Names of the winds. Baikal winds And the river and the wind name

Mountain, Barguzin, Verkhovik, Kultuk, Sarma, Angara

Strong winds, even without taking into account the resulting waves, can pose a serious danger to a light tourist boat. Therefore, it is worthwhile to get acquainted with the Baikal winds and the signs by which you can judge impending troubles while still on land in a calm environment.

Baikal is surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges, which significant influence on climate, in particular, on the formation of air flows. The determining factor is the presence of intermountain basins surrounding Baikal, the temperature in which differs significantly from the temperature in the main basin - the Baikal basin. The greatest temperature difference occurs in autumn; it reaches 30–40 degrees, which leads to a significant pressure drop and the emergence of powerful air currents.

The average wind load on Lake Baikal depends on geographical location, time of year and time of day. The most favorable season is the one that interests us most - summer. In June–July, 80% of the time is calm or weak wind (wave height does not exceed 0.5 m). Most often, strong winds occur in the fall; for example, in the area of ​​Olkhon Island in October–December, strong winds blow on average 58 days out of 100.

During the day, the calmest time is two to three hours after sunrise and about the same before sunset. Calm lasting during daylight hours rarely occurs. The figure below with wind roses in different places along the coast can give you an idea of ​​the duration of the calm.

The Baikal wind tends to intensify near capes. Even in complete calm, a small breeze can blow opposite the capes, and in windy weather the increase in wind speed can be significant. This should be taken into account when passing rocky headlands that drop vertically into the water.

Based on their origin, winds in the Baikal basin are divided into passing and local. The first are associated with passing over the lake atmospheric fronts and air masses are the strongest winds. Local winds arise due to the difference in air temperatures over water and land. Bright and everyone famous example- a breeze blowing from sea to land during the day, and from land to sea at night. Local winds are usually not dangerous. The exception, apparently, is pokatuha, which will be discussed below.

Depending on the direction, there are two main types of Baikal winds - longitudinal and transverse. The first ones blow along the lake basin and, thanks to the significant acceleration length, raise big waves, the latter blow across the basin and are particularly cunning and ferocious.

good artistic description Baikal winds can be found in O. Gusev’s book “Naturalist on Baikal”. According to O. Gusev, there are about 30 local names for winds, often the same wind has several names.

Below is a description and characteristics of the most remarkable air currents found on Lake Baikal. Let me note that it is not for nothing that Baikal is famous for its violent temper; even in the calmest season - summer - strong storms can occur. It often happens that several winds blow at the same time and it is quite difficult to understand which of them we are dealing with. The wind in such situations can almost instantly change direction to the opposite.

Air flow directions on Lake Baikal and wind roses for summer period shown on the map.

Verkhovik

Verkhovik, also known as angara (the second name is more often used in the northern part of the lake, in the southern part it causes confusion - angara is also called the wind that rules at the source of the Angara). Sometimes the names verkhovka, north, siver are used. It is named so because it blows from the valley of the Upper Angara River, i.e. from the upper end of the lake.

Verkhovik can blow simultaneously throughout Lake Baikal. In summer, the verkhovik reaches the southern tip of Baikal extremely rarely, limiting itself to Cape Tolstoy as the southern border (there are six capes with this name on Lake Baikal, in this case we mean the cape located approximately 10 km east of the village of Listvyanka). On northern Baikal, the verkhovik blows from the north, on middle and southern Baikal - from the northeast.

Particularly ferocious verkhoviks occur before Baikal freezes - in December. The wind is not gusty - it usually blows calmly, the weather with such a wind is dry and clear.

The wind usually begins in the morning, after sunrise, and often subsides before sunset, but it can blow for a very long time without stopping - up to ten days. Such prolonged winds begin in mid-August. Due to its considerable duration and lack of gusts, the Verkhovik can create very large waves. This is one of the most famous and significant winds on Lake Baikal.

The harbinger of verkhovik is the bright red horizon before sunrise.

Kultuk

Kultuk, aka nizovik, nizovka. The wind blows from the lower, southern tip of Baikal, from Kultuk Bay (more precisely, from Kultuchnaya Pad). This is a southwest wind, it blows in the direction opposite to the upper wind, but also along the lake basin. Kultuk brings with it powerful storms, rain and cloudy weather. Sometimes in spring and early summer the kultuk blows even in clear weather. This wind can blow over the entire basin of the lake at once, but not for as long as the upper part of the lake. Often the kultuk flies suddenly, and just as suddenly it can give way to the wind opposite direction- Verkhovik. Kultuk leads to the most powerful storms on Lake Baikal, raising huge gloomy, leaden waves.

The harbinger of kultuk is the gloomy clouds gathering in the southwestern part of Lake Baikal.

Barguzin

Barguzin - smooth and strong northeast wind. The names midnight owl are also used (sometimes barguzin blows at night) and the already outdated barguznik. An air stream escapes from the Barguzin Valley.

Unlike the longitudinal winds - Verkhovik and Kultuk - Barguzin blows across the basin of the lake and only in its middle part. It is assumed that under certain conditions the barguzin can reach southern Baikal. In terms of duration and strength, it is inferior to verkhovik and kultuk.

Barguzin usually does not blow for more than a day, most often it begins after sunrise and subsides towards sunset. Usually Barguzin brings with it sunny weather. The wind speed rarely exceeds 20 m/s, but in the Barguzin Bay it can reach hurricane force.

Mountain

North-west wind. Refers to cross winds. The cold air flow breaks down from the mountains (hence the name) - from the slopes of the Primorsky and Baikal ridges and spreads its influence only on the western coast of Lake Baikal. The Olkhon Buryats in former times called the mountain wind - Khoyta-Khaltin or Barun-Khoyta-Khaltin.

The occurrence of this wind is due to the existence of the Primorsky and Baikal mountain ranges on the northern coast of Lake Baikal. Cold Arctic masses, approaching Baikal, accumulate near these mountain ranges, unable to cross them on the move. Having accumulated a critical mass, the cold air passes over the mountains and, accelerating, rushes along the steep slopes to Lake Baikal. In some places on the coast - in the valleys mountain rivers- exist especially favorable conditions to accelerate air flow. This is how sarma, harakhaikha and other types of mountain winds of hurricane force arise.

Gornaya is the most ferocious and treacherous of the Baikal winds. It comes suddenly, the speed increases in leaps and bounds, maximum speed mountainous can reach 40–50 m/s. The mountain one is often called sarma, although sarma, like harakhaikha, buguldeika, and angara, are varieties of the mountain one.

There are a number of signs that can be used to predict the occurrence of a mountain in advance. In summer, it is often preceded by calm, windless weather and sweltering heat; clouds appear over the mountain peaks, gradually forming a gloomy cloud bank stretching over the mountain range. A fairly reliable sign can be a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure.

According to my personal observations, in summer the mountain wind most often begins at night.

Sarma

A strong squally wind escaping from the valley of the Sarma River, a type of mountain river, flowing into the Small Sea. Cold arctic air from the Lena Upland, rolling over the Primorsky ridge, enters the Sarma River valley, which narrows towards Baikal - a natural wind tunnel, at the exit of which it reaches hurricane speed.

Sarma can blow continuously for several days, the wind being so strong that it knocks down trees, capsizes ships, rips roofs off houses and throws livestock from the shore into the sea. Residents tie the roofs of houses in the village of Sarma, located in the valley of the river of the same name, to the ground. This wind is most frequent and fierce in autumn and winter. On average, in November sarma blows for 10 days, in December - 13. Usually sarma covers the Maloe More and western part Lake Baikal, but can sometimes be felt on the eastern shore of the lake. The wind speed increases abruptly and quickly reaches hurricane force.

A sign of the approaching sarma are stratocumulus clouds with sharply defined boundaries, gathering over the peaks of the Primorsky ridge near the Sarma gorge. Typically, 2-3 hours pass from the beginning of cloud concentration to the first gust of sarma. The last warning is the opening of the “gate” - the appearance of a gap between the tops of the mountains and the lower edge of the clouds. Sometimes wisps of clouds are visible rushing down the mountain slopes. The wind comes 15-30 minutes after that.

Harahaiha

A type of mountain wind, an extremely fierce squally wind blowing from the valley of the Goloustnaya River. It is especially frequent in autumn and winter, at the same time it is most powerful and lasting. The name comes from the Buryat “hara” - black.

Buguldeyka

A strong cross wind escaping from the valley of the Buguldeika River. Like all mountain winds, it can blow continuously for several days.

Angara

A type of mountain wind that blows from the Angara River valley. Reaches great strength, dispersing fierce waves in the shallow source of the Angara. Usually it blows evenly, without squalls. Brings raw to the Eastern Shore cold weather. It happens especially often in autumn and winter.

Selenga

A cold cross wind from the southeast direction, blowing from the Selenga River valley, can reach the western shore and lead to emergence of a dead swell in the area of ​​the village of Buguldeika.

Shelonnik

Rolling down from the Khamar-Daban ridge, air masses coming from Mongolia manifest themselves in the form of a warm southeast wind. The speed of the moth usually does not exceed 10 m/s.

The name was most likely brought by the Novgorodians - this is the name of the southeast wind on the Shelon River, which flows into Lake Ilmen. Shelonnik is most often observed in spring, autumn and early winter, covering only southern part lakes. Brings warm weather.

Pokatukha

Strong short-term local squall. Its harbinger can be an elongated cloud or a strip of fog over the water (according to V.P. Bryansky - a cloud-harbinger of a cylindrical shape, rotating around a longitudinal axis, is located in the mountains, on average height). After some time, the cloud begins to move quickly with a powerful squall, overturning boats, breaking trees, sweeping away everything in its path.

This is how eyewitness L. Perminov describes the ride: “A strange cloud attracted my attention. It was small in diameter and stretched evenly over the lake along the west-east axis. The cloud seemed to stand still for a long time, but suddenly rushed to the east. I considered it prudent get to the shore. And then ahead I saw a “devilish spiral” rushing low over the water. Spinning clockwise (as seen from the east), the spiral was rushing over the water with an unusually high speed. Something mystical was wafted from this whirlwind. "Dangerous high waves rolled after the cloud."

There is quite a bit of information about pokatukha; apparently, this wind occurs only on the eastern shore of Lake Baikal in the Vydrino-Boyarsky section.

In conclusion, I would like to note the following. Although many years of statistical data have been accumulated on Baikal winds, no one can reliably answer the question of which direction the wind will prevail in any area of ​​Baikal, for example, in July. The reason is that the main wind flows are through, i.e. are determined by external conditions - atmospheric fronts passing through the Baikal basin.

Literature:

OK. Gusev "Naturalist on Baikal", " Soviet Russia", M., 1977.
V.P. Solonin "The Shores of Baikal", Materials for tourists, Irkutsk, 1991.
V.P. Bryansky “Desired, furious, beautiful”, Tourist Guide, Irkutsk, 2001.

Wind symbol	Name	Direction
	Tramontana	Northern. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
NNE	Tramontana greco	North-northeast. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
	Greco	Northeastern. Strong wind, typical of the Mediterranean.
ENE	Greco levante	East-northeast.
	Levante	Oriental.
ESE	Levante scirocco	East-southeast.
	Scirocco	Southeastern. Warm and humid wind blowing from Mediterranean Sea.
SSE	Ostro scoricco	South-southeast.
	Ostro	Southern, dry and warm wind.
SSW	Ostro libeccio	South-southwest.
	Libeccio	Southwestern. Cold and damp wind.
WSW	Ponente libeccio	West-southwest.
	Ponente	West.
W.N.W.	Ponente maestro	West-northwest.
	Maestro	Northwestern.
NNW	Tramontana maestro	North-northwest.

A complete collection of wind names is here in the wind dictionary - http://old.marin.ru/lib_wind_index_01.shtml

Information taken from the website "Cloud Haven"

Unfortunately, the site no longer exists and the link therefore does not work.

“The winds are evil over Canada”, “There is a month above the window. There is a wind under the window”, “Hey, Barguzin, move the shaft!”, “Night zephyr flows through the ether”, “Blizzard, blizzard”, “Let the storm blow stronger!”, as well as “Hostile whirlwinds” and kamikazes, all not mentioned by night , the wind of change, finally (I don’t want to remember the Nord-West at all) - we know all this from songs and poems. I wonder if poetry would gain more if it were used by everyone possible names winds, and there are countless of them.

Literary scholars, of course, have calculated the approximate number of statements for each classic of Russian literature that embody the image of the wind. It turns out a lot - more than fifty. And there is also European literature. What about Chinese poetry? What about Japanese? An ordinary person makes do with a small set of different definitions of winds. We all know about blizzards, blizzards, blizzards. HURRICANE came from the language of the Indians (in truth, there is another version about the Turkic origin of the word, but storms and storms in Central America among the Quiché tribes were caused by “Huracan” - the one-legged god of thunder and thunderstorms,

any bad weather and storms, and this is convincing). Chinese word dai-fyn - big wind - became the well-known TYPHOON. Those who paid tribute to travel books in childhood cannot help but remember the MISTRAL - a strong, gusty, cold and dry wind from the northern directions, MONSONS (very strong seasonal winds) and TRADE WINDS (easterly winds towards the equator).

Oh my darling, my incomparable lady,

My icebreaker is sad, and my navigator is looking south,

And imagine that a star from the constellation Cygnus

He looks directly into my copper window.

The wind flies directly into the same window,

Called in different places either monsoon or trade wind.

He flies in and flips through the letters with an obvious grin,

Unsent because the recipient was missing. (Vizbor).

How the children's imagination was affected by the description of SAMUMA (poisonous heat) - a fiery wind, the breath of death - a hot, dry storm in the deserts or SIROCCO - a very dusty storm wind blowing from the deserts. And those who have read Paustovsky should remember SORANG - according to legend, the legendary hot night wind in Scotland, observed once every few hundred years.

Many people remember from mythology BOREAS - cold north wind, in many areas of the northern Mediterranean coast and the deity of the north wind in Greek mythology. Or ZEPHYR - warm and humid on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea (Greece, Italy) and the deity of this wind in Greek mythology. And also AQUILON - the cold northern one in Rome and the corresponding deity. Less known is ARGEST, a dry wind in Greece and, of course, a deity. And the wind can be, for example, WHITE. This is very good wind Many people probably love it: dry and warm wind in good weather without precipitation. IN different countries he has different names: Tongara putih, Levant, Maren, Otan, Levkonotos. And on Lake Seliger either the SINGLE or the MARRIED wind blows. It turns out that there is a Wind of France - Biz, viz - the northern wind in the mountainous regions of France, Italy, Switzerland. It plays a significant role in shaping living conditions and is accompanied by significant cooling.

There is black biz (biz noir, biz negro), there is twilight or brown. And what beautiful names winds among the Arabs (sea and desert travelers) - ZOBAA (in desert Egypt), KASKAZI - off the southeastern coast of Arabia, IRIFI - strong dust storms in the Sahara and Morocco, sometimes bringing clouds of locusts to the Canary Islands. KALEMA - very strong winds and ocean surf off the western shores North Africa with waves reaching 6 meters in height. Kalema is also observed in other places on the ocean coasts - California and India. KHABABAI - on the shores of the Red Sea.

Even for sandstorms there is more than one name: KHABUB, JANI, HAVA JANUBI, the famous KHAMSIN. What about the Spaniards, who conquered the seas and oceans? GINGERNO, ABREGO, CRIADOR, COLLA, COLLADA, LOS BRISOTES DE LA SAYTA MARIA, TEMPORALE, PAMPERO in the Andes and on Atlantic coast, PARAMITO in Colombia, ALICIO on Canary Islands, CORDONASO and CHUBASCO in Mexico. Of course, the masters of the seas of the 18th and 19th centuries could not remain silent, and many of us know English names winds. But there are also lesser known ones. English learners come across the idiom dog days - dog days are a period of light winds and hot weather, often with thunderstorms. And in the ports of the USA and Canada, workers called the storm with sleet, slush and splashing waves - BARBER (scratched the skin like a bad hairdresser). In Australia there is a thunderstorm called DRUNK, or Squint-eyed BOB.

And they don’t seem to be at all poetic in sound, but it is possible that they are very nice German names: ALLERHEILIGENWIND - warm wind in the Alps, or MOATZAGOTL (goat’s beard) - in the Sudetes. Surely the BERNSTEINWIND (amber wind) sounded in German poetry - the wind from the sea on the Baltic coast Kaliningrad region. In Japan, the wind has always been given great value. The infamous KAMIKAZE is the divine wind in Japanese mythology. According to legend, in 1281 he sank a squadron of ships of Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan. But there are also many other winds in Japan: KOGARASHI - wind with snow, MATSUKAZE - a small breeze, autumn HIROTO, cloudy YAMASE. And a very good wind in beautiful weather - SUZUKAZE. “The wind sounds” in other languages. LU, onion, feces - hot, dry, sultry and very dusty wind from the Himalayas to Delhi. (With Lu, there have been cases of lethargic sleep leading to memory loss).

ADJINA-SHAMOL - a squally damn wind blowing in Tajikistan and uprooting trees. BATTIKALOA KACCHAN - warm wind on the island. Sri Lanka. (Received the nickname of a madman, as it has a negative effect on the condition of some patients). TAN GA MB I L I - in Equatorial Africa and in Zanzibar, which is called violent. AKMAN, Tukman - a strong snowstorm in Bashkiria, marking the transition to spring. Indonesian winds TENGGARA and PANAS UTARA, Mexican (Aztec word) - TEHUANTEPEQUERO, Yakut SOBURUUNGU TYAL, Afghan BAD-I-SAD-O-BISTROZ, Bengal BAISHAK, Nigerian, demolishing the roofs of houses - GADARI, Hawaiian UKIUKIU. Forty-day SHAMAL of the Persian Gulf. What about the winds in Russia? There are so many blizzards: blizzard, blowing snow, winnowing snowstorm, blizzard, chicken, borosho, and with it - drifting snow, drifting snow, crawling crawl, mud, diarrhea, dragging. SOLODNIK, chief - at the mouth of the Kolyma River.

INDIAN WIND - weak Kamchatka wind. MIDNIGHT - a northeast wind in the north, blowing from high latitudes; on the Yenisei it is called rekostav, frostbite. PADARA - a storm with snow and wind. HVIUS, khius, khiz, fiyuz - a sharp north wind, accompanied by severe frost. CHISTYAK - a severe storm with clear skies and severe frost in Western Siberia. SHELONIK - southwest wind.

There are also common names, for example, the famous LEVAN (Levant) - the east wind in the Mediterranean, Black and Seas of Azov(from Gibraltar to Kuban) or GARBY - the southern sea wind in Italy, as well as on the Black and Azov Seas. In Yalta Bay, it whips up a high wave and is capable of throwing a fishing boat ashore.

We cannot hide from the winds. Wind I is over, but you are alive.

And the wind, complaining and crying, rocks the forest and the dacha.

Not every pine separately, but all the trees

With all the boundless distance, Like the bodies of sailboats

On the surface of the ship's bay. And this is not out of daring

Or out of aimless rage, And in order to find words in anguish

A lullaby for you.

Boris Pasternak

Wind symbol	Name	Direction
		Northern. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
	Tramontana greco	North-northeast. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
		Northeastern. Strong wind, typical for the Mediterranean.
		East-northeast.
		Oriental.
	Levante scirocco	East-southeast.
		Southeastern. Warm and humid wind blows from the Mediterranean Sea.
		South-southeast.
		Southern, dry and warm wind.
		South-southwest.
		Southwestern. Cold and damp wind.
	Ponente libeccio	West-southwest.
		West.
		West-northwest.
		Northwestern.
	Tramontana maestro	North-northwest.

Information taken from the Cloud Harbor website
Unfortunately, the site no longer exists and the link therefore does not work.

“The winds are evil over Canada”, “There is a month above the window. There is a wind under the window”, “Hey, Barguzin, move the shaft!”, “Night zephyr flows through the ether”, “Blizzard, blizzard”, “Let the storm blow stronger!”, as well as “Hostile whirlwinds” and kamikazes, all not mentioned by night , the wind of change, finally (I don’t want to remember the Nord-West at all) - we know all this from songs and poems. I wonder if poetry would gain more if it used all the possible names of the winds, and there are countless of them.

Literary scholars, of course, have calculated the approximate number of statements for each classic of Russian literature that embody the image of the wind. It turns out a lot - more than fifty. And there is also European literature. What about Chinese poetry? What about Japanese? The average person gets by with a small set of different definitions of winds. We all know about blizzards, blizzards, blizzards. HURRICANE came from the language of the Indians (in truth, there is another version about the Turkic origin of the word, but storms and storms in Central America among the Quiché tribes were caused by “Huracan” - the one-legged god of thunder and thunderstorms,

any bad weather and storms, and this is convincing). The Chinese word dai-feng - big wind - became the well-known TYPHOON. Those who paid tribute to travel books in childhood cannot help but remember the MISTRAL - a strong, gusty, cold and dry wind from the northern directions, MONSONS (very strong seasonal winds) and TRADE WINDS (easterly winds towards the equator).

Oh my darling, my incomparable lady,

My icebreaker is sad, and my navigator is looking south,

And imagine that a star from the constellation Cygnus

He looks directly into my copper window.

The wind flies directly into the same window,

Called in different places either monsoon or trade wind.

He flies in and flips through the letters with an obvious grin,

Unsent because the recipient was missing. (Vizbor).

How the children's imagination was affected by the description of SAMUMA (poisonous heat) - a fiery wind, the breath of death - a hot, dry storm in the deserts or SIROCCO - a very dusty storm wind blowing from the deserts. And those who have read Paustovsky should remember SORANG - according to legend, a legendary hot night wind observed once every few hundred years in Scotland.

Many people remember from mythology BOREAUS - the cold north wind, in many places on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and the deity of the north wind in Greek mythology. Or ZEPHYR - warm and humid on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea (Greece, Italy) and the deity of this wind in Greek mythology. And also AQUILON - the cold northern one in Rome and the corresponding deity. Less known is ARGEST, a dry wind in Greece and, of course, a deity. And the wind can be, for example, WHITE. This is a very good wind, probably many people love it: a dry and warm wind in good weather without precipitation. In different countries it has different names: Tongara putih, Levant, Maren, Otan, Levkonotos. And on Lake Seliger either the SINGLE or the MARRIED wind blows. It turns out that there is a Wind of France - Biz, viz - the northern wind in the mountainous regions of France, Italy, Switzerland. It plays a significant role in shaping living conditions and is accompanied by significant cooling.

There is black biz (biz noir, biz negro), there is twilight or brown. And what beautiful names of winds the Arabs (sea and desert travelers) have - ZOBAA (in desert Egypt), KASKAZI - off the south-eastern coast of Arabia, IRIFI - strong dust storms in the Sahara and Morocco, sometimes bringing clouds of locusts to the Canary Islands. KALEMA - very strong winds and ocean surf off the western coast of North Africa with waves reaching 6 meters in height. Kalema is also observed in other places on the ocean coasts - California and India. KHABABAI - on the shores of the Red Sea.

Even for sandstorms there is more than one name: KHABUB, JANI, HAVA JANUBI, the famous KHAMSIN. What about the Spaniards, who conquered the seas and oceans? GINGERNO, ABREGO, CRIADOR, COLLA, COLLADA, LOS BRISOTES DE LA SAYTA MARIA, TEMPORALE, PAMPERO in the Andes and on the Atlantic coast, PARAMITO in Colombia, ALICIO in the Canary Islands, CORDONASO and CHUBASCO in Mexico. Of course, the masters of the seas of the 18th and 19th centuries could not remain silent, and we know many of the English names of the winds. But there are also lesser known ones. English learners come across the idiom dog days - a period of light winds and hot weather, often with thunderstorms. And in the ports of the USA and Canada, workers called the storm with sleet, slush and splashing waves - BARBER (scratched the skin like a bad hairdresser). In Australia there is a thunderstorm called DRUNK, or Squint-eyed BOB.

And they seem to be not at all poetic in sound, but it is possible that they are very nice German names: ALLERHEILIGENWIND - warm wind in the Alps, or MOATZAGOTL (goat's beard) - in the Sudetes. Surely the BERNSTEINWIND (amber wind) sounded in German poetry - the wind from the sea on the Baltic coast of the Kaliningrad region. In Japan, wind has always been of great importance. The infamous KAMIKAZE is the divine wind in Japanese mythology. According to legend, in 1281 he sank a squadron of ships of Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan. But there are also many other winds in Japan: KOGARASHI - wind with snow, MATSUKAZE - a slight breeze, autumn HIROTO, cloudy YAMASE. And a very good wind in beautiful weather - SUZUKAJE. “The wind sounds” in other languages. LU, onion, feces - hot, dry, sultry and very dusty wind from the Himalayas to Delhi. (With Lu, there have been cases of lethargic sleep leading to memory loss).

ADJINA-SHAMOL - a squally damn wind blowing in Tajikistan and uprooting trees. BATTIKALOA KACCHAN - warm wind on the island. Sri Lanka. (Received the nickname of a madman, as it has a negative effect on the condition of some patients). TAN GA MB I LI - in Equatorial Africa and Zanzibar, which is called violent. AKMAN, Tukman - a strong snow storm in Bashkiria, marking the transition to spring. Indonesian winds TENGGARA and PANAS UTARA, Mexican (Aztec word) - TEHUANTEPEQUERO, Yakut SOBURUUNGU TYAL, Afghan BAD-I-SAD-O-BISTROZ, Bengal BAISHAK, Nigerian, demolishing the roofs of houses - GADARI, Hawaiian UKIUKIU. Forty-day SHAMAL of the Persian Gulf. What about the winds in Russia? One blizzard is so many: blizzard, blowing snow, winnowing snowstorm, blizzard, kura, borosho, and with it - drifting snow, drifting snow, crawling crawl, mud, diarrhea, dragging. SOLODNIK, chief - at the mouth of the Kolyma River.

INDIAN WIND – weak Kamchatka wind. MIDNIGHT - a northeast wind in the north, blowing from high latitudes; on the Yenisei it is called rekostav, frostbite. PADARA - a storm with snow and wind. HVIUS, khius, khiz, fiyuz - a sharp north wind, accompanied by severe frost. CHISTYAK is a severe storm with clear skies and severe frost in Western Siberia. SHELONIK – southwest wind.

There are also common names, for example, the famous LEVAN (Levant) - the east wind on the Mediterranean, Black and Azov Seas (from Gibraltar to Kuban) or GARBIA - the southern sea wind in Italy, as well as on the Black and Azov Seas.In Yalta Bay, it whips up a high wave and is capable of throwing a fishing boat ashore.

We cannot hide from the winds. Wind I is over, but you are alive.

And the wind, complaining and crying, rocks the forest and the dacha.

Not every pine separately, but all the trees

With all the boundless distance, Like the bodies of sailboats

On the surface of the ship's bay. And this is not out of daring

Or out of aimless rage, And in order to find words in anguish

A lullaby for you.

Boris Pasternak

Answer from Igor[guru]
Trade wind - wind blowing between the tropics all year round, in the Northern Hemisphere from the north-east, in the Southern - from the south-east, separated from each other by a windless strip. On the oceans the trade winds blow with the greatest regularity; on the continents and on the seas adjacent to the latter, their direction is partly modified under the influence of local conditions. IN Indian Ocean, due to the configuration of the coastal continent, the trade winds completely change their character and turn into monsoons.

Origin of the Trade Winds
Due to action sun rays in the equatorial zone, the lower layers of the atmosphere, heating up more, rise upward and tend towards the poles, while below new colder air currents arrive from the north and south; Due to the daily rotation of the Earth according to the Coriolis force, these air currents take a direction towards the northeast (northeast trade wind) in the Northern Hemisphere, and a direction to the southeast (southeast trade wind) in the Southern Hemisphere. The closer any point globe lies towards the pole, the smaller the circle it describes per day, and therefore, the less speed it acquires; Thus, air masses flowing from higher latitudes, having a lower speed than points on the earth's surface on the equatorial strip, rotating from west to east, must lag behind them and, therefore, flow from east to west. In low latitudes, close to the equator, the difference in speeds for one degree is very insignificant, since the meridian circles become almost mutually parallel, and therefore in the band between 10 ° N. w. and 10° S. w. inflowing layers of air in contact with earth's surface, acquire the speed of the last points; As a result, near the equator, the northeast trade wind again takes an almost northern direction, and the southeast trade wind almost south, and, meeting each other, give a strip of calm. In the trade wind zone between 30° N. w. and 30° S. w. In each hemisphere, two trade winds blow: in the Northern Hemisphere, the northeast wind is below, the southwest wind is above, in the Southern Hemisphere, the southeast wind is below, and the northwest wind is above. The upper current is called anti-passat, anti-passat, or upper trade wind. Beyond 30° north and south. w. The upper layers of air coming from the equator descend to the surface of the earth and the regularity of the equatorial and polar currents ceases. From the polar boundary of the trade wind (30°), part of the air mass returns to the equator as the lower trade wind, and the other part flows to higher latitudes and appears in the Northern Hemisphere as the southwest or westerly wind, and in the Southern Hemisphere as the northwest or westerly wind .
Historical perspective
Lower trade winds between the tropics; on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, were known to ancient sailors. Columbus's companions were greatly alarmed by these winds, which carried them ceaselessly to the west. The correct explanation of the origin of the trade wind was first given by Hadley (1735). The strip of calm moves north or south, depending on the state of the sun at the equator; in the same way the boundaries of the trade wind region change both in the north and in the south in different times year. IN Atlantic Ocean the northeast trade wind blows in winter and spring between 5° and 27° N. w. , and in summer and autumn between 10° and 30° N. w. . The southeast trade wind reaches 2° N in winter and spring. w. , and in summer and autumn 3° N. w. , thus crossing the equator and gradually turning into a south and southwest wind.
Special maritime terminology.
East wind - ost.
Northeast wind - nor'easter.
Southeast wind - southeast

What was the wind for our ancestors? At first glance, it seems not as important a phenomenon as water, which gave life to crops or brought floods, and not as significant as fire, which brought warmth to the hearth or bringer of death and devastation from fire. In fact, the wind mattered no less.

A clear confirmation of this: in any culture there was a god of the wind, who was depicted in frescoes and paintings, who was worshiped and sacrifices were made. Moreover, the wind was the most mysterious of all the elements: in ancient times it seemed to people who did not know physical reasons its origin, intangible. Fire appeared from a lightning strike, it could be caused by friction, water flowed in rivers and spilled from the sky. The wind came from nowhere, but its power was palpable: it could drive up rain clouds that irrigate crops - or, on the contrary, it could dry up fields and destroy seedlings, cause a storm that breaks trees and beats grains to the ground... They were entirely dependent on the whim of the winds sailors. Fishermen know about the influence of wind on the bite, and hunters determine the movement of air currents so that the prey does not smell them ahead of time.

Although in ancient times people did not know such words - modern biologists recognize the most important role of wind in the life of any plants, their pollination and various metabolic processes, soil scientists note the significant influence of wind on the formation of the relief and composition of the soil (for example, due to wind erosion - "blowing" upper layers land). Well, meteorologists, of course, can tell a lot about the role of wind in the formation of underwater currents, temperature changes, and even its impact on the well-being of people and animals.

Even without having that arsenal scientific knowledge, which we have now, the ancients noted the undoubted influence of the wind on the life of nature - and therefore their own. They animated the wind, communicated with it, trying to explain its changeable behavior, and tried in every possible way to appease it. Moreover, noticing that the winds blow from different sides light, are cold and warm, wet and drying, ancient peoples often “appointed” responsibility for air element several deities at once.

The ancient Greeks considered Aeolus, a young demigod who lived on the distant Aeolian Islands in the western sea, to be the ruler of the winds. Aeolus was the son of a mortal woman and the sea god Poseidon (which once again proves: for the ancient Greeks, the relationship between sea currents, waves and wind was obvious). The Hellenes themselves had several “wind gods”. Boreas was considered the personification of the harsh north wind. He was depicted as winged, with long hair, beard and always stern face. "Boreas" in Greek meant "roaring", "noisy". But, despite the loudness, the Greeks loved Boreas - he brought them extremely favorable weather conditions, urged ships and contributed to the future good harvest, and once even destroyed the fleet of the Persian king Xerxes, who went to war against the Athenians. In general, Boreas did not promise anything good for the inhabitants of Africa, always bringing with it rain and extremely bad weather. The Romans called this same wind Aquilon or Arcgurus, and the Egyptians called it Kehu - “ram's forehead”.

The god of the west wind, named Zephyr, was considered a messenger and herald of other gods. “Zephyros” meant “dark”: for the Greeks, this flow of air always brought storms and thunderstorms. Later, the ancient Romans “appointed” Zephyr as the personification of a soft, caressing breeze - he promised them, as well as the peoples of the West, a favorable spring weather, convenient for sailing.

The god of the south wind, Not, like Boreas, was usually depicted with a beard and wings: he also had a difficult temperament. "Notos" in Greek means "wet", which immediately tells us important characteristic This wind: Noth was damp, and at the beginning of each summer it brought foggy, rainy and warm weather to Greece, which impaired the visibility of sailors and spoiled the health of ordinary citizens. The southeast wind - Eurus, or Euros, one of the sons of Aeolus, was often dry, but sometimes brought dampness. It still blows in those parts in winter, usually at the turn of day and night. It is curious that he is the only one of all the wind deities who was devoid of anthropomorphism - Evra was never depicted as a human-like creature. In company with Noth or Zephyr, Eurus often sank Hellenic ships.

The east wind came to Palestine from the desert, hot and dry. There they called him khamsin, and usually he brought troubles - drought and subsequent famine. At the same time, Palestinian beliefs stated that people born under east wind, in the future they will become happy and rich - apparently, as atonement for the hardships suffered at the very beginning of life.

In Mazdaism, the religion of the ancient Persians, the concept of “wind” meant the Universe itself, its influence on the Earth and people, both in the physical and energetic sense. According to Muslim beliefs, winds originated from the flapping of the wings of mythological birds supporting the throne of Allah.

The most famous wind god from the pantheon Eastern Slavs- Of course, Stribog. He was usually represented in the form of a gray-haired old hermit living at the edge of the world, in a dense forest or on an island in the middle of the sea-ocean. It is curious that Stribog was mentioned and revered together with Dazhbog, the god of rain. The name Stribog went back to the ancient root “strega” and meant “elder”, “paternal uncle”. According to myths, Stribog was born from the breath of Svarog, the main god symbolizing the clan. Among other functions, Stribog was responsible for the connection between the Upper and Lower pagan worlds. By the way, according to folklorists, the cult of Stribog lived for an incredibly long time. This god was invoked by millers in the Don regions back in the 19th century. They called him Stryb, and taught their children a peculiar song-spell:

Blow, Stryba, to us from the sky,

We need bread for tomorrow!

Other gods of the wind among the Slavs, as in the beliefs of other peoples, personified various types winds. Depicted as a ruddy youth with light brown curls, Dogoda (aka Weather) symbolized a gentle wind, a pleasant breath of air on a clear day - in a word, good weather. Dogoda was not friends with his brother Pozvizd (Posvist), who, on the contrary, caused bad weather and storms. Rain flowed from Whistle's thick beard, and with his breath he blew away the fogs. If Whistle shook his head, hail would rain down on the ground. Poda—a hot, drying wind—came from the south.

The Slavs also singled out the north wind - Siverko, which carried the cold from Arctic Ocean. Siverko was stern, and only softened a little towards the summer. Most of the names of the western and eastern winds came from words denoting the corresponding direction of the world: the eastern and northeastern winds were called “vstok”, “vstochina”, “vstochnik”, the western wind, in turn, was called “zapadnik” or “sunset”.

In Rus', the names of the winds were generally derived from the name of the side of the world or the area from which they came. For example, on the Volga the wind from the south was called “sea”, and the southeast wind was called “gorych” or “mountain”; On Baikal, the northeast wind was called "angara" after the name of the river flowing from Baikal. By the way, on Lake Baikal, where the wind almost always blows, more than thirty local names of winds are known. The peculiarity of the piercing Baikal winds is that most of them blow along the coast and there are few shelters from them. Apparently, from ancient times this taught local residents to distinguish one current of cold air from another, in order to know where to hide from the next one.