“General provisions. Basic concepts and terms

Huge flow of cars on the streets Russian cities It has long become commonplace, not frightening or surprising to anyone. Today, the vast majority of the country's residents of any gender strive to obtain driver license and diligently studies the rules traffic. At the same time, few people know that Tsar Ivan III was the first to try to regulate the behavior of cab drivers and riders on the roads of Russia back in the fifteenth century. He streamlined the movement of horse-drawn carriages along postal routes for those traveling long distances. And at the end of the seventeenth century, Peter the Great contributed to its rules, forbidding fast driving around Moscow. He also introduced right-hand traffic and established a police department that monitored compliance with traffic rules in Russia.

A little later, Tsarina Anna Ioanovna created a decree according to which cab drivers exceeding the prescribed speed were fined, flogged and even sent to hard labor as punishment for this. Then the rules were constantly changed, supplemented, acquiring more and more new details. The number of private cab drivers in the big cities of Russia was growing, they needed to be controlled, and therefore licenses for cabs were invented. Horse-drawn cars with numbers appeared on the streets, which were only allowed to be driven by sober and tidy people who had the appropriate permit. New rules for crossing intersections arose, accompanied by a ban on leaving carts anywhere.

In the nineteenth century, the first cars, originally called “self-propelled carriages,” appeared on the roads. They were not capable of developing a decent speed, moving no faster than three kilometers per hour, but after that road traffic began to require more careful organization. As a result, in 1900 in St. Petersburg, the authorities approved a new set of traffic rules, some of which still exist today. Their obligatory items were car registration, provision of vehicles with state license plates and their annual inspection by a special commission. The numbers were only valid for a year at that time. Drivers constantly paid for their new registration, and the money went to the treasury and was counted transport tax. It is interesting that in different cities the license plates on cars had different dimensions.

Russian citizens who have reached the age of twenty-one and are well literate could obtain a driving license. They took the exam in educational institutions who trained drivers. Traffic rules in those days included sound signals when approaching railroad crossings, reducing speed or stopping when passing intersections that were being crossed by horse-drawn carriages at the same time. When stopping, cars had to be parked near the sidewalks so that they were lined up in the direction of travel. The car drove on the right side, overtaking was allowed on the left side, but driving on it for a long time was prohibited.

The maximum speed when driving cars in Moscow was limited to 25 kilometers per hour, in St. Petersburg - 20 kilometers per hour, trucks could drive through large Russian cities at a speed of no more than 12 kilometers per hour. Moreover, on especially busy streets they moved only at a speed of 10 kilometers per hour. Violation of the rules was punishable by a fine of up to one hundred rubles or arrest for 14 days. For driving in drunk were deprived of their driver's license. On roads with outposts, it was necessary to pay a toll, that is, they were toll roads.

The first “traffic cops” appeared in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the twentieth century. The police were given white canes, which they used to signal drivers. When the cane rose up, the carriage drivers, car owners, and cyclists stopped. Signs on Russian roads began to be installed around the same time in accordance with a convention adopted in France in 1909. It determined the appearance of the signs, the responsibilities and rights of pedestrians and drivers.

Since then, the traffic rules have been amended several times. In 1940, unified regulations for the USSR on traffic rules were adopted, and in 1957 they changed, eliminating some restrictions and establishing driving rules for individual republics. Regulations have appeared on appearance auto and the procedure for conducting exams, which is defined in last time in March 2016. Now the set of tasks for these exams is determined by the state inspector for road safety of the Russian Federation. According to such regulations, anyone who has Russian citizenship and those who temporarily reside in Russia can apply to take the exams. They have the right to declare this through the federal state system www.gosuslugi.ru or www.gibdd.ru. Application for regional level is also submitted through the website www.gibdd.ru, and our website allows you to test your knowledge and determine the degree of preparedness for the exams. We provide a range of services that give users the opportunity to replenish their knowledge and thoroughly study all the nuances of driving cars on the roads of Russia and abroad.

Traffic rules (abbreviated as SDA) - a set of rules governing the responsibilities of drivers vehicles and pedestrians, as well as technical requirements requirements for vehicles to ensure road safety.

The first known attempts to streamline urban traffic were made back in Ancient Rome Guy Julius Caesar. By his decree in the 50s BC. e. One-way traffic was introduced on some city streets. From sunrise until the end of the “working day” (about two hours before sunset), the passage of private carts, chariots and carriages was prohibited. Visitors were required to leave their vehicles outside the city and move around Rome on foot or by hiring a palanquin. It was then founded special service to oversee compliance with these rules, it recruited mainly former firefighters from among the freedmen. The main responsibilities of such traffic controllers were to prevent conflicts and fights between vehicle owners. Many intersections remained unregulated. Noble nobles could ensure unhindered passage through the city - they sent walkers ahead of their carriages, who cleared the streets for the owner to pass.

When horse-drawn carts appeared, when moving along the roads towards each other, they sometimes collided. In order to streamline the movement of horse-drawn carriages and pedestrians, Tsar's Decrees required strict adherence to the rules of riding and walking on streets and roads. The decrees determined the rules for riding horse-drawn vehicles and the penalties for violators. These were the first rules of the road.

The history of modern traffic rules originates in London. On December 10, 1868, a mechanical railway signal with a colored disc was installed on the square in front of Parliament. Its inventor, J.P. Knight, was a specialist in railway semaphores. The device was manually controlled and had two semaphore wings. The wings could take different positions: horizontal - a “stop” signal and lowered at an angle of 45 degrees - you can move with caution. With the onset of darkness, a rotating gas lamp was turned on, which gave signals with red and green light. A servant in livery was assigned to the semaphore, whose duties included raising and lowering the boom and turning the lantern. However, the technical implementation of the device turned out to be unsuccessful: the grinding of the lifting mechanism chain was so strong that passing horses shied away and reared. Having not worked for even a month, on January 2, 1869, the semaphore exploded, and the policeman who was with it was injured.

The prototypes of modern road signs can be considered signs that indicated the direction of movement to a populated area and the distance to it. The decision to create uniform European traffic rules was made in 1909 at a world conference in Paris, due to the increase in the number of cars, speeds and traffic intensity on city streets.

In Russia, the first domestically produced car appeared in 1896. It was designed by engineers E. A. Yakovlev and P. A. Frese. In the same year the first official rules transportation of heavy loads and passengers in self-propelled carriages. And in 1900, the “Mandatory resolution on the procedure for passenger and freight traffic in St. Petersburg by car” was approved. These rules were subsequently constantly improved and reaffirmed.

In 1909, the International Convention on Road Traffic was adopted in Paris, in accordance with which the first road signs, indicating the presence of an intersection, a railway crossing, a winding road, or unevenness on the roadway.

The next important step was the adoption of the “Convention for the Introduction of Uniformity in Road Signaling” in 1931 in Geneva, at the Road Traffic Conference, in which, among other countries, Soviet Union.

Modern Traffic Rules set out the responsibilities of drivers, pedestrians, passengers, and provide descriptions of road signs, traffic lights, etc.

Since children are pedestrians and passengers, they need to know their responsibilities.

Rules are needed for safe movement on streets and roads. Due to violations of the Rules, accidents occur, pedestrians, drivers and passengers are killed and injured.

It is calculated that if road users complied 100% with the Road Traffic Rules, the number of injured in road accidents would be reduced by 27% (±18%) and those killed by 48% (±30%)

Summary from the official website of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate (www.gibdd.ru)

Traffic regulation is an issue posed in the distant past. The movement of pedestrians and horse-drawn carriages also required regulation. In those days, this was carried out by royal decrees.

The history of traffic rules dates back to Ancient Rome. Julius Caesar introduced one-way traffic on several streets in the city in the 50s BC. From sunrise until approximately two hours before sunset (the end of the working day), the passage of private carts and chariots was prohibited.

Visitors to the city had to travel in Rome on foot or on a palanquin (stretchers on long poles), and park their vehicles outside the city limits.

Already at that time there was a surveillance service monitoring compliance with these rules. It consisted mainly of former firefighters

The duties of this service were to prevent conflict situations among vehicle owners. The intersections were not regulated. To ensure free passage, nobles sent walkers ahead. They cleared the streets and the nobles could thus freely travel to their destination.

Over time, changes and additions were made to the rules, stipulating features when driving through intersections, changing the speed limit when approaching an intersection, and prohibiting overtaking in difficult areas. One of the additions was a rule giving priority in traffic to pedestrians. They also enjoyed an advantage in movement religious procession or for example a funeral ceremony.

The basis of modern traffic rules was laid on December 10, 1868 in London. On this day, the first railway semaphore appeared in the square in front of Parliament in the form of a colored disk with mechanical control. This semaphore was invented by J.P. Knight, a semaphore specialist of that time.

The device consisted of two semaphore wings, and depending on the position of the wings, the corresponding signal was indicated:

• Horizontal position – movement prohibited
• Position at an angle of 45 degrees - movement is allowed, but with precautions.

At night, a gas lamp was used, signaling red and green. The traffic light was controlled by a servant in livery.

The technical implementation of the semaphore was not so successful. The chain of the mechanism for raising and lowering the booms was so noisy that it greatly frightened the horses, making it difficult for the coachman to control. Less than a month later, a semaphore exploded, injuring a police officer.

The number of vehicles continued to increase, and the first cars began to replace carts. The need for traffic management has increased significantly. The first rods for manually regulating traffic at intersections appeared in 1908. The first road signs can be considered signs indicating movement to a populated area.

In 1909, at a world conference in Paris, it was decided to create uniform European Road Traffic Regulations, as the number of cars continued to grow and speed limit and the intensity of traffic on city streets increased.

The next step in the development of traffic management was at the traffic conference in Geneva in 1931 "Convention for the Introduction of Uniformity in Road Signaling" was adopted. The Soviet Union was also a participant in this conference.

The first official publication of the Road Traffic Rules in the USSR took place in 1920. The document had a title “About traffic in Moscow and its environs”. This document has already described in detail many important issues. Driver's licenses for the right to drive have appeared, designated maximum speed movements. In 1940, general traffic regulations were issued for the entire union, which were edited for each city.

United general rules road traffic operating throughout the entire territory of the USSR was introduced in 1961. “Rules for driving on the streets of cities, towns and roads of the USSR”

The most important date in the history of traffic rules - November 8, 1968. On this day in Vienna I was The Convention on Road Traffic was adopted. The document was signed by representatives of 68 countries and is still in force today.

By 1973, the USSR Traffic Rules were written in accordance with Vienna Convention. With the passage of time and corresponding changes on the roads, the constant growth of transport, and technological development of road networks, adjustments and additions are constantly being introduced.

Latest changes on the day of writing of this material entered into force on November 24, 2012 and always in State Duma Bills aimed at adapting the rules to the real situation on the roads are being considered.

The history of traffic rules began a very long time ago, long before the appearance of the first vehicles, almost with the advent of the first roads. To mark the route, primitive travelers broke branches and made marks on the bark of trees, and placed stones of a certain shape along the roads. Next step began to give roadside structures a specific shape in order to highlight them against the background of the surrounding landscape. For this purpose, sculptures began to be placed along the roads. One of these sculptures - a Polovtsian woman - can be seen in the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. After the emergence of writing, inscriptions began to be made on stones, usually writing the name of the settlement to which the road leads. The very first road signs appeared on Roman roads. The world's first system of road signs arose in Ancient Rome in the 3rd century. BC e. Along the most important roads, the Romans placed cylindrical mile posts with the distance from the Roman Forum carved on them. Near the Temple of Saturn in the center of Rome there was a Golden Mile Pillar, from which all roads leading to all ends of the vast empire were measured.

APPEARANCE OF ROAD SIGNS IN EUROPE AND RUSSIA

Under the French minister Zulli and Cardinal Richelieu, regulations were issued according to which intersections of streets and roads should be marked with crosses, pillars or pyramids in order to make it easier for travelers to navigate. In Russia, the widespread dissemination of road signs began much later, from the time of Peter I, who ordered by his decree “to put up mileposts painted and signed with numbers, to put up arms along the miles at intersections with an inscription where it lies.” Quite quickly, mileposts appeared on all the main roads of the state. Over time, this tradition has been constantly improved. Already in the 18th century. poles began to indicate the distance, the name of the area and the boundaries of possessions. Milestones began to be painted with black and white stripes, which ensured their better visibility at any time of the day.

MODERN ROAD SIGNS.

The first road signs in the modern sense appeared in 1903 in France. The impetus for revising the traffic warning system was the appearance of the first cars and, accordingly, accidents that inevitably happened here and there. The car was faster than a horse-drawn carriage, and in case of danger, the iron one simply could not brake as quickly as an ordinary horse. In addition, the horse is alive, it is able to react on its own without waiting for the coachman’s decision. However, accidents were quite rare, but they aroused enormous public interest precisely because they were rare. To calm the public, three road signs were installed on the streets of Paris: “steep descent”, “dangerous turn”, “rough road”. A road sign depicting the symbol - "Steep descent ahead" first appeared in the middle XIX century on the mountain roads of Switzerland and Austria. The sign was depicted on roadside rocks and depicted a wheel or brake shoe used on carriages. Signs began to spread following the first automobile traffic rules, which could not provide for the entire variety of road situations. Road transport, naturally, developed not only in France, and each country thought about how to make road traffic safer. To discuss this problem, representatives European countries met in 1906 and developed the “International Convention Relating to the Movement of Motor Vehicles.” The convention prescribed the requirements for the car itself and the basic rules of the road, and also introduced four road signs: “rough road”, “winding road”, “intersection”, “intersection with railway”. The signs should have been installed 250 meters before the dangerous area. A little later, after the ratification of the convention, road signs appeared in Russia, and, characteristically, motorists did not pay attention to them. Despite the convention, each country began to come up with its own traffic signs, which is no wonder: four signs are not enough for all occasions. For example, Japan and China were limited to a couple of hieroglyphs that denoted some rule; European countries were deprived of the ability to express an entire rule with two written characters, so they came up with symbols and images. In the USSR, a little man crossing a pedestrian crossing was invented. Inside the country, everything was clear with the signs, but a person traveling abroad found himself in an unpleasant situation, where out of many signs two or three turned out to be familiar. To make life easier for drivers, in 1931 the “Convention for the Introduction of Uniformity and Signaling on Roads” was adopted in Geneva, which was signed by the USSR, most European countries and Japan. Although this did not lead to complete uniformity of road signs. For example, in pre-war times, two systems of road signs were in operation simultaneously: the European one, based on the same 1931 convention, and the Anglo-American one, in which inscriptions were used instead of symbols, and the signs themselves were square or rectangular.

HISTORY OF ROAD SIGNS IN RUSSIA.

In Russia, road signs began to appear in 1911. The magazine Avtomobilist No. 1, 1911 wrote on its pages: “The First Russian Automobile Club in Moscow, starting in the fall of this year, begins placing warning signs on the highways of the Moscow province. ... Drawings of warning signs are international, accepted everywhere in Western Europe". The Soviet Union joined the International Convention on Roads and Motor Transport in 1959, and from January 1, 1961, unified Traffic Rules on the streets of cities, towns and roads of the USSR came into force. Along with the new rules, new road signs were introduced: the number of warning signs increased to 19, prohibitory - to 22, indicative - to 10. Signs indicating permitted directions of movement were highlighted in separate group prescriptive and received a blue background and symbols white in the form of cone-shaped arrows. Much in these signs is unusual for the modern driver. The sign “No driving without stopping” was shaped like a circle. yellow with a red border with an equilateral triangle inscribed in it with the vertex down, on which “Stop” was written in Russian. The sign could be used not only at intersections, but also on narrow sections of roads, where it was obligatory to give way to oncoming traffic. Operating since 1973 The signs are familiar to modern car enthusiasts. Warning and prohibition signs purchased white background and a red border, the number of indicator signs increased from 10 to 26 due to the inclusion of various indicators.

THE EMERGENCE OF ROAD TRAFFIC RULES.

The first attempts to regulate road traffic were made in Ancient Rome, where one-way traffic for chariots was introduced on some streets. Specially designated guards monitored the implementation of this rule. In our country, Peter the Great issued a decree on maintaining road safety, which regulated the movement of horses. For non-compliance with the rules, a person could be sent to hard labor. Since 1718, police officers began to be responsible for enforcing traffic rules. The first rules of the road sounded quite funny. For example, in Russia there was a requirement that a boy run in front of the car, loudly shouting to announce the approach of the carriage, so that respectable townspeople would not faint from horror when a monster appeared on the road moving at a nightmarish speed. Also, the rules ordered drivers to slow down and stop if their approach would cause anxiety in the horses. In England, a person with a red flag must walk in front of each steam stagecoach at a distance of 55 meters. When meeting carriages or riders, he must warn that a steam engine is following him. Also, drivers are strictly prohibited from frightening horses with whistles. Letting off steam from cars is allowed only if there are no horses on the road.

MODERN TRAFFIC RULES.

The first traffic rules for cars were introduced in France on August 14, 1893. In 1908, it was invented to issue white canes to the police, with which the police regulated traffic and showed the direction for drivers and pedestrians. In 1920, the first official traffic rules appeared: “On motor traffic in Moscow and its environs (rules).” These rules already thoroughly regulated many important issues. Mention was also made of a driver's license, which the driver must have. A speed limit was introduced, which could not be exceeded. Modern traffic rules were introduced in our country in January 1961.

APPEARANCE OF THE FIRST TRAFFIC LIGHT.

The first traffic light appeared at the end of 1868 in London on the square near the building English Parliament. It consisted of two gas lamps with red and green glasses. The device duplicated the signals of the traffic controller in the dark and thereby helped members of parliament to calmly cross the roadway. The author of the invention was engineer J.P. Knight. Unfortunately, his creation lasted only four weeks. A gas lamp exploded, injuring a policeman on duty near it. Only half a century later - on August 5, 1914 - new traffic lights were installed in the American city of Cleveland. They switched red and green and emitted a warning beep. Since then, the triumphal procession of traffic lights around the world began; August 5 is celebrated as International Traffic Light Day. The first three-color traffic light appeared in 1918 in New York. After some time, their authority was recognized by motorists in Detroit and Michigan. The authors of the “three-eyed” were William Potts and John Harris. The traffic light returned overseas to Europe only in 1922. But not immediately to the city where they first started talking about him - to London. Traffic lights first appeared in France, in Paris at the intersection of Rue de Rivoli and Sevastopol Boulevard. And then in Germany, in the city of Hamburg on Stefanplatz Square. In the United Kingdom, the electric traffic controller appeared only in 1927 in the city of Wolverhampton. But the first traffic light in our country went into operation on January 15, 1930 at the corner of Nevsky and Liteiny prospects in Leningrad, and on December 30 of the same year at the corner of Petrovka and Kuznetsky Most in Moscow.

INTERESTING FACTS.

There are many funny incidents associated with traffic rules and signs. interesting facts. Let's dwell on only two of them: For example, the origin of the word “driver” is interesting: the first “self-propelled car” was intended for transporting guns and was a three-wheeled cart with a steam boiler. When the steam ran out, the machine stopped and the boiler had to be heated again. To do this, they lit a fire under it on the ground and waited for steam to form again. So, most of the time, drivers of the first cars heated a boiler and boiled water in it. Therefore, they began to be called chauffeurs, which translated from French means “stoker.” Another story involves road signs. Today, in Russia alone, more than two and a half hundred road signs are used, covering almost all directions of traffic, and the system is constantly developing and improving. There were some funny moments: at some point, the “rough road” sign disappeared from the list, returning to service only in 1961. For what reason the sign disappeared is unknown, either the roads suddenly became smooth, or their condition was so sad that special meaning there was no warning.

Traffic rules and the history of their creation.

Purpose of the lesson : introduce students to the history of the creation of traffic rules, test knowledge of current traffic rules.

Equipment : new traffic regulations.

Attempts to introduce rules for driving on streets and roads were made back when horse-drawn carriages reigned supreme. In 1863, a personal decree was issued in Russia “said to people of different ranks” by Tsars John and Peter Alekseevich: “The great sovereigns knew what happened,” it was written in it, “that many taught to ride in a sleigh on the reins with large whips and, driving along the street , they casually beat people.” The decree categorically prohibited driving horses with reins. Then it was believed that in order for the coachman to see the road better, he must control the horse while sitting astride it.

In 1730, a new decree was issued: “Carriers and others of all ranks should ride, having horses bridled, with all fear and caution, at attention.”

In 1742, a decree appeared that said: “If anyone rides horses quickly, they should be caught through police commands and the horses sent to the empress’s stable.”

In 1812, rules were introduced that established right-hand traffic, speed limits, requirements for the technical condition of crews, and the introduction of license plates. These were attempts to organize the movement of crews. There were no systematic rules for driving on roads at that time. Pedestrian traffic was chaotic and disorganized. When steam and then gasoline cars appeared, new attempts followed, both in Russia and abroad, to ensure traffic safety.

Some of them can only make us smile now. So, for example, in England, a man with a red flag walked ahead of a steam carriage and warned those oncoming about the approach of the steam engine, and at the same time pacified the frightened carriage horses. In France, the speed of gasoline cars in populated areas should not exceed the speed of a pedestrian. In Germany, the owner of the car was obliged to tell the police the day before which road the “gasoline cart” would go. Driving at night was generally prohibited. If the driver was caught at night on the road, he had to stop and wait for the morning.

In those days there were very few cars in Russia, so safety issues were not yet so pressing. But as the years passed, the number of cars, motorcycles, bicycles, trams and other vehicles increased. The task of creating road safety conditions required its solution.

In Russia, already in 1897, the City Dumas of Moscow and St. Petersburg were already considering the issue of establishing special rules for “automatic carriages,” and three years later, the “Mandatory Resolution on the procedure for passenger and freight traffic in the city of St. Petersburg by car” was approved. This document consisted of 46 paragraphs and established requirements for drivers and cars, driving procedures and parking rules. Thus, a driving permit could be obtained by a citizen at least 21 years old, literate and able to speak Russian, provided successful completion driving test. Cars had to be registered and have two license plates (front and rear). an annual mandatory technical inspection was provided for in the period from March 1 to April 1. The maximum permitted speed in Moscow was 20 versts per hour, and for cars weighing more than 350 pounds - 12 versts per hour. Paragraph 41 of this resolution stated: “If the approach of an automatic carriage causes anxiety among the horses, the driver must slow down and, if necessary, stop.”

We find the first mention of the Traffic Rules in the “Instructions on the use of cars and motorcycles and the rules of movement in Moscow and its environs in 1918.” Two years later, the Traffic Rules were approved by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars. This historical document laid the foundation for the development of Soviet legislation in the field of road safety. The decree included basic requirements for the behavior of drivers, as well as rules for registration and technical control of motor vehicles. The speed of vehicles was regulated: for cars - 25 versts per hour, for trucks - 15 versts per hour. At the same time, at night the speed for all vehicles, except firefighters, was limited to 10 versts per hour.

To facilitate traffic, road signs, traffic lights and road markings. The first 4 signs indicating the presence of danger, with symbols of an intersection, a railway crossing, a winding road, and uneven roads, were approved in 1909 by the Paris Convention on Road Traffic. International system road signs were supplemented in 1926 by two more - “unprotected railway crossing" and "Stop is required." In 1931, at the next conference on road traffic in Geneva, the number of signs was increased to 26, classified into three groups: warning, prescriptive and indicative. Remember how many groups of characters are in these rules (7) and how many characters (231).

Before the Second World War in various countries There were two main systems of road signs in the world, one of which was based on the use of symbols, the other on the use of inscriptions. After the end of the Second World War, an attempt was made to create a unified road signaling system for all countries of the world.

In 1949, at the next conference on road traffic in Geneva, the Convention on Road Traffic and the Protocol on Road Signs were adopted.

Until 1940, there were no uniform rules in our country, and their development and approval fell under the competence of local authorities. In 1940, the first standard traffic rules were approved, on the basis of which more or less uniform rules began to be created locally.

The first, uniform for the entire country, Rules for driving on city streets, settlements and roads of the USSR, introduced in 1961 (they were based on the 1949 convention), then they were finalized and existed until 1973, when they were replaced by the Road Traffic Rules, based on the 1968 and 1971 conventions.

Since the introduction of the Rules in 1973, significant changes have occurred in the practice of organizing traffic in our country, so they have undergone changes and additions several times. The latest traffic rules were put into effect on July 1, 1994. What new did they bring?

There was a requirement for mandatory use of seat belts and equipping cars with first aid kits and fire extinguishers; The responsibilities of pedestrians and drivers are separated into separate sections. Traffic lights and traffic controller signals are combined into one section. Appeared new section“Priority of route vehicles”; benefits for disabled drivers have been clarified; the procedure for the movement of vehicles equipped with special lighting and sound signals; new terms have been introduced (“Road user”, “Forced stop”, “ Insufficient visibility", "Sidewalk", "Pedestrian path", " Pedestrian crossing", etc.). The concept of “overtaking” is interpreted in a fundamentally new way. Now overtaking is considered to be the advance of a vehicle associated with leaving the occupied lane, and not just with entering the oncoming lane.

Certain changes have been made to the “movement speed” section. In populated areas, all vehicles have a single speed limit of 60 km/h. Motorcyclists are allowed a speed limit of 90 km/h on roads outside populated areas; a speed limit of 110 km/h on highways is included for cars, as well as for trucks with a permissible maximum weight of 3.5 tons.

Safety requirements for transporting people in trucks have become more stringent. The appendix to the Rules includes a list of conditions relating to technical condition and configurations in which the operation of vehicles is prohibited.

In the remaining time during the lesson, repeat the traffic rules regarding the questions from previous lessons, solve road problems or sort out an accident.

Additional education teacher

Akhmetzyanova Gulchachak Khamisovna