In which city was the Romanov royal family shot? Execution of the royal family: what really happened

I bring to the attention of readers a very interesting information from the book “Way of the Cross of the Holy Royal Martyrs”
(Moscow 2002)

The murder of the Royal Family was prepared in the strictest secrecy. Even many high-ranking Bolsheviks were not initiated into it.

It was carried out in Yekaterinburg on orders from Moscow, according to a long-conceived plan.

The investigation names Yankel Movshevich Sverdlov, who held the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Escort, as the main organizer of the murder. Committee of the Congress of Soviets, the all-powerful temporary ruler of Russia in this era.

All the threads of the crime converge on him. From him came the instructions received and carried out in Yekaterinburg. His task was to give the murder the appearance of an unauthorized act of the local Ural authorities, thereby completely removing the responsibility of the Soviet government and the actual initiators of the crime.

The following persons were accomplices in the murder from among the local Bolshevik leaders: Shaya Isaakovich Goloshchekin - a personal friend of Sverdlov, who seized actual power in the Urals, the military commissar of the Ural region, the head of the Cheka and the main executioner of the Urals at that time; Yankel Izidorovich Weisbart (called himself Russian worker A.G. Beloborodov) - Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Ural Regional Council; Alexander Moebius - Chief of the Revolutionary Staff - Bronstein-Trotsky's special representative; Yankel Khaimovich Yurovsky (who called himself Yakov Mikhailovich, - Commissioner of Justice of the Ural Region, member of the Cheka; Pinhus Lazarevich Weiner (who called himself Pyotr Lazarevich Voikov (the modern Moscow metro station "Voikovskaya" is named after him)) - Commissioner of Supply of the Ural Region, - Yurovsky's closest assistant and Safarov is Yurovsky's second assistant. All of them carried out instructions from Moscow from Sverdlov, Apfelbaum, Lenin, Uritsky and Bronstein-Trotsky (in his memoirs, published abroad in 1931, Trotsky accused himself, cynically justifying the murder of the entire Royal Family, including including the August Children).

In the absence of Goloshchekin (he went to Moscow to Sverdlov for instructions), preparations for the murder of the Royal Family began to take a concrete form: unnecessary witnesses were removed - the internal guards, because she was almost completely disposed towards the Royal Family and was unreliable for the executioners, namely on July 3, 1918. - Avdeev and his assistant Moshkin (who was even arrested) were suddenly expelled. Instead of Avdeev, the commandant of the “House of Special Purpose”, Yurovsky became his assistant, Nikulin (known for his atrocities in Kamyshin, working in the Cheka) was appointed his assistant.

All security was replaced by selected security officers seconded by the local emergency service. From that moment and during the last two weeks, when the Royal Prisoners had to live under the same roof with their future executioners, Their Life became sheer torment...

On Sunday, July 1/14, three days before the murder, at the request of the Sovereign, Yurovsky allowed the invitation of Archpriest Father Ioann Storozhev and Deacon Bumirov, who had previously served a mass service for the Royal Family on May 20/June 2. They noticed a change in the state of mind of Their Majesties and Most August Children. According to St. John, they were not “depressed in spirit, but still gave the impression of being tired.” On this day, for the first time, none of the Members of the Royal Family sang during the Divine Service. They prayed silently, as if sensing that this was their last church prayer, and as if it was revealed to Him that this prayer would be extraordinary. And indeed, it happened here significant event, the deep and mysterious meaning of which became clear only when it became a thing of the past. The deacon began to sing “Rest with the Saints,” although according to the rite of the liturgy, this prayer is supposed to be read, recalls Fr. John: “...I also began to sing, somewhat embarrassed by such a deviation from the rules, but as soon as we started singing, I heard that the Members of the Romanov Family standing behind me knelt down...” So the Royal Prisoners, without suspecting it themselves, prepared for death by accepting funeral instructions...

Meanwhile, Goloshchekin brought an order from Moscow from Sverdlov to execute the Royal Family.

Yurovsky and his team of executioners quickly prepared everything for the execution. On the morning of Tuesday, July 3/16, 1918. he removed the cook’s apprentice, little Leonid Sednev, I.D.’s nephew, from the Ipatiev house. Sednev (children's footman).

But even in these dying days, the Royal Family did not lose courage. On Monday, July 2/15, four women were sent to Ipatiev's house to wash the floors. One later testified to the investigator: “I personally washed the floors in almost all the rooms reserved for the Royal Family... The princesses helped us clean and move the beds in Their bedroom and talked cheerfully among themselves...”

At 7 o’clock in the evening, Yurovsky ordered the revolvers to be taken away from the Russian outer guards, then he distributed the same revolvers to the participants in the execution, Pavel Medvedev helped him.

On this last day of the life of the Prisoners, the Sovereign, the Heir Tsarevich and all the Grand Duchesses went for their usual walk in the garden and at 4 o'clock in the afternoon during the changing of the guards they returned to the house. They didn't come out anymore. The evening routine was not disrupted by anything...

Suspecting nothing, the Royal Family went to bed. Shortly after midnight, Yurovsky entered Their rooms, woke everyone up, and, under the pretext of the danger threatening the city from the approaching White troops, announced that he had orders to take the Prisoners to a safe place. After some time, when everyone had dressed, washed and prepared to leave, Yurovsky, accompanied by Nikulin and Medvedev, led the Royal Family to the lower floor to the outer door facing Voznesensky Lane.

Yurovsky and Nikulin walked ahead, holding a lamp in his hand to illuminate the dark narrow staircase. The Emperor followed them. He carried the Heir, Alexei Nikolaevich, in his arms. The Heir's leg was bandaged with a thick bandage, and with every step He moaned quietly. Following the Emperor were the Empress and the Grand Duchesses. Some of them had a pillow with them, and Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna carried her beloved dog Jimmy in her arms. Next came the physician E.S. Botkin, the room girl A.S. Demidova, the footman A.E. Trupp and the cook I.M. Kharitonov. Medvedev brought up the rear of the procession. Having gone downstairs and passing through the entire lower floor to the corner room - it was the front room with the exit door to the street - Yurovsky turned left into the adjacent middle room, just under the bedroom of the Grand Duchesses, and announced that they would have to wait until the cars were delivered. It was an empty semi-basement room 5 1/3 long and 4 1/2 m wide.

Since the Tsarevich could not stand and the Empress was unwell, at the Emperor’s request three chairs were brought. The Emperor sat down in the middle of the room, seating the Heir next to Him and hugging Him with his right hand. Behind the Heir and slightly to the side of Him stood Doctor Botkin. The Empress sat down on the left hand of the Emperor, closer to the window and a step behind. A pillow was placed on Her chair and on the Heir's chair. On the same side, even closer to the wall with the window, in the back of the room, stood Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna and a little further, in the corner near the outer wall, Anna Demidova. Behind the Empress’s chair was one of the senior V. Princesses, probably Tatyana Nikolaevna. On Her right hand, leaning against the back wall, stood V. Princesses Olga Nikolaevna and Maria Nikolaevna; Next to them, a little ahead, is A. Troupe, holding a blanket for the Heir, and in the corner far left of the door is cook Kharitonov. The first half of the room from the entrance remained free. Everyone was calm. They are apparently accustomed to such night alarms and movements. Moreover, Yurovsky’s explanations seemed plausible, and some “forced” delay did not arouse any suspicion.

altYurovsky went out to make the last orders. By this time, all 11 executioners who shot the Royal Family and Her faithful servants that night had gathered in one of the neighboring rooms. Here are their names: Yankel Haimovich Yurovsky, Nikulin, Stepan Vaganov, Pavel Spiridonovich Medvedev, Laons Gorvat, Anselm Fischer, Isidor Edelstein, Emil Fecte, Imre Nad, Victor Grinfeld and Andreas Vergazi - mercenaries - Magyars.

Each had a seven-shot revolver. Yurovsky, in addition, had a Mauser, and two of them had rifles with fixed bayonets. Each killer chose his victim in advance: Gorvat chose Botkin. But at the same time, Yurovsky strictly forbade everyone else to shoot at the Sovereign Emperor and the Tsarevich: he wanted, or rather, he was ordered, to kill the Russian Orthodox Tsar and His Heir with his own hand.

Outside the window, the noise of the engine of a four-ton Fiat truck, prepared for transporting bodies, was heard. Shooting to the sound of a running truck engine, in order to muffle the shots, was a favorite technique of the security officers. This method was applied here as well.

It was 1 o'clock. 15m. Nights according to solar time, or 3 hours. 15m. according to summer time (translated by the Bolsheviks two hours ahead). Yurovsky returned to the room, along with the entire team of executioners. Nikulin moved closer to the window, opposite the Empress. Gorvat positioned himself facing Doctor Botkin. The rest split up on either side of the door. Medvedev took a position on the threshold.

Approaching the Emperor, Yurovsky said a few words, announcing the upcoming execution. This was so unexpected that the Emperor, apparently, did not immediately understand the meaning of what was said. He stood up from his chair and asked in amazement: “What? What?" The Empress and one of the Grand Duchesses managed to cross themselves. At that moment, Yurovsky raised his revolver and shot several times at point-blank range, first at the Sovereign and then at the Heir.

Almost simultaneously, others began shooting. The Grand Duchesses, standing in the second row, saw their Parents fall and began to scream in horror. They were destined to outlive Them for several terrible moments. Those shot fell one after another. About 70 shots were fired in just 2-3 minutes. The wounded Princesses were finished off with bayonets. The heir moaned weakly. Yurovsky killed Him with two shots to the head. The wounded Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna was finished off with bayonets and rifle butts.

Anna Demidova rushed about until she fell under the blows of bayonets. Some victims were shot and stabbed to death before everything died down.

...Through the bluish fog that filled the room from many shots, with the weak illumination of one light bulb the picture of the murder was a terrifying sight.

The Emperor fell forward, close to the Empress. The Heir was lying on his back nearby. The Grand Duchesses were together, as if They were holding each other's hands. Between Them lay the corpse of little Jimmy, whom the Great Anastasia Nikolaevna held close to her until the last moment. Dr. Botkin took a step forward before falling on his face with his right hand raised. Anna Demidova and Alexey Trupp fell near the back wall. Ivan Kharitonov lay supine at the feet of the Grand Duchesses. All those killed had several wounds, and therefore there was especially a lot of blood. Their faces and clothes were covered in blood; it stood in puddles on the floor, splashes and stains covered the walls. It seemed that the whole room was covered in blood and represented a slaughterhouse (an Old Testament altar).

On the night of the martyrdom of the Royal Family, Blessed Maria of Diveyevo raged and shouted: “The princesses with bayonets! Damned Jews! She raged terribly, and only then did they understand what she was screaming about. Under the arches of the Ipatiev basement, in which the Royal Martyrs and their Faithful servants ended their way of the cross, inscriptions left by the executioners were discovered. One of them consisted of four cabalistic signs. It was deciphered as follows: “Here, on the orders of satanic forces, the Tsar was sacrificed for the destruction of the State. All nations are informed of this.”

“...At the very beginning of this century, even before the First World War, small shops in the kingdom of Poland sold under the counter rather crudely printed postcards depicting a Jewish “tzaddik” (rabbi) with a Torah in one hand and a white bird in the other. The bird had the head of Emperor Nicholas II, with an imperial crown. Below... was the following inscription: “Let this sacrificial animal be my cleansing, it will be my substitute and cleansing sacrifice.”

During the investigation into the murder of Nicholas II and His Family, it was established that the day before this crime, a special train consisting of a steam locomotive and one passenger carriage arrived in Yekaterinburg from Central Russia. It brought a face in black clothes, looking like a Jewish rabbi. This person inspected the basement of the house and left a Kabbalistic inscription on the wall (above-stated)..."."Christography", magazine " New book Russia."

...By this time, Shaya Goloshchekin, Beloborodov, Mobius and Voikov arrived at the “House of Special Purpose”. Yurovsky and Voikov began a thorough examination of the dead. They turned everyone over on their backs to make sure there were no signs of life left. At the same time, they took jewelry from their victims: rings, bracelets, gold watches. They took off the princesses' shoes, which they then gave to their mistresses.

Then the bodies were wrapped in pre-prepared overcoat cloth and transferred on a stretcher made of two shafts and sheets to a truck parked at the entrance. Zlokazovsky worker Lyukhanov was driving. Yurovsky, Ermakov and Vaganov sat down with him.

Under the cover of darkness, the truck drove away from Ipatiev’s house, went down Voznesensky Avenue towards Main Avenue and left the city through the suburb of Verkh-Isetsk. Here he turned onto the only road leading to the village of Koptyaki, located on the shores of Lake Isetskoe. The road there goes through the forest, crossing the Perm and Tagil railway lines. It was already dawn when, about 15 versts from Yekaterinburg and, not reaching four versts to Koptyakov, in a dense forest in the “Four Brothers” tract, the truck turned left and reached a small forest clearing near a row of abandoned mines, called “Ganina Yama”. Here the bodies of the Royal Martyrs were unloaded, cut up, doused with gasoline and thrown onto two large bonfires. The bones were destroyed using sulfuric acid. For three days and two nights, the killers, assisted by 15 responsible party communists specially mobilized for this purpose, carried out their diabolical work under the direct leadership of Yurovsky, according to the instructions of Voikov and under the supervision of Goloshchekin and Beloborodov, who came from Yekaterinburg to the forest several times. Finally, by the evening of July 6/19, it was all over. The killers carefully destroyed traces of fires. The ashes and all that was left of the burned bodies were thrown into the mine, which was then blown up hand grenades, and they dug up the ground around and covered it with leaves and moss to hide the traces of the crime committed here.

alt Beloborodov immediately telegraphed Sverdlov about the murder of the Royal Family. However, this latter did not dare to reveal the truth not only to the Russian people, but even to the Soviet government. At a meeting of the Council of People's Commissars, which took place on July 5/18 under the chairmanship of Lenin, Sverdlov made an emergency statement. It was a complete pile of lies.

He said that a message had been received from Yekaterinburg about the execution of the Sovereign Emperor, that He was shot by order of the Ural Regional Council and that the Empress and Heir were evacuated to a “safe place.” He kept silent about the fate of the Grand Duchesses. In conclusion, he added that the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee approved the resolution of the Ural Council. Having listened in silence to Sverdlov’s statement, the members of the Council of People’s Commissars continued the meeting...

The next day it was announced in all newspapers in Moscow. After long negotiations with Sverdlov over a direct line, Goloshchekin made a similar message to the Ural Council, which was published in Yekaterinburg only on July 8/21, since the Yekaterinburg Bolsheviks, who allegedly arbitrarily shot the Royal Family, in fact did not even dare to issue a message without Moscow’s permission about the execution. Meanwhile, with the approach of the front, a panicked flight of Bolsheviks from Yekaterinburg began. On July 12/25 it was taken by troops of the Siberian Army. On the same day, guards were assigned to Ipatiev’s house, and on July 17/30 a judicial investigation began, which restored the picture of this terrible crime in almost all details, and also established the identities of its organizers and perpetrators. In subsequent years, a number of new witnesses appeared, and new documents and facts became known, which further supplemented and clarified the investigation materials.

Investigating the ritual murder of the Royal Family, investigator N.A. Sokolov, who literally sifted through all the earth at the site of the burning of the bodies of the Royal Family and discovered numerous fragments of crushed and burnt bones and extensive greasy masses, did not find a single tooth, not a single fragment, and As you know, teeth don’t burn in fire. It turned out that after the murder Isaac Goloshchekin immediately went to Moscow with three barrels of alcohol... He took with him to Moscow these heavy barrels, sealed in wooden boxes and wrapped in ropes, and there was no place at all in the cabin of the carriage, without touching the contents in them in the salon. Some of the accompanying security officials and train servants were interested in the mysterious cargo. To all questions, Goloshchekin answered that he was carrying samples of artillery shells for the Putilov plant. In Moscow, Goloshchekin took the boxes, went to Yankel Sverdlov and lived with him for five days without returning to the carriage. What documents are in direct meaning words, and for what purpose could Yankel Sverdlov, Nakhamkes and Bronstein be interested?

It is quite possible that the murderers, destroying the Royal bodies, separated honest heads from them, to prove to the leadership in Moscow about the liquidation of the entire Royal Family. This method, as a kind of “reporting”, was widely used in the Cheka, in those terrible years massacres of the defenseless population of Russia by the Bolsheviks.

Exists rare photo: in the days of the February Troubles, the Tsar's children, sick with measles, upon recovery, all five of them took off with shaved heads - so that only their heads are visible, and they all look the same. The Empress burst into tears: five children’s heads seemed to be cut off...

There is no doubt that it was a ritual murder. This is evidenced not only by the ritual Kabbalistic inscriptions in the basement room of the Ipatiev House, but also by the murderers themselves.

The wrongdoers knew what they were doing. Their conversations are noteworthy. One of the regicides M.A. Medvedev (Kudrin) described the night of July 17 in December 1963:

...We went down to the first floor. That room is “very small.” “Yurovsky and Nikulin brought three chairs - the last thrones of the condemned Dynasty.”

Yurovsky declares out loud: “...we have been entrusted with the mission to put an end to the House of Romanov!”

And here is the moment immediately after the massacre: “Near the truck I meet Philip Goloshchekin.

Where have you been? - I ask him.

I walked around the square. I heard shots. It was audible. — He bent over the Tsar.

The end, you say, of the Romanov Dynasty?! Yes…

The Red Army soldier brought Anastasia's lap dog on a bayonet - when we walked past the door (to the stairs to the second floor), a long, plaintive howl was heard from behind the doors - the last salute to the All-Russian Emperor. The dog's corpse was thrown next to the king's.

Dogs - dog death! - Goloshchekin said contemptuously.”

After the fanatics initially threw the bodies of the Royal Martyrs into the mine, they decided to remove them from there in order to set them on fire. “From July 17th to 18th,” recalled P.Z. Ermakov, - I arrived in the forest again, brought a rope. I was lowered into the mine. I began to tie each one up individually, and two guys pulled them out. All the corpses were taken (sic! - S.F.) from the mine in order to put an end to the Romanovs and so that their friends would not think of creating HOLY RELICS.”

M.A., already mentioned by us. Medvedev testified: “Before us lay ready-made “MIRACLE WORKING POWERS”: ice water The mines were not only completely washed away by the blood, but also froze the bodies so much that they looked as if they were alive—a blush even appeared on the faces of the Tsar, the girls and women.”

One of the participants in the destruction of the royal bodies, security officer G.I. Sukhorukov recalled on April 3, 1928: “So that even if the whites found these corpses and did not guess by the number that these were the Royal Family, we decided to burn two of them at the stake, which we did, the first Heir and the second is the youngest daughter Anastasia...”

Participant in the regicide M.A. Medvedev (Kudrin) (December 1963): “Given the deep religiosity of the people in the province, it was impossible to allow even remains to be left to the enemy Royal Dynasty, from which the clergy would immediately fabricate “HOLY MIRACLE-WORKING POWERS”...".

Another security officer, G.P., also thought the same. Nikulin in his radio conversation on May 12, 1964: “... Even if a corpse had been discovered, then, obviously, some kind of POWERS were created from it, you know, around which some kind of counter-revolution would have grouped...”.

The same thing was confirmed the next day by his comrade I.I. Rodzinsky: “...It was a very serious matter.<…>If the White Guards had discovered these remains, do you know what they would have done? POWERS. Processions of the Cross, would use the darkness of the village. Therefore, the question of hiding traces was more important than even the execution itself.<…>This was the most important thing...”

No matter how distorted the bodies are, M.K. believed. Diterichs, - Isaac Goloshchekin understood perfectly well that for a Russian Christian it is not the finding of a physical whole body that matters, but their most insignificant remains, as sacred relics of those bodies whose soul is immortal and cannot be destroyed by Isaac Goloshchekin or another fanatic like him from the Jewish people "

Truly: even the demons believe and tremble!

...The Bolsheviks renamed the city of Yekaterinburg to Sverdlovsk - in honor of the main organizer of the murder of the Royal Family, and thereby not only confirmed the correctness of the accusations of the judiciary, but also their responsibility for this greatest crime in the history of mankind, committed by the world forces of evil...

The date of the savage murder itself—July 17—is no coincidence. On this day, the Russian Orthodox Church honors the memory of the holy noble prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, who consecrated the autocracy of Rus' with his martyr’s blood. According to the chroniclers, the Jewish conspirators, who “accepted” Orthodoxy and were blessed by Him, killed him in the most cruel way. Holy Prince Andrei was the first to proclaim the idea of ​​Orthodoxy and Autocracy as the basis of the statehood of Holy Rus' and was, in fact, the first Russian Tsar.

According to God's providence, the Royal Martyrs were taken from earthly life all together. As a reward for boundless mutual love, which tightly bound them into one inseparable whole.

The Emperor courageously ascended Golgotha ​​and with meek submission to the Will of God accepted martyrdom. He left a legacy of an unclouded Monarchical Beginning as a precious Pledge received by Him from His Royal ancestors.

Everyone who in one way or another came close to the shooting case royal family, killed? Why can’t you trust the books of Sokolov (the seventh! investigator in this case), published after his murder? The historian of the royal family, Sergei Ivanovich, answers these questions.

The royal family was not shot!

The last Russian Tsar was not shot, but perhaps left hostage.

Agree: it would be stupid to shoot the Tsar without first shaking out his honestly earned money from his cashboxes. So he was not shot. However, it was not possible to get the money right away, because the times were too turbulent...

Regularly, by the middle of summer of each year, loud crying for the king, who was killed for no reason, is resumed. NicholasII, whom Christians also “canonized” in 2000. Here is Comrade. Starikov, exactly on July 17, once again threw “wood” into the firebox of emotional lamentations about nothing. I was not interested in this issue before, and would not have paid attention to another dummy, BUT... At the last meeting in his life with readers, Academician Nikolai Levashov just mentioned that in the 30s Stalin met with NikolaiII and asked him for money to prepare for a future war. This is how Nikolai Goryushin writes about it in his report “There are prophets in our fatherland!” about this meeting with readers:

“...In this regard, the information related to tragic fate last Emperor Russian Empire Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov and his family... In August 1917, he and his family were deported to the last capital of the Slavic-Aryan Empire, the city of Tobolsk. The choice of this city was not accidental, since the highest degrees of Freemasonry are aware of the great past of the Russian people. The exile to Tobolsk was a kind of mockery of the Romanov dynasty, which in 1775 defeated the troops of the Slavic-Aryan Empire (Great Tartaria), and later this event was called the suppression of the peasant revolt of Emelyan Pugachev... In July 1918 Jacob Schiff gives command to one of his trusted persons in the Bolshevik leadership Yakov Sverdlov for the ritual murder of the royal family. Sverdlov, after consulting with Lenin, orders the commandant of Ipatiev’s house, a security officer Yakov Yurovsky carry out the plan. According to official history, on the night of July 16-17, 1918, Nikolai Romanov, along with his wife and children, was shot.

At the meeting, Nikolai Levashov said that in fact NikolaiII and his family were not shot! This statement immediately raises many questions. I decided to look into them. Many works have been written on this topic, and the picture of the execution and the testimony of witnesses look plausible at first glance. The facts obtained by investigator A.F. do not fit into the logical chain. Kirstoy, who joined the investigation in August 1918. During the investigation, he interviewed Dr. P.I. Utkin, who reported that at the end of October 1918 he was invited to the building occupied by the Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution to provide medical care. The victim turned out to be a young girl, presumably 22 years old, with a cut lip and a tumor under her eye. To the question “who is she?” the girl replied that she was “ daughter of the Tsar Anastasia" During the investigation, investigator Kirsta did not find the corpses of the royal family in Ganina Pit. Soon, Kirsta found numerous witnesses who told him during interrogations that in September 1918, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and the Grand Duchesses were kept in Perm. And the witness Samoilov stated from the words of his neighbor, the guard of Ipatiev’s house Varakushev, that there was no execution, the royal family was loaded into a carriage and taken away.

After receiving this data, A.F. Kirst is removed from the case and ordered to hand over all materials to investigator A.S. Sokolov. Nikolai Levashov reported that the motive for saving the lives of the Tsar and his family was the desire of the Bolsheviks, contrary to the orders of their masters, to take possession of hidden wealth of the dynasty The Romanovs, whose location Nikolai Alexandrovich certainly knew. Soon the organizers of the execution in 1919, Sverdlov, and Lenin in 1924 die. Nikolai Viktorovich clarified that Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov communicated with I.V. Stalin, and the wealth of the Russian Empire was used to strengthen the power of the USSR..."

Speech by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Veniamin Alekseev.
Ekaterinburg remains - more questions than answers:

If this was the first lie of Comrade. Starikova, one might well think that the person still knows little and was simply mistaken. But Starikov is the author of several very good books and is very savvy in matters of recent Russian history. This leads to the obvious conclusion that he is deliberately disingenuous. I won’t write here about the reasons for this lie, although they lie right on the surface... I’d better give some more evidence that the royal family was not executed in July 1918, and the rumor about the execution was most likely started for “reporting” before customers - Schiff and other comrades who financed the coup in Russia in February 1917…

Did Nicholas II meet with Stalin?

There are suggestions that Nicholas II was not shot, and the entire female half of the royal family was taken to Germany. But the documents are still classified...

For me, this story began in November 1983. I then worked as a photojournalist for a French agency and was sent to a summit of heads of state and government in Venice. There I accidentally met an Italian colleague, who, having learned that I was Russian, showed me a newspaper (I think it was La Repubblica) dated the day of our meeting. In the article to which the Italian drew my attention, it was said that a certain nun, Sister Pascalina, died in Rome at a very old age. I later learned that this woman held an important position in the Vatican hierarchy under Pope Pius XII (1939-1958), but that is not the point.

The secret of the Vatican's "Iron Lady"

This sister Pascalina, who earned the honorable nickname of the “Iron Lady” of the Vatican, before her death called a notary with two witnesses and in their presence dictated information that she did not want to take with her to the grave: one of the daughters of the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II - Olga- was not shot by the Bolsheviks on the night of July 16-17, 1918, but lived long life and was buried in a cemetery in the village of Marcotte in northern Italy.

After the summit, I and my Italian friend, who was both my driver and translator, went to this village. We found the cemetery and this grave. On the plate was written in German:

« Olga Nikolaevna, eldest daughter Russian Tsar Nicholas Romanov” – and dates of life: “1895-1976”.

We talked with the cemetery watchman and his wife: they, like all the village residents, remembered Olga Nikolaevna very well, knew who she was, and were sure that she was Russian Grand Duchess is under the protection of the Vatican.

This strange find interested me extremely, and I decided to look into all the circumstances of the execution myself. And in general, was he there?

I have every reason to believe that there was no execution. On the night of July 16-17, all the Bolsheviks and their sympathizers left by rail for Perm. The next morning, leaflets were posted around Yekaterinburg with the message that the royal family was taken away from the city, - so it was. Soon the city was occupied by whites. Naturally, an investigative commission was formed “in the case of the disappearance of Sovereign Nicholas II, the Empress, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses,” which did not find any convincing traces of the execution.

Investigator Sergeev in 1919 he said in an interview with an American newspaper:

“I don’t think that everyone was executed here - both the king and his family. “In my opinion, the empress, prince and grand duchesses were not executed in Ipatiev’s house.” This conclusion did not suit Admiral Kolchak, who by that time had already proclaimed himself the “supreme ruler of Russia.” And really, why does the “supreme” need some kind of emperor? Kolchak ordered the assembly of a second investigative team, which got to the bottom of the fact that in September 1918 the Empress and the Grand Duchesses were kept in Perm. Only the third investigator, Nikolai Sokolov (led the case from February to May 1919), turned out to be more understanding and issued the well-known conclusion that the entire family was shot, the corpses dismembered and burned at the stake. “Parts that were not susceptible to fire,” wrote Sokolov, “were destroyed with the help of sulfuric acid».

What, then, was buried? in 1998. in the Peter and Paul Cathedral? Let me remind you that shortly after the start of perestroika, some skeletons were found in Porosyonkovo ​​Log near Yekaterinburg. In 1998, they were solemnly reburied in the Romanov family tomb, after numerous genetic examinations were carried out before that. Moreover, the guarantor of the authenticity of the royal remains was the secular power of Russia in the person of President Boris Yeltsin. But the Russian Orthodox Church refused to recognize the bones as the remains of the royal family.

But let's go back to the Civil War. According to my information, the royal family was divided in Perm. The path of the female part lay in Germany, while the men - Nikolai Romanov himself and Tsarevich Alexei - were left in Russia. Father and son were kept for a long time near Serpukhov at the former dacha of the merchant Konshin. Later in the NKVD reports this place was known as "Object No. 17". Most likely, the prince died in 1920 from hemophilia. I can’t say anything about the fate of the last Russian emperor. Except for one thing: in the 30s “Object No. 17” Stalin visited twice. Does this mean that Nicholas II was still alive in those years?

The men were left hostage

To understand why such incredible events from the point of view of a person of the 21st century became possible and to find out who needed them, you will have to go back to 1918. Do you remember from the school history course about the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty? Yes, on March 3, in Brest-Litovsk, a peace treaty was concluded between Soviet Russia on the one hand and Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey on the other. Russia lost Poland, Finland, the Baltic states and part of Belarus. But this was not why Lenin called the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty “humiliating” and “obscene.” By the way, the full text of the agreement has not yet been published either in the East or in the West. I believe that because of the secret conditions present in it. Probably the Kaiser, who was a relative of Empress Maria Feodorovna, demanded that all women of the royal family be transferred to Germany. The girls had no rights to the Russian throne and, therefore, could not threaten the Bolsheviks in any way. The men remained hostage - as guarantors that the German army would not venture further east than stated in the peace treaty.

What happened next? What was the fate of the women brought to the West? Was their silence a requirement for their integrity? Unfortunately, I have more questions than answers.

Interview with Vladimir Sychev on the Romanov case

A most interesting interview with Vladimir Sychev, who refutes the official version of the execution of the royal family. He talks about the grave of Olga Romanova in northern Italy, about the investigation of two British journalists, about the conditions of the Brest Peace of 1918, under which all the women of the royal family were handed over to the Germans in Kyiv...

Author – Vladimir Sychev

In June 1987, I was in Venice as part of the French press accompanying François Mitterrand to the G7 summit. During breaks between pools, an Italian journalist approached me and asked me something in French. Realizing from my accent that I was not French, he looked at my French accreditation and asked where I was from. “Russian,” I answered. - Is that so? – my interlocutor was surprised. Under his arm he held an Italian newspaper, from which he translated a huge, half-page article.

Sister Pascalina dies in a private clinic in Switzerland. She was known to the entire Catholic world, because... passed with the future Pope Pius XXII from 1917, when he was still Cardinal Pacelli in Munich (Bavaria), until his death in the Vatican in 1958. She had such a strong influence on him that he entrusted her with the entire administration of the Vatican, and when the cardinals asked for an audience with the Pope, she decided who was worthy of such an audience and who was not. This is a short retelling great article, the meaning of which was that we had to believe the phrase uttered at the end and not by a mere mortal. Sister Paskalina asked to invite a lawyer and witnesses because she did not want to take her to the grave the secret of your life. When they appeared, she only said that the woman buried in the village Morcote, near Lake Maggiore – indeed daughter of the Russian Tsar - Olga!!

I convinced my Italian colleague that this was a gift from Fate, and that it was useless to resist it. Having learned that he was from Milan, I told him that I would not fly back to Paris on the presidential press plane, but he and I would go to this village for half a day. We went there after the summit. It turned out that this was no longer Italy, but Switzerland, but we quickly found a village, a cemetery and a cemetery watchman who led us to the grave. On the gravestone there is a photograph of an elderly woman and an inscription in German: Olga Nikolaevna(no surname), eldest daughter of Nikolai Romanov, Tsar of Russia, and dates of life – 1985-1976!!!

The Italian journalist was an excellent translator for me, but he clearly didn’t want to stay there for the whole day. All I had to do was ask questions.

– When did she live here? – In 1948.

– She said that she was the daughter of the Russian Tsar? - Of course, the whole village knew about it.

– Did this get into the press? - Yes.

– How did the other Romanovs react to this? Did they sue? - They served it.

- And she lost? - Yes, I lost.

- In this case, she had to pay legal expenses the other side. - She paid.

– Did she work? - No.

-Where does she get the money from? – Yes, the whole village knew that the Vatican was supporting her!!

The ring has closed. I went to Paris and began to look for what was known on this issue... And quickly came across a book by two English journalists.

II

Tom Mangold and Anthony Summers published a book in 1979 "Dossier on the Tsar"(“The Romanov Case, or the Execution that Never Happened”). They started with the fact that if the classification of secrecy from state archives is removed after 60 years, then in 1978 60 years will expire from the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, and you can “dig up” something there by looking into the declassified archives. That is, at first the idea was just to look... And they very quickly got to telegrams the British ambassador to his Foreign Ministry that the royal family was taken from Yekaterinburg to Perm. There is no need to explain to BBC professionals that this is a sensation. They rushed to Berlin.

It quickly became clear that the Whites, having entered Yekaterinburg on July 25, immediately appointed an investigator to investigate the execution of the royal family. Nikolai Sokolov, whose book everyone still refers to, is the third investigator who received the case only at the end of February 1919! Then a simple question arises: who were the first two and what did they report to their superiors? So, the first investigator named Nametkin, appointed by Kolchak, having worked for three months and declaring that he is a professional, the matter is simple, and he does not need additional time (and the Whites were advancing and did not doubt their victory at that time - i.e. all the time is yours, don’t rush, work!), puts a report on the table stating that there was no execution, but there was a mock execution. Kolchak shelved this report and appointed a second investigator named Sergeev. He also works for three months and at the end of February hands Kolchak the same report with the same words (“I am a professional, it’s a simple matter, no additional time is needed,” there was no execution– there was a mock execution).

Here it is necessary to explain and remind that it was the Whites who overthrew the Tsar, not the Reds, and they sent him into exile in Siberia! Lenin was in Zurich these February days. No matter what ordinary soldiers say, the white elite are not monarchists, but republicans. And Kolchak did not need a living Tsar. I advise those who have doubts to read Trotsky’s diaries, where he writes that “if the Whites had nominated any tsar - even a peasant one - we would not have lasted even two weeks”! These are the words of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army and the ideologist of the Red Terror!! Please believe me.

Therefore, Kolchak already appoints “his” investigator Nikolai Sokolov and gives him a task. And Nikolai Sokolov also works for only three months - but for a different reason. The Reds entered Yekaterinburg in May, and he retreated along with the Whites. He took the archives, but what did he write?

1. He did not find any corpses, and for the police of any country in any system “no bodies - no murder” is a disappearance! After all, when arresting serial killers, the police demand to see where the corpses are hidden!! You can say anything, even about yourself, but the investigator needs physical evidence!

And Nikolai Sokolov “hangs the first noodles on our ears”:

“thrown into a mine, filled with acid”.

Nowadays they prefer to forget this phrase, but we heard it until 1998! And for some reason no one ever doubted it. Is it possible to fill a mine with acid? But there won't be enough acid! In the local history museum of Yekaterinburg, where director Avdonin (the same one, one of the three who “accidentally” found the bones on the Starokotlyakovskaya road, cleared before them by three investigators in 1918-19), there is a certificate about those soldiers on the truck that they had 78 liters of gasoline (not acid). In July, in the Siberian taiga, with 78 liters of gasoline, you can burn the entire Moscow zoo! No, they went back and forth, first they threw it into the mine, poured it with acid, and then took it out and hid it under the sleepers...

By the way, on the night of the “execution” from July 16 to 17, 1918, a huge train with the entire local Red Army, the local Central Committee and the local Cheka left Yekaterinburg for Perm. The Whites entered on the eighth day, and Yurovsky, Beloborodov and his comrades shifted responsibility to two soldiers? Inconsistency, - tea, we were not dealing with a peasant revolt. And if they shot at their own discretion, they could have done it a month earlier.

2. The second “noodle” by Nikolai Sokolov - he describes the basement of the Ipatievsky house, publishes photographs where it is clear that there are bullets in the walls and ceiling (when they stage an execution, this is apparently what they do). Conclusion - the women's corsets were filled with diamonds, and the bullets ricocheted! So, it’s like this: the Tsar from the throne and into exile in Siberia. Money in England and Switzerland, and they sew diamonds into corsets to sell to peasants at the market? Well, well!

3. The same book by Nikolai Sokolov describes the same basement in the same Ipatiev house, where in the fireplace there are clothes from every member of the imperial family and hair from every head. Did they have their hair cut and changed (undressed??) before being shot? Not at all - they were taken out on the same train on that very “night of the execution”, but they cut their hair and changed their clothes so that no one would recognize them there.

III

Tom Magold and Anthony Summers intuitively understood that the answer to this intriguing detective story must be sought in Treaty of the Brest-Litovsk Peace. And they began to look for the original text. So what?? With all the removal of secrets after 60 years of such an official document nowhere! It is not in the declassified archives of London or Berlin. They searched everywhere - and found only quotes everywhere, but nowhere could they find the full text! And they came to the conclusion that the Kaiser demanded from Lenin that the women be extradited. The Tsar's wife was a relative of the Kaiser, his daughters were German citizens and had no right to the throne, and besides, the Kaiser at that moment could crush Lenin like a bug! And here are Lenin’s words that “The world is humiliating and obscene, but it must be signed”, and the July coup attempt by the Social Revolutionaries with those who joined them in Bolshoi Theater Dzerzhinsky takes on a completely different look.

Officially, we were taught that Trotsky signed the Treaty only on the second attempt and only after the start of the German army’s offensive, when it became clear to everyone that the Republic of Soviets could not resist. If there is simply no army, what is “humiliating and obscene” here? Nothing. But if it is necessary to hand over all the women of the royal family, and even to the Germans, and even during the First World War, then ideologically everything is in its place, and the words are read correctly. Which Lenin did, and the entire ladies’ section was handed over to the Germans in Kyiv. And immediately murder German Ambassador Mirbach in Moscow and the German consul in Kyiv begin to make sense.

“Dossier on the Tsar” is a fascinating investigation into one cunningly intricate intrigue of world history. The book was published in 1979, so the words of sister Paskalina in 1983 about Olga’s grave could not have been included in it. And if there were no new facts, there would be no point in simply retelling someone else’s book here.

10 years have passed. In November 1997, in Moscow, I met former political prisoner Geliy Donskoy from St. Petersburg. The conversation over tea in the kitchen also touched upon the king and his family. When I said that there was no execution, he calmly answered me:

– I know it wasn’t.

- Well, you are the first in 10 years,

- I answered him, almost falling from my chair.

Then I asked him to tell me his sequence of events, wanting to find out at what point our versions coincide and at what point they begin to diverge. He did not know about the extradition of the women, believing that they died somewhere in different places. There was no doubt that they were all taken out of Yekaterinburg. I told him about the “Dossier on the Tsar,” and he told me about one seemingly insignificant find that he and his friends noticed in the 80s.

They came across the memoirs of the participants in the “execution”, published in the 30s. In them, in addition to the well-known facts that two weeks before the “execution” a new guard arrived, they said that a high fence was built around the Ipatievsky house. It would be of no use for execution in a basement, but if a family needs to be taken out unnoticed, then it would come in handy. The most important thing - something that no one had ever paid attention to before - the head of the new guard spoke with Yurovsky at foreign language! They checked the lists - the head of the new guard was Lisitsyn (all participants in the “execution” are known). It seems nothing special. And here they were really lucky: at the beginning of perestroika, Gorbachev opened hitherto closed archives (my Sovietologist friends confirmed that this happened for two years), and then they began searching in declassified documents. And they found it! It turned out that Lisitsyn was not Lisitsyn at all, but an American Fox!!! I was ready for this a long time ago. I already knew from books and from life that Trotsky came to make a revolution from New York on a ship full of Americans (everyone knows about Lenin and the two carriages with Germans and Austrians). The Kremlin was full of foreigners who did not speak Russian (there was even Petin, but an Austrian!) Therefore, the guards were made up of Latvian riflemen, so that the people would not even think that foreigners had seized power.

And then my new friend Geliy Donskoy completely captivated me. He asked himself one very important question. Fox-Lisitsyn arrived as the head of the new guard (in reality, the head of the royal family’s security) on July 2. On the night of the “execution” on July 16-17, 1918, he left on the same train. And where did he get his new assignment? He became the first head of the new secret facility No. 17 near Serpukhov (on the estate of the former merchant Konshin), which Stalin visited twice! (why?! More on that below.)

I have been telling this whole story with the new continuation to all my friends since 1997.

On one of my visits to Moscow, my friend Yura Feklistov asked me to visit his school friend, and now a candidate of historical sciences, so that I could tell him everything myself. That historian named Sergei was the press secretary of the Kremlin commandant’s office (scientists were not paid salaries in those days). At the appointed hour, Yura and I climbed the wide Kremlin stairs and entered the office. Just like now in this article, I started with sister Pascalina and when I came to her phrase that “the woman buried in the village of Morkote is really the daughter of the Russian Tsar Olga,” Sergei almost jumped: “Now it’s clear why The Patriarch did not go to the funeral! - he exclaimed.

This was also obvious to me - after all, despite the strained relations between different faiths, when it comes to persons of this rank, information is exchanged. I just did not understand the position of the “workers”, who from faithful Marxists-Leninists suddenly became devout Christians, do not value several statements of His Holiness himself. After all, even I, being in Moscow only on visits, twice heard the Patriarch say on central television that the examination of the royal bones cannot be trusted! I heard it twice, but what, no one else?? Well, he could not say more and declare publicly that there was no execution. This is the prerogative of the highest government officials, not the church.

Further, when at the very end I told that the tsar and the prince were settled near Serpukhov on the Konshin estate, Sergei shouted: “Vasya!” You have all of Stalin's movements in your computer. Well, tell me, was he in the Serpukhov area? “Vasya turned on the computer and answered: “I was there twice.” Once at the dacha of a foreign writer, and another time at Ordzhonikidze’s dacha.

I was prepared for this turn of events. The fact is that not only John Reed (a journalist and writer of one book) is buried in the Kremlin wall, but 117 foreigners are buried there! And this was from November 1917 to January 1919!! These are the same German, Austrian and American communists from the Kremlin offices. People like Fox-Lisitsyn, John Reed and other Americans who left their mark on Soviet history after the fall of Trotsky were legalized by official Soviet historians as journalists. (An interesting parallel: the artist Roerich’s expedition to Tibet from Moscow was paid for by the Americans in 1920! This means there were a lot of them there). Others ran away - they were not children and knew what awaited them. By the way, apparently, this Fox was the founder of the “XX Century Fox” cinema empire in 1934 after Trotsky’s expulsion.

But let's return to Stalin. I think few people will believe that Stalin traveled 100 km from Moscow to meet with a “foreign writer” or even Sergo Ordzhonikidze! He received them in the Kremlin.

He met the Tsar there!! With the man in the iron mask!!!

And this was in the 30s. This is where writers' imaginations can unfold!

These two meetings are very intriguing to me. I'm sure they discussed at least one topic seriously. And Stalin did not discuss this topic with anyone. He believed the Tsar, not his marshals! This Finnish war- Finnish campaign, as it is shyly called in Soviet history. Why the campaign - after all, there was a war? Yes, because there was no preparation - a campaign! And only the tsar could give such advice to Stalin. He had been in captivity for 20 years. The king knew the past - Finland was never a state. The Finns really defended themselves to the last. When the order for a truce came, several thousand soldiers came out of the Soviet trenches, and only four from the Finnish ones.

Instead of an afterword

About 10 years ago I told this story to my Moscow colleague Sergei. When he reached the Konshin estate, where the Tsar and the Tsarevich were settled, he became agitated, stopped the car and said:

“Let my wife tell you.”

– I dialed the number on my mobile and asked:

- Darling, do you remember how we were students in 1972 in Serpukhov on the Konshina estate, where is the local history museum? Tell me, why were we shocked then?

“And my dear wife answered me on the phone:

“We were completely horrified.” All graves have been opened. We were told that they were plundered by bandits.

I think that it was not the bandits, but that they had already decided to deal with the bones at the right moment. By the way, in the Konshin estate there was the grave of Colonel Romanov. The king was a colonel.

June 2012, Paris – Berlin

The Romanov case, or the execution that never happened

A. Summers T. Mangold

translation: Yuri Ivanovich Senin

The Romanov Case, or the Execution that Never Happened

The story described in this book can be called a detective story, although it is the result of a serious journalistic investigation. Dozens of books told with great conviction how the Bolsheviks shot the Royal Family in the basement of the Ipatiev House.

It would seem that the version of the execution of the Royal Family has been clearly proven. However, in most of these works, the “bibliography” section mentions the book by American journalists A. Summers and T. Mangold “The file on the tsar”, published in London in 1976. Mentioned, that's all. No comments, no links. And no translations. Even the original of this book is not easy to find.

The Romanov family was numerous; there were no problems with the successors to the throne. In 1918, after the Bolsheviks shot the emperor, his wife and children, a large number of impostors appeared. Rumors spread that that very night in Yekaterinburg, one of them still survived.

And today many believe that one of the children could have been saved and that their offspring could live among us.

After the massacre of the imperial family, many believed that Anastasia managed to escape

Anastasia was Nikolai's youngest daughter. In 1918, when the Romanovs were executed, Anastasia’s remains were not found in the family’s burial place and rumors spread that the young princess had survived.

People all over the world have been reincarnated as Anastasia. One of the most prominent impostors was Anna Anderson. I think she was from Poland.

Anna imitated Anastasia in her behavior, and rumors that Anastasia was alive spread quite quickly. Many also tried to imitate her sisters and brother. People all over the world tried to cheat, but Russia had the most doppelgängers.

Many believed that the children of Nicholas II survived. But even after the burial of the Romanov family was found, scientists were unable to identify the remains of Anastasia. Most historians still cannot confirm that the Bolsheviks killed Anastasia.

Later, a secret burial was found, in which the remains of the young princess were discovered, and forensic experts were able to prove that she died along with the rest of the family in 1918. Her remains were reburied in 1998.

Scientists were able to compare the DNA of the found remains and modern followers of the royal family

Many people believed that the Bolsheviks buried the Romanovs in various places in the Sverdlovsk region. In addition, many were convinced that two of the children were able to escape.

There was a theory that Tsarevich Alexei and Princess Maria were able to escape from the scene of the terrible execution. In 1976, scientists picked up a trail with the remains of the Romanovs. In 1991, when the era of communism was over, researchers were able to obtain government permission to open the burial site of the Romanovs, the same one left by the Bolsheviks.

But scientists needed DNA analysis to confirm the theory. They asked Prince Philip and Prince Michael of Kent to provide DNA samples to compare with those of the royal couple. Forensic experts confirmed that the DNA did indeed belong to the Romanovs. As a result of this research, it was possible to confirm that the Bolsheviks buried Tsarevich Alexei and Princess Maria separately from the rest.

Some people devoted their free time to searching for traces of the real burial site of the family

In 2007, Sergei Plotnikov, one of the founders of an amateur historical group, made an amazing discovery. His group was searching for any facts related to the royal family.

In his free time, Sergei was engaged in searching for the remains of the Romanovs at the supposed site of the first burial. And one day he was lucky, he came across something solid and started digging.

To his surprise, he found several fragments of pelvic and skull bones. After an examination, it was established that these bones belong to the children of Nicholas II.

Few people know that the methods of killing family members differed from each other.

After an analysis of the bones of Alexei and Maria, it was found that the bones were severely damaged, but differently than the bones of the emperor himself.

Traces of bullets were found on Nikolai's remains, which means the children were killed in a different way. The rest of the family also suffered in their own ways.

Scientists were able to establish that Alexei and Maria were doused with acid and died from burns. Despite the fact that these two children were buried separately from the rest of the family, they suffered no less.

There was a lot of confusion around the Romanov bones, but in the end scientists were able to establish that they belonged to the family

Archaeologists discovered 9 skulls, teeth, bullets of various calibers, fabric from clothes and wires from a wooden box. The remains were determined to be those of a boy and a woman, with approximate ages ranging from 10 to 23 years.

The likelihood that the boy was Tsarevich Alexei, and the girl Princess Maria, is quite high. In addition, there were theories that the government managed to discover the location where the Romanov bones were kept. There were rumors that the remains had been found back in 1979, but the government kept this information secret.

One of research groups was very close to the truth, but they soon ran out of money

In 1990, another group of archaeologists decided to start excavations, in the hope that they would be able to discover some more traces of the location of the remains of the Romanovs.

After several days or even weeks, they dug up an area the size of a football field, but never completed the study because they ran out of money. Surprisingly, Sergei Plotnikov found bone fragments in this very territory.

Due to the fact that the Russian Orthodox Church demanded more and more confirmation of the authenticity of the Romanov bones, the reburial was postponed several times

The Russian Orthodox Church refused to accept the fact that the bones actually belonged to the Romanov family. The Church demanded more evidence that these same remains were actually found in the burial of the royal family in Yekaterinburg.

The successors of the Romanov family supported the Russian Orthodox Church, demanding additional research and confirmation that the bones really belong to the children of Nicholas II.

The reburial of the family was postponed many times, as the Russian Orthodox Church each time questioned the correctness of the DNA analysis and the belonging of the bones to the Romanov family. The church asked forensic experts to conduct an additional examination. After scientists finally managed to convince the church that the remains really belonged to the royal family, the Russian Orthodox Church planned a reburial.

The Bolsheviks eliminated the bulk of the imperial family, but their distant relatives are alive to this day

Continuers family tree The Romanov dynasty lives among us. One of the heirs to the royal genes is Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and he provided his DNA for research. Prince Philip is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II, grandniece of Princess Alexandra, and the great-great-great-grandson of Nicholas I.

Another relative who helped with DNA identification is Prince Michael of Kent. His grandmother was cousin Nicholas II.

There are eight more successors of this family: Hugh Grosvenor, Constantine II, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna Romanova, Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich, Olga Andreevna Romanova, Francis Alexander Matthew, Nicoletta Romanova, Rostislav Romanov. But these relatives did not provide their DNA for analysis, since Prince Philip and Prince Michael of Kent were recognized as the closest relatives.

Of course the Bolsheviks tried to cover up the traces of their crime

The Bolsheviks executed the royal family in Yekaterinburg, and they needed to somehow hide the evidence of the crime.

There are two theories about how the Bolsheviks killed children. According to the first version, they first shot Nikolai, and then put his daughters in a mine where no one could find them. The Bolsheviks tried to blow up the mine, but their plan failed, so they decided to pour acid on the children and burn them.

According to the second version, the Bolsheviks wanted to cremate the bodies of the murdered Alexei and Maria. After several studies, scientists and forensic experts concluded that it was not possible to cremate the bodies.

To be cremated human body, really needed high temperature, and the Bolsheviks were in the forest, and they did not have the opportunity to create necessary conditions. After unsuccessful attempts cremation, they still decided to bury the bodies, but divided the family into two graves.

The fact that the family was not buried together explains why not all family members were initially found. This also disproves the theory that Alexei and Maria managed to escape.

By decision of the Russian Orthodox Church, the remains of the Romanovs were buried in one of the churches in St. Petersburg

The mystery of the Romanov dynasty rests with their remains in the Church of Saints Peter and Paul in St. Petersburg. After numerous studies, scientists still agreed that the remains belong to Nikolai and his family.

The last farewell ceremony took place in an Orthodox church and lasted three days. During funeral procession many still questioned the authenticity of the remains. But scientists say the bones match 97% of the royal family's DNA.

In Russia, this ceremony was given special meaning. Residents of fifty countries around the world watched as the Romanov family retired. It took more than 80 years to debunk the myths about the family of the last emperor of the Russian Empire. With the completion of the funeral procession, an entire era passed into the past.

Almost a hundred years have passed since that scary night, when the Russian Empire ceased to exist forever. Until now, no historian can state unequivocally what happened that night and whether any of the family members survived. Most likely, the secret of this family will remain unsolved and we can only guess what really happened.

Hundreds of books have been published about the tragedy of the family of Tsar Nicholas II in many languages ​​of the world. These studies fairly objectively present the events of July 1918 in Russia. I had to read, analyze and compare some of these works. However, many mysteries, inaccuracies and even deliberate untruths remain.

Among the most reliable information are interrogation protocols and other documents of the Kolchak court investigator for especially important cases N.A. Sokolova. In July 1918, after the capture of Yekaterinburg by White troops, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Siberia, Admiral A.V. Kolchak appointed N.A. Sokolov was the leader in the case of the execution of the royal family in this city.

N.A. Sokolov

Sokolov worked in Yekaterinburg for two years, interrogated a large number of people involved in these events, and tried to find the remains of executed members of the royal family. After the capture of Yekaterinburg by Red troops, Sokolov left Russia and in 1925 in Berlin he published the book “The Murder of the Royal Family.” He took with him all four copies of his materials.

The Central Party Archives of the CPSU Central Committee, where I worked as a leader, kept mostly original (first) copies of these materials (about a thousand pages). How they got into our archive is unknown. I read all of them carefully.

For the first time, a detailed study of materials related to the circumstances of the execution of the royal family was carried out on instructions from the CPSU Central Committee in 1964.

The detailed information “on some circumstances related to the execution of the Romanov royal family” dated December 16, 1964 (CPA Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the CPSU Central Committee, fund 588 inventory 3C) documents and objectively examines all these problems.

The certificate was then written by the head of the sector of the ideological department of the CPSU Central Committee, Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, an outstanding political figure in Russia. Not being able to publish the entire reference mentioned, I will cite only some passages from it.

“The archives did not reveal any official reports or resolutions preceding the execution of the Romanov royal family. There is no indisputable information about the participants in the execution. In this regard, materials published in the Soviet and foreign press, and some documents from Soviet party and state archives were studied and compared. In addition, the stories of the former assistant commandant of the Special Purpose House in Yekaterinburg, where the royal family was kept, G.P., were recorded on tape. Nikulin and former member of the board of the Ural Regional Cheka I.I. Radzinsky. These are the only surviving comrades who had one way or another to do with the execution of the Romanov royal family. Based on the available documents and memories, often contradictory, it is possible to create the following picture of the execution itself and the circumstances surrounding this event. As you know, Nicholas II and members of his family were shot on the night of July 16-17, 1918 in Yekaterinburg. Documentary sources indicate that Nicholas II and his family were executed by decision of the Ural Regional Council. In protocol No. 1 of the meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of July 18, 1918, we read: “Listen to: Report on the execution of Nikolai Romanov (telegram from Yekaterinburg). Resolved: Based on the discussion, the following resolution is adopted: The Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee recognizes the decision of the Ural Regional Council as correct. Instruct tt. Sverdlov, Sosnovsky and Avanesov to draw up a corresponding notice for the press. Publish about the documents available in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee - (diary, letters, etc.) of the former Tsar N. Romanov and instruct Comrade Sverdlov to form a special commission to analyze these papers and publish them.” The original, stored in the Central State Archive, is signed by Y.M. Sverdlov. As V.P. writes Milyutin (People's Commissar of Agriculture of the RSFSR), on the same day, July 18, 1918, a regular meeting of the Council of People's Commissars was held in the Kremlin late in the evening ( Council of People's Commissars.— Ed.) chaired by V.I. Lenin. “During Comrade Semashko’s report, Ya.M. entered the meeting room. Sverdlov. He sat down on a chair behind Vladimir Ilyich. Semashko finished his report. Sverdlov came up, leaned towards Ilyich and said something. “Comrades, Sverdlov asks to speak for a message,” Lenin announced. “I must say,” Sverdlov began in his usual even tone, “a message has been received that in Yekaterinburg, by order of the regional Council, Nikolai was shot.” Nikolai wanted to run. The Czechoslovaks were approaching. The Presidium of the Central Election Commission decided to approve. Silence of everyone. “Let’s now move on to an article-by-article reading of the draft,” suggested Vladimir Ilyich.” (Spotlight Magazine, 1924, p. 10). This is a message from Ya.M. Sverdlov was recorded in minutes No. 159 of the meeting of the Council of People's Commissars of July 18, 1918: “Listen to: An extraordinary statement by the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, Comrade Sverdlov, on the execution of the former Tsar Nicholas II by the verdict of the Yekaterinburg Council of Deputies and on the approval of this verdict by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee. Resolved: Take note." The original of this protocol, signed by V.I. Lenin, kept in the party archive of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. A few months before this, at a meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the issue of transferring the Romanov family from Tobolsk to Yekaterinburg was discussed. Ya.M. Sverdlov speaks about this on May 9, 1918: “I must tell you that the question of the position of the former tsar was raised in our Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee back in November, at the beginning of December (1917) and since then has been raised several times, but we did not accept no decision, taking into account the fact that it is necessary to first become acquainted with exactly how, under what conditions, how reliable the security is, how, in a word, the former king Nikolai Romanov." At the same meeting, Sverdlov reported to the members of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee that at the very beginning of April, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee heard a report from a representative of the committee of the team guarding the Tsar. “Based on this report, we came to the conclusion that it was impossible to leave Nikolai Romanov in Tobolsk any longer... The Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to transfer the former Tsar Nicholas to a more reliable point. The center of the Urals, Yekaterinburg, was chosen as such a more reliable point.” Old Ural communists also say in their memoirs that the issue of transferring Nicholas II’s family was resolved with the participation of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Radzinsky said that the initiative for the transfer belonged to the Ural Regional Council, and “the Center did not object” (Tape recording dated May 15, 1964). P.N. Bykov, a former member of the Ural Council, in his book “The Last Days of the Romanovs,” published in 1926 in Sverdlovsk, writes that at the beginning of March 1918, the regional military commissar I. Goloshchekin (party nickname “Philip”) went to Moscow specifically for this occasion. ). He was given permission to transfer the royal family from Tobolsk to Yekaterinburg.”

Further, in the certificate “On some circumstances related to the execution of the Romanov royal family”, terrible details of the brutal execution of the royal family are given. It talks about how the corpses were destroyed. It is said that about half a pound of diamonds and jewelry were found in the sewn-up corsets and belts of the dead. I would not like to discuss such inhumane acts in this article.

For many years, the world press has been spreading the assertion that “the true course of events and the refutation of the “falsifications of Soviet historians” are contained in Trotsky’s diary entries, which were not intended for publication, and therefore, they say, are especially frank. They were prepared for publication and published by Yu.G. Felshtinsky in the collection: “Leon Trotsky. Diaries and Letters" (Hermitage, USA, 1986).

I give an excerpt from this book.

“April 9 (1935) The White Press once very heatedly debated the question of whose decision the royal family was put to death. The liberals seemed inclined to believe that the Ural executive committee, cut off from Moscow, acted independently. This is not true. The decision was made in Moscow. It happened in critical period civil war, when I spent almost all my time at the front, and my memories of the affairs of the royal family are fragmentary.”

In other documents, Trotsky talks about a Politburo meeting a few weeks before the fall of Yekaterinburg, at which he defended the need for an open trial, “which was supposed to unfold the picture of the entire reign.”

“Lenin responded in the sense that it would be very good if it were feasible. But there may not be enough time. There were no debates because I did not insist on my proposal, being absorbed in other matters.”

In the next episode from the diaries, the most frequently quoted, Trotsky recalls how, after the execution, when asked about who decided the fate of the Romanovs, Sverdlov replied: “We decided here. Ilyich believed that we should not leave them a living banner, especially in the current difficult conditions.”

Nicholas II with his daughters Olga, Anastasia and Tatyana (Tobolsk, winter 1917). Photo: Wikipedia

“They decided” and “Ilyich believed” can, and according to other sources, should be interpreted as the adoption of a general fundamental decision that the Romanovs cannot be left as a “living banner of counter-revolution.”

And is it so important that the direct decision to execute the Romanov family was made by the Ural Council?

I present another interesting document. This is a telegraphic request dated July 16, 1918 from Copenhagen, in which it was written: “To Lenin, member of the government. From Copenhagen. Here a rumor spread that the former king had been killed. Please provide the facts over the phone.” On the telegram, Lenin wrote in his own hand: “Copenhagen. The rumor is false, the former tsar is healthy, all rumors are lies of the capitalist press. Lenin."

We were unable to find out whether a reply telegram was sent then. But this was the very eve of that tragic day when the Tsar and his relatives were shot.

Ivan Kitaev- especially for Novaya

reference

Ivan Kitaev is a historian, candidate of historical sciences, vice-president of the International Academy of Corporate Governance. He went from a carpenter working on the construction of the Semipalatinsk test site and the Abakan-Tayshet road, from a military builder who built a uranium enrichment plant in the taiga wilderness, to an academician. Graduated from two institutes, the Academy of Social Sciences, and graduate school. He worked as secretary of the Togliatti city committee, Kuibyshev regional committee, director of the Central Party Archive, deputy director of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. After 1991, he worked as head of the main department and head of a department of the Russian Ministry of Industry, and taught at the academy.

Lenin is characterized by the highest measure

About the organizers and those who ordered the murder of Nikolai Romanov’s family

In his diaries, Trotsky does not limit himself to quoting the words of Sverdlov and Lenin, but also expresses his own opinion about the execution of the royal family:

"Essentially, the decision ( about execution. — OH.) was not only expedient, but also necessary. The severity of the reprisal showed everyone that we would fight mercilessly, stopping at nothing. The execution of the royal family was needed not just to intimidate, terrify, and deprive the enemy of hope, but also to shake up one’s own ranks, to show that there was no retreat, that complete victory or complete destruction lay ahead. There were probably doubts and shaking of heads in the party's intellectual circles. But the masses of workers and soldiers did not doubt for a minute: they would not have understood or accepted any other decision. Lenin felt this well: the ability to think and feel for the masses and with the masses was extremely characteristic of him, especially at great political turns...”

About capital punishment characteristic of Ilyich, Lev Davidovich, of course, is the arch-right. Thus, Lenin, as is known, personally demanded that as many priests as possible be hanged, as soon as he received a signal that the masses in some localities had shown such an initiative. How can the people's power not support the initiative from below (and in reality the basest instincts of the crowd)!

As for the trial of the Tsar, which, according to Trotsky, Ilyich agreed to, but time was running out, then this trial would obviously end with Nikolai’s death sentence. Only in this case, unnecessary difficulties could arise with the royal family. And then how nice it turned out: the Ural Soviet decided - and that’s it, bribes are smooth, all power to the Soviets! Well, maybe only “in the intellectual circles of the party” there was some confusion, but it quickly passed, like Trotsky himself. In his diaries, he cites a fragment of a conversation with Sverdlov after the Yekaterinburg execution:

“- Yes, where is the king? “It’s over,” he answered, “he was shot.” -Where is the family? - And his family is with him. - All? - I asked, apparently with a tinge of surprise. - All! - answered Sverdlov. - And what? He was waiting for my reaction. I didn't answer. - Who decided? “We decided here...”

Some historians emphasize that Sverdlov did not answer “they decided,” but “they decided,” which is supposedly important for identifying the main culprits. But at the same time they take Sverdlov’s words out of the context of his conversation with Trotsky. But here it is: what is the question, such is the answer: Trotsky asks who decided, so Sverdlov answers, “We decided here.” And then he speaks even more specifically - about the fact that Ilyich believed: “we cannot leave them a living banner.”

So in his resolution on the Danish telegram of July 16, Lenin was clearly disingenuous when speaking about the lies of the capitalist press regarding the “health” of the Tsar.

In modern terms, we can say this: if the Ural Soviet was the organizer of the murder of the royal family, then Lenin was the orderer. But in Russia, organizers rarely, and those who ordered crimes, almost never end up in the dock.

We do not claim the reliability of all the facts presented in this article, but the arguments presented below are very interesting.

There was no execution of the royal family.The heir to the throne, Alyosha Romanov, became People's Commissar Alexei Kosygin.
The royal family was separated in 1918, but not executed. Maria Feodorovna left for Germany, and Nicholas II and the heir to the throne Alexei remained hostages in Russia.

In April of this year, Rosarkhiv, which was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture, was reassigned directly to the head of state. The change in status was explained by the special state value of the materials stored there. While experts were wondering what all this meant, a historical investigation appeared in the President newspaper, registered on the platform of the Presidential Administration. Its essence is that no one shot the royal family. They all lived long lives, and Tsarevich Alexei even made a career in the nomenklatura in the USSR.

The transformation of Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov into Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin was first discussed during perestroika. They referred to a leak from the party archive. The information was perceived as a historical anecdote, although the thought - what if it was true - stirred in the minds of many. After all, no one saw the remains of the royal family then, and there were always many rumors about their miraculous salvation. And suddenly, here you are - a publication about the life of the royal family after the alleged execution is published in a publication that is as far as possible from the pursuit of sensation.

— Was it possible to escape or be taken out of Ipatiev’s house? It turns out yes! - historian Sergei Zhelenkov writes to the President newspaper. - There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner dug an underground passage to it in case of capture by revolutionaries. When Boris Yeltsin destroyed the house after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel that no one knew about.

STALIN often called KOSYGIN (left) Tsarevich in front of everyone

Left hostage

What reasons did the Bolsheviks have for saving the life of the royal family?

Researchers Tom Mangold and Anthony Summers published the book “The Romanov Affair, or the Execution that Never Happened” in 1979. They started with the fact that in 1978 the 60-year secrecy stamp of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty signed in 1918 expires, and it would be interesting to look into the declassified archives.

The first thing they dug up were telegrams from the English ambassador reporting on the evacuation of the royal family from Yekaterinburg to Perm by the Bolsheviks.

According to British intelligence agents in the army of Alexander Kolchak, upon entering Yekaterinburg on July 25, 1918, the admiral immediately appointed an investigator in the case of the execution of the royal family. Three months later, Captain Nametkin put a report on his desk, where he said that instead of execution there was a re-enactment of it. Not believing it, Kolchak appointed a second investigator, Sergeev, and soon received the same results.

In parallel with them, the commission of Captain Malinovsky worked, who in June 1919 gave the following instructions to the third investigator, Nikolai Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I developed the conviction that the august family is alive... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are "simulation of murder".

Admiral Kolchak, who had already proclaimed himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia, did not need a living tsar at all, so Sokolov receives very clear instructions - to find evidence of the death of the emperor.

Sokolov can’t come up with anything better than to say: “The corpses were thrown into a mine and filled with acid.”

Tom Mangold and Anthony Summers believed that the answer should be sought in the Treaty itself. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. However, its full text is not in the declassified archives of London or Berlin. And they came to the conclusion that there were points relating to the royal family.

Probably, Emperor Wilhelm II, who was a close relative of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, demanded that all the august women be transferred to Germany. The girls had no rights to the Russian throne and therefore could not threaten the Bolsheviks. The men remained hostages - as guarantors that the German army would not march on St. Petersburg and Moscow.

This explanation seems quite logical. Especially if we remember that the tsar was overthrown not by the Reds, but by their own liberal-minded aristocracy, the bourgeoisie and the top of the army. The Bolsheviks did not have any particular hatred for Nicholas II. He did not threaten them in any way, but at the same time he was an excellent ace in the hole and a good bargaining chip in negotiations.

In addition, Lenin understood perfectly well that Nicholas II was a chicken capable, if shaken well, of laying many golden eggs so necessary for the young Soviet state. After all, the secrets of many family and state deposits in Western banks were kept in the king’s head. Later these riches Russian Empire were used for industrialization.

In the cemetery in the Italian village of Marcotta there was a gravestone on which Princess Olga Nikolaevna, the eldest daughter of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II, rested. In 1995, the grave, under the pretext of non-payment of rent, was destroyed and the ashes were transferred.

Life after "death"

According to the President newspaper, the KGB of the USSR, based on the 2nd Main Directorate, had a special department that monitored all movements of the royal family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR:

“Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the royal family and came there to meet with the emperor. Nicholas II visited the Kremlin in the uniform of an officer, which was confirmed by General Vatov, who served in Joseph Vissarionovich’s bodyguard.”

According to the newspaper, in order to honor the memory of the last emperor, monarchists can go to Nizhny Novgorod to the Red Etna cemetery, where he was buried on December 26, 1958. The famous Nizhny Novgorod elder Gregory performed the funeral service and buried the sovereign.

Much more surprising is the fate of the heir to the throne, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich.

Over time, he, like many, came to terms with the revolution and came to the conclusion that one must serve the Fatherland regardless of one’s political beliefs. However, he had no other choice.

Historian Sergei Zhelenkov provides a lot of evidence of the transformation of Tsarevich Alexei into the Red Army soldier Kosygin. During the thundering years of the Civil War, and even under the cover of the Cheka, this was really not difficult to do. Much more interesting than him further career. Stalin saw a great future in the young man and far-sightedly moved him along the economic line. Not according to the party.

In 1942, the commissioner State Committee defense in besieged Leningrad, Kosygin supervised the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoe Selo. Alexey had sailed around Ladoga many times on the yacht “Standart” and knew the surroundings of the lake well, so he organized the “Road of Life” to supply the city.

In 1949, during Malenkov’s promotion of the “Leningrad Affair,” Kosygin “miraculously” survived. Stalin, who called him Tsarevich in front of everyone, sent Alexei Nikolaevich on a long trip around Siberia due to the need to strengthen cooperation activities and improve the procurement of agricultural products.

Kosygin was so removed from internal party affairs that he retained his position after the death of his patron. Khrushchev and Brezhnev needed a good, proven business executive; as a result, Kosygin served as head of government the longest in the history of the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation - 16 years.

As for the wife of Nicholas II and daughters, their trace cannot be called lost either.

In the 90s, the Italian newspaper La Repubblica published an article about the death of a nun, Sister Pascalina Lenart, who held an important post under Pope Pius XII from 1939 to 1958.

Before her death, she called a notary and said that Olga Romanova, the daughter of Nicholas II, was not shot by the Bolsheviks, but lived a long life under the protection of the Vatican and was buried in a cemetery in the village of Marcotte in northern Italy.

Journalists who traveled to specified address, they actually found a slab in the churchyard, where it was written in German: “ Olga Nikolaevna, eldest daughter of the Russian Tsar Nikolai Romanov, 1895 - 1976».

In this regard, the question arises: who was buried in 1998 in the Peter and Paul Cathedral? President Boris Yeltsin assured the public that these were the remains of the royal family. But the Russian Orthodox Church then refused to recognize this fact. Let us remember that in Sofia, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, lived the confessor of the Highest Family, Bishop Theophan, who fled from the horrors of the revolution. He never served a memorial service for the august family and said that the royal family was alive!

The result of the economic reforms developed by Alexei Kosygin was the so-called golden eighth five-year plan of 1966 - 1970. During this time:

- national income increased by 42 percent,

— the volume of gross industrial output increased by 51 percent,

— profitability agriculture increased by 21 percent,

— the formation of the United energy system European part of the USSR, a unified energy system of Central Siberia was created,

— development of the Tyumen oil and gas production complex began,

— the Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk and Saratov hydroelectric power stations and the Pridneprovskaya State District Power Plant came into operation,

— the West Siberian Metallurgical and Karaganda Metallurgical Plants started working,

— the first Zhiguli cars were produced,

- the provision of the population with televisions has doubled, washing machines- two and a half times, refrigerators - three times.