are used in worship. In the 16th century, with the arrival of the Portuguese colonialists, the process began violent(as indeed everywhere it appeared!) “Christianization” of Indians, carried out under the auspices of the papacy for several centuries. Since the 18th century in India activates the activities of Protestant missionaries both from Europe and the USA. Now in India there are about 20 million Christians of various denominations - Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox, etc.

Judaism

The first contacts of followers of Judaism with the inhabitants of the Malabar coast of India (now the state of Kerala) date back to 973 BC. Even then, merchants from King Solomon’s trading ships purchased spices and other goods from the local population. Scholars claim that shortly after the Babylonians captured Judea in 586 BC, the Jews settled at Cranganore on the Malabar Coast. In India, Judaism is practiced mainly in the states of Kerala and Maharashtra, although representatives of this religion can be found in other parts of the country.
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Almost all people living in India are deeply religious. Religion for Indians is a way of life, an everyday, special way of life.
India is the most multinational country, where, at the same time, many religious movements and spiritual movements coexist in a small territory, such as Hindus - 83% of the population, Muslims constitute the largest religious minority - 11%, 2.2% - Sikhs, 2% - Christians , only 0.7% are Buddhists, most of whom converted to Buddhism quite recently.

India is Hinduism. The name of the religion comes from the name of the Indus River, on which the country is located. This name was introduced by the British. The Hindus themselves call their religion sanatana dharma, which can be translated as eternal order, eternal law. There are more than 700 million followers of Hinduism. They also live in other countries of South Asia, especially in Nepal. The formation of Hinduism took place over a long period of time and went through several stages of development. One of the first religious systems in India was Vedism.

Vedism

The formation of Hinduism has a rich history. The first religions of India arose as a result of the synthesis of several ethnocultural components. In the IV-III millennium BC. On the territory of India, in the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, a developed civilization had already developed. The discovery of this civilization occurred only in the 20th century, and there is still a lot of mystery in it. However, it can already be said that elements of the beliefs of the peoples who inhabited these cities were included in later religious systems. So, buffalo kulyp, which can be judged from surviving prints, also exists in modern India. The cults of some trees have also been preserved. Presumably, the nature of the ritual was orgastic in form with a strong element of eroticism, with exciting singing and dancing.

Veda

The main system-forming factor of the Indian religion was the religion of the ancients Aryans, which in the 2nd millennium BC. began to penetrate into Indian territory. The Aryans were fair-skinned and fair-haired people, and the local tribes Dravidians And proto-Dravidians had blue-black skin color. The ancient Aryans were pagans who deified and spiritualized animals, plants, and natural phenomena. The main religious action was the ritual of sacrifice, including human sacrifice. All complex religious practice was gradually reduced to canonical, sacred texts - Veda. There are four in total:

Rigveda- a collection of hymns to the gods;
Yajurveda- a collection of sacrificial formulas;
Herself-Veda- a collection of sacrificial chants;
Atharvaveda- a collection of spells and spells.

Later the Vedas were supplemented brahmins containing explanations and interpretations of the Vedas, Aranyakami - instructions for hermits, Upanishads - reflections, teachings about the structure of the world, the essence of man and the meaning of ritual. Based on all these texts, one can get an idea of Vedic.

Gods of Vedism

In the Vedas you can find mention of many gods. Most of the hymns are dedicated Indra - the god of thunderstorms, rain, the young king of the gods. Indra plays a key role in the Vedic pantheon. He made the transition from chaos to order possible by defeating a huge snake Vritra, personifying the primordial chaos. In general, the pantheon of gods does not lend itself to unambiguous systematization. The origin of most gods is associated with the deification of the cosmos, nature and natural phenomena. God Dyaus - sky god, Prithivi- goddess of the earth, Agni- god of fire, Soma- god of the sacrificial drink, Miter- a god who monitors order and compliance with the contract. The Vedas contain myths about the creation of the world, relationships between gods, the influence of gods on people’s lives, etc.

Since the Aryans were a nomadic people, rituals (primarily sacrifices) were performed under open air at specially selected and prepared sites. Many rituals were associated with the king, his birth, and initiation into the kingdom. Was widespread ancestor cult, which were thought to exist eternally in some indefinite place, which means that the ancient Aryans did not yet have the idea of the transmigration of souls. The rituals were performed by priests - brahmins.

As it developed, its structure became more complex, and the influence of local beliefs changed, the religion of Vedism also changed. Brahmanism becomes a new stage in development.

Brahmanism

Castes in Brahmanism

At the stage of development of Brahmanism, the idea of the first man appears Purusha, which gives rise to all people and all living things on earth. The legend of Purushu anchors the emerging caste system in India. She talks about a certain cosmic entity that sacrifices itself, as a result of which the world and its parts arise. From different parts of Purushu's body came people belonging to different castes(from Portuguese - “pure”) - estates. These classes are isolated; they should not communicate with each other. From the mouth of Purushu arose the highest caste - brahmins(priests, experts sacred texts), from the shoulders - kshatriyas(warriors and rulers), from the thighs - vaishyas(farmers, traders), from the feet - Shudras(servants, dependent people). There was also an even lower layer called untouchable. Members of the first three castes, considered the highest, upon reaching maturity, underwent a rite of passage and were called "twice-born" In relation to them, the doctrine of human responsibilities in different periods life (varna-ashrama-dharma). In childhood, a person leads the life of a student, then he must marry and become an exemplary housewife; Having raised children, he must leave home and lead the life of a monk, hermit-sannyasin. In Brahmanism, the concept of Brahmana- the impersonal Absolute, the essence, basis and cause of the world, as well as Atman - the individual, spiritual principle in a person, his innermost essence, identical to Brahman and striving to merge with him. Gradually the idea of the circulation of existence arises - samsara, about rebirths - incarnations individual soul into ever new bodily shells, oh karma - the law determining the next birth, about mokshe - the ideal to which every soul should strive, which consists in getting rid of rebirths and incarnations.

However, in Brahmanism there was too strict a caste division, in which only representatives of the highest caste - the Brahmans - could deal with religious and mystical problems. In this regard, and also as a result further development societies, religious movements appear that proclaim more democratic orders and are in opposition to official Brahmanism. These movements primarily included Jainism and Buddhism. But Buddhism was soon pushed out of India and became, and Jainism, due to its characteristics, never became widespread and remained a national religion, not very popular, but very influential.

Jainism

The founder of Jainism is considered to be a Kshatriya. Vardhamana, who lived in the 6th century. BC Until the age of 30, he led the life of a layman, and then left the world and wandered for many years. Having achieved the highest knowledge and received the title Mahavira Jina, which means “great hero,” he preached a new faith for many years, converting many disciples to it. For many years his teachings were transmitted in oral tradition, but in the 4th or 3rd centuries. BC At the All-Jain Council in the city of Patalipura, an attempt was made to create a written canon. This attempt ended with the Jains splitting into two groups: digambars(clothed with light) and Shvetambara(dressed in white). The differences between these schools affected some elements of ritual, the living conditions of believers and the community as a whole, but agreement remained on the main issues.

The core of the Jain creed is the self-improvement of the soul - jivas to achieve moksha. This can be achieved by a representative of any caste, not just a Brahman, if he follows certain conditions. The task of every Jain striving for liberation comes down to getting rid of karma as a sticky base, along with which all the coarse matter stuck to it, prone to a constant cycle of existence, disappears. To complete this task, the following conditions are required:

faith into the truth of doctrine;
perfect knowledge;
righteous life.

Jain vows

In fulfilling the last condition, members of the Jain community took upon themselves five basic vows:

do not harm living things(the so-called principle ahimsa, which all Hindus adhered to, but the Jains followed it especially strictly);
do not commit adultery;
not to acquire;
be sincere and pious in speech.

To these obligatory ones were added additional vows and restrictions, leading to a reduction in pleasures and pleasures in life.

A special layer among the Jains were ascetic monks, who completely broke with normal life and, as it were, became a standard for all others. Any Jain could become a monk, but not everyone could withstand the hardships of this path. The monks had no property, they did not have the right to stay in one place for more than 3-4 weeks, except during the rainy season. The monk is careful not to accidentally crush any small animal; he is limited in food, eats no more than twice a day, and lives by alms; The extreme form of asceticism is refusal of food, death by starvation. The additional vows are quite sophisticated: absolute silence for many years; exposure to cold or sun; standing for many years. Among the Digambaras, zeal and asceticism reached extreme limits. They had to eat food every other day, walk completely naked (dressed in light); When moving, sweep the ground with a fan, cover your mouth with a piece of gauze so as not to accidentally swallow an insect, etc.

The extreme demands of Jainism limited the spread of this movement in India. Neither farmers, nor artisans or warriors could be Jains, since due to the nature of their activities they could not observe the principle of ahimsa. Only the intelligentsia and financial circles of society became devout Jains. This explains the fact that Jainism, the number of followers of which never exceeded 1% of the population of India, nevertheless played an important role in its history.

Hinduism

Gradually, the influence of religious movements opposed to Brahmanism became weaker and a religious situation began to form in India, which is most accurately expressed in the concept of “Hinduism.” Hinduism can be defined not only as the religion of the Hindus, but also as a way of life that includes the entire sum life principles and norms, social and ethical values, beliefs and ideas, rituals and cults, myths and legends, everyday life and holidays. Hinduism is tolerant of anyone appearing on Indian soil. He easily assimilates any faith, making its gods incarnations of the gods of Hinduism. However, Hinduism is still based on beliefs coming from Vedism and Brahmanism. Hinduism does not have a clear ecclesiastical organization like those found in the West; it relies on the caste system of society, which is sometimes called the cornerstone of Hinduism.

Gods in Hinduism

Gradually, an idea emerges in Hinduism Trimurti- Hindu triad of main gods - Brahma, Shiva And Vishnu. Each god performs its own function. Brahma is considered the creator of the world, Vishnu is its protector, and Shiva destroys the world at the end of each time cycle. The cult significance of Brahma is insignificant. There are only two temples dedicated to him in all of India. Vishnu and Shiva are extremely popular and form two powerful currents, called Vaishnavism and Shaivism.

At the core Vaishnavism lies the cult of the god Vishnu and those associated with him Krishna And Frames. Based on analysis Indian mythology we can conclude that thanks to Vishnu, the synthesis of the created world, its structure and integrity is achieved. The four-armed Vishnu is usually depicted reclining on a thousand-headed dragon floating on the primeval waters of the universe. Sheshe. When Vishnu wakes up, a lotus grows from his navel, with Brahma sitting in the corolla. The mythology of Vishnu includes the idea of avatars - his periodic appearances in the world in the guise of an animal or a man. Each such appearance of Vishnu is associated with specific function, which he must fulfill to save people. Human incarnation first occurred in the form of Prince Rama, then Krishna, Buddha, etc. Vaishnavites also revere his wife Lakshmi. The cult of Lakshmi is associated with the cults of fertility and animals. Hindus themselves revere Lakshmi as the goddess of luck and prosperity and a loving consort.

From the 11th century The intensive development of Vaishnavism begins, which is largely due to the popularity of the images of Rama and Krishna - avatars of Vishnu.

Frame - hero of the ancient Indian epic "Ramayana". This epic took shape in completed, written form several centuries BC and became one of the foundations of Indian culture. The Ramayana is a favorite poem of Indians, telling about love and loyalty, honor and observance of customs. It is not surprising that its hero Rama was deified in the minds of the people as one of the incarnations of the god Vishnu.

Krishnaism- a branch of Hinduism, which, without breaking ties with it, acquired independent significance. Krishna - ancient deity. His name means "black" and indicates that he is an aboriginal deity in origin. The first mention of the god Krishna appears in " Mahabharata" - another famous epic poem of India. Especially great value for understanding the teachings of Vaishnavism there is a chapter of the poem called "Bhagavad-gita", which means "divine song".

In the 60s of the XX century. in the USA thanks to the activities of an Indian preacher Swami Brahhupada society emerges " Krishna Consciousness", which quickly gained great popularity. Soon branches of this society appeared in Europe, and then in Russia. Currently, the society is active in many cities of Russia, including Novorossiysk. Thus, one of the directions of the national religion of Hinduism is spreading throughout the world.

Shaivism

Shaivism is based on the cult of Shiva, widespread mainly in South and East India. The cult of Shiva contains elements dating back to pre-Aryan antiquity (power over animals, worship of the linga, practice of yoga). The Vedic prototype of Shiva is Rudra, the god of thunder and thunderstorms. This god brought terror and corruption to people. One of Rudra's epithets was Shiva (Benevolent), used for the purpose of appeasement. Rudra was understood by the ancient Aryans as the embodiment wildlife, its elemental destructive power; at the same time, it was a force that one could rely on and resort to for protection.

Shaivism as a cult system developed, in all likelihood, in the 1st-1st centuries. BC At the same time, sculptural images of Shiva appear, the formation of his iconographic appearance is completed: flowing hair with a crescent in which the Ganges River flows, a tiger skin on his hips, snakes and a necklace of skulls on his neck, a third forehead eye, the fire of which incinerated the god of love Kamu. The number of hands can be up to ten. The image and mythology of Shiva is formed in its main features in the Mahabharata. In general, this image is multifaceted and contradictory. One of the most important attributes of Shiva is lingam, which became the main object of worship in Shaivism. In temples, the number of stone lingams sometimes reaches several hundred. Combination of lingam and yoni(male and female) - also a typical composition in Shaivite sanctuaries.

Shiva is an exemplary family man. His wife Parvati- daughter of the king of the Himalayas, sons - Ganesha with an elephant's head and Skanda- leader of the army of the gods. In the development of Shaivism, Shiva’s wife personifies the female hypostasis of the energy of God - shakti, on the basis of which a special cult arose - Shaktism. Numerous fertility goddesses have also become the embodiment of this energy, the most popular of which are Durga And Kali. Shakti is a spiritual energy that manifests itself under special circumstances and is closely intertwined with the male life-giving force of Shiva.

Play a big role in the life of Indians brahmins or priests. Their authority is unquestioned. They are engaged in worship, taking care of the temple, and doing theoretical work. However, along with the Brahmins, there are also sorcerers, especially in rural areas. Widespread pronunciation mantra(prayers) to which supernatural power is attributed.

Numerous holidays and rituals in which a huge number of people take part give Hinduism a special uniqueness. These can be mass pilgrimages to holy places or grandiose ritual and dramatic events associated with popular ancient Indian heroes, a festival of lamps lit in honor of the goddess Lakshmi, holidays in honor of the goddess Saraswati and many others.

There are many family holidays and rituals: wedding, birth of a son, presenting a cord to a young man for the “twice-born,” funeral. In India, there are sacred places where the dead are burned and the charred remains are drowned in the river. For ten days the family wears mourning - a piece of white cloth or white clothes. For a long time a custom practiced in India sati, according to which the widow must ascend to her husband’s funeral pyre in order to also be burned. If she did not do this, it was considered a disgrace not only for her, but also for the entire family. There has been a struggle against this custom in India for many years. Until now, the caste system plays a big role here, determining the life and fate of a person.

What the article is about:

— What faith is professed in India in percentage terms? Features of the Hindu faith. Which common features faiths of Hindus and world religions. Vaishnavism and Shaivism are the main faiths of India. The process of creation of universes. Jesus Christ about the transmigration of souls (reincarnation) in the faith of Hindus in India. Vegetarianism in India. Basics, essence, description. L

In India, 80% of Hindus are Hinduism. The second common religion is Islam with about 13% followers. Originated and exist in India Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism . 2% of the population profess Christianity. Also associated with India Judaism and Zoroastrianism ; In the country, these religions have several tens of thousands of followers.

(Data from Wikipedia).

Table of religion in India in percentage as of 2001

Religion	Population	Percent %
All	1,028,610,328	100,00 %
Hinduism	827,578,868	80,456 %
Islam	138,188,240	13,434 %
Christianity	24,080,016	2,341 %
Sikhism	19,215,730	1,868 %
Buddhism	7,955,207	0,773 %
Jainism	4,225,053	0,411 %
Other	6,639,626	0,645 %
Beyond religion	727,588	0,07 %

Faith in India.

Faith in India occupies a special position among Hindus. In total, less than 0.07% of the Indian population has no faith. This is only 720 thousand people from India's more than one billion population (according to 2001 data). The population of India in 2017 is about 1 billion 340 million 54 thousand people.

Hindu religion

According to 2001 data, the majority of Hindus in India profess Hinduism: 827,578,868 people. This constitutes more than 80 percent of India's total population. The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to the denomination Vaishnavism and Shaivism (will be discussed in more detail below) .

What are the beliefs of Hindus, features, differences.

The Western world, after becoming acquainted with the culture and faith of India, became aware of such methods of self-knowledge as meditation, special breathing exercises, yogic asanas. All this is part of the path of spiritual development, and is intended to calm the mind and control the senses. And yoga exercises are also for maintaining physical health. But all this is just the first step on the path of spiritual development. Meditation is intended for - perfect comprehension of your spiritual “I” (spiritual essence). What ultimately allows the yogi to get out of his physical body- without waiting for natural death, and subsequent transfer to - other spheres of existence, or merging with the impersonal radiance of the Almighty (Brahman). Or - transfer to the material - “paradise” planetary systems of our universe, with a highly developed civilization, and incarnation there in a new physical body. (More details about the planets of “hell”, material “heavenly” planets are described in the article on the site:

This is a difficult branch of faith in India, which is called Jainism. The path of spiritual development itself is called “jnana yoga” (or also known as “jnana yoga”). This is the philosophical path of understanding the all-pervading Brahman - the energy of the Supreme. Successful lesson This type of spiritual development involves complete renunciation of material sensual pleasures, a renounced lifestyle, and constant engagement in meditative knowledge of eternal spiritual existence. For a person who lives in modern society, such a path of advancement in spiritual self-knowledge is impossible. And yet, following the modern fashion for oriental innovations, many people practice meditation and yoga without even understanding the ultimate essence of this activity. The maximum effect from such activities (without complete renunciation of the world and everything “worldly”) will be only calming the mind and relative control of one’s emotions.

By the way, “jnains” are also mentioned in the holy scripture about the journey of Jesus Christ to
And this apocrypha, not included in the canonical scriptures, tells about the journey of Jesus Christ to India and Tibet:

«… At the age of fourteen, young Issa, blessed by God, crossed to the other bank of the Indus and settled with the Aryans, in a country blessed by God.
2. The fame of the miraculous youth spread into the depths of the northern Indus; when he traveled through the country of Punjab and Rajputana, the worshipers of the god Jaina asked him to settle with them.
3. But he left the misguided worshipers of Jaina and stopped at Juggernath, in the country of Orsis, where the mortal remains of Viassa-Krishna rest and there the white priests of Brahma gave him a warm welcome.”

Here is an episode from the scriptures of ancient India:

The Supreme Lord said: “...Jnana Yoga (in other words “ jnana yoga") - the path of philosophical reflection - is intended for those who have an aversion to material life, and therefore are not attached to ordinary activities performed for the sake of enjoying its fruits. Those who are not averse to material life and who still have many material desires should go to perfection through karma yoga.

Those who are fortunate enough to have faith in hearing about Me (the Supreme) and chanting My glories, and who have neither aversion nor attraction to material life, should follow the path of love and devotion to Me and thus achieve perfection.” Srimad-Bhagavatam, 11.20.6-8 ( It is recommended to study after reading - )

What is the main faith in India?

According to 2001 data, the majority of Hindus in India practice Hinduism: 827,578,868 people. This constitutes more than eighty percent of the total population of India. The vast majority of Hindus in India belong to the denomination Vaishnavism and Shaivism.

Vaishnavism and Shaivism, it is that faith of the Hindus in India which represents an achievement in consciousness - constant loving devotion to the Supreme.

The difference between Vaishnavism and Saivism is the form in which the Supreme is worshiped. Vaishnavas (“Vaishnavism”) and Shaivites (“Shaivism”).

“In the worldview of Shaivite ascetics, the key role is played by complete rejection of the world and dedication to achieving liberation from the cycle of samsara (rebirth into material body) . While Vaisnavas prefer to remain involved in the society of non-sadhus, rendering service to society out of compassion« (Wikipedia).

Here we should understand from the moment of creation of the material universe and the entire material world. In the Vedic scriptures, creation is described in the most detailed way.

At the very beginning of the creation of the material world, the Supreme ( "Vishnu") takes the form Karanodakasayi Vishnu, or - “MAHA VISHNU” (“Chief Vishnu”). All universes emanate from this form of the Supreme.

Then the Supreme takes many forms Garbhodakasayi Vishnu. In these forms, the Supreme One enters into every universe.

Then, this form of the Supreme Garbhodakasayi Vishnu - generates- Brahma. Brahma this is the first powerful being in the universe. He is engaged in the secondary creation of the universe. Brahma is the direct creator of the universe. When Vishnu does not have a suitable jiva (soul) for such a responsible post, then Vishnu (the Supreme) Himself plays the role of Brahma.

Brahma gives birth - Shiva ("Siva" - among the ancient Slavs). Another one of several names Shiva - "Rudra".

If Brahma is the secondary creator of the universe, Vishnu supports the entire universe with His all-pervading energy, then Shiva, when the time comes, destroys the universe. And after a certain period, the creation of the universe occurs - again.

In fact, Vishnu and Shiva are two forms of manifestation of the Supreme. It is difficult for you and me, with the human way of thinking, to understand how the Supreme Personality of Godhead can simultaneously enter every universe and manifest Himself in different forms- simultaneously. An analogy with fire can help in understanding the almighty spread of the Almighty in many forms. From one source of fire (for example, a candle) you can light many different sources of fire. And the fire remains the same - fire. Its properties and qualities during its distribution in different sources- do not change. If fire has this kind of property of immutability, then the Almighty Supreme Being can all the more preserve His omnipotent qualities, spreading Himself in several forms of manifestation.

One must think of the Almighty as the Almighty Supreme Being, the Supreme Mind. And accept knowledge about Him as it is, without trying to analyze it with our imperfect “three-dimensional” thinking. Therefore, for successful advancement along the path of spiritual development, the faith and religion of India provides for a more specific focus on one of the forms of manifestation of the Almighty: among the Shaivites, the form of manifestation is - Shiva, and among the Vaishnavas (“Vishnavism”), respectively, on the form - Vishnu ("The Most High" in Vedic Slavic culture (faith), later - the Almighty).

There is a description of Vishnu and Shiva in the scriptures. In particular, there is a special practice of yoga, when the yogi meditates on the form of Vishnu located in his heart (as in the heart of every living being). With sufficiently long and successful meditation, such a yogi acquires superhuman abilities. But in order to engage in such spiritual practice, you need to completely renounce material things, pleasures, accept celibacy (celibacy), and only then will you have a chance to achieve certain results.

For a person who lives in modern society and does not intend to spend his life in complete renunciation of the material world, the path suitable for successful spiritual development is devoted loving service to the Almighty. At the final level of this principle, a person does everything for the sake of serving the Almighty (in various options possible for him). This path of spiritual development is realized in their spiritual practice by Vaishnavas, or devotees of Vishnu (the Almighty). This spiritual practice is called “bhakti yoga” (“devoted loving service to the Supreme”). This type of faith and corresponding spiritual practice is not only practiced in India, and not only by Hindus. Over the past few decades, this trend has gained great development in Western countries, better known as “Hare Krishnas.” Krishna- this is one of the names of the Almighty (God).

« The President of India congratulates believers on the 40th anniversary of the arrival of the Spiritual Teacher
Srila Prabhupada to Moscow:

Holy Scripture published on our website (“Song of God”). This scripture describes all the main paths of spiritual development. If anyone aspires to, or is simply interested in, eternal spiritual knowledge, I highly recommend reading it. Actually, this article and this entire site appeared only because its creator several years ago had great luck - read , WHICH IS RECOGNIZED AS THE QUINTESSENCE, THE ESSENCE OF ALL VEDIC WISDOM!

That's what he said about world famous writer Leo Tolstoy:

I firmly believe in the basic principle of the Bhagavad-gita, and always try to remember it and be guided by it in my actions, and also to speak about it to those who ask my opinion and reflect it in my writings.” (Leo Tolstoy).

You can read more about the spiritual direction - “Vaishnavism” in the article:

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Features of the Hindu faith. Common beliefs of India with world religions.

Beliefs in India differ in that the sacred scriptures, which underlie Hindu beliefs, provide the most information about the creation of the universe and life on other planets. The Indian scriptures describe the forms and incarnations of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The ancient Vedas provide information about the size of atoms, the time of origin, structure and time of destruction of our universe. The process of formation of the human fetus in the womb during its development is accurately described. Indian Vedas are considered sacred scriptures — « Apaurusheya”, i.e. scriptures, the source of knowledge in which is - not of earthly origin. And the information contained in them confirms this.

Thus, the Hindu faith is based on knowledge in a variety of material and transcendental (spiritual) fields.

The faith of Hindus in India is based on the recognition (faith) in - One God - the Supreme, or "Vishnu", ("Vyshny" - in ancient Slavic). The Hindu belief in many gods is based on knowledge and understanding of the existence of powerful beings of our universe who live on other planets (planetary systems). But God Himself, the Primary Source of all things, is recognized in the Hindu faith as One, as in other monotheistic religions and faiths.

The sacred scriptures of India are presented in the ancient language - Sanskrit. More than 90% of modern languages come from Sanskrit. For example: English word "man"- Human. According to Indian scriptures, the progenitor of humanity is - Manu. “Smayanti” (Sanskrit) - smile (English) - smile; matta (Sanskrit) – mad (English) – crazy. And these are just a few of many similar words.

But most of all, there are similarities between ancient Sanskrit and the Russian language. Brother(Russian) – bratri (Sanskrit); alive– jiva; door– dvara; mother– matri; winter- hima; snow– sneha; swim- floating; darkness– tama; father-in-law– svakar; uncle– dada; fool– durra; honey– madhu; bear– madhuveda; nice– priyah; sastra, astra(Sanskrit) – sharp, weapon (Russian). By the way, the word “FAITH” itself also comes from Sanskrit words: "BE" — "Know", know", And "RA" — "radiate", or “radiating knowledge” (source).”

Similarities ancient language Sanskrit with the Russian language is explained by the fact that the Vedic civilization existed on the territory of Eurasia for many millennia.

In the faith of Hindus in India, the Supreme One God has many names.

From one of the names of God: “Vishnu” comes - “The Most High” (“Vyshny” in ancient Slavic). From one of the names of God - “Bhagavan”, the word “God” is derived. Another name for the Supreme God among Hindus is “Govinda”. "GO" - "cow". “Patron of cows”, since the cow is considered by Hindus in India to be a sacred animal, in fact, a second mother, because it feeds a person with its milk. On behalf of the Almighty God " Go Vinda" ("Patron of cows") comes from the same root word - " Go d ", and the word - " Go bless (God). Modern word — "beef" - also comes from the name of the Almighty - "Govinda" — "Patron of Cows" .

This is how we disposed of our ancient Vedic heritage, calling in the name of the Almighty- a piece of the corpse of an animal patronized by the Almighty Himself!

There are a lot of geographical names from the Sanskrit language: Varna (city in Bulgaria); Kama; Kryshneva; Khareva; Soma; Kalka; Moksha; Nara – rivers in Russia; Arya– cities in the Nizhny Novgorod and Yekaterinburg regions. Chita , the exact translation from Sanskrit is “to comprehend, understand, know.”

All this confirms the established fact that for many millennia, in most of the territory of modern Eurasia, there was a Vedic civilization. By the way, the ancient Slavic Vedas reflect the same knowledge as the Vedas of ancient India. And this emphasizes one culture and faith that was on the mainland.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, a sacred scripture was discovered in one of the Tibetan monasteries, which, after its translation, was called "TIBETAN GOSPEL". It told the story of the journey of young Issa at the age of 14 from Judea to India. IN "TIBETAN GOSPEL" it tells about the life of Saint Issa up to the age of 29 (precisely the period that was not covered in the canonical Christian writings). Here are some excerpts from this scripture:

….he left the misguided worshipers of Jaina and stopped at Juggernath, in the country of Orsis, where the mortal remains of Viassa-Krishna rest (-sage, author and editor-compiler of many deeply ancient and extensive monuments - the Vedas, Puranas, the philosophical system of Vedanta, as well as the famous epic "Mahabharata". The Mahabharata contains one of the most important books of Hinduism., , which is recognized as the essence of all Vedic wisdom! Published on our website - n Rome. admin),

...and there the white priests of Brahma gave him a warm welcome. They taught him to read and understand the Vedas, to heal with prayers, to teach and explain the Holy Scriptures to the people, to expel an evil spirit from a person’s body and return him to a human image.

After a fifteen-year journey through India and Tibet, at the age of 29, Saint Issa returned to Judea, where he was executed by crucifixion.

..….10. And the disciples of Saint Issa left the land of Israel and went to all countries to the pagans, preaching that they need to leave gross errors and think about the salvation of their souls and the complete bliss that awaits people in an immaterial and full of splendor world, where in peace and in all His the great Creator dwells in purity in perfect majesty.

The full text of the scripture can be read by clicking on the link: (the page will open in a new “WINDOW”).

Jesus Christ did not agree with some aspects of the doctrine of transmigration of souls in the Hindu faith. He did NOT agree that the soul of a person after the death of the physical body can move into the body of an animal.

… “As a father would act with his children, so God Himself will judge people, after their death, according to His merciful laws. He will never humiliate His child by forcing his soul to move, as in purgatory, into the body of an animal.”

The very knowledge about the transmigration of souls (reincarnation) does not relate specifically to the faith of India. The transmigration of souls into a new body (according to their past actions) was known everywhere, right up to the 3-4 centuries AD.

You can at least take a passage from the Bible:

1. “And as he passed by, he saw a man blind from birth. His disciples asked Him: Rabbi! Who sinned, he or his parents, that he was born blind?” (John 9:1-3).

A natural question arises: when could he have sinned before he was born blind? The answer is clear: only in your past life.

Another episode: 3. Jesus Christ says: (Matthew ch. 11 v. 14)

“And if you want to accept, he is Elijah, who must come.”
4. The disciples ask Him: “How come the scribes say that Elijah must come first?” Jesus answered them: “It is true that Elijah must come first and arrange everything, but I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but did to him as they wanted.” Then the disciples realized that He was talking to them about John the Baptist. (Matthew 17:10-13).

In 553 AD, the 2nd Council of Constantinople was convened. At this council, some of the teachings of such theologians as Theodora of Mopsuete, Theodoret and Iva were rejected. Fifteen anathematisms were announced. Most of all, the discussion of the transmigration of the soul found interest in these anathemisms. The same topics were discussed at the last local cathedral in 543 Pythagoras, Plato, Plotinus and their followers all spoke together about the transmigration of souls, and Origen said the same thing. The opinion of the church was as follows: the soul is born simultaneously with the body. The Roman Church did not accept the decisions of this council until the very end of the sixth century.

Just like that. The decision of the Council of Constantinople, knowledge of the transmigration of the soul was - "cancelled" .

Vegetarianism in the faith of Hindus in India is not some peculiarity of the Hindu faith. As we mentioned a little earlier, the ancient Slavs also had a Vedic culture. And they also had their own direct commandments for this:

“Do not bring bloody sacrifices to Alatyr, do not anger your Gods, for it is disgusting for Them to accept innocent blood from God’s creatures.”

“Do not eat food with blood, for you will be like wild animals, and many diseases will take root in you. You eat the clean food that grows in your fields, in your forests and in your gardens, then you will gain much strength, bright strength, and may illnesses and torment and suffering not overtake you.”

Some, supposedly “followers” of ancient Slavic culture, want to interpret the words: “ Don't eat food with blood" in such a way that the meat must be bled before eating. This is what the Jews do in their tradition. But then what is said further in the commandment will not make sense: “ You shall eat the clean food that grows in your fields, in your forests and in your gardens.”

That is, in plain text:“...food that GROWS in fields and forests.”

Refusal to eat animal corpses is a rule not only of the Vedic culture of the ancient Slavs and India. This is what Jesus Christ said about this:

469. And therefore he who kills kills his brother.
470. And the Earthly Mother will turn away from him and take away her life-giving breast.
471. And her angels will shun him, but Satan will find his abode in his body.
472. And the flesh of the killed animals in his body will become his own grave.
473. For truly I tell you, whoever kills kills himself, and whoever eats the flesh of slain animals eats the bodies of death.
474. For in his blood every drop of their blood turns into poison, in his breath their breath turns into stench, in his flesh their flesh turns into festering wounds, in his bones their bones turn into lime, in his entrails their entrails turn into putrefaction. , in his eyes their eyes are like a veil, in his ears their ears are like a plug of sulfur.
475. And their death will become his death.