Declension of complex numerals by cases table. Declension of numerals

Numerals are used in the language to lexically designate the number, quantity or order of counted objects. They can be simple (with one stem - two, five), complex (with two stems - twelve, sixty) and compound (represented by several words - one hundred forty-seven, four thousand three hundred twenty-nine). Depending on the grammatical meaning and lexical use, numerals are divided into quantitative, ordinal, collective and fractional.

Compound cardinal numbers answer the question “how many?” and consist of several words written separately, corresponding to the number significant figures, excluding zeros, but with the addition of “thousands”, “millions” and other words denoting numbers. Cardinal numbers change according to cases. Change by number and gender is available only for ordinal (seventh, twentieth, thirty-first) numerals.

When declension of compound cardinal numerals by case, all parts change:

I.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

R.p. four thousand three hundred twenty-five

D.p. four thousand three hundred twenty-five

V.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

Tv.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

Pr.p. (about) four thousand three hundred twenty-five

For the correct declension of compound cardinal numerals, you need to know how their constituent numerals (both simple and complex) change by case.

The declension of cardinal numerals does not have a common pattern for all. The numerals “two”, “three”, “four” are declined according to type mixed declension adjectives:

I.p. two three four

R.p. two, three, four

D.p. two, three, four

V.p. two three four

Tv.p. two, three, four

Pr.p. (0) two, three, four

Numerals from “five” to “ten” and all ending in “-twenty” and “-ten” are declined in the same way as third declension nouns.

I.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

R.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

D.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

V.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

Tv.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

Pr.p. (o) seven, seventeen, seventy

Complex cardinal numerals ending in “-ten” change according to cases at the level of both stems (seventy).

When the numeral “eight” is declined in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases, it loses the fluent vowel “e” (it changes to soft sign– eight).

The numerals “eight” and all ending in “-ten” can have two forms of declension: literary (see above) and colloquial (colloquial) - “eight”, “fifty”, “eighty”.

Numerals indicating hundreds (“two hundred”, “three hundred”, “four hundred” and all ending in “-hundred”) change according to case in the same way as first declension nouns plural:

I.p. two hundred, six hundred

R.p. two hundred, six hundred

D.p. two hundred, six hundred

V.p. two hundred, six hundred

Tv.p. two hundred, six hundred

Pr.p. (o) two hundred, six hundred

Complex cardinal numbers ending in “-hundred” change by case at the level of both stems (six hundred). IN colloquial speech they can be used in a more simplified form - six hundred.

Compound cardinal numbers in colloquial speech tend to have a simplified case change. We often hear how they stop changing internal fundamentals(“three thousand three hundred twenty-five” - instead of the prescribed “three thousand three hundred twenty-five”). It also happens that only the last element of a compound cardinal number is declined: (c) “three thousand three hundred twenty-five” instead of (c) “three thousand three hundred twenty-five.”

In colloquial speech, simplified declension of numerals is considered acceptable, but in written speech it is not. In order not to make mistakes, it is best to immediately correctly change each component of a compound numeral by case. This is difficult, it requires some language practice, but there is nothing impossible about it. Practice on the proposed tables, and you will be able to use compound cardinal numerals in the desired declension without any problems.

This article will become a cheat sheet for those who want to learn how to inflect numerals by case.

When inflecting numerals into cases, many people make mistakes. Wrong endings can be seen all over the place. And if in oral speech this is not so obvious, then in written speech one can immediately see the errors. The difficulty of correct declension of this part of speech lies in the fact that there is no single rule. To correctly decline numerals, you should know several rules.

Important: Numerals are not declined according to a pattern or a single pattern. There are several types of declinations.

Types of quantitative declinations

Types of ordinal declinations

Let's look at it in more detail using examples in sentences, as well as in summary tables.

How to correctly decline cardinal numerals from 0 to 10 billion: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Quantitatives are one of the categories of numeral names, have a gender and answer the question “how many?”

Above we have already considered the general rules for declension of numerals. Now let's look at how to correctly decline cardinal numerals using the example of a table.

If you need, for example, to decline the number 300 or 900, just look at the table to understand the principle.

Table 1

Case	300 (three hundred)	900 (nine hundred)
AND.	three hundred	nine hundred
R.	three hundred	nine hundred
D.	three hundred	nine hundred
IN.	three hundred	nine hundred
T.	three hundred	nine hundred
P.	(about) three hundred	(about) nine hundred

Let's look at examples with nouns:

1. Roman didn’t have enough one thousand two hundred rubles to buy a bicycle.
2. Masha wanted to manage the hundred rubles she had donated on her own.

How to correctly decline ordinal numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: The digit of ordinal numbers indicates the number of an object when counting. They answer the question “which”, “which”, “which”, “which”. For example: fifth ball, thirty-first mile.

table 2

Case	Third	Thirtieth
AND.	third	thirtieth
R.	third	thirtieth
D.	third	thirtieth
IN.	third	thirtieth, thirtieth
T.	third	thirtieth
P.	(about) the third	(o) thirtieth

Examples with nouns:

The second participant of the competition showed the best results.
Vanya is now ten years old.
The fourth friend was not at home.

Comparative table of cardinal and ordinal numbers

How to correctly decline collective numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Collective numbers are a narrower category than cardinal numbers. Used with nouns, they serve to generalize several objects to one whole. For example, three friends, seven kids.

Table 3

Case	Six	Two
AND.	six	two
R.	six	two
D.	six	two
IN.	six	two
T.	six	two (two)
P.	(o) six	(o) two

Example sentences:

Five students took part in the annual Mathematics Olympiad.
Dinner for two in a restaurant will be the best gift on Valentine's Day.
Our cat brought six kittens.

How to correctly decline numeral compounds: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Numeral names are divided according to their composition into: simple, complex, compound. Compounds are made up of two or more words. For example: forty-two, three hundred twenty-five, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight.

When declining compound numerals by case, do not forget to change all words, see table. 4.

Table 4

Case	Twenty seven	Three hundred forty five
AND.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
R.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
D.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
IN.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
T.	twenty seven	three hundred forty five
P.	(o) twenty seven	(o) three hundred forty five

Examples of sentences with compound numerals:

Victory in the Great Patriotic War occurred in one thousand nine hundred and forty-five.
Twenty-two houses underwent major renovations.
The meeting was held with two hundred and forty-three employees of the company.

Important: In colloquial speech, the declension of compound numerals is simplified. It is permissible to incline only the first and the last word or just the latter.

Declension of compound numerals

How to correctly decline complex numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Examples of complex numerals: eighty, two hundred thousandth, four hundred. Complex numerals combine two roots in one word: five + hundred.

Table “Declination of complex numerals”

Examples of sentences with complex numbers:

More than two hundred children of different ages attend the kindergarten.
Sixty schoolchildren were given vouchers to the sanatorium.
More than three hundred applications were submitted to the competition.

How to correctly decline the numerals of ordinary fractions by case: rule, table, examples with nouns

Fractions consist of cardinal (numerator) and ordinal (denominator) numbers. For example, 1⁄2 is one half; 4⁄5 - four fifths.

To correctly decline a fractional number, you need to decline all its parts.

Table 5

Examples with nouns:

Add one third spoon of salt to the dough.
To two point three sixths add two point one eighth.

How to correctly decline the numerals of decimal fractions by case: rule, table, examples with nouns

Let us separately consider the declination decimals in Table 6.

Table 6

Case	1/10	1/100	1/1000
AND.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
R.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
D.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
IN.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
T.	one tenth	one hundredth	one thousandth
P.	(o) one tenth	(o) one hundredth	(about) one thousandth

Examples with nouns:

One tenth of a kilometer has already been passed.
Work has already been completed on one hundredth of the site.

Fractional numbers

How to correctly decline numerals of mixed numbers by case: rules, examples

Important: If the fraction contains a whole zero, for example 0.5, then the word “whole” is not declined.

Table 7

Examples of sentences with fractional numbers:

Multiply four point five by three point seven.
Subtract one tenth from three point two hundredths.

Declension of the numeral one and a half, one and a half hundred by cases: features of declension

The peculiarity of the declension of these numerals is that for the nominative and accusative cases there is one form, for other cases - another. This can be seen in the table below.

Table “Declination one and a half, one and a half hundred”

Declension of the numeral one, one by case: features of declension

The numeral one is declined in exactly the same way as the pronoun "this".

Table "Declination of the number one"

Declension of the numeral two, two in cases: features of declension

Table “Declination of the numeral two, two”

Declension of the numeral both, both by case: features of declension

The words both, both are collective numerals. The table in the figure below shows how these words should be declined.

Table “Declination of numerals both, both”

Now you know how to decline numerals. And if you forgot, you can read this article again.

Video: Rules for declension of numerals

The category of simple numbers includes those numbers that have only one root, for example: “five”, “seven”, “ten”. They are like nouns singular, feminine (“night”, “help”). That is, in the nominative and accusative cases the ending is “-ь”, in the instrumental “-yu”, in the rest “-i”. This is what “five” looks like:
- Nominative case: five.
- Genitive case: five.
- Dative case: five.
- Accusative: five.
- Instrumental case: five.
- Prepositional (about) five.

Declension of complex cardinal numerals

Complex numerals are numerals that consist of two roots (“eleven”, “fifty”, “”). The declension of these numerals has the following features: numerals ending in “-twenty” have only endings, while those ending in “-ten”, “-hundred” (the latter include “”, “three hundred”, “”) are declined in a series cases both roots. Details:
- Nominative case: fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.
- Genitive case: fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.
- Dative case: fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.
- Accusative: fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.
- Instrumental case: fifteen; ; seven hundred.
- Prepositional (about) fifteen; sixty; seven hundred.

Features of the declension of some numerals

Numerals such as “forty”, “ ” and “hundred” have only two forms of declension: “forty”, “ninety”, “hundred” (i.p., v.p.); "", "ninety", "hundred" (in other cases).

The declensions of the collective numerals “both”, “both”, “four” (and others), as well as the words “two”, “three”, “four” look like this:
- Nominative case: both; both; four; two; three; four.
- Genitive case: two; three; four; both; both; four; two; three; four
- Dative case: to both; both; four; two; three; four.
- Accusative: (whom?) both; both; four; two; three; four; (what?) both; both; four; two; three; four.
- Instrumental case: by both; both; four; two; three; four.
- Prepositional (about, about) both; both; four; two; three; four.

Also keep in mind that in compound numerals consisting of several words (for example: “one hundred thirty-one”), all words must be declined.

Such a part of speech as the numeral often causes difficulties even for native speakers, let alone those who study Russian as a foreign language. Particular problems arise when declension of ordinal numbers denoting three- or four-digit complex numbers: here even very educated people who have no problems with spelling and word formation. Imagine a phrase like: “We went camping with two thousand three hundred and twenty-eight pairs of socks” - it’s difficult to even say out loud, let alone quickly and competently select the necessary word forms!

Numerals as part of speech

The numeral is independent part speech, capable of playing the role of the main or minor member offers. Answers the questions “How much?” “Which?”, and in the case of cognate adjectives such as “eight-story”, “four-stroke” the question is asked “Which?”

May refer to:

quantity;
number of items;
order of objects when counting.

This part of speech is characterized by the category of case: in a sentence it always appears in the form of one of them. The main difficulty in declension of numerals is that there is no single model for the formation of case word forms. You must either know by heart all types of declension (namely, inflections, conjugations of verbs!) and be able to apply them in practice, or decline numerals by case online, which many sites can now help with.

Since there are many types and word forms, many begin to get confused, cannot correctly determine the case ending, use irregular shape case, they try to decline the cardinal number as an ordinal number and vice versa.

General theory of declension of numerals

From the introductory part of the article it is clear that there is no single model for the formation of word forms. If you turn to the 1990 edition of the Russian Grammar, you can find two types of declension of the numeral name: the substantive type of declension (it is similar to the case declension of nouns) and the adjective type of declension (inherent in adjectives).

According to the first (substantive) model, we incline:

Use of the second(adjective) model is used to change:

The cardinal numbers are one, two, three, four;
Ordinal numbers;
Collective (including “both” and “both”) and indefinite cardinal numbers.

Selected declination models

It is necessary to separately consider the formation of word forms of ordinal, quantitative, collective and fractional numerals. In mastering the rules for declension of numerals by case, tables in textbooks can only help to a certain extent, since there are a lot of options for forming case word forms.

Numeral one has three variations of the genus: one, one, one; its declension form is similar to the paradigm of the adjective singular. numbers like “beloved (oh, oh) - beloved (oh, wow).”

Numeral two has the feminine form “two” (the neuter form is equal to the masculine form) and is declined like an adjective in the plural (two blacks - two blacks, etc.), exactly the same principle is used to form case word forms of numerals three and four.

Important! In the accusative case of cardinal numerals from one to four, the ending often depends on the inanimateness or animateness of the object to which the numeral is attached. In the case of animation, the accusative case is formed according to the model genitive case, in case of inanimateness - according to the model nominative case. Example: “I see two cups”, but “I see two cats”; “I see the four directions of the world,” but “I see four horsemen.”

Numerals from five to ten, as well as on -twenty And -ten have the same form of declension as nouns such as power, rags (3rd declension of the noun).

Formation of word forms:

them. and c. p.: six, ten, thirteen, thirty;
gender, date, sentence p.: six, ten, thirteen, thirty;
tv.p.; six, ten, thirteen, thirty.

The instrumental case of the word “eight” has the form “eight” and not “eight”, which often causes confusion among foreign students.

Important! For cardinal numerals denoting double figures and ending in -ten, two endings in the word form: in compound word both parts change. Example: sixtyI, sixtyU.

For words with a special form of declension - one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred- only two ending options:

them. and c. p.: one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred;
gen., dat., tv., prev. p.: one and a half, forty, ninety, one hundred, one and a half hundred.

Formation of case word forms in numerals two hundred-four hundred, five hundred-nine hundred based on the two-part nature of these words. Conventionally, they can be divided into two parts (three-hundred, five-hundred), and each of these parts is inclined in its own way (three-hundred, three-hundred; five-hundred, five-hundred).

Understand the formation of word paradigms thousand and million is not difficult - it occurs by analogy with the formation of case word forms of nouns of the first ( feminine to -a) and second (masculine to consonant) declension, respectively.

In complex cardinal numbers Each word changes according to declination. For example: two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven, two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven). Knowing this rule is very important because it will help you cope, for example, with writing amounts on a receipt in words.

Important! For education accusative case For numerals starting from five, the category of animate/inanimate does not apply. Example: I see forty (one hundred) cups, I see forty (one hundred) cats. In the atypical numeral one and a half, the case declension takes into account the gender of the main noun in the phrase: one and a half glasses, BUT one and a half cups.

Declension of fractional numbers

A fractional numeral consists of three conditional parts - the integer part (which is omitted for numbers denoting proper fractions less than one and improper fractions), a numerator and a denominator. When changing by case, all parts are declined: eight point nine, eight point nine. Words one or two are used exclusively in feminine both in the integer part and in the numerator: one whole two tenths, two whole one half.

Ordinal and collective

The formation of case word forms of ordinal numbers (types first, third, eighth) occurs according to the same principle as for adjectives in the plural form (first-first = bold-brave). In this case, do not forget about the category of gender, which also has meaning for words of this type (eighth - eighth - eighth). When forming composite and complex ordinal numbers, only the last word, the last root (one hundred and twenty-second, eightieth) is declined.

According to the same adjectival type, case endings are formed in collective numerals(two, three, seven - two, three, seven) and in words both And both.

Despite the above set of rules, the declension of this part of speech has been and remains one of the most difficult topics in Russian grammar - even literate native speakers sometimes cannot name some of the forms. It is noteworthy that paradigms differ not only depending on the words, but also depending on the type of speech (written or oral). It is all the more important to always be able to check yourself either in a dictionary or on the Internet.

It was formed much later than a noun or adjective, so linguists do not always clearly qualify individual words, as relating specifically to her. The reason for the confusion is some formal similarity between the numeral and other parts of speech.

Definition

A numeral is a significant part of speech, the categorical meaning of which is an integer, a designation of the number of objects, a fraction, an order in counting. So, whole cardinal numbers - three (houses), five (kopecks), one hundred (friends); fractional - five sixths (of the path), one half (of a glass), three point eight (percent); ordinal - first (alley), second (turn), sixth (cup).

Morphological features of numerals reflect their grammatical features. Most words in this part of speech do not change in gender and number (we will talk about exceptions later), and the declension of numerals has a number of features. Many of them go back to case endings nouns.

As for in a sentence, numerals can act as subjects, predicates, modifiers, etc. The differentiation of numerals by category also determines their lexical and grammatical compatibility with words of other parts of speech.

Declension Features

The declension of numerals denoting integers is determined by several factors.

the numeral “one” is declined like adjectives: one - daddy, one - daddy, one - daddy, one - blue;
the numerals “two”, “three”, “four” are declined according to the type of adjectives in the plural form: three - green, three - green, three - green, etc.;
the declension of numerals from five to twenty is the same as that of nouns of the 3rd declension: five, thirty - night; five, thirty - nights; five, thirty - at night, etc.;
for the numerals forty, ninety, one hundred, two forms of declension are considered correct: in the nominative and with a zero ending - forty crows and forty nights, in other case forms - with the ending -a: forty liters, about a hundred days, etc.;
the numeral “thousand” changes according to the model of nouns of the 1st declension: thousand - aunt, thousand - aunt, o thousand - about aunt;
according to the type of nouns in the second declension, the declension of the numerals “million”, “billion” is also made: million - leopard, million - leopard, o million - about leopard;
If the numeral is complex, then when it is declensed, all its parts change. For example, the declension of cardinal numerals from fifty to eighty is made according to the 3rd declension of nouns: fifty-six - mother, about fifty-six - about mother;
in complex names of numerals from two hundred to four hundred, both parts change with declension: two hundred, two hundred, o two hundred, two hundred twenty, two hundred twenty, etc.;
for the correct declension of cardinal numerals from five hundred to nine hundred, you must always change the first part according to the model of nouns of the 3rd declension, and the second forms its own ending. The declension of numerals of this type is as follows: no five hundred rubles, to five hundred rubles, five hundred rubles, about five hundred rubles;
if they are compound, then all the words from which they consist are declined: there are no one hundred forty-five people, say one hundred forty-five people, done by one hundred forty-five people, talk about one hundred forty-five people;
Collective numerals also decline according to their own rules: both girls, both girls are missing, approach both girls, talk about both girls; or: five comrades, to five comrades, with five comrades, about five comrades;
ordinal numbers, indicating the order of objects when counting, are declined according to the model of adjectives with a hard and soft base: the first - blue, the first - blue, the first - blue, about the first - about blue; the third - blue, the third - blue, the third - blue, the third - about blue. With this algorithm, the declension of ordinal numbers is easy to remember;
Fractional numerals in their declension combine the features of the declension of whole cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals.