Presentation on the topic "The wonderful world of mushrooms." Unusual mushrooms Amazing mushrooms presentation

Mycology is the science of mushrooms (from the Greek “mikos” - mushroom). As a science, it arose at the end of the 19th century, its founder F.M. Kamensky. The group of organisms called mushrooms includes up to 100 thousand species, including over 100 edible species. Mushrooms are extremely diverse in size, appearance, and habitats

Mushrooms - special group living organisms. Mushrooms are a special group of living beings that do not belong to either plants or animals Mushrooms are a special group of living beings that do not belong to either plants or animals Fungal cells do not contain chloroplasts Fungal cells do not contain chloroplasts Fungi eat ready-made organic substances Mushrooms feed on ready-made organic substances Mushrooms do not move Mushrooms do not move Mushrooms live in different environments: in the soil and on its surface, in the body of animals and humans. Fungi live in various environments: in the soil and on its surface, in the body of animals and humans.

Variety of mushrooms We often encounter mushrooms: We often encounter mushrooms: mold - mushrooms, mold - mushrooms, an apple has gone bad, an apple has gone bad - this is the work of mushrooms. – this is the work of mushrooms. Unicellular fungi - Unicellular fungi - invisible, invisible invisible, invisible to the human eye multicellular fungi - Multicellular fungi - clearly visible. clearly visible. Powdery mildew Scab Yeast

Memo to the mushroom picker. 1. To pick mushrooms, you need to get up earlier 2. If you find a mushroom, don’t rush to pull it out by the roots, it’s better to cut it with a knife. Can't be thrown around forest floor you will destroy the mycelium 3. Do not collect old and wormy ones - they may contain poison. 4. Don’t pick mushrooms in vain: many animals feed on them.

False honey agaric Grows in groups on the stumps of deciduous trees and around them in August - September, rarely in July. Grows in groups on the stumps of deciduous trees and around them in August - September, rarely in July. Gall mushroom Found from early August to early autumn in various types forests, preferring conifers. It settles both on the soil and on rotting wood. Poisonous mushrooms

Don't pick mushrooms you don't know. Don't pick mushrooms you don't know. Don't taste the mushrooms! Don't taste the mushrooms! Don't buy mushrooms without stems. They are the ones who can show what kind of mushroom it is. Don't buy mushrooms without stems. They are the ones who can show what kind of mushroom it is.

Do not take overgrown mushrooms, such mushrooms contain more toxic substances. Do not take overgrown mushrooms; such mushrooms contain more toxic substances. Avoid buying mushrooms from unauthorized retail outlets. Avoid buying mushrooms from unauthorized retail outlets.

Do not collect mushrooms along roads or in industrial areas Do not collect mushrooms along roads or in industrial areas Do not collect mushrooms in very hot weather, due to the heat more than half edible mushrooms become poisonous. Do not pick mushrooms in very hot weather; heat causes more than half of edible mushrooms to become poisonous. It is not recommended to eat mushrooms for children under 7 years of age. It is not recommended to eat mushrooms for children under 7 years of age, as well as for elderly people and people with chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract. as well as elderly people and people with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Be careful with edible mushrooms such as russula, tremors, and nigella. They definitely need to be soaked for 1.5-2 hours, or even more.

Within just a few minutes they arise: Within just a few minutes they arise: this is weakness, this is weakness, malaise, malaise, unpleasant feeling in the abdominal area, an unpleasant sensation in the abdominal area, rumbling intestines, rumbling intestines, cramps and then pain. spasms and then pain. Nausea and vomiting appear 3 hours after consumption. Nausea and vomiting appear 3 hours after consumption.

Required in as soon as possible call ambulance, It is necessary to call an ambulance as soon as possible, Rinse the stomach a large number warm water Rinse the stomach with plenty of warm water. Take sorbents, for example, activated carbon. Take sorbents, for example, activated carbon.

The role of mushrooms in human economic life Positive role Consumption as food Consumption as food Use for the fermentation process Use for the fermentation process Use for obtaining medicines Use for obtaining medicines Improving the soil Improving the soil Negative role Pathogens of diseases of the feet, hands, nails Pathogens of diseases of the feet, hands, nails Ringworm causes great damage to livestock, it is a disease of many pets Ringworm causes great damage to livestock, it is a disease of many pets 30

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The Kingdom of Mushrooms The presentation was prepared by the teacher of 1st grade “A” of GBOU school 237 (SP242) N.N. Gronskaya.

Kingdom of Mushrooms Lesson No. 3 Amazing Mushrooms

Amazing mushrooms Raincoat Young porcini mushroom-a raincoat can be applied to the wound. The blood will stop flowing, the pain will subside. White dung beetle Conditionally edible mushroom. It is eaten only by young people. The dung beetle is called the ink mushroom. Ink can be made from it. A signature made with such ink cannot be faked. Polypore If a polypore appears on a tree, it means the tree is sick. Its mycelium penetrates the wood and destroys it, turning it into dust.

Molds and yeasts Molds and yeasts are microscopic fungi. If there is moisture, warmth, nutrients, then they multiply quickly and become visible.

Molds

Penicillin In the early 40s of the last century, the English scientist Alexander Fleming made the famous medicine penicillin from a microscopic mold fungus.

Mushroom bakers, cheese makers, butter makers. . .

Interesting facts· There are a million known species of mushrooms, but only 10% of them are classified as edible or poisonous. Mushroom spores for a long time can retain their ability to germinate. They can wait for an opportunity not a year or two, but ten or more years - and as soon as the opportunity arises - begin to grow. Sometimes, in the most unexpected places. · It turns out that there are even carnivorous mushrooms! They feed on worms. · Some mushrooms glow in the dark. · In Switzerland they do not eat porcini mushroom; they consider it inedible. · Mushrooms contain on average 90% water. · We eat mushrooms every day without even knowing it.

The most beautiful mushrooms in the world

Thank you for your attention!

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Lesson "The Kingdom of Mushrooms"

The lesson on the surrounding world “The Kingdom of Mushrooms” is compiled in accordance with the 2nd grade program and contains a form of work such as work in groups. The lesson provides for the use of additional literature...

Lesson summary "War of mushrooms and berries" by V.I. Dahl

Lesson summary Lesson topic: “War of mushrooms and berries.” Russian folk tale in literary adaptation by V.I. Dahl. The teacher started...

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Mycology is the science of mushrooms (from the Greek “mikos” - mushroom). As a science, it arose at the end of the 19th century, its founder F.M. Kamensky.

The group of organisms called mushrooms includes up to 100 thousand species, including over 100 edible species. Mushrooms are extremely diverse in size, appearance, and habitats

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Mushrooms are a special group of living organisms.

Mushrooms are a special group of living beings that do not belong to either plants or animals. Fungal cells do not contain chloroplasts. Fungi feed on ready-made organic substances. Mushrooms do not move. Mushrooms live in various environments: in the soil and on its surface, in the body of animals and humans.

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Variety of mushrooms

We often encounter mushrooms: mold is mushrooms, an apple has spoiled - this is the work of mushrooms. Unicellular fungi are inconspicuous, invisible to the human eye. Multicellular fungi are clearly visible. Powdery mildew Scab Yeast

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Edible mushrooms

Champignons Boletus Honey mushrooms Camelina Boletus Russula Porcini mushroom Oil can Chanterelles

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Grows more often in oak forests, pine and spruce forests Collected from July to October (even after the first frost) White mushroom

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Often found both singly and in groups in deciduous and mixed forests Collected from mid-June to October Boletus

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Oiler Grows usually in large groups in light pine forests, in young pine forests, on forest edges and places well lit by the sun.

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Volnushka Found in damp places, deciduous and mixed forests, in dry forest meadows, along roadsides Collected in August – September

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Boletus grows in birch or forests mixed with birch throughout the forest zone. Found in clearings, forest edges and hillocks. This mushroom appears from the end of May and grows until late autumn

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Chanterelles Found in light coniferous or lightly herbaceous forests, most often in families Collected from June to October

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Camelina Found mainly in colonies in pine forests. Prefers to settle on sandy soils. Harvested from late July to October

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Honey mushrooms grow in forest clearings, along forest edges, in ravines and ditches. Found among grass, in meadows, along roads. It begins to bear fruit at the end of May and before the onset of frost.

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Memo to the mushroom picker.

To pick mushrooms, you need to get up earlier. If you find a mushroom, don’t rush to pull it out by the roots, it’s better to cut it with a knife. You can’t scatter the forest floor - you’ll destroy the mycelium. Don’t collect old and wormy ones - they may contain poison. Don’t pick mushrooms in vain: many animals feed on them.

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Poisonous mushrooms

Porphyritic fly agaric Bile mushroom False mushrooms Pale toadstool Red fly agaric Amanita stinking

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Very beautiful because large quantity white flakes on the cap. Fly agaric Poisonous mushrooms

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Pale toadstool It is often confused with the champignon Satanic mushroom Po appearance resembles oak wood, but the flesh at the break first turns red and then turns blue. Poisonous mushrooms

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False honey fungus Grows in groups on and around the stumps of deciduous trees in August - September, rarely in July. Gall fungus Found from early August to early autumn in various types of forests, preferring conifers. It settles both on the soil and on rotting wood. Poisonous mushrooms

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MINISTRY OF HEALTH WARNINGS

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Don't pick mushrooms you don't know. Don't taste the mushrooms! Don't buy mushrooms without stems. They are the ones who can show what kind of mushroom it is.

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Do not take overgrown mushrooms; such mushrooms contain more toxic substances. Avoid buying mushrooms from unauthorized retail outlets.

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You should not pick mushrooms along roads or in industrial areas. Do not pick mushrooms in very hot weather; due to the heat, more than half of edible mushrooms become poisonous. It is not recommended to eat mushrooms for children under 7 years of age, as well as for elderly people and people with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Be careful with edible mushrooms such as russula, tremors, and nigella. They definitely need to be soaked for 1.5-2 hours, or even more.

Hydnellum peckii

This exotic mushroom is found in North America, mainly in coniferous forests. Mushrooms are covered with red droplets. Bleeding, the Tooth-Mushroom has already been brought to Europe, and was recently discovered in Iran and Korea. At first glance, this mushroom looks like a piece of bone with drops of bright scarlet blood on it. When you look closely, it becomes clear that the mushroom secretes this liquid through the pores of its dense white cap. The toxicity of the mushroom is average. The liquid is also poisonous and can be used as an insecticide. It is not recommended to touch it; it is easily absorbed and causes discomfort.

Blue mushroom - Entoloma hochstetteri

This is probably the most unusual colored mushroom, single specimens of which have been found in New Zealand and India. Such blue no longer found in nature. The mushroom is not all completely blue: the mushroom cap below has a reddish tint. The blue color of the mushroom body is created by three different pigments. Entoloma hochstetteri is not edible, but whether it is poisonous is also unknown. The mushroom quickly became a symbol of the country and was featured on the $50 note issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand in 1990. It was also one of six new species of mushrooms published in New Zealand in 2002.

Comb blackberry - Hericium Erinaceus

This mushroom looks like a piece of noodles or a pom-pom, known since ancient times as the "Lion's Mane Mushroom" or "Hedgehog Mushroom". Despite its strange appearance, it is an edible mushroom that tastes like honey mushrooms. In the wild, these mushrooms are common from late summer to late autumn, and grow abundantly on dead wood.

Clavaria Zollinger, or coral mushroom

Zollinger's Clavaria is very exotic - Clavaria zollingeri Lév., sometimes called coral mushroom, or purple coral. For Europe this is rare species, included in the red list of species in Denmark and Great Britain. And in Ireland it is used as an indicator species to assess the diversity of fungi in poor grassland substrates. IN recent years it has been noted in the Netherlands, and apparently may spread further. The mushroom is not considered edible.

Stinking octopus horn - Octopus stinkhorn

Sometimes, contemplating such creations, you begin to think about the sanity of the creator. Of course, there are cases when disgusting things turn out to be quite pleasant in taste and smell... but this is not the case: the mushroom, called the “stinking octopus horn”, not only looks disgusting, but also stinks so much that it’s impossible to describe words.

Side by side with it in Australia grows its brother in stink - a mushroom sea anemone, fragrant with corpses.

Bioluminescent mushroom - Mycena chlorophos

What you really see are bright green mushrooms with impressive color. These neon mushrooms, or Chlorophos Mycena (if used technical term) appear during the rainy season in Japanese and Brazilian forests, lighting up the soil with flaming spores. They grow at the base of tree trunks, on windbreaks, piles of leaves and dug up soil. The glow of mushrooms occurs due to bioluminescence, one of the amazing reactions that occur in some plants and animals. The difference between the firefly mushroom is that the concentration of this substance in it is such that it can be used practically like a candle.

Clathrus red, or trellis

And here is another, simply alien clathrus - red clathrus, or, as it is also called, lattice. It's also wood-destroying. inedible mushroom, which can rarely be found in forests. It can be found in southern regions with mild climates.

Giant golovach

Another unusual mushroom is the giant bighead ( Calvatia gigantea(Batsch) Lloyd). The fruiting body reaches 50 cm. This mushroom is a source of valuable raw materials, which is studied for the production of antitumor drugs, and is also used in folk medicine.

Bird's nest

There is such a mushroom - it is Nidulariaceae. This mold is found mainly in New Zealand. The shape from which the mushroom gets its name is an ingenious solution for the spread of spores. Accumulates in spore eggs rainwater Eventually, such an “egg” breaks through and shoots spores over distances of up to 1 meter.

Higher mushrooms
Belongs to the lower mushrooms
Poisonous mushroom
Edible mushroom
Belongs to the lower mushrooms
Type of relationship between tree and mushroom
Edible mushroom, which was named due to its resemblance to the animal
Edible mushroom
The science of mushrooms
These mushrooms are used in beer and wine production, they are involved in fermentation
This kingdom does not include either animals or plants.
The underground part of the mushroom

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Trametes multi-colored Trametes The versicolor is a species of mushroom that is distributed throughout the world and grows primarily on the trunks of dead trees, and is notable for its colorful stripes. The mushroom itself is inedible in the usual sense, but it is often used in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, scientists have also discovered that a substance in this mushroom improves immunity and can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of cancer.

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The "bleeding tooth" mushroom Hydnellum peca, or as it is also called the "bleeding tooth" mushroom, is often found in coniferous forests in the northwestern parts Pacific Ocean and in central Europe. It’s hard not to notice: the bright red liquid released from the pores of the mushroom is reminiscent of some kind of crime scene in nature. In fact, this mushroom is not poisonous, but it repels predators and people with its very bitter taste.

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Mushroom " earth star"The ground star mushroom or triple star mushroom is a type of puffball mushroom that can be found in different places and elevations around the world. This unusual mushroom changes its appearance after emerging from the ground. Its "rays" bend downward, the round fruiting body rises and releases spores into the air. This mushroom is famous in some Indian tribes. medicinal properties, and also, according to legend, he predicts upcoming celestial phenomena.

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The combed hedgehog The combed hedgehog, which is also called "monkey's head", "bearded tooth" or " lion's mane"At first glance, it does not evoke any associations with a mushroom. This edible mushroom grows on both living and dead trees, and when cooked, it resembles seafood in color and texture. It not only tastes good, but is also used in traditional Chinese medicine, having antioxidant properties and reducing blood glucose levels.

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Bioluminescent Mushroom Mycena mushroom is one of 71 species of bioluminescent mushrooms that glow green. Bioluminescent mushrooms grow in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico and Puerto Rico and have a soft yellow-green glow. Bioluminescence is due to a substance similar to that found in fireflies.

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coral mushroom The coral mushroom looks like it should be growing somewhere on coral reef. Scientists have determined that there are about 1,200 species of clavaria mushrooms, which vary in shades ranging from white to bright orange and purple. These mushrooms grow in many places, mostly in tropical areas, and are considered inedible.