Adaptation and restandardization MMPI in domestic conditions was carried out by the author of this manual during 1968 - 1984. Big job carried out to translate and adapt the text of the statements. The significance of some of them has pronounced differences depending on the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the population. The frequency of normative responses was also studied in a comparative analysis of American and Russian data. All this was taken into account when forming the final version SMIL.

After all the changes, the results of a survey of more than a thousand individuals, presented in the form of equally selected groups by gender and age, by educational level and type professional employment, were entered into the computer. Statistical processing of data and comparative analysis of the results of a psychodiagnostic study with data from objective observation (sometimes over many years) confirmed the reliability of the methodology and wide range its capabilities, especially in the field of studying individual personal properties.

The technique is a booklet containing 566 statements. If answers are received to 566 questions-statements (full version), then the result reveals not only the profile SMIL, which gives, when interpreted, a portrait of the individual, but also indicators of almost 200 additional scales that play a clarifying role. The shortened version contains 398 statements. It allows you to get a personal portrait on basic scales, but does not provide information on additional scales.

Why does the questionnaire contain statements rather than questions? Because a person answers questions of interest to a psychologist more sincerely if they are in the form of a statement. In such a situation, a person feels as if alone with himself, analyzing his “I,” and this promotes greater frankness than the interrogative form, which sounds like an interrogation. The responses of the subject are entered into the cells of the registration sheet (see Appendix). If the subject agrees and answers “True” to a certain item in the questionnaire booklet, he puts a cross at the top of the box with the number corresponding to the statement; if his answer is “False”, then a cross is placed below the statement number in the corresponding cell of the registration sheet. The answer “Don't know” is recorded as a circle around the corresponding number.

Statements are of a different nature, depending on what area of ​​​​human problems they cover. Most of them are aimed at identifying character traits and the style of communication with others. The statements relate to the subjective preferences of the person being examined, his views on different life values. They also reveal the characteristics of emotional reactions, background mood, assessment of one’s own well-being, a number of specific physiological functions, etc. It is not the sentiment of the statement itself that is important. This is just a standard set of experimentally simulated situations to which different people react differently. What is important is the selectivity of the answers, which outlines the individual and personal properties of a particular person. By summing up information on significant answers, a formalized calculation procedure reveals the degree of agreement or deviation of a particular individual’s answers from the statistically calculated average norm. Subsequently, “rivulets” of values ​​of individual scales are collected into the “sea” of information provided by a holistic profile.

The translation of the questionnaire text was carried out with the help of qualified philologists who are well aware of the intricacies of word usage and the construction of phrases, idiomatic expressions and aphorisms in both English (American) and Russian. The translation was improved 9(!) times after regular testing of the test on various contingents of the domestic population. Frequency of normative responses of Americans, given in the Handbook of MMPI, was compared with the answers of a representative group of Russians. consisting of 860 people for whom Russian is the language in which they not only speak, but also think. The readaptation of the questionnaire concerned not only the accuracy of the translation, but also the adequacy of the statements in relation to the desired psychological phenomena, which they were aimed at identifying. The results of the first stages of test restandardization were published in 1976 (Sobchik L.N., Gissen L.D. Toolkit. "Standardized method of personality research SMIL and the experience of its use for the purpose of individualizing sports activities”, Moscow, VNIIFK) and in 1978 (Sobchik L.N., Lukyanova N.A., Manual for doctors. “Studying the psychological characteristics of flight personnel using a standardized method of personality research”, Moscow, Air Force). Subsequently, some statements were changed due to the characteristics of the domestic population and a different lifestyle in our country compared to America. In particular, this concerns attitudes towards religion, common expressions, slang, and idioms. In addition, in the modified version of the test, 26 statements from the questionnaire were identified that turned out to be ballast: they not only misled and shocked the subjects, but also provoked inadequate responses. Basically, these are statements that “work” on the reliability scale “F” and the 8th scale of schizophrenia. Thus, the statement “I often see people, animals and other objects that other people around me do not see” provoked the answer “true” from those who, by occupation (for example, athletes) travel a lot to different countries, while the statement aimed at identifying perceptual disorders. In the questionnaire, these statements are left to preserve the usual numbering, but they are excluded from the calculation. Repeated re-standardization of the technique was carried out on a representative group of 580 men and 280 women. Uniformity was observed in the choice of age groups (from 16 to 70 years old) and by type of professional activity: “technical people” and “humanists”, “physicists” and “lyricists”, athletes and artists, people of physical and mental work were equally represented. The work carried out to adapt and restandardize the test led to the fact that the psychological significance of the questionnaire items became adequate to the original, and the norm corridor and peaks of deviations corresponded to the basic requirements of the MMP1 test. This achieves the possibility of comparative data analysis SMIL

As a result of the work carried out, domestic standards were obtained for both basic and additional scales (see Appendix). These data have been published in every reissue since 1990 (Sobchik L.N. “Methods of psychological diagnostics. Standardized multifactorial method for personality research.” Methodical manual. Moscow, MCC at GUTS Moscow City Executive Committee.)

Questionnaires in a modified form are divided into male, female and adolescent versions, the difference of which is reflected only in the form of presentation of some statements. The keys (see Appendix) with the help of which raw scores are calculated on each scale, the correction of raw indicators to form a personality profile in standard T indicators, as well as the interpretation scheme are identical for all forms of the questionnaire, except for some differences in the processing of data on the 5th scale in men and the female profile and those aspects of interpretation that are associated with age characteristics.

The examination procedure should be carried out in a calm environment, allowing the subject to concentrate. At the same time, you sometimes need to hurry him up, not give him the opportunity for long thoughts - the first immediate reaction is important. If the subject asks for clarification, then it should be given only in relation to individual words. The meaning of the statements should not be interpreted, since everyone must understand them in their own way. You just need to make it clear that denial or agreement with the statement cannot be regarded as either a positive or a negative moment in assessing their personal qualities. A person should not feel afraid that the examination may in any way harm him. Therefore, it must be emphasized that this examination is necessary for a more differentiated (individualized) approach in the educational process or in professional activities, as well as for choosing the most effective drug treatment or psychotherapeutic influence, etc. It is worth emphasizing that the study is not aimed at identifying the social aspects of human behavior , but more concerned with his temperament, the properties of the nervous system. In some circumstances, it should be said that this examination is customary for everyone, that is the order. Statements that questions are repeated, that many of them are stupid, are often associated with defensive tendencies, with a reluctance to be frank with strangers. On the one hand, such a reaction may be the result of the psychologist’s imperative behavior and the lack of necessary preliminary work with the population being examined. On the other hand, the following comment is possible: “Yes, this is how it should be! Repetitions are provided to check your attentiveness and to avoid negligence in filling out the registration sheet.”

Before the examination, the subject must study the instructions given below.

You will be presented with a whole series of different statements. When evaluating each of them, do not spend a lot of time thinking. The first immediate reaction is the most natural. Carefully read the text, reading each statement to the end and evaluating it all as true or false in relation to you. If your answer is “true,” then put a cross on the registration sheet above the corresponding questionnaire number.

If your answer is “wrong,” then put a cross under the corresponding number.

Pay attention to statements with double negatives: for example, “I have never had seizures with convulsions”: if I haven’t, then your answer is “true,” and, conversely, if this has happened to you, then the answer is “wrong.”

Some statements in the questionnaire sound like this: “Circle the number of this statement.” In this case, the number corresponding to this statement should be circled on the registration sheet (this is to check your attentiveness).

If some statements raise serious doubts, base your answer on what is presumably more characteristic of you. If a statement is true for you in some situations and false in others, then choose the answer that is most appropriate at the moment. Only as a last resort, if the statement does not apply to you at all, you can circle the number of this statement on the registration sheet, which is equivalent to the answer “I don’t know.” However, an excess of circles on the registration sheet will also lead to unreliable results.

Try to answer sincerely, otherwise your answers will be recognized as unreliable and the survey will have to be repeated. When answering different points of the questionnaire, try to understand - “What kind of person am I really?” Then the data obtained can be used with a positive effect for you. The results of the examination are not aimed at assessing your personality from the point of view of whether you are a “bad” person or a “good” person: only the characteristics of your temperament and professionally important qualities are revealed.

When answering even fairly intimate questions, do not be embarrassed, since no one will read or analyze your answers: all data processing is carried out automatically. The experimenter does not have access to specific answers, receiving results only in the form of generalized indicators that may be interesting and useful for you.

Answer questions about personal data in a free or even anonymous form by prior agreement with the psychologist examining you.

Restandardization showed that the strict choice of the norm group made it possible to preserve the previously developed normative spread on the profile sheet. The main direction of readaptation of the methodology was associated with the qualitative improvement of the psychological significance of the questionnaire items in such a way that the norm corridor and peaks of deviations were adequate to the basic requirements of the MMP1 test. This creates a basis for comparative data analysis SMIL with the results of research by foreign authors.

The survey results are processed by sequentially imposing keys, each of which corresponds to one or another scale of the basic profile (or additional scale). The keys are made from a profile sheet on which significant answers to be calculated are highlighted. In this case, the corresponding “windows” are cut out - above the number if the significant answer is “True”, below the number if the answer is “False”. Each key is sequentially applied to the completed profile sheet and the crosses shown through the cut-out windows, marked by the subject, are counted. In the following, these results are called raw scores. For the basic profile there are 13 of them: three of them are confidence scales and ten are basic scales. After correcting the raw results by certain fractions of the “K” correction scale, standardized “T” scores are obtained.

In connection with the readaptation of the methodology and the expansion of the scope of its application, most of the basic scales of the methodology were given new names corresponding to their psychological essence, respectively: 1st scale - the scale of “neurotic overcontrol”, 2nd - “pessimism”, 3rd - “ emotional lability”, 4th – “impulsivity”, 6th – “rigidity”, 7th – “anxiety”, 8th – “individualism”, 9th – “optimism and activity”. The names of two scales have not changed: 5th – the “femininity-masculinity” scale and 0th – the “social introversion” scale. As for almost two hundred additional scales that are not included in the construction of a personality profile, their names did not change after restandardization. These scales, compared to the profile of the basic scales, are much easier to interpret; basically, their essence is reflected by the very name of each scale. They have been developed by different authors in connection with different applied problems and can be used in addition to the main profile scales. As for the basic scales, they form a holistic personality profile, reflecting a portrait of the individual in all its complexity and diversity. Additional scales only add to this portrait a certain quality, which, refracted through a personal image, can acquire one or another sound. A number of additional scales are aimed at clarifying the extent to which certain indicators indicating emotional stress are associated with deviation from the norm. They help to understand a complex problem: whether the detected deviations are a sign of severe stress or mental pathology.

Profile SMIL- this is the broken line that connects the quantitative indicators of 10 basic scales. “Raw” scores for each scale are the sum of the crosses calculated by applying the template key to the registration sheet filled out by the person being examined (see Practical Guide). To each profile scale SMIL has its own key. The indicator of each scale is assessed by the sum of significant (counted) cross answers, reflecting not only agreement (the answer is “True” - the cross is above the statement number on the registration sheet), but also denial (the answer is “False” - the cross is placed below the number in the corresponding cell of the registration sheet ).

The calculation of raw scores for each key (i.e. scale) must be carried out very carefully, repeating the calculation up to two matching results. The scale of the registration sheet and template keys must be absolutely identical. When placing the key on the registration sheet, the frame, outline and numbers must completely match. Incorrect scoring will cause all subsequent interpretations to be distorted or completely incorrect. The raw scores received are entered on the first line below the frame of the profile sheet. The indicators of the main ten profile scales are adjacent in the foreground (on the left) to a small profile of reliability scales: the “?” scale. shows how many of the questionnaire statements fell into the “don’t know” response category. The “L” scale—the “Lie” scale—shows how sincere the subject was during the testing process. The “F” scale—the “reliability” scale—shows the level of reliability of the data obtained, depending on his frankness and willingness to cooperate. The “K” scale - the “correction” scale reveals the degree of distortion of the profile, associated both with the subject’s closedness and with the influence of the unconscious defense mechanism of “repressing” from the psyche information that is traumatic and destroys the positive image of the “I”. Depending on the indicators of the reliability scales, the profile is recognized as reliable or unreliable, and its features are considered through the prism of the subject’s attitudes towards the examination procedure.

To avoid too strong an influence of the displacement mechanism on the main profile, you should add 0.5 of the sum of the raw points (s.b.) of the “K” scale indicator to the raw points of the 1st scale, then add 0.4 of the s.b. value. scale “K” to s.b. 4th scale, in whole (1.0) “K” - the entire amount of s.b. scale “K” - added to s.b. 7th and 8th scales, and finally 0.2 s.b. scale “K” is added to s.b. 9th scale. To ensure that the indicated fractions of “K” do not differ between different researchers during mathematical rounding, to the right of the profile space there is a table of rounded indicators 0.4, 0.5 and 0.2 for any values ​​of s.b. "K" scale. These indicators are written on additional lines under the raw scores of the corresponding scales (1st, 4th, 7th, 8th and 9th) and are summed up with them, after which the final (corrected) raw scores for all scales. Then, the final raw scores are displayed in vertical gradations of different scales according to their designation (?, L, F, K) or number (from 1 to 0). Raw scores for each scale are indicated - in the form of a bold dot (or asterisk) - on the profile sheet graph, and these points are connected to each other by a broken line, the reliability scales are separate, and the main (basic) profile is separately.

Due to the fact that the number of significant answers (crosses) on each scale is not the same and their statistical significance (price, cost) is also not equivalent, comparison of indicators on different scales is possible only by reducing the raw scores to a generalized, standardized unit. Such a unit in this technique is the walls, each of which contains 10 T points and is equal to the standard deviation from the average standard line, which represents 50 T on the profile sheet. This is an empirically identified average norm. Deviation within 2 standard deviations (s) - 20 T - both up, up to 70, and down, up to 30 T, is conventionally defined as a spread within the normative corridor. Indicators above 70 and below 30 T are regarded as a deviation from the norm. Data in T-points are shown on both the right and left side lines of the frame of the profile sheet and are determined by lines drawn horizontally at a distance of 10 T points from each other. For more precise definition T-scores for each scale should draw a horizontal line (or attach a ruler) from the raw score to the T scale. T-score indicators for any raw score for each specific scale were calculated in advance using the formula:

where 50 is the “norm” line, from which indicators are measured both upward (increase) and downward (decrease); X is the final raw result obtained on a certain scale; M is the median empirically identified during the process of restandardizing the methodology, that is, the average normative indicator on this scale; s - sigma, the value of the standard deviation from the norm, discovered during the standardization process. For basic scales, all this data is already taken into account and correlated with T-scores on the profile sheet. For additional scales, T-score indicators are calculated using the above formula using data on the average statistical indicators of median and sigma obtained as a result of restandardization of the methodology. These data should be found in the Appendix, which also provides questionnaires - male, female and adolescent, samples of profile sheets (male and female), as well as a registration sheet and keys to basic and additional scales. Practical mastery of the methodology is much faster and easier during the training process, which is systematically conducted at the Institute of Applied Psychology in the form of advanced training courses and in the form of individual consultations with specialists - psychologists, doctors, sociologists and teachers.

As mentioned above, the spread of indicators in the range from 30 to 70 T determines the normal range. However, experience has shown that the distribution of quantitative indicators in this test uneven and the so-called “Gaussian curve”, reflecting the patterns of this distribution, is “irregular” in nature. This is manifested by the lack of symmetry of increases and decreases in profile peaks in the normal corridor. In the presence of signs of sharpened personality traits and other deviations from the norm, we much more often observe an increase in test scores. A decrease in profile, as a rule, is quantitatively less pronounced and is more often associated with the test person’s setting to hypernormal responses in the so-called “recessed” profiles (see below). The entire data calculation procedure requires accuracy, precision and attention. It is best when the psychologist has the opportunity to transfer this routine work to a computer. The manuals developed by the author together with programmers S.S. Kurapov and K.G. Kanin, computer versions of the test completely free the psychologist from any calculations. At the same time, the interpretive part of the program is such that, in addition to a comprehensive portrait of a person, it will insure even a novice psychologist against serious mistakes, will help give specific recommendations of various kinds, depending on the scope and objectives of using the methodology, and will also serve as a reliable tool in scientific research work (see. book Psychology of individuality. Theory and practice of psychodiagnostics. Sobchik L.N., S.-Pb.

Counting the spread of profile indicators SMIL comes from 50 T - the “ideal-normative” average profile, corresponding to the theoretical averaged norm (see profile sheet in the Appendix chapter). In a narrow corridor of the norm - within 46 - 55 T - profile fluctuations are difficult to interpret, since they do not reveal sufficiently pronounced individual personality properties and are characteristic of a completely balanced personality (if the reliability scales do not show a pronounced attitude towards lying - a high scale "L" - or lack of frankness - high "K" scale). In a wide norm corridor (from 30 to 70 T) in the norm profile, each tendency is opposed by an “anti-tendency” that is opposite in direction, and feelings and behavior are subject to the control of consciousness (or are so moderate that minimal control over them is quite sufficient). Increases ranging from 56 to 66 T reveal those leading trends that determine the characterological characteristics of the individual. Higher indicators of different basic scales (67-75 T) highlight those accentuated features that at times complicate a person’s socio-psychological adaptation. Indicators above 75 T indicate impaired adaptation and a deviation of the individual’s state from normal. These may be psychopathic character traits, a state of stress caused by an extreme situation, neurotic disorders and, finally, psychopathology, the presence of which can only be judged by a pathopsychologist or psychiatrist based on the totality of data from psychodiagnostic, experimental psychological and clinical research.

The profile sheets of the adult and teenage versions have quantitative differences only depending on the gender of the subject. Age differences are taken into account when analyzing profile data, as discussed in the interpretation section. It is very important that before starting work, the specialist makes sure that the questionnaire itself, the keys, the profile sheets, and, finally, the interpretive approach belong to the same author. SMIL different from the original test MMPI, and from that developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry named after. V.M. Bekhterev Standardized Clinical Questionnaire SKLO and adapted by F.B. Berezin and M.P. Miroshnikov MMIL. Incomparable in all respects with all options MMPI questionnaire for 71 statements, clinically oriented Mini-cartoon, developed by the Swedish psychologist Kincannon and adapted in the Russian version by V.P. Zaitsev and V.N. Kozyulei SMOL. This technique is best used for screening to identify patients in need of medical care and for use in psychosomatic hospitals.

As experience shows, the methodology is mainly designed for examining a contingent of adults (from 16 to 80 years old) with at least 6-7 years of education in secondary school), with intact intelligence. Due to the fact that the author of the book, together with teachers B.N. Kodess and T.V. Kodess, developed and adapted a teenage version in 1984 SMIL, the scope of application of the technique has expanded somewhat. If the usual adult version has been widely and effectively used for many years in the practice of career counseling when examining high school students aged 15-17 years, then the teenage version has been successfully used in recent years when studying younger children, starting from the age of 12 (subject to good general development). It is noted that unreliable results are often directly dependent not so much on the subject’s distorted attitude towards the examination, but on a poor understanding of the content of the statements. This may be due, firstly, to underdeveloped verbal intelligence, and secondly, to poor knowledge of the Russian language. Therefore, in regions where people speak a different language, the methodology should be translated into their native language, but it is also necessary to restandardize the quantitative basis of the methodology, since regulatory standards may differ due to regional cultural and ethnic characteristics.

The analysis of the results obtained is not based on studying the meaning of the subject’s answers, but on a statistical procedure for calculating data, during which quantitative dispersion is revealed different options responses in relation, on the one hand, to the average normative average, and on the other, to the pathological sharpness of the psychological factor, which represents one or another individual-personal tendency. Most of the statements sound so that the subject, when answering, does not always understand how this characterizes him, which significantly complicates the desire to “improve” or “worse” the results of the examination. At first glance, the technique allows us to outline the subjective internal picture of the “I” of the person being examined. In reality, thanks to the partly projective sound of many statements, the experiment also reveals those psychological aspects that are not realized by a person or are only partially amenable to the control of consciousness. Therefore, only with statistically unreliable data is the personality profile distorted so much that it makes no sense to interpret it. Within the framework of reliable data, even in the presence of trends that partially influence the strengthening or smoothing of the profile pattern, the interpretation reflects a picture of the personality that is close to the true one. At the same time, a very differentiated gradation of the degree of expression of different personal characteristics in their complex combination is possible, when not only high indicators are taken into account, but also their relationship with low indicators. At the same time, a deviation from the average normative indicators, more than twice the mean square error, reveals an excessive degree of expression of a particular personality trait, taking it beyond a fairly wide (from 30 to 70 standard T points) corridor of normative variation. Such data, as already mentioned, do not necessarily indicate pathology. A difficult life situation, traumatic events, physical illness - all this can cause a state of temporary maladjustment.

Therefore, the interpretation of the data obtained must be carried out in accordance with all the information available about the subject, not to mention the fact that for an adequate idea of ​​the subject it does not hurt to look at him. “Blind” interpretation can only be used for research purposes, when the reliability of the methodology is checked, as well as in large-scale surveys, when not the personality of an individual person is interpreted, but some generalized trends of large groups.

The person being tested may claim certain information about the test results. Sometimes such an interview carries psychotherapeutic or recommendatory content. If this happens, then the experimental psychologist or consultant is obliged first of all to respect the interests of the person being examined and never interpret the survey data to his detriment, since the role of the psychologist in society mainly comes down to protecting the person in every sense of the word. If this rule is violated, people will lose confidence in the psychologist and further psychological research will become impossible. The rest follows from this: the interpretation of the data obtained should be carried out from the standpoint of a psychotherapeutic, gentle approach. Each individual personal property usually carries both positive and negative information. Therefore, it is always possible to start an interview by highlighting positive characteristics, and then, against this background, highlight those characteristics and personality traits that create certain difficulties and negatively affect a person’s fate. But this should be done carefully and precisely in the style that is optimal for a given individual: you should pay attention to those recommendations for a correctional approach that are given below, depending on the characteristics of the profile.

In the classic form of the MMPI, 13 scales are used: 3 control and 10 clinical.

Control scales are designed to identify the attitudes of subjects in relation to the examination. The MMPI has the following scales:

♦ lie scale (L);

♦ confidence scale (F);

♦ correction scale (K).

Lie scale (L). Designed to assess the sincerity of the subject. High values ​​on this scale are obtained by people who strive to make a favorable impression and therefore lean towards social desirability in their answers.

Confidence scale (F). Compiled to identify unreliable results associated with the desire to emphasize the severity of one’s condition, the multiplicity of conflicts, as well as to identify technical errors made by the subject or experimenter.

Correction scale (K). Introduced in order to smooth out distortions introduced by excessive inaccessibility and caution during the examination. Persons who have high scores on this scale have a poor understanding of the internal motives of their behavior, are not aware of negative and alarming signals, and therefore deny that they are experiencing any difficulties, that life is unsettled, that they are concerned about their condition, etc.

If the L scale measures the subject’s conscious or unconscious attitude towards hiding his shortcomings, then the K scale is an indicator of unconscious control of his behavior, unconscious identification of himself with a socially desirable image due to high conformity. The K scale is used to correct the basic scales, which depend on its value.

The basic MMPI scales include the following: hypochondria, depression, hysteria, psychopathy, femininity-masculinity, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizoid, hypomania, social introversion. In addition to names, the scales are assigned numerical numbers and letter indices.

1 . Hypochondria scale (Hs). Measures the subject’s “closeness” to the astheno-neurotic personality type. For people of this type, caring for health becomes overvalued, dominates the system of personal values, reduces the level of activity, impoverishes interests, and separates them from social life.

2. Depression scale (D). Designed to measure the degree of “closeness” to the hypothymic personality type. High scores on this scale are characteristic of sensitive, anxious individuals, timid, shy, dissatisfied with themselves and their capabilities.

3. Hysteria Scale (Well). Created to identify individuals prone to neurotic defensive reactions of the conversion type. They use symptoms of physical illness as a means to resolve difficult situations or as a way to avoid full responsibility. Main feature in persons of the hysterical (or demonstrative) type is the desire to appear more interesting, more significant than it actually is, the desire to attract attention to oneself at all costs (“thirst for recognition”).

4. Psychopathy scale (Pd). Reveals the similarity of the subject with a sociopathic variant of personality development. High scores on this scale indicate social maladjustment in the broad sense of the word.

Consistently high scores on this scale are a sign of chronic maladaptation, which has become a personality trait. High scores are typical for people who are unrestrained, aggressive, conflict-ridden, and dismissive. social norms, ethical values ​​and customs of surrounding people. Their mood is usually unstable, they are touchy, excitable and sensitive, at the slightest offense they easily lose control over their behavior and emotions, they are easily irritated, angry, and become sarcastic and cynical. All their behavior is dominated by aggressive reactions directed against someone or something in the environment.

5. Masculinity-femininity scale (Mf). This is the only scale where men and women are assessed in opposite directions. This is due to the fact that this scale measures the degree of identification of the subject with the role of a man or woman prescribed by culture and society. Moreover, for men, “closeness” to the female personality type is assessed, and for women, to the male personality type.

Men with high scores on the scale are sensitive, soft, prone to worry, and pay a lot of attention to introspection and internal experiences. Their interests are broad, varied and sophisticated, they have a rich imagination, a craving for fantasy and aesthetic pursuits. Men of this group get along well with people, are able to subtly sense the nuances of interpersonal relationships, correctly take them into account in their behavior, are able to express their thoughts effectively, and therefore easily persuade people to their point of view.

Women with high scores on the scale are decisive, courageous, prone to risk and adventure, have a sober mindset, are unsentimental, with some harshness, and lack of femininity in manners and poses. When solving problems, they resort to force, while subtleties and nuances are neglected.

6. Paranoia scale (Ra). Measures the degree of “closeness” of the subject to a paranoid personality type. The most characteristic feature of people of this type is the tendency to form so-called super-valuable ideas. These ideas gradually take possession of their consciousness and have a decisive influence on all their behavior. The main mental features of people with a paranoid character are great selfishness, complacency and excessive conceit. These people are extremely narrow, one-sided in all their manifestations: the entire surrounding reality is of interest to them only insofar as it concerns their personality, and what does not concern them personally, does not affect their “I”, seems to them of little interest, not worthy of attention.

7. Psychasthenia scale (Pt). Designed for diagnosing individuals with an anxious-hypochondriac personality type. Characteristics persons of the anxious-suspicious type are: chronic feelings of anxiety, timidity, extreme indecisiveness and a tendency to doubt. These people are extremely sensitive and vulnerable, not only by what is happening now and here, but even more by what can happen. Possible failures and dangers, which sometimes exist only in their imagination, are more frightening than what is happening in reality. Increased anxiety is usually combined with complete disbelief in one’s strengths and capabilities, with the fear that at the right time there will not be enough strength to cope with life’s difficulties.

8. Schizoidity scale (Sc). Designed to diagnose schizoid (or autistic) personality type. Most characteristic features Persons of this type are: lack of unity and consistency of mental activity, whimsicality and paradoxicality of thinking, emotions and behavior. They are able to subtly feel and react emotionally to imaginary, abstract images. For the sake of an idea, for the sake of the triumph of abstract universal human concepts, they are ready to sacrifice everything, even their lives, but ordinary everyday joys and sorrows do not evoke an emotional response in them. Their attention is selectively directed only to the problems that interest them, while in relation to all other problems they show complete indifference and ignorance.

9. Hypomania scale (Ma). Designed to measure the degree of “closeness” of the subject to the hyperthymic personality type. Individuals with high scores on the hypomania scale are characterized by an elevated mood, regardless of the circumstances. They are active, active, energetic and cheerful. They love work with frequent changes, are burdened by monotony and their responsibilities, willingly contact people, they have a need to “merge with the world.” They are drawn to everything bright and catchy. They are flirtatious, love bright outfits, and are usually good dancers and athletes, although here they are not interested in the result, but in the process itself. They have broad gestures, rich facial expressions, and good coordination.

10. Social introversion scale (Si). Measures the degree of closeness of the subject to an introverted personality type. High scores on this scale occur in individuals who lack balance and confidence in human relations. In society, they are easily embarrassed, feel constrained, nervous, and quickly lose their mental balance. Perhaps for this reason they act cold and aloof. However, they do not emphasize their aloofness, they simply try to keep their distance, stay aloof, not resisting anything, respect the rights of others and do not impose their own views on others.

When examining the MMPI, the raw (“raw”) scores for each scale, converted to standard T-scores, are compared with norms with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. The range of spread within the norm is from 30 to 70.

In addition to the main scales and reliability scales, there are a number of additional scales (about 400 in total), created on the basis of the same 550 statements. They allow us to judge some factors that have very different meanings when assessing characterological characteristics. For example:

11. "Attitude towards others." As the scores on this scale increase, the opinions of others become more and more important compared to one’s own position. In the basic profile, these qualities are reflected by an increase in the 2nd and 7th scales.

77. "Hostility". An increase on this scale occurs in individuals with a tendency. To aggressive actions and statements, as well as in case of deviations from the mental norm (psychopathy of the excitable and explosive range, organic lesions of the central nervous system, alcoholism, schizoaffective disorders, angry mania). Accompanies a profile with a high 6th scale in combination with an 8th or 4th.

Interpretation results are carried out taking into account the following rules.

The profile should be assessed as a whole, and not as a collection of individual scales; has a high or low score on any scale different interpretation depending on scores on other scales.

The greatest importance is the ratio of the profile level on each scale to the average profile level, as well as to the level of neighboring scales.

Since the profile characterizes both personality traits and the current mental state of the subject, the results cannot be considered stable - they are dynamic.

The higher the deviation from the norm, the more likely the manifestation of personality traits rather than mental states.

Literal interpretation of the scales should be avoided, since the questionnaire does not measure the manifestation of mental illness, but the degree of similarity of the subject’s personality characteristics with the personality type of the group for which the corresponding scale was validated. Thus, an increase on scale 6 does not indicate manifestations of paranoia, but rather personal traits such as extreme touchiness and suspicion.

Typical profiles: 1. linear- the results are located 40 – 60T; 2. recessed– most scales are at the level of 30-40T, more often this result of the installation reaction → d.b. high L and K; 3. borderline– the highest point reaches 70 – 73T, and the rest are below 54; 4. wide spread– the rise is noticeably expressed on scales 1-2; 5. peaked– along with most schools (about the same), 1-3 are noticeably different. Depending on the number of peaks, the profile is called single-phase or two-phase; 6. tall– the same peak-shaped, only the peak is higher than normal; 7. floating- many scales are significantly elevated, F for it is between 60 -92 T, each of 1, 2, 3 scales is 80 T and above, 78-85 T and above - this profile reflects significantly severe conditions.

When considering a profile it is very important profile slope: * neurotic (rise on scales 1-3 (neurotic triad) prevails over the right edge of the profile); * psychotic (positive) – a combination of 4, 6, 8 and 9 scales is called the psychotic tetrad; with such an inclination, the rise along these scales; * jagged peak – many peaks; * convex – raised in the center and gently sloping at the edges; * in-depth – on the contrary, raised on the extreme scales with a decrease in the central ones.

Test mode- with time limit

MMPI test online - take the SMIL test online with decoding results

MMPI technique

The SMIL technique, which is today one of the most significant and effective ways studying a person’s personality can rightfully be called the “heavy artillery” of psychodiagnostics. And the point is not at all that, according to the experts who encountered it for the first time, it takes a lot of time and effort. In fact, the process of passing the MMPI test online (you can take the SMIL test online with a transcript of the results on our website) takes the test taker no more than an hour. At the same time, a specialist who is allowed to be absent even at this time only needs 10 minutes to process the information received.

driving needs;

defense mechanisms;

cognitive style;

quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sustainable professionally important properties;

motivational orientation;

the presence or absence of mental disorders;

sexual orientation;

degree of adaptation;

degree of expression of leadership traits;

style of interpersonal behavior;

gender role status;

predisposition to alcoholism;

type of maladjustment (if any);

type of response to stress;

level of self-esteem;

level of suicidal tendencies;

mood background;

character traits;

Moreover, unlike similar methods, the MMPI test online (everyone can take the SMIL test online with decoding of the results today) has a reliability scale. In other words, you can not only check how honest the test taker was, but also establish whether he has a positive or negative attitude towards the proposed study. Focusing on these indicators, the specialist will be able to evaluate the data obtained with knowledge of the level of reliability of the information and understand where the reaction to the proposed situation was exaggerated, and where, on the contrary, smoothed out.

SMIL technique

SMIL or standardized multifactorial method of personality research is a kind of modification MMPI test. The latter was created by American psychologists I. McKinley and S. Hathaway in 1942 - 1949, as a way of selecting pilots who took part in the Second World War. The essence of this technique was to gain access to the pilot’s personal assessment of the situation without taking into account his experience and subjective opinion. All received answers were distributed across 13 scales, where 3 of them were responsible for the reliability of the data provided, and 10 were basic. The latter, arranged in order from 1 to 10, determined the following:

neurotic overcontrol;

pessimism;

emotional lability;

impulsiveness;

“masculinity – femininity”;

rigidity;

anxiety;

individualistic;

optimism;

social introversion.

Interpretation of results

The SMIL profile is only a general outline of the personal basis, subject to changes depending on the social situation. In addition to analyzing the data obtained during the study, it is important to take into account such external factors of the person being tested, such as his biography, degree of education, track record, environment, and more.
Be that as it may, the norm is not the absence of some psychological characteristics, but their presence in a state of balance. In other words, a person passed MMPI test online (you can take the SMIL test online with decoding of the results in just 1 hour) and classified as “normal”, in different situations it can show a completely different reaction to what is happening. Thus, he may be considered the life of the party among people close and familiar to him and at the same time experience problems establishing new contacts. He is capable of zealously defending his opinion among professionals and fading away in the presence of people who have little knowledge of the topic and are negatively disposed towards him.

MMPI test online - take the SMIL test online with interpretation of results

Modern online MMPI-SMIL questionnaires are presented in several variations. Thus, the most complete of them involves obtaining answers to 500 questions and is conventionally divided into male, female and teenage options. The difference between them is negligible and suggests only differences in some abbreviations and statements (about 65 questions). However, regardless of their type, any subject should undergo the study in a calm, inviting environment.

MINNESOTA MULTI-DISPECTIVE. Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The personality questionnaire was proposed by S. Hathway and J. McKinley in 1940. It is an implementation of the typological approach to the study of personality and occupies a leading place among others personality questionnaires in psychodiagnostic research.

The questionnaire consists of 550 statements forming 10 main diagnostic scales. For each statement, respondents must give a specific answer. Intended for persons aged 16 years and older with an IQ of at least 80 (according to Wechsler).

There are two modifications of MMPI currently in use.

SMIL (standard methodology for personality research - Sobchik L.N., Lukyanova M.F., 1978). Includes 566 questions (550 original and 16 duplicates). Makes it possible to diagnose 10 main and up to 200 additional scales. The technique is closest to the international standard MMPI, but is cumbersome and in itself has a strong impact on the subject in the manner of an “examination of mental disorders.”

MMIL (Berezin F.B. et al., 1976). Includes 377 questions and makes it possible to reliably diagnose 10 main scales. For this modification, a more significant amount of work on psychometric adaptation has been carried out. Modification MMIL presented below.

Theoretical background

Own theoretical basis MMPI does not have. To compose statements, the authors used patient complaints, descriptions of the symptoms of certain mental illness in clinical guidelines (classification of mental illnesses proposed by E. Kraepelin), previously developed questionnaires. The statements were initially presented to a large group of healthy people, allowing their normative values ​​to be determined. These indicators were then compared with those obtained from various clinical groups. Thus, statements were selected that reliably differentiated healthy people from each of the studied groups of patients. These statements were combined into scales named according to the clinical group for which the scale was validated.

At the same time, one cannot help but dwell on a number of comments regarding the MMPI.

The original MMPI clinical scales were based on traditional psychiatric classifications, which, although popular, rest on questionable theoretical foundations. The artificiality of these categories has caused concern in clinical psychology for a long time. Therefore, it is characteristic that factor analysis based on the intercorrelations of questions and scales shows high intercorrelations among the main clinical scales of the MMPI, which calls into question their value for differential diagnosis.

The MMPI, therefore, does not provide a nosological diagnostic assessment. The personality profile obtained during research using this technique characterizes only the characteristics of the individual at the time of the study. Therefore it cannot be assessed as a "diagnostic label". However, the characteristics of the patient’s personal properties obtained from such a study significantly complement the picture of the pathopsychological register syndrome.

Validity and reliability data

The validity of the MMPI, established on the basis of differentiation of clinical groups, is quite high. Test-retest reliability ranges from 0.50 to 0.90. Split-half reliabilities showed wide variability from scale to scale, ranging from 0.50 to 0.81.

Description of the technique

MMIL (a multifaceted personality study technique is a questionnaire-type test that includes 384 statements covering a wide range of personal characteristics, attitudes, interests, psychopathological and psychosomatic symptoms. Statements can be presented either on cards or in the form of a text brochure. The first presentation option usually used for individual research, the second for group research. In the brochure version, the number of statements is reduced to 377 due to statements relating to sexual issues (in a mass study, such statements cause unwanted tension).

Below are the main clinical scales.

1. Hypochondria scale (Hs) - determines the “closeness” of the subject to the astheno-neurotic personality type.

2. Depression scale (p) - designed to determine the degree of subjective depression, moral discomfort (hypothymic personality type).

3. Hysteria Scale (Hu) - designed to identify individuals prone to neurotic reactions of the conversion type (using symptoms of a physical illness to resolve difficult situations).

4. Psychopathy Scale (Pd) - aimed at diagnosis
sociopathic personality type.

6. Paranoia scale (Ra) - allows you to judge the presence of “extra valuable” ideas and suspicion.

7. Psychasthenia scale (Pt) - the similarity of the subject with patients suffering from phobias, obsessive actions and thoughts (anxious-suspicious personality type) is established.

8. Schizophrenia scale (Sc) - aimed at diagnosing schizoid (autistic) personality type.

9. Hypomania scale (Ma) - determines the degree of closeness of the subject to the hyperthymic personality type.

Along with the scales identified on the basis of a study of typical groups of patients, the test includes two scales, the validation of which was carried out in a study of healthy individuals.

5. The masculinity-femininity scale (Mf) is designed to measure the degree of identification of the subject with the role of a man or woman assigned by society.

0. Social introversion scale (Si) - diagnostics of the degree of compliance with the introverted personality type.

In addition to the listed main test scales, there are three rating scales that allow you to minimize the installation effect and determine the reliability of the result obtained.

1. “Lie” scale (L) - designed to assess the sincerity of the subject.

2. Reliability scale (F) - created to identify unreliable results (associated with the negligence of the subject), as well as aggravation and simulation.

3. Correction scale (K) - introduced in order to smooth out distortions introduced by the subject’s excessive isolation, as well as excessive openness.

Conducting a survey

The subject is told that he must answer whether each of the 377 statements is true or false. The answer is marked by crossing out the square to the right or left of the statement number. If the statement is found to be true, the square to the left of the number (under the letter “B”) is crossed out, if incorrect, the square to the right (under the letter “H”) is crossed out. The answer “I don’t know” is not marked in any way.

The researcher reports that the first reaction is the most natural and therefore you need to answer immediately, so as not to waste time thinking. If this condition is met, the subject responds to 4-7 statements per minute, and completion of the technique takes from 55 minutes to 1 hour 15 minutes.

Some statements included in the test may cause confusion among subjects due to the fact that they relate to severe painful phenomena or situations that are difficult for the subject to attribute to himself. In this case, they should be informed that the set of statements is the same for the study of different populations, and mechanical processing of the results does not allow excluding any statements, because changing the approval number will inevitably cause errors in decoding. If the subject seeks advice regarding a specific statement and his own attitude towards it, the researcher should not suggest or explain the meaning of the statement, but indicate that one must be guided by one’s own understanding of the statement, or recall the corresponding point of the instructions. The researcher should not comment on the question, express attitudes towards it in words, facial expressions or intonation. If difficulties arise, it is useful to discuss with the subject 2-3 statements that are indifferent in content to make sure that he correctly understood the instructions.

Processing the results

The results are processed using special key tablets. Each scale has its own tablet. For scale 5 there are two tablets, separate for men and women. Using tablets, the primary result for each scale is calculated. The answer that matches the “key” is worth 1 point. The result obtained on the K scale, or a certain proportion of it, is added to the primary result on some scales: to the 1st scale - 0.5; to the 4th - 0.4; to the 9th - 0.2 of this result, and to the 7th and 8th scales - it is added in full. Adjusted for special card, compiled on the basis of a population standard, the value of the result on each scale is noted. The lines connecting these points are drawn separately for the rating and basic scales and form the profile of the methodology for multilateral personality research.

The map is designed in such a way that once a profile is plotted on it, it is scored in T-scores. If rating scales produce results greater than 70 T-scores, the result obtained is questionable, and if they exceed 80 T-scores, the result is unreliable. In this case, the technique is presented again. It is better to repeat the technique on the same or the next day. If the result is reliable, the resulting profile is interpreted.

Basics of interpretation of the methodology for multilateral personality research

Value Details various types The profiles given below do not exhaust the variety of possible options, but they can be used as a guide when working with the methodology. A systematic presentation of this information is especially useful for researchers beginning to work with the described methodology, since it allows them to quickly acquire the necessary interpretation experience.

The basic rules for assessing a profile, the violation of which most often leads to erroneous interpretation, can be formulated as follows.

1. The profile should be assessed as a whole, and not as a set of independent scales. The results obtained on one of the scales cannot be assessed in isolation from the results on other scales.

2. When evaluating a profile highest value has a ratio of the profile level on each scale to the average profile level and especially in relation to neighboring scales (profile peaks). The absolute value of the T-norm on one scale or another is less significant.

3. The profile characterizes the personality characteristics and current mental state of the subject. In clinical practice, it reflects the characteristics of the psychopathological syndrome, and not the nosological affiliation of the disease. Therefore the profile cannot be assessed as a "diagnostic label".

4. The results obtained cannot be considered as unshakable, since the connection of the profile with the current mental state determines its dynamics with changes in this state.

5. Interpretation of individual profiles requires consideration
the entire body of data that cannot be pre-existing
are provided in connection with the already noted variety of individual options. Therefore, literature data containing a description of typical profiles can only be used to master the basic principles of interpretation, and not as ready-made recipes. Trying to use a set of ready-made recipes can lead to significant errors in assessing the results of the study. For example, a profile of the same type obtained during a study of practically healthy person and an inpatient with severe clinical symptoms will have different meaning.

Rating scales

Rating scales were introduced into the original version of the text in order to study the subject’s attitude towards testing and judge the reliability of the study results. However, subsequent study made it possible to establish that these scales also have significant psychological correlates.

L scale

The statements included in the L scale were selected to identify the subject's tendency to present himself in the most favorable light possible, demonstrating strict adherence to social norms.

The scale consists of 15 statements that relate to socially approved, but unimportant attitudes and norms of everyday behavior, which, due to their low significance, are actually ignored by the vast majority of people. Thus, an increase in the result on the L scale usually indicates the desire of the subject to look in a favorable light. This desire may be situationally determined, due to the subject’s limited horizons, or caused by the presence of pathology. However, it must be borne in mind that some people tend to punctually follow the established standard, always observing any rules, even the most insignificant and not of significant value. In these cases, an increase in the result on the L scale reflects the indicated character traits. Belonging to a professional group, from which, due to its specificity, an extremely high standard of behavior and punctual adherence to conventional norms is required, also contributes to an increase in the result on the L scale. This kind of high standard of behavior can be observed, in particular, among justice workers, teachers and in some other professional groups.

It should be noted that, since the statements that make up the L scale are used in their literal meaning, they may not reveal the tendency to appear favorably when it occurs in individuals of sufficiently high intelligence and extensive life experience.

If the results on the L scale are between 70 and 80 T-scores, the resulting profile is questionable, and if the results are above 80 T-scores, it is unreliable. High results on the L scale are usually accompanied by a decrease in the profile level on the main clinical scales. If, despite the high result on the L scale, significant increases in the level of the profile on certain clinical scales are detected, they can be taken into account in the totality of data available to the researcher.

F scale

A significant increase in the profile on this scale indicates accidental or intentional distortion of the study results.

The scale consists of 64 statements, which were extremely rarely regarded as “true” by persons included in the normative group of healthy subjects, according to which the MMIL was standardized. At the same time, these statements rarely differentiated the normative group from the patient groups against which the main scales were validated.

Statements included in the F scale relate, in particular, to unusual thoughts, desires and sensations, overt psychotic symptoms, and those whose existence is almost never recognized by the patients being studied.

If the F scale profile exceeds 70 T-scores, the result is questionable, but can be taken into account when confirmed by other data, including clinical data. If the F-scale result exceeds 80 T-scores, the study result should be considered unreliable. This result may be caused by technical errors made during the survey. In cases where the possibility of error is excluded, the unreliability of the result is determined by the attitude of the subject or his condition. During attitudinal behavior, the subject may recognize as true statements regarding unusual or clearly psychotic phenomena (if he seeks to aggravate or simulate psychopathological symptoms).

An unreliable result associated with the patient’s condition may be observed in an acute psychotic state (impaired consciousness, delirium, etc.), which distorts the perception of statements or the reaction to them. A similar distortion can be observed in cases of severe psychotic disorders leading to a defect. A dubious or unreliable result can be obtained from anxious individuals in cases where an urgent need for help prompts them to give considered answers to most statements. In these cases, simultaneously with an increase in the result on the F scale, the entire profile increases significantly, but the shape of the profile is not distorted and the possibility of its interpretation remains. Finally, changes in the subject’s attention can lead to an unreliable result, as a result of which he makes mistakes or cannot understand the meaning of the statement. If an unreliable result is obtained, in some cases it is possible to increase the reliability of the study through re-testing. In this case, it is more advisable to repeatedly present only those statements for which the responses taken into account were received. If the result of repeated testing is unreliable, you can try to establish the reason for the distortion of the result by discussing his answers with the subject. To avoid breaking contact with the subject, it is necessary to obtain his consent to such a discussion.

With a reliable result of the study, a relatively high level of profile on the F scale can be observed in various types of non-conforming individuals, since such individuals will exhibit reactions that are not typical for the normative group, and, accordingly, more often give answers taken into account on the F scale. Violation of conformity may be associated with the originality of perception and logic, characteristic of persons of the schizoid type, autistic and experiencing difficulties in interpersonal contacts, as well as with psychopathic traits in persons prone to disordered (“bohemian”) behavior or characterized by a pronounced sense of protest against conventional norms. An increase in the profile on the F scale can also be observed in very young people during the period of personality formation in cases where the need for self-expression is realized through non-conformity in behavior and views. Severe anxiety and the need for help usually manifests itself in a relatively high level of result on the described scale.

A moderate increase on the F scale in the absence of psychopathological symptoms usually reflects internal tension, dissatisfaction with the situation, and poorly organized activity. The tendency to follow conventional norms and the absence of internal tension determines a low result on the F scale.

In clinically undoubted cases of the disease, an increase in the profile on the F scale usually correlates with the severity of psychopathological symptoms.

K scale

The scale consists of 30 statements that make it possible to differentiate between individuals who seek to soften or hide psychopathological phenomena and individuals who are overly open.

In the original version of the MMPI, this scale was originally intended to examine the degree of caution of subjects in a testing situation and the tendency (largely unconscious) to deny existing unpleasant sensations, life difficulties and conflicts. The result obtained from the K scale is added to correct the indicated tendency to five of the ten main clinical scales in a proportion corresponding to its influence on each of these scales. However, the K scale, in addition to its significance for assessing the test subject’s reaction to the testing situation and correcting results on a number of basic clinical scales, is of significant interest for assessing certain personality traits of the subject.

Individuals with high scores on the K scale tend to base their behavior on social approval and are concerned about their social status. They tend to deny any difficulties in interpersonal relationships or in controlling their own behavior, they strive to comply with accepted norms and refrain from criticism to the extent that the behavior of others fits within the framework of the accepted norm. Obviously non-conforming, deviating from traditions and customs, behavior of other people that goes beyond the conventional framework causes high scores on the K scale, a pronounced negative reaction. Due to the tendency to deny (to a large extent at the perceptual level) information indicating difficulties and conflicts, these individuals may not have an adequate idea of ​​how others perceive them. In clinical cases, an expressed desire to achieve a favorable attitude towards oneself may be combined with anxiety and uncertainty.

With insignificant expression (moderate increases on the K scale), the described tendencies not only do not disrupt the individual’s adaptation, but even facilitate it, causing a feeling of harmony with the environment and an approving assessment of the rules accepted in this environment. In this regard, persons with a moderate increase in profile on the K scale give the impression of reasonable, friendly, sociable people with a wide range of interests. Great experience interpersonal contacts and denial of difficulties determine in individuals of this type a more or less high level of enterprise and the ability to find the right line of behavior. Since such qualities improve social adaptation, a moderate increase in the profile on the K scale can be considered a prognostically favorable sign.

Persons with a very low profile level on the K scale are well aware of their difficulties and tend to exaggerate rather than underestimate the degree of personal inadequacy. They do not hide their weaknesses, difficulties and psychopathological disorders. The tendency to be critical of oneself and others leads to skepticism. Their dissatisfaction and tendency to exaggerate the significance of conflicts makes them easily vulnerable and creates awkwardness in interpersonal relationships.

Index F - K

Since the trends measured by the F and K scales are largely in opposite directions, the difference in the primary result obtained on these scales has

essential for determining the attitude of the subject at the time of judging the reliability of the result obtained. The average value of this index in the MMIL is: 7 for men and 8 for women. The intervals at which the result can be considered reliable (if none of the rating scales exceeds 70 T-points) range from -18 to +4 for men, from -23 to +7 for women. If the F-K difference is +5 to +7 for men and +8 to +10 for women, then the result is questionable, but if confirmed by clinical data, it can be taken into account provided that none of the rating scales exceeds 80 T- points.

The greater the F-K difference, the more pronounced the subject’s desire to emphasize the severity of his symptoms and life’s difficulties, to evoke sympathy and condolences. A high level of the F-K index may indicate aggravation. A decrease in the F-K index reflects the desire to improve one’s self-image, mitigate one’s symptoms and emotionally charged problems, or deny their presence. A low level of this index may indicate dissimulation of existing psychopathological disorders.

Clinical scales

SMIL questionnaire. Female version (Zh.V.)

Instructions You will be presented with a whole series of different statements. When evaluating each of them, do not spend a lot of time thinking. The first immediate reaction is the most natural. Read the text carefully, reading each statement to the end and assessing it as true or false in relation to you. Try to answer sincerely, otherwise your answers will be recognized as unreliable and the survey will have to be repeated. Deal with the questionnaire as if alone with yourself - “What am I really like?” Then you will be interested in the interpretation of the data obtained. It concerns only the characteristics of your temperament and describes your stable professionally important qualities.

If your answer is “true”, then place a cross on the registration sheet above the NUMBER corresponding to the QUESTIONNAIRE. If your answer is “wrong,” then put a cross under the corresponding number. Pay attention to statements with double negatives (for example, “I have never had seizures with convulsions”: if I haven’t, then your answer is “true.” And vice versa, if this has happened to you, then the answer is incorrect).

Some statements in the questionnaire require you to - Circle the number of this statement. In this case, the number corresponding to this statement should be circled on the registration sheet (these are statements that turned out to be ballast during the standardization process and are not included in the general automated calculation). If some statements raise serious doubts, focus your answer on that. which is supposedly more typical for you. If a statement is true for you in some situations and false in others, then choose the answer that is most appropriate at the moment.

Only as a last resort, if the statement does not apply to you at all, you can circle the number of this statement on the registration sheet. However, an excess of circles on the registration sheet will also lead to unreliable results. When answering even fairly intimate questions, do not be embarrassed, since no one will read or analyze your answers: all data processing is carried out automatically. The experimenter does not have access to specific answers, receiving results only in the form of generalized indicators that may be interesting and useful for you. 1. I like to read scientific and technical literature 2. I have a good appetite 3. I usually get up fresh and rested in the morning 4. I think that I would like the job of a librarian 5. The slightest noise wakes me up 6. I like to read articles about crimes 7. My hands and feet are usually quite warm 8. My daily life is full of events that interest me 9. My performance is no worse than before 10. I often feel a “lump” in my throat 11. I believe that dreams always come true 12 . I like to read about crimes and mysterious adventures 13. Work comes at the cost of significant stress 14. Answer “I don’t know” to this point *) 15. Sometimes such bad thoughts come into my head that it’s better not to talk about them 16. I think. that life is merciless to me 17. My father is a good person 18. I very rarely have constipation 19. When applying for new job I prefer to know with whom I should establish a good relationship 20. My satisfactory 21. At times I really wanted to leave the house 22. At times I have attacks of laughter or crying that I cannot control 23. I am bothered by attacks of nausea and vomiting 24. It seems to me that there is no person who understands me 25. I would wanted to be a singer 26. If I find myself in an unpleasant situation, then it is best for me to keep my mouth shut 27. At times I am at the mercy of some evil force 28. If they treat me unfairly, I feel that I have to repay for it simply because principle 29. I have heartburn several times a week 30. Sometimes I feel like cursing 31. I have nightmares almost every night 32. I notice that it has become difficult for me to concentrate on a certain task or work 33. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 34. I have a cough most of the time 35. If people didn’t have anything against me, I would achieve much more 36. I rarely worry about my health 37. I have never gotten into trouble because of my questioning behavior gender 38. In my youth there was a time when I committed petty thefts 39. At times I want to break things, break dishes 40. I would prefer to sit most of the time doing nothing and daydreaming 41. I have had such periods that lasted days, weeks or even months when I couldn’t take on anything, because... couldn't get involved in work 42. My family doesn't like the job I've chosen (or am going to choose) 43. I have interrupted and restless sleep 44. I have a headache most of the time 45. I don't always tell the truth 46. My mind is working now it’s better than ever 47. Once a week or more often, for no apparent reason, I suddenly “feel hot” 48. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 49. It would be better if almost all laws were repealed 50. Sometimes I have there is a feeling as if “the soul is parting with the body” 51. My physical health no worse than most of my friends 52. I prefer to pass by my school friends or people whom I have not seen for a long time unless they speak to me first 53. I believe that with the touch of a hand and prayer one can cure an illness 54. Most of those who know people treat me well 55. I am rarely bothered by pain in my heart or chest 56. When I was a girl, I was kicked out of school for misbehavior and truancy 57. I am a sociable person 58. Everything that lies ahead for humanity has long been destined 59 I often had to follow instructions from people who knew less than me 60. I don’t read editorials in newspapers every day 61. I led an unhealthy lifestyle 62. I often feel burning, tingling or numbness in various parts of my body 63. Answer this question ". I don’t know" 64. At times I insist so much on my own that those around me lose patience 65. I love (loved) my father 66. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 67. Others seem happier than me 68. I almost never have pain in the back of the neck 69. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 70. I liked to play “gardener” or “ring” (i.e. such games where boys and girls chose each other based on personal sympathies) 71. I think that many people exaggerate their misfortunes in order to gain sympathy and help 72. Several times a week or more often I am bothered by unpleasant sensations in the upper abdomen (in the pit of the stomach ) 73. I am a significant person 74. I always think: “it’s good that I was born a woman” 75. Sometimes I am angry 76. Most of the time I am in a depressed mood 77. I like to read about love 78. I love poetry 79. I am not easily offended (I am not touchy) 80. Sometimes I tease animals 81. I think I would like the job of a forester 82. I am easily persuaded 83. Anyone who can and wants to work hard has good opportunity achieve success 84. Now it’s hard for me to give up the hope of achieving something in life 85. And sometimes I am so attracted to other people’s things (gloves, shoes, etc.) that I want to decorate them, although I don’t need them 86. I definitely lack self-confidence 87. I would like to grow flowers 88. I believe that life is worth living 89. It takes a lot of evidence to convince people of any truth 90. Sometimes I put off until tomorrow what I should do do today 91. I don’t mind being used as a target for ridicule 92. I would like to work as a nanny (caring for the sick) 93. I believe that most people are capable of lying if it is in their interests 94. I often do things that which I regret later (more and more often than others) 95. I regularly take part in meetings and other social events 96. I very rarely quarrel with my family members 97. At times I feel an overwhelming urge to harm someone or do something... or indecent 98. I believe that in the end justice will prevail 99. I like to go to parties or other places where there is a lot of noisy fun 100. I have encountered problems with so many solutions that it was difficult for me to settle on one of them 101 . I believe that a woman should have the same freedom as a man in sexual relations 102. The most difficult struggle for me is the struggle with myself 103. I very rarely have muscle cramps or twitching (or not at all) 104. I have. no reason to worry about what will happen to me 105. Sometimes when I don't feel well, I get irritable 106. Most of the time I feel as if I have done something bad or evil 107. Most of the time I feel happy 108. I feel a feeling of fullness in my head or nose almost all the time 109. Some people like to command so much that I want to do everything the opposite, even if I know that they are right 110. I know that there are people opposed to me 111. I have never undertaken a dangerous task for the sake of strong impressions 112. I often find it necessary to defend what I think is right 113. I understand how important laws are 114. I often feel like my head is being tied with a hoop 115. I believe in justice 116. I get more pleasure from playing or racing if I bet 117. Most people are honest only because they are afraid of punishment 118. At school I was sometimes called to the principal for truancy 119. My speech is the same as always (no faster, no slower, no hoarseness or difficulty in pronunciation) 120. My table manners at home are not as good as when visiting 121. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 122. By -apparently, I am as capable and smart as most of the other people around me 123. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 124. I believe that most people would rather act dishonestly for profit than miss an opportunity 125. My stomach worries me very much 126. I like drama 127. I know who is to blame for most of my troubles (not referring to myself) 128. When I see blood, I don’t get scared and I don’t feel sick 129. Often I can’t understand why I was so stubborn and grumpy 130. I have never vomited blood or coughed up blood 131. I am not worried about the risk of contracting any disease 132. I like to pick flowers or grow houseplants 133. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 134. My thoughts at times flow faster than I can express them 135. I cross the street in the wrong place when I am sure that a policeman will not notice me 136. If they do something pleasant to me, I am usually interested in what lies behind it 137. I believe that in in my house, life is no worse than in most of my friends 138. Criticism and remarks terribly offend and hurt me 139. Sometimes I feel like I have to hurt either myself or someone else 140. I love cooking 141. My behavior is largely determined by the rules and habits of the people around me 142. At times I am confident in my own uselessness 143. As a child, I was in a company where everyone stood up for each other in everything 144. I like soldiering 145. At times I feel uneasy is tempted to get into a fight 146. I have wanderlust and cannot be happy without traveling and wandering 147. I often lose a lot because I cannot make a decision quickly enough 148. I lose patience with people who contact me for advice or in some other way, they distract me during serious work 149. I kept a diary 150. In a game, it’s more pleasant for me to win than to lose 151. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 152. For the most part, I fall asleep without disturbing thoughts 153. For the past few years, I've been feeling good most of the time, 154. I've never had a seizure or convulsion (if I haven't, the answer is true). 155. I'm at a fairly constant weight of 156. I have such conditions when I do not realize what I am doing 157. I believe that I have often been undeservedly punished 158. I can cry easily 159. I have become less able to understand the content of what I read 160. I now feel better than ever in life 161. The parietal part of my head is sometimes very sensitive 162. I am indignant and annoyed when I have to admit that I was cleverly tricked 163. I would not say that I get tired quickly (if “I don’t get tired” - that’s right) 164. I like to read literature in my field 165. I like to have significant people among my acquaintances, as this increases my prestige 166. I am afraid to look down from a height 167. I would not worry if one of my family members were in the position of breaking the law 168. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 169. I’m not afraid of dealing with money 170. I don’t care what others say about me 171. I sometimes feel uncomfortable fooling around at a party, even if everyone else is doing it 172. I often have to hide my shyness at the cost of great effort 173. I loved school (for students - “love”) 174. I never fainted 175. I don’t get dizzy (or very rarely) 176. I wouldn’t say that I am very afraid of snakes 177. My mother is a good woman 178. My memory is fine 179. I am worried about some issues related to my sex life 180. It is difficult for me to carry on a conversation with people I have just met 181. When I am bored , I'm trying to arrange something fun 182. Answer this question “I don’t know” 183. I am against giving alms 184. Answer this question “I don’t know” 185. My hearing is no worse than most people 186. I notice that my hands shake when I try to do something 187. My hands do not become clumsy 188. I can read for a long time without noticeable eye strain 189. I feel weak most of the time 190. I rarely get a headache 191. Sometimes , when I am embarrassed, I sweat and it is very unpleasant for me 192. It is not difficult for me to maintain balance when walking 193. I do not have attacks of fever or asthma 194. I have had attacks during which I could not control my movements and speech, but I understood what was happening around me 195. I don’t like everyone I know 196. I like to visit places I’ve never been before 197. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 198. I don’t often indulge in daydreams 199. Children should be taught a correct understanding of the basic issues of sexuality 200. Answer “don’t know” to this question 201. I wish I were less shy 202. I consider myself a doomed person 203. If I were a journalist, I would really like to write about theater 204. I would like to be a journalist 205. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 206. I very strictly adhere to the principles of morality and morality, much more than all the people around me 207. I like different games and entertainment 208. I like to flirt (lead playful conversation with a man I like) 209. I am sure that there is no forgiveness for my misdeeds 210. All food seems to taste the same to me 211. I want to sleep during the day, and at night I suffer from insomnia 212. My family treats me like a child, and not like an adult 213. When walking, I step very carefully over cracks in the sidewalk 214. I have never had any rashes on the skin that would bother me 215. I was excessively addicted to alcoholic beverages 216. Relationships in my family are less warm and friendly than in other families 217. I often notice that I am worried about something 218. The sight of a suffering animal does not touch me much 219. I think I would like a job related to the material supply of large organizations 220. I love my mother 221. I am interested in science 222. It is not difficult for me to ask favors from my friends, even if I cannot return the same 223. I really like hunting 224. My parents often did not approve of my acquaintances 225. Sometimes I can gossip a little 226. For some members of my family have habits that irritate and bore me very much 227. I was told that I walk in my sleep 228. At times I feel that it is unusually easy for me to make decisions 229. I would willingly join several different clubs and societies 230. I I almost never noticed attacks of palpitations or shortness of breath 231. I like to talk about sexual topics, i.e. related to gender issues 232. I have outlined a life program for myself, based on a sense of duty and responsibility, and I try to fulfill it 233. Sometimes I do not give in to people, not because the matter is really important, but simply out of principle 234. I easily lose my temper, but I quickly calm down 235. I was completely independent and free from the rules and traditions accepted in our family 236. I indulge in thoughts too often 237. Almost all my relatives treat me well 238. I have periods of such intense anxiety when I cannot sit in one place for a long time 239. I have experienced disappointment in love 240. My appearance never causes me concern 241. I often have dreams that are better to remain silent about 242. I don’t I consider myself more nervous than most people around me 243. I rarely get hurt 244. My actions are usually misunderstood by others 245. My parents and other family members often find fault with me without any reason 246. My neck often becomes covered with red spots 247 . I have reason to feel jealous of some members of my family 248. Sometimes for no reason, or even when things are not going well, I feel excited and happy, “at the height of bliss” 249. I am sure that the one who does evil. actions, punishment awaits in the future 250. I do not condemn the one who strives to snatch everything he can in this life 251. I have had such lapses in consciousness when my actions were interrupted and I did not understand what was happening around me 252. No one cares what happens to you 253. I can be friendly towards people whose actions I do not approve of 254. I like to be in a company where they like to make fun of each other 255. Sometimes I give good assessments to people I know about very little 256. The only interesting page in the newspaper is the humor section 257. I usually hope for success when I take on any business 258. I believe in the triumph of justice 259. It is very difficult for me to start any work 260. At school I did not learn the material well 261. If I were an artist, I would like to draw flowers 262. My appearance does not particularly upset me 263. I sweat a lot, even in cool weather 264. I am absolutely confident in myself 265. It is safer not to trust anyone 266. On answer this question “I don’t know” 267. When I am among people, it is difficult for me to choose a topic for conversation 268. It is always easy for me to correct a spoiled mood with something interesting 269. I sometimes scare people for fun, since it is easy for me to make others fear me 270. When I leave the house, I don’t worry about whether the door is closed, whether the gas is turned off, etc. 271. I do not blame a person for deceiving those who easily allow themselves to be deceived 272. At times I am full of energy 273. I feel numbness in some areas of the skin 274. My vision is as sharp as before 275. Answer “not” to this question I know" 276. I love children 277. At times I am so amused by the dexterity of a swindler that I wish he were lucky 278. I have often noticed that strangers look at me critically 279. I drink an unusually large amount of water every day 280. Most people make acquaintances because friends can be useful 281. I rarely notice noise or ringing in my ears 282. At times I feel hatred towards members of my family whom usually love 283. If I were a journalist, I would prefer to write about sports 284. I am convinced that I am the subject of discussion 285. It happens that I laugh at a free (indecent) joke 286. I feel happiest when alone 287. I have less reason to fear anything compared to others 288. I am worried about attacks of nausea or vomiting 289. I am outraged that for some reason a criminal can be released and he remains unpunished 290. Work is given to me at the cost of significant stress 291. In my There have been times in my life when I felt that someone was forcing me to act by hypnotizing me 292. I prefer not to talk to people until they themselves turn to me 293. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 294. I have never violated law 295. I loved Andersen’s fairy tales “The Ugly Duckling”, “The Steadfast tin soldier " and others 296. I have periods of causeless joy 297. I would like to get rid of thoughts related to the sexual issue, because they bother me (have been bothering me) 298. When several people get into an unpleasant situation, it is better for them to agree that then talk 299. I think that I feel everything more acutely than most people 300. There has never been a period in my life when I loved playing with dolls 301. Life for me most of the time is connected with tension 302. I have never had getting into trouble because of my behavior related to gender issues 303. I am so sensitive about certain topics that I try not to bring them up in conversation 304. During my school days, it was very difficult for me to speak in front of the whole class 305. I feel lonely most of the time , even when I am among people 306. I get as much sympathy from others as I deserve 307. I refuse to play some games because I play poorly 308. At times I really wanted to leave the house 309. I feel like I get along with people just as easy as others 310. My sex life is satisfactory 311. In my youth there was a time when I committed petty thefts 312. It is unpleasant for me to be among people 313. A person who leaves valuable things unattended and thereby leads into temptation is almost the same I’m as guilty as a thief 314. From time to time such bad thoughts come into my head that it’s better not to talk about them 315. I believe that life is merciless to me 316. I think that almost everyone can lie to avoid troubles 317. I more touchy than most people 318. My daily life is full of events that interest me 319. Most people do not like to sacrifice their interests for the sake of others 320. I often have dreams about topics related to sexuality 321. I am easily confused 322. Me worried about my money and work affairs 323. I have had completely unusual, very strange, peculiar experiences 324. I have never been in love with anyone 325. I am scared by what someone in my family has done 326. At times I have seizures laughing or crying that I cannot control 327. I have often had to obey my parents, even when in my opinion they were wrong 328. I notice that it has become difficult for me to concentrate on a certain task or work 329. I very rarely dream 330. I have never had paralysis or unusual weakness in the muscles of my arms, legs, or other parts of my 331 body. If people didn’t intrigue against me, I would have achieved much more 332. Sometimes I lose my voice, or it changes, even if I don’t have a cold 333. It seems to me that there is no person who understands me 334. Answer this question " I don’t know" 335. I find it difficult to concentrate my thoughts on one thing 336. I easily lose patience with people 337. I almost always feel anxious or worried about someone or something 338. I definitely have more reasons for worries than others 339. Most of the time I wish myself to die 340. Sometimes I am so excited that it is difficult for me to sleep 341. Sometimes I hear so well that it bothers me 342. I immediately forget what they tell me 343. I usually have to stop and think before I do something, even if we're talking about about little things 344. I often cross to the other side of the street so as not to meet the person I saw 345. I often have the feeling that everything around is unreal 346. I have a habit of counting unnecessary objects, such as windows, light bulbs, signs, etc. 347. I have no enemies who would seriously want to harm me 348. I am wary of people who treat me more friendly than I expected 349. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 350. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 351 I become anxious and upset when I have to leave home even for a short time 352. I am afraid of certain objects and people, although I know that they are not dangerous to me 353. I am not afraid to enter a room where people are already gathered and talking 354. I. I am afraid to use a knife or other sharp objects 355. Sometimes it feels good to cause harm to those I love 356. I find it harder to concentrate than others 357. I have more than once given up on something because I thought I couldn’t handle it 358. Bad, often even terrible words come into my head and I can’t get rid of them 359. Sometimes some unimportant thought spins in my head and bothers me for several days in a row 360. Almost every day something frightens me happens 361. I am prone to heavy worry about everything 362. I am more touchy than most people 363. Sometimes I was pleased if the person I love caused me suffering 364. People say offensive and vulgar things about me 365. I feel uneasy when I am in a closed room 366. Most of the time I feel lonely, even when I am among people 367. I am not afraid of fire 368. Sometimes I try to stay away from people so as not to do or say something that I will regret later 369. Questions of religion do not interest me 370. I hate it when I have to rush in my work 371. I can’t say that I’m overly shy 372. I tend to get carried away with many things rather than dwell on one thing for a long time 373. I am sure that there is only one correct understanding of the meaning life 374. At times it seems to me that my mind is working slower than usual 375. When I feel happy and full of energy, someone with a bad mood can ruin everything 376. Accountants are usually honest people 377. At a party I often sit alone or talking with one of the guests than with the whole group 378. I don’t like it when a woman smokes 379. I rarely have attacks of bad mood 380. When someone expresses stupidity or ignorance regarding things known to me, I try to correct him 381. I am often told that I have a short temper 382. I would like to get rid of thoughts about my statements, which, it seems to me, could someone offend or upset 383. People often disappoint me 384. I feel like I couldn’t tell anyone everything about myself 385. Lightning is one of those things that makes me afraid 386. I like to keep people in the dark about things what am I going to do 387. I consider all kinds of miracles only tricks that some people play on others 388. I am afraid to be alone in the dark 389. My plans often seem full of difficulties to me, which is why I refuse them 390. I am often misunderstood when I try to warn someone from making a mistake, and it really hurts me 391. I love going to such evenings where I can dance 392. A storm fills me with fear 393. Horses that are not driving well need to be beaten 394. I often use advice from people 395. The future is too uncertain to make serious plans 396. Often, even if things are going well, I feel that everything is indifferent to me 397. I sometimes have the feeling that there are too many difficulties and there is no point in trying to overcome them 398. I I often think: “It would be nice to be a child again” 399. It’s hard to make me angry 400. If conditions allowed, I could bring great benefit to humanity 401. I have no fear of water 402. To come to a solution to a question, I often postpone its consideration for tomorrow 403. It's wonderful to live in our time when so many interesting things are happening 404. People often do not understand my intentions when I try to correct them or help them 405. I have no difficulty swallowing 406. I often had to meet people who were considered experts, but in fact knew no more than I did 407. I am usually calm and not easily upset by for too much 410. I would certainly enjoy tricking a scammer in his own way 411. When I hear about the successes of people I know, I begin to feel like a failure 412. I am not afraid to go to the doctor when I get sick or injured 413. I deserve severe punishment for my misdeeds 414. I tend to experience disappointments so acutely that for a long time I cannot get them out of my head 415. Given the right circumstances, I could become a major leader 416. I feel uncomfortable when someone watches me work, even if I know that I will do a good job 417. I often get so annoyed by the person trying to get in front me out of turn that I will not fail to express this to him 418. At times it seems to me that I am not good for anything 419. I often skipped school 420. I happened to experience extremely unusual mystical experiences 421. There are very nervous people in my family 422 . I feel embarrassed for some members of my family because of the type of work they do 423. I love (or used to love) fishing 424. I feel hungry most of the time 425. I often dream 426. At times I have to be harsh and rude to people. people who irritate me 427. I am embarrassed by inappropriate jokes 428. I like to read seminal articles in newspapers and magazines 429. I like to listen to lectures on serious topics 430. I am attracted to people of the opposite sex 431. I don’t care much about the possibility of any troubles 432. Mine beliefs and views are unshakable 433. I am used to having an imaginary interlocutor 434. I would like to be a racing driver 435. I would prefer to work with women 436. People usually demand more respect for their own rights than they respect others 437. It is quite possible to circumvent the law if you this does not essentially violate it 438. There are people who are so unpleasant to me that I am internally happy when they get what they deserve 439. I get nervous if I have to wait 440. I try to remember interesting stories so that I can then tell them to others 441. I like tall women 442. I have periods when I lose sleep due to worries 443. I am ready to give up on what I have planned if others think that I started doing it wrong 444. I don’t I try to correct people who make erroneous judgments 445. In my youth (or childhood) I loved bright, exciting experiences 446. I would prefer to play cards, dominoes or other games for even a small bet 447. I am ready to do anything to win at dispute 448. I feel uncomfortable if strangers on the street, in a store or on a bus watch me 449. I like social events where I can be among people 450. I like the excitement of an excited crowd 451. My worries disappear when I get into a group of cheerful friends 452. I like to make fun of people 453. As a child, I did not strive to be a member of a street company 454. I could live happily alone in a hut among forests and mountains 455. For the most part, I am not aware of the gossip and conversations of the people around me 456 . People should not be punished for breaking laws they consider unreasonable 457. I believe that people should never touch alcohol 458. The man who dealt with me the most as a child (father, stepfather or other person) was with me. strict 459. I have one (or more) bad habit that is so strong that there is no way to fight it 460. I drink alcoholic drinks I drink moderately (or not at all) 461. It’s difficult for me to put off work I’ve started even for a short time 462. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 463. I liked to play “classes” or jump through a rope 464. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 465 I have had occasion to change my attitude towards my profession more than once 466. I always take medications or sleeping pills only as prescribed by a doctor 467. I often remember unnecessary numbers (for example, car numbers) 468. I often regret that I was so stubborn and grumpy 469. I have often met people who were jealous of my ideas just because they were not the first to come up with them 470. Topics related to sexuality disgust me 471. My grades at school were systematically bad 472. I have an irresistible attraction to fire. 473. Whenever possible, I try to avoid large crowds of people 474. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 475. Finding myself “backed against the wall,” I tell only that part of the truth that will not harm me 476. I am called to accomplish a great mission 477. If I got into trouble with my friends who were just as guilty as me, I would rather take the blame than give them away. 478 I never worried much about troubles that happened to members my family 479. I willingly meet new people 480. I am afraid of the dark 481. There have been times when I pretended to be sick to avoid something 482. On trams, buses, etc. I often talk to strangers 483. I believe in miracles 484. I have shortcomings that are so significant that it is better to accept them as they are and try to control them than to try to eradicate them 485. A man, when in the company of women, usually thinks about things related to their gender 486. I have never noticed blood in my urine 487. I quickly quit when things go wrong 488. I would like my fate to be favorable to me 489. I sympathize with people who tend to get stuck in their troubles and grief 490. I like to read books that help me live correctly and understand the meaning of life 491. I am annoyed by people who believe that only their understanding of the meaning of life is the only correct one 492. The thought of the possibility of an earthquake scares me 493. I would rather prefer work that requires close attention attention than one in which you can be careless 494. I am afraid to be in a small closed room 495. Usually I act openly if I consider it necessary to correct someone 496. I have never had double vision 497. I love adventure stories 498. It is always better to tell the truth 499. I must admit that sometimes I worry for no reason about things that don't really matter 500. I will do anything for a good ideas 501. In my work, I prefer to find a solution myself rather than follow the instructions of others 502. I like others to know my opinion 503. I am not inclined to give categorical assessments of the actions of others 504. I do not consider it necessary to hide my contempt or negative opinion about anyone -or 505. There are periods when I feel so full of strength that it would seem that I could go without sleep for several days 506. I am a nervous and easily excitable person 507. I often worked under the guidance of such people who took credit for everything achievements and blamed all omissions and shortcomings on subordinates 508. I think that I can smell as well as others 509. Sometimes it is difficult for me to defend my rights because of my intemperance 510. Any dirt frightens me or disgusts me 511. I there is a dream world that I don’t tell anyone about 512. I don’t like to take a bath 513. I prefer to work with a leader who gives strict, clear instructions than with a leader who gives more freedom 514. I like masculine women 515. B My home always had everything I needed (enough food, clothing, etc.). 516. Some members of my family have a short temper 517. I can’t do anything properly 518. I often feel guilty about expressing my sympathy for people to a greater extent than I actually feel 519. With my genitals not everything is okay 520. As a rule, I firmly defend my opinion 521. I am not embarrassed in front of people to express my opinion or enter into an argument on an issue that is well known to me 522. I am not afraid of spiders 523. I blush very rarely 524. I am not I'm afraid of contracting some disease through door handles 525. Some animals make me shudder 526. My future seems hopeless to me 527. My family members and my close relatives get along with each other 528. I blush no more often than others 529. I like to wear expensive clothes 530. I am often afraid of blushing 531. People can easily change my opinion, which previously seemed final to me 532. I can endure pain for as long as others 533. I rarely burp (or not at all) 534. There have been times when I was the last person to give up trying to do something 535. My mouth goes dry almost all the time 536. I get angry when people make me rush 537. I would like to hunt lions or tigers 538. I think I would liked the work of a dressmaker in sewing women's dresses 539. I am not afraid of mice 540. I have never had my face paralyzed 541. My skin is unusually sensitive to touch 542. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 543. Several times a week I have a feeling that something terrible is going to happen 544. I feel tired most of the time 545. Sometimes I have the same dream 546. I like to read historical literature 547. I like to go to parties and meetings 548. I will never watch anything sexual the nature of the presentation, if it can be avoided 549. I try to avoid conflicts and difficult situations 550. I like to repair door locks 551. Answer “I don’t know” to this question 552. I like to read about science 553. I am afraid to be alone in the open from everyone sides place 554. If I were a journalist, I would prefer to write about the theater 555. Sometimes it seems to me that I am “on the verge of death” 556. I am very careful about how I dress 557. I would like to work as a secretary 558. Most people can be accused of bad sexual behavior 559. I often feel afraid in the middle of the night 560. I often get annoyed by forgetting where I put things 561. I really like horse riding 562. The person I was most attracted to as a child attached and whom I adored most was a woman (mother, sister, aunt, etc.) 563. I like adventure stories more than romantic ones 564. I am ready to give up my intentions if others think that this is not worth doing 565. I feel like jumping down when I'm at an altitude of 566. In movies, I like to watch love scenes