Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov

“Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson”

The book, essentially a memoir, describes the first ten years of the child’s life (1790s), spent in Ufa and the villages of the Orenburg province.

It all begins with incoherent but vivid memories of infancy and early childhood- a person remembers how he was taken away from his nurse, remembers long illness, from which he almost died - one sunny morning, when he felt better, an oddly shaped bottle of Rhine wine, pendants of pine resin in a new wooden house, etc. The most common image is the road: travel was considered a medicine. ( Detailed description moving hundreds of miles - to relatives, to visit, etc. - takes up most of the "Childhood Years".) Seryozha recovers after he becomes especially ill on a long journey and his parents, forced to stop in the forest, make him a bed in tall grass, where he lay for twelve hours, unable to move, and “suddenly woke up as if.” After an illness, the child experiences “a feeling of pity for everyone who suffers.”

With every memory of Seryozha, “the constant presence of his mother merges,” who came out and loved him, perhaps for this reason, more than her other children.

Sequential memories begin at age four. Seryozha with his parents and younger sister live in Ufa. The disease “brought the boy’s nerves to extreme sensitivity.” According to the nanny, he is afraid of the dead, the dark, etc. (Various fears will continue to torment him). He was taught to read so early that he doesn’t even remember it; He had only one book, he knew it by heart and read it aloud to his sister every day; so when neighbor S.I. Anichkov gave him Novikov’s “Children’s Reading for the Heart and Mind,” the boy, carried away by the books, was “just like crazy.” He was especially impressed by articles explaining thunder, snow, metamorphoses of insects, etc.

The mother, exhausted by Seryozha’s illness, was afraid that she herself had fallen ill with consumption; the parents went to Orenburg to see a good doctor; The children were taken to Bagrovo, to their father’s parents. The road amazed the child: crossing Belaya, collecting pebbles and fossils - “pieces”, large trees, spending the night in the field and especially fishing on Dema, which immediately drove the boy crazy less reading, fire produced with flint, and fire from splinters, springs, etc. Everything is curious, even “how the earth stuck to the wheels and then fell off from them in thick layers.” The father rejoices in all this together with Seryozha, but his beloved mother, on the contrary, is indifferent and even disgusted.

The people met along the way are not only new, but also incomprehensible: the joy of the ancestral Bagrov peasants who met their family in the village of Parashin is incomprehensible, the relationship of the peasants with the “terrible” headman, etc. is incomprehensible; The child sees, among other things, the harvest in the heat, and this evokes an “inexpressible feeling of compassion.”

The boy does not like patriarchal Bagrovo: the house is small and sad, his grandmother and aunt are dressed no better than the servants in Ufa, his grandfather is stern and scary (Seryozha witnessed one of his crazy fits of anger; later, when his grandfather saw that “ mama's boy"loves not only the mother, but also the father, their relationship with their grandson suddenly and dramatically changed). The children of the proud daughter-in-law, who “disdained” Bagrov, are not loved. In Bagrov, so inhospitable that even the children were poorly fed, the brother and sister lived for more than a month. Seryozha amuses himself by scaring his sister with stories of unprecedented adventures and reading aloud to her and his beloved “uncle” Yevseich. The aunt gave the boy a “Dream Book” and some kind of vaudeville, which greatly influenced his imagination.

After Bagrov, returning home had such an effect on the boy that he, again surrounded common love, suddenly grew up. The mother’s young brothers, military men who graduated from the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, are visiting the house: from them Seryozha learns what poetry is, one of his uncles draws and teaches this to Seryozha, which makes the boy seem like a “superior being.” S.I. Anichkov gives new books: “Anabasis” by Xenophon and “Children’s Library” by Shishkov (which the author greatly praises).

The uncles and their friend, adjutant Volkov, playfully tease the boy, among other things, because he cannot write; Seryozha is seriously offended and one day rushes to fight; they punish him and demand that he ask for forgiveness, but the boy considers himself right; alone in the room, placed in a corner, he dreams and finally falls ill from excitement and fatigue. The adults are ashamed, and the matter ends with a general reconciliation.

At Seryozha’s request, they begin to teach him how to write, inviting a teacher from a public school. One day, apparently on someone’s advice, Seryozha is sent there for a lesson: the rudeness of both the students and the teacher (who was so kind to him at home), the spanking of the guilty really frightens the child.

Seryozha’s father buys seven thousand acres of land with lakes and forests and calls it “Sergeevskaya wasteland,” which the boy is very proud of. The parents are going to Sergeevka to treat their mother with Bashkir kumiss in the spring, when Belaya opens. Seryozha cannot think about anything else and tensely watches the ice drift and the river flood.

In Sergeevka, the house for the gentlemen is not completed, but even this is amusing: “There are no windows or doors, but the fishing rods are ready.” Until the end of July, Seryozha, father and uncle Evseich are fishing on Lake Kiishki, which the boy considers his own; Seryozha sees rifle hunting for the first time and feels “some kind of greed, some unknown joy.” Summer is spoiled only by guests, albeit infrequent ones: strangers, even peers, are a burden to Seryozha.

After Sergeevka, Ufa became disgusted. Seryozha is only entertained new gift neighbor: the collected works of Sumarokov and the poem “Rossiada” by Kheraskov, which he recites and tells his family various details about his favorite characters, invented by him. The mother laughs, and the father worries: “Where do you get all this from? Don't become a liar." News arrives about the death of Catherine II, the people swear allegiance to Pavel Petrovich; The child listens carefully to conversations of worried adults that are not always clear to him.

The news arrives that grandfather is dying, and the family immediately gathers in Bagrovo. Seryozha is afraid to see his grandfather dying, he is afraid that his mother will get sick from all this, that in winter they will freeze on the way. On the way, the boy is tormented by sad premonitions, and faith in premonitions takes root in him from then on for the rest of his life.

The grandfather dies a day after his relatives arrive, the children have time to say goodbye to him; “all of Seryozha’s feelings are “suppressed by fear”; His nanny Parasha’s explanations of why his grandfather doesn’t cry or scream are especially striking: he is paralyzed, “he looks with all his eyes and only moves his lips.” “I felt the infinity of torment, which cannot be told to others.”

The behavior of Bagrov’s relatives unpleasantly surprises the boy: four aunts howl, falling at the feet of their brother - “the real master of the house”, the grandmother emphatically cedes power to the mother, and the mother is disgusted. At the table, everyone except Mother is crying and eating with great appetite. And then, after lunch, in the corner room, looking at the ice-free Buguruslan, the boy first understands the beauty of winter nature.

Returning to Ufa, the boy again experiences a shock: giving birth to another son, his mother almost dies.

Having become the owner of Bagrovo after the death of his grandfather, Serezha’s father retires, and the family moves to Bagrovo to live permanently. Rural work(threshing, mowing, etc.) keep Seryozha very busy; he doesn’t understand why his mother and little sister are indifferent to this. A kind boy tries to pity and console his grandmother, who quickly became decrepit after the death of her husband, whom he essentially did not know before; but her habit of beating servants, very common in the life of a landowner, quickly turns her grandson away from her.

Seryozha’s parents are invited to visit by Praskovya Kurolesova; Seryozha’s father is considered her heir and therefore will not contradict this smart and kind, but domineering and rude woman in anything. The rich, albeit somewhat lurid house of the widow Kurolesova at first seems to the child like a palace from Scheherazade’s fairy tales. Having made friends with Seryozha’s mother, the widow for a long time does not agree to let the family go back to Bagrovo; Meanwhile, the fussy life in someone else’s house, always filled with guests, tires Seryozha, and he impatiently thinks about Bagrov, who is already dear to him.

Returning to Bagrovo, Serezha truly sees spring for the first time in his life in the village: “I<…>watched every step of spring. In every room, in almost every window, I noticed special objects or places on which I made my observations...” From excitement, the boy begins to experience insomnia; To help him fall asleep better, the housekeeper Pelageya tells him fairy tales, and among other things - “ Scarlet flower"(this tale is included in the appendix to "Childhood Years ...").

In the fall, at the request of Kurolesova, the Bagrovs visit Churasovo. Seryozha's father promised his grandmother to return to Pokrov; Kurolesova does not let guests go; on the night of Intercession the father sees bad dream and in the morning he receives news of his grandmother’s illness. The autumn road back is hard; crossing the Volga near Simbirsk, the family almost drowned. Grandmother died on the very Intercession; This terribly affects both Seryozha’s father and the capricious Kurolesova.

Next winter, the Bagrovs are going to Kazan to pray to the miracle workers there: not only Seryozha, but also his mother has never been there. They plan to spend no more than two weeks in Kazan, but everything turns out differently: Serezha awaits the “beginning of the most important event” in his life (Aksakov will be sent to a gymnasium). Here the childhood of Bagrov the grandson ends and adolescence begins.

In a memoir book we're talking about about the child’s first ten years (1790s), spent in Ufa. The book depicts the perception of a child who is interested in learning about unfamiliar things, objects, etc. This is important and necessary for him. The memory process in children starts with early years. He remembers absolutely everything: the smell of his mother’s milk, his illness and his new wooden home.

As you know, a child’s constant image is the road. On the way home, Seryozha feels pretty bad. His parents decide to stop in the forest so he can gain strength. Overcoming an illness, the child begins to feel pity for the people who suffer. Every memory he has is associated with his mother’s love and care.

Gradual memory comes to children at the age of four. Serezha lives with his parents and sister in Ufa. The disease has taken so much of his strength that he begins to perceive the world differently. Fear of the dead and darkness awakens in him. He had only one comfort - reading books.

The mother, who was very worried about her son’s illness, thought about how she would not catch consumption from Seryozha. Having gone to his father's parents, Seryozha received a lot of pleasure: he loved spending the night in the field and fishing, just as he loved reading books.

At the same time, many things become incomprehensible to the boy. He feels sorry for the people who work hard on the field, he suffers with them. The grandmother's hospitality and her sad house do not impress the boy; he is in constant tension.

In Bagrov he is surrounded by love and affection, here he feels like an adult. He is given new books, which the author persistently praises. At Seryozha’s request, the boy is taught to write, and later he is sent to a lesson, where he sees a completely different, rather rude attitude of his teacher and other students. He is frightened by the behavior of the teacher who beats the children.

Seryozha's father acquires new home, which is located near the lake and forest. They call the forest “Sergeevskaya wasteland”. This event exalts the boy, he understands that all this belongs to him. However, he is irritated by the large crowd of people in this house, the constant noise and bustle. After Sergeevka, Ufa became something different.

Soon Seryozha learns about the death of his grandfather, the family goes to Bagrovo. The boy is not ready to see him; on the road he constantly imagines something. The relationship between his relatives is unpleasant for Seryozha; he can’t figure out why they fight, scream and cry. The only thing that pleases him in this environment is the beauty of winter nature.

Subsequently, Seryozha is drawn to the field, to the harvest, he feels sorry for people, his grandmother after the death of her husband, whom he practically did not know. Kindness and pity settled in his heart at the same time. In the fall, at the request of Kurolesova, the Bagrovs visit Churasovo. However, they were supposed to return to Pokrov, but on the way home something unexpected happened to them - they almost drowned. The death of my grandmother had an impact on Pokrov negative impact for the whole family.

The family gathers to pray to the miracle workers there. Seryozha is sent to a gymnasium, which completely changes his life. During this period, the childhood of Bagrov the grandson ends and adolescence begins.

Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov

Childhood years of Bagrov-grandson

To my granddaughter

Olga Grigorievna Aksakova

TO THE READERS

I wrote excerpts from the “Family Chronicle” based on the stories of the Messrs. family. The Bagrovs, as my generous readers know. In the epilogue to the fifth and last passage, I said goodbye to the personalities I described, not thinking that I would ever have the opportunity to talk about them. But a person often thinks wrongly: the grandson of Stepan Mikhailych Bagrov told me in great detail the story of his childhood; I wrote down his stories as accurately as possible, and how they serve as a continuation of the “Family Chronicle,” which so happily attracted the attention of the reading public, and how these stories represent quite full story children, human life in childhood, children's world, being created gradually under the influence of daily, new impressions, then I decided to publish the stories I had written down. Wanting, if possible, to convey the vividness of the oral narrative, I speak everywhere directly on behalf of the narrator. The former faces of the “Chronicle” again appear on the stage, and the older ones, that is, grandfather and grandmother, as the story continues, leave it forever... Once again I entrust my Bagrovs to the favorable attention of the readers.

S. Aksakov

INTRODUCTION

I myself don’t know whether I can fully believe everything that my memory has preserved? If I remember the events that actually happened, then these can be called memories not only of childhood, but even of infancy. Of course, I don’t remember anything in connection, in a continuous sequence, but many incidents still live in my memory with all the brightness of colors, with all the vividness of yesterday’s event. When I was three or four years old, I told those around me that I remember how they took me away from my nurse... Everyone laughed at my stories and assured me that I had heard them enough from my mother or nanny and thought that I had seen it myself. I argued and sometimes cited as evidence circumstances that could not be told to me and that only I and my nurse or mother could know. We made inquiries, and it often turned out that this was indeed the case and that no one could tell me about it. But not everything that seemed to me to be seen, I actually saw; the same certificates sometimes proved that I could not see much, but could only hear.

So, I will begin to tell from the prehistoric, so to speak, era of my childhood only what I cannot doubt in reality.

FRAGGY MEMORIES

The very first objects that survived in the dilapidated picture of a long time ago, a picture that has greatly faded in other places from time and the flow of sixty years, objects and images that still float in my memory - a nurse, a little sister and mother; then they had no specific meaning for me and were only nameless images. At first the nurse seems to me to be some kind of mysterious, almost invisible creature. I remember myself lying at night, either in a crib or in my mother’s arms, crying bitterly: with sobs and screams, I repeated the same word, calling for someone, and someone appeared in the darkness of a dimly lit room, took me in his arms, laid me down. to my chest... and I felt good. Then I remember that no one came to my cries and calls, that my mother, holding me to her chest, singing the same words of a soothing song, ran with me around the room until I fell asleep. The nurse, who loved me passionately, again appears several times in my memories, sometimes in the distance, furtively looking at me from behind others, sometimes kissing my hands, face and crying over me. My nurse was a peasant peasant and lived thirty miles away; she left the village on foot on Saturday evening and arrived in Ufa early on Sunday morning; Having looked at me and rested, she returned on foot to her Kasimovka to catch up on her corvee. I remember that she came once, and maybe she came sometime, with my foster sister, a healthy and red-cheeked girl.

At first I loved my sister more than all the toys, more than my mother, and this love was expressed by an incessant desire to see her and a feeling of pity: it seemed to me that she was cold, that she was hungry and that she wanted to eat; I constantly wanted to dress her with my dress and feed her with my food; Of course, I was not allowed to do this, and I cried.

My mother's constant presence merges with my every memory. Her image is inextricably connected with my existence, and therefore it does not stand out much in the fragmentary pictures of the first time of my childhood, although it constantly participates in them.

There follows a long gap, that is dark spot or a faded place in the picture of the long past, and I begin to remember myself already very sick, and not at the beginning of the illness, which lasted for more than a year and a half, not at the end of it (when I was already recovering), no, I remember myself in such weakness, that every minute they feared for my life. One day, early in the morning, I woke up or woke up and didn’t know where I was. Everything was unfamiliar to me: a tall, large room, bare walls made of very thick new pine logs, a strong resinous smell; bright, it seems like a summer sun, the sun is just rising and through the window on the right side, on top of the single canopy that was lowered above me, it is brightly reflected on the opposite wall... Beside me, my mother sleeps anxiously, without pillows and undressed. Just like now, I look at her black braid, disheveled across her thin and yellow face. The day before I was transported to the suburban village of Zubovka, about ten miles from Ufa. Apparently, the road and the calm sleep produced by the movement strengthened me; I felt good and cheerful, so for several minutes I looked through the canopy at the new objects surrounding me with curiosity and pleasure. I didn’t know how to save my poor mother’s sleep, I touched her with my hand and said: “Oh, what sunshine! It smells so good!” Mother jumped up, frightened at first, and then rejoiced, listening to my strong voice and looking at my refreshed face. How she caressed me, what names she called me, how joyfully she cried... I can’t tell you this! The canopy was raised; I asked for food, they fed me and gave me half a glass of old Rhine wine to drink, which, as they thought then, was the only thing that strengthened me. Reinwine was poured for me from some strange bottle with a flattened, wide, round bottom and a long narrow neck. Since then I have not seen such bottles. Then, at my request, they got me pieces or pendants of pine resin, which was drowning, dripping, even flowing everywhere on the walls and doorposts, freezing and drying on the road and hanging in the air as small icicles, completely similar in appearance to ordinary ice icicles. I really loved the smell of pine and spruce resin, which was sometimes smoked in our children's rooms. I smelled, admired, and played with the fragrant and transparent resin icicles; they melted in my hands and glued my thin, long fingers together; my mother washed my hands, wiped them dry, and I began to doze... Objects began to get in the way in my eyes; It seemed to me that we were riding in a carriage, that they wanted to give me medicine and I didn’t want to take it, that instead of my mother, Agafya’s nanny or nurse was standing next to me... How I fell asleep and what happened after - I don’t remember anything.

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Target: continue to get acquainted with the work of S.T. Aksakova; develop the skill of conscious fluent reading; observation, the ability to see and feel the beauty of nature native land; bring up careful attitude to nature.

Equipment: textbook " Literary reading» 4th grade – part 1, “In the ocean of light”, authors R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneev, portrait of S.T. Aksakov, an exhibition of the writer’s books, illustrations depicting the writer’s close people.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational moment

Teacher: Good luck!

Children:

They wish us a good journey,
We will go on and on for a long time.
The good path will lead us,
The same goes for something good!

II. Working on breathing

Stretching your lips forward with a tube, blow on a “cotton ball” for a long time on one exhalation.

Exercise “Drummers” on the sound [d]

Inhale and exhale:
It's easy for me to breathe.
I can hold my breath.
I can do everything.

Working on a tongue twister: Senya and Sanya have a catfish with a mustache in the hallway.
a) read to yourself
b) out loud slowly in chorus
c) quickly in rows
d) optional, one student from each row.

III. Lesson topic message

– We continue our journey. The natural world comes to the pages of our books.

– Try to see the beauty in the everyday, the ordinary. And now we will talk about Aksakov’s work.

IV. Introductory conversation

Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov was born in the fall, September 20, 1791, in the city of Ufa. His father, Timofey Stepanovich, loved nature very much. His passion was hunting. Once he took his son with him hunting, although he did not give him a gun, but only allowed him to bring shot game. But the most unforgettable and exciting thing for him was fishing.

– Aksakov placed all his observations about hunting and fishing in two large works, “Notes of a rifle hunter of the Orenburg province” and “Notes about fishing.” He also wrote the books “Family Chronicle”, “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson”, “Buran”, “Essays” winter day"and others.

– Do you know the name of the fairy tale that Aksakov wrote? (Scarlet flower).

V. Working with text before reading

Open your textbook to page 172.

Let's read excerpts from the book “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.”

– This work is autobiographical, because. Aksakov wrote about his childhood.

- He gave the hero his name - Seryozha, and another surname - Bagrov.

– Aksakov finished this book in 1858 when he was 67 years old.

– The book was written specifically for children and was dedicated by the author to his granddaughter, who was 10 years old in 1858. (Showing a portrait; illustrations depicting loved ones)

– In the story, Aksakov described the story of his childhood. (He lived in the 18th and 19th centuries)

VI. Working with text while reading

1. Primary reading by well-read students.

2. "Introduction" and "Fragmentary Memories"(pp. 172-173)

– In order to understand how a writer sees a phenomenon, you need to understand what he himself is like.

B) Reading to yourself. With tasks. Name character traits.

– What new did you learn about Seryozha Bagrov? (He is very sensitive, caring, dependent on others).

– What time of year can especially excite such a person? (spring)

– Were our assumptions correct?

– Read the title of the next chapter (“First spring in the village”)

3. Vocabulary work

– Before reading this chapter, let's find out the meaning of some words that will appear in the text. (The words are written on the board).

A) Lent- a time when Christians, according to the instructions of the church, refuse meat and dairy foods. (fasting)
b) The threshing floor is the place where bread is placed and threshed. (according to Dahl)
c) More outrageous - more disturbing, caused excitement.

4. Physical education minute

5. Reading a chapter paragraph by paragraph(pp. 173-175)

– Why exactly “the first spring in the village”? (Before this, Seryozha had not seen the onset of spring in the village.)

– What do you think? Is this important to us readers? (Of course, the first perception is always sharper, brighter, more unexpected, and is remembered for a long time)

– Find in the text on page 173 what impression the onset of spring made on Seryozha. (Spring is approaching in the village...)

– Choose a synonym for the word “irritating”

• exciting
• disturbing

– Test yourself by reading the following sentence. (I felt a special kind of excitement that I had never experienced.)

– What increased Seryozha’s excitement? (conversation about spring with Yevseich and father)

– Find words that convey the common passion of the father, Yevseich and Seryozha for the arrival of spring. (rejoiced like hunters)

– Find a sentence that tells about the arrival of spring. (Finding living sympathy in me...)

– Why does this sentence end with... (the picture can be continued)

- How do you understand the expression:

• “hollow water” - the snow will melt, the pond will be drained, and the water will spill over the ground.
• “surchiny” is the place where marmots live.

– Why was everyone else sad and bored looking at the pictures of the passing winter?

– Why did father, Yevseich and Seryozha perceive everything around differently (with joy)? (They were looking forward to the arrival of spring, and therefore the changes around them only made them happy)

– What changes in nature did Seryozha notice?

– At what step does spring begin for you?

VII. Lesson summary

– What was the main thing in the lesson? (awakening of spring in nature)

– Why did Seryozha remember this first spring in the village?

– What especially shocked the boy who watched the awakening of nature?

– What did you learn about Seryozha’s character? (he is attentive, patient, observant, curious)

VIII. Homework

1. Task No. 5, p. 177.

Tell us about your impressions of spring nature.

Story by S.T. Aksakov “childhood years of the crimson grandson”

From 1854 to 1856 Aksakov is working intently on writing “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” The book was published in its entirety in 1858, only a small excerpt was published a year earlier in periodicals. The chronology of its plot fills the “gap” between the end of the “Family Chronicle” and the beginning of “Memoirs”, and covers the period of Aksakov’s biography from 1794 to 1801. “Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson” is deservedly considered one of best works, artistically describing the mental life of a child, the gradual change in his worldview as he grows older.

The main place in Aksakov’s artistic heritage is occupied by autobiographical prose. The “Family Chronicle” traces the lives of three generations of the Bagrov estate nobles. The book “Childhood of Bagrov-vkuk” is a continuation of “Chronicles”. Moreover, “childhood years” is a work written for children. In one of his letters to his granddaughter Olenka, his favorite, Aksakov promises to compose a book for her “... about the young spring, about the flowers of the fields, about little birds, about the forest Bear, about the white mushroom.” In the process of work, the author’s concept expanded and changed significantly. A book appeared that described the life of a child from infancy to the age of nine against the backdrop of a carefully recreated life of a Russian estate, against the backdrop of pictures of nature that were grandiose in terms of their degree of spirituality.

In Aksakov’s work, personal impressions, memories, and life experiences played a huge role, so the writer’s main works - “Family Chronicle” and “Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” - are on the border between fiction and memoir literature. Rich nature Orenburg region at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries - a distant Russian outskirts where Aksakov spent his childhood and adolescence - patriarchal village life formed the dominant of his worldview and personality, reflected in all of Aksakov’s work: the desire for simplicity and naturalness of life, love of nature, communication with which Aksakov considered morally cleansing, a critical attitude towards “artificial” urban civilization and abstract bookishness.

L.N. Tolstoy considered the greatest advantage of Aksakov’s “Childhood” to be the love for nature, the poetry of nature, spilled in the book. The feeling of nature came to the boy, the hero of the book, during the first spring in the village and was formed under the influence of his father Alexei Stepanovich Bagrov and uncle Yevseich. coming alive under spring sun the banks of the river, with all kinds of game, swimming ducks and rushing flocks of birds, which the father and Yevseich knew by their voices, filled the boy’s heart with delight. It was during this period that the boy felt that merging with nature, which is so characteristic of the writer Aksakov: “At the end of Fomina’s week that wonderful time began, which does not always appear together, when nature, awakening from sleep, begins to live a full, young, hasty life: when everything turns into excitement, movement, sound, color, smell. Without understanding, without understanding, without appreciating, without naming anything, I sensed it within myself. new life, became part of nature, and only in mature age, conscious memories of this time, I consciously appreciated all its charming charm, all its poetic beauty." Nature had a beneficial effect on Aksakov.

For the first time in Russian literature, Aksakov presented a traveling and reasoning child as the main character, and devoted significant space to the experiences that accompanied Seryozha Bagrov on the road. Main character recalls his childhood spent in Ufa, as well as in several villages that constituted the “ancestral homeland” of the Bagrov family. In “The Road to Parashin” the author gives the following features to the name of the hero of the story “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson”. "Who is he, this Seryozha?" - you ask. We answer. This little boy, who is inquisitive, curious, the whole road is interesting to him in advance. He experiences bewilderment, surprise, even shock from what he saw, since everything is happening to the child for the first time. The boy feels joy and pleasure, and it is this state that becomes decisive, the main one on the journey. In the first journey, therefore, a hero appears before us, open to the perception of everything new, everything delights and surprises him. Apart from exciting impressions, he has no other thoughts here. The road is so good that the hero of the story “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” looks into the future only with hope. the story of the childhood years of Bagrovo's grandson "Winter Road to Bagrovo": characteristics of the main character The author depicts the boy differently in the chapter entitled "Winter Road to Bagrovo". Autumn and winter pass between these two journeys. The past time was filled with a variety of events, both sad and joyful. His goal is to visit his grandfather, who is dying, and this fact greatly upsets the main character. In addition, sad memories of the days spent in Bagrovo with his sister without parents are still alive in him.

The hero Seryozha from this journey can be characterized as follows: curiosity, surprise, amazement disappeared from his perception, but anxiety and fear remained, which become the basis for the emergence of faith in premonitions. This traveler is tired from the road, irritable, angry, investing his irritation in the characterization of surrounding objects and phenomena. On the first trip, Seryozha wanted to travel, and on the second he felt the end of the journey with relief and joy, but at the same time he felt exhausted and defeated. Aksakov spoke with complete truthfulness about what he experienced in childhood, starting from his first sensations and ending with a whole range of different human feelings. The author even took the name of the hero of the story “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” thereby emphasizing the autobiographical nature of the work. Although the text, of course, contains fiction. Thus, the name of the hero of the story “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” should be considered only half autobiographical, since the author of the work changed the surname. the name of the hero of the story, the childhood years of the crimson grandson, who he is. The writer shows great interest in the inner world of the child. He watches with close attention the development of mental movements in the boy, including the most insignificant ones. Mental maturity, surpassing age, has developed in the protagonist the habit of analyzing his thoughts and feelings. He lives not only by impressions. They are the subject of analysis by the boy, who looks for appropriate concepts and interpretations and consolidates these impressions in his memory. When little Seryozha fails, Bagrov, remembering and matured, comes to the rescue. Thus, two different voices are heard throughout the piece. Development of a boy's personality. Knowledge about the outside world deepens and expands. This leads to the fact that the boy is increasingly visited by the desire for his practical development. The need for labor awakens in him. Seryozha begins to admire the delights of working in the field, but he also notices how terribly difficult the everyday life of serfs can sometimes be. The matured hero not only sympathizes, but is confirmed in his opinion about the holiness and importance of work, in the fact that peasants are much more dexterous and more skillful than the wealthy segments of the population, since they can do what others cannot.

The hero of the story, the childhood years of his crimson grandson Seryozha, experiencing the existing disharmony of the outside world, comes to understand his own imperfection. A critical attitude towards himself awakens in the boy. In his soul, “clear silence” is replaced by a search for a way out, doubts. Little Seryozha grows up, learns about a world that seems bright, mysterious, and endless to him. The reader sees the objects and phenomena described in the book through the eyes of the little hero, and feels the freshness and spontaneity of a child’s perception. Everyday pictures, natural life, Seryozha's experiences and impressions, simple and important events of his life - conversations with his mother, the death of his grandfather, the birth of his brother are combined into a single canvas of the book's narrative. As a child, Aksakov becomes tenderly attached to his mother. Their mutual love and understanding of each other grows. Mother becomes for Seryozha the greatest authority, the most beloved and dear authority in the world. He shares with her everything he saw, everything he heard and experienced. The kindness and sincerity that his mother fostered in Seryozha encouraged the boy to sympathize with the forced position of the serfs. In the rich estate of Praskovya Ivanovna’s grandmother, Parashin, the headman was Mironych, whom Seryozha called to himself “a man with scary eyes.” While inspecting the mill with his father, Seryozha observed Mironych’s rude attitude towards the old backfiller and other peasants and felt an “internal trembling.” Many questions arose in Serezha’s mind: “Why is the sick old man suffering, what is the evil Mironych, what is the power of Mikhailushka and grandmother.” About Mikhailushka - Mikhail Maksimovich, manager of the estates of Praskovya Ivanovna. He was the grandfather of the famous sixties poet M. L. Mikhailov. The "Memoirs" of N.V. Shelgunov contain some interesting information about the subsequent fate of Mikhailushka, complementing Aksakov’s story: “Remarkably smart and business man, known to everyone in two provinces, was the grandfather of Mikhail Larionovich Mikhailov; but he died not because he drank himself to death in freedom, but here’s why. After the death of Praskovya Ivanovna, Mikhailushka was released, but the freedom was not made according to the form. The heirs took advantage of this, and all those dismissed by Praskovya Ivanovna, including Mikhailushka, were again enslaved. Mikhail Mikhailov’s grandfather protested, for which he was imprisoned, tried and flogged as a rebel. That's why he died; It’s very possible that he started drinking, but, of course, not because, as Aksakov explains, Mikhailushka “kept a modest lifestyle” while he was a serf, and became spoiled in freedom.”

Aksakov shows primary interest in the inner world of his hero. He watches with close attention the emergence and development of mental movements, even the most insignificant ones. Mental maturity that has outstripped his age has developed in Seryozha the habit of analyzing own feelings and thoughts. He not only lives by impressions. He makes them the subject of analysis, looking for appropriate interpretations and concepts for them and consolidating them in his memory. When the hero of the story fails to do this, Bagrov, matured and remembering, comes to the rescue. And throughout the book we hear two voices. Knowledge about the outside world expands and deepens - and more and more often the desire to practically master it comes. And even though Seryozha was not burdened by the need for physical labor, the need for labor, inherent in human nature, powerfully awakens in him. Seryozha not only admired the delights of field work. He also noticed how unbearably difficult they were for the serfs. And, having matured, he not only sympathizes, he becomes convinced of the “importance and holiness of work”, that “peasants and peasant women are much more skillful and dexterous than us, because they know how to do things that we cannot.” The wider the horizons of Seryozha’s world expand, the more persistently facts invade it, violating its harmony. Seryozha’s mind just doesn’t fit why the evil headman Mironych, who drives peasants out to corvée even on holidays, is considered by the peasants themselves to be a good man.” Why? Easter cake for the Bagrovs "was much moreover, how did the courtyard people break their fast? Some of these numerous “whys” remained unanswered. Even his beloved mother, whose “reasonable judgment” Seryozha was used to checking his impressions and thoughts: “It’s none of your business.” Other “whys” touched on such relationships that children, with their innate justice, could not understand at all, much less justify. All this led to a “confusion of concepts,” produced “some kind of discord in the head,” and disturbed the “clear silence of the soul.”

The world of adults, which is not always understandable to children, begins to shine through with a direct, natural, purely human child’s gaze. And many things in him begin to look not only strange, but also not abnormal, worthy of condemnation. Experiencing the disharmony of the external world, Seryozha comes to the consciousness of his own imperfection: a critical attitude towards himself awakens in him, “clear silence” is replaced in his soul by childishly exaggerated doubts and searches for a way out. But inner world Serezhi does not split, does not fall apart. It changes: it is filled with socio-psychological content, it includes situations and collisions, in overcoming which the formation of a person takes place, preparing him for equal participation in life.

The narrative in "Childhood Years" ends on the eve of the most important event in Seryozha's life - he is about to enter the gymnasium. Childhood is over. The image of a growing, mature person with his own eventful and spiritual-emotional world, constantly and qualitatively changing, is the main pathos of the book “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” Having been published, “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” immediately became a textbook classic work. “Family Chronicle” received rave reviews from contemporaries after its release. Each of S.T. Aksakov’s famous contemporaries had his own view of his books, but they all agreed on one thing: recognition of the outstanding artistic merits of these books and the rare talent of their author.

For Tolstoy L.N. in “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” “the evenly sweet poetry of nature is spread throughout everything, as a result of which it may sometimes seem boring, but it is unusually soothing and striking in its clarity, fidelity and proportionality of reflection.”

Aksakov’s “Family Chronicle” is, first of all, an artistic depiction of the childhood years of his own life. In order to give the facts and events of his distant past a typical meaning, the author of these artistic memoirs hides under the guise of an outside narrator, conscientiously presenting what he heard from Bagrov the grandson. Since the narration is told on behalf of its main character, the author’s “I” and the author’s speech almost completely merge with the image and speech of Bagrov the grandson himself. His attitude to the events described, as a rule, expresses the author’s attitude towards them.

The theme of childhood is deeply organic to Aksakov’s work and expresses characteristic features his views on man and society. And it is no coincidence that Aksakov dedicated his work of art, the fundamental beginning in spiritual development there is his desire for goodness, for truth, for truth, for love, for beauty.

The initial source of these high spiritual aspirations of his is the image of his mother, who personified for him all that is most beautiful. In his work, Aksakov calls childhood the happiest time human life. "Happy, happy, irrevocable time of childhood! Will that freshness, carefreeness, need for love and the power of faith that you possess in childhood ever return? What a time it can be better than that, when the two best virtues - innocent gaiety and the boundless need for love - were the only motives in life?

Aksakov's childhood years were restless; in childhood he experienced a lot of moral suffering, disappointment in the people around him, including those closest to him, and disappointment in himself. Aksakov depicts how Seryozha gradually reveals the discrepancy between the outer shell of the world around him and its true content. Seryozha gradually realizes that the people he meets, not excluding those closest and dearest to him, are in fact not at all what they want to seem. He notices unnaturalness and falsehood in every person. Seryozha lives, as it were, in two worlds - in the world of adults, full of mutual distrust, and in the world of children, attracting with its harmony.

A large place in the work is occupied by the description of the feeling of love in people. Tender love for his mother and respectful adoration of his father, the conviction that everything around him exists only to make “me” and “us” feel good, childhood friendship and carefree children’s games, unaccountable childish curiosity - all this taken together colors Serezhenka’s surroundings. the world in the brightest, most rainbow colors. But at the same time, Aksakov makes you feel that in reality this world is full of trouble, grief and suffering. The author shows how the world of adults destroys the feeling of love and does not give it the opportunity to develop in all its purity and spontaneity.

The images of all the characters in the story are grouped around the central image - Seryozha. The objective content of these images is characterized not so much by Serezhenka’s own attitude towards them, but by the actual influence that they had on the course of his life. moral development, which Seryozha himself cannot yet judge, but the author judges very definitely. The immorality of secular morals and relations, embodied in all these images, is revealed to us gradually as we comprehend Aksakov. In the “details of feelings,” in the “secret processes of human mental life,” in the very “dialectics of the soul,” Aksakov seeks and finds the expression of the typical and reveals this typical in the infinite variety of its individual manifestations.

Childhood still retains all its artistic and educational significance as a deeply realistic picture of noble life and customs of the 30-40s of the last century, a heartfelt image of the complex process of formation of the human personality and the influence that the social environment has on this process. This is original original creation creative memory of the writer. Unity with nature, the feeling of being an integral part of it, creates in the boy’s soul an almost constant expectation of happiness, wonderful, fantastic. Therefore, Seryozha’s close attention to everything that surrounds him becomes understandable.

Aksakov’s vision of the real echoes his fantastic ideas, coming from a boy’s dream, from the desire to poeticize the world around us. Although Seryozha is small, the Russian mentality and Russian character are already clearly visible in his remarks, advice and actions.”

V. G. Belinsky argued that along with the “conversation” in public life, “it seemed that the stubborn Russian antiquity had risen again, which with such convulsive and even more fruitless tension defended itself against the reform of Peter the Great.” The society published the magazine “Reading in the Conversation of Lovers of the Russian Word,” where Aksakov began publishing his translations and short stories. Aksakov’s autobiographical trilogy occupies a unique place in Russian literature. She was immediately highly appreciated both by literary criticism and by all of reading Russia. Each of the works of its components outlined new paths for the development of the genre and served as a model for future generations of writers. Until now, the reader has not been left indifferent by the style and artistic images of Aksakov’s autobiographical prose.

The boy Seryozha lives in Ufa with his father, mother and little sister, whom he adores. As a child, he was often sick, even doctors believed that he would die. But the mother makes every effort, taking her to doctors to cure her son. And only Buhun’s clinic helped. The child becomes healthy.

Seryozha was a coward, and for a long time he was afraid to go into his grandfather’s office: he saw a ghost there. The boy's favorite pastime was reading. Each new book made him happy. His mother was often sick. And since the Ufa doctors could not cure her, it was decided to take the children to Bagrovo to see their grandparents, and go to Orenburg for treatment. The carriage was laid, and the whole family set off.

It took a long time to get to Bagrovo with stops. The boy looked with curiosity at the trees and plants he met along the way, and even forgot about his favorite books. He especially remembered how he and his father fished. These impressions remained in his memory for a long time.

After long journey the family arrived in Bagrovo. They were greeted kindly, even grandfather, despite being unwell, got out of bed. But the mother was getting worse, and a week later her father took her to Orenburg doctors for treatment.

Seryozha and his sister, without a father and without a mother, lived for more than a month in their grandfather’s inhospitable house. The children rarely left their rooms. They were sad. Books saved Seryozha. He was worried about his mother, whether she would recover. But the parents returned. Mama looked healthy and cheerful. A week later the family gathered back to Ufa. The road back didn't seem so fun.

Their mother’s brothers were waiting for them in the Ufa house. They were on vacation and came to visit their sister for a few months. These were cheerful young people. One of them drew beautifully and infected Seryozha with this. The mother felt great. The parents' house was often full of guests. The boy did not leave his books. But soon the serene life ended.

The uncles scared Seryozha of the future military service and they constantly made fun of him. His father bought the Sergeevka estate, and the boy was proud that he had his own land. And the uncles found food for jokes here too. And Seryozha fell ill. But through the efforts of his mother, he quickly recovered from his illness.

And here comes a new misfortune - his mother sends him to study at a public school. After staying there for one day, Seryozha became so upset that it was decided to continue his education at home.

A trip to Sergeevka in the summer only improved my mother’s health. And Seryozha received so many impressions there: fishing on the Belaya River and lakes, stories from hunters, meetings with interesting people.

Winter in Ufa was spent reading books and studying with teachers. But news comes that a grandfather is dying in Bagrovo. The family is going there.

The death of his grandfather made a strong impression on the boy. He was not only afraid to enter the room where the coffin stood, but even to pass by. After the grandfather’s funeral, the parents and children returned home to Ufa.

The boy’s father decided to retire and move his family to live with his mother in Bagrovo. Seryozha's mother was against it. But suddenly she gets sick again. Seryozha doesn’t understand what’s wrong with her and worries about her health. But he continues to study with his sister, teaching her to read. After some time, the mother’s illness is explained: a boy is born into the family.

Soon the father transports the family to permanent residence in Bagrovo. The house is being remodeled and rebuilt.

Seryozha became addicted to hunting and baiting hawks. His father began to take him to the fields for peasant work. The harvesting and threshing of bread made a huge impression. The family spent part of the winter with beautiful woman Praskovya Ivanovna in Churasovo. The boy was especially struck by the library, where he was allowed to borrow books. But no matter how beautiful the Churasovsky house was, everyone was drawn to Bagrovo.

Life there was ordinary for a villager. In the winter we read books, in the spring we watched the rivers flood. Easter was fun. And in the summer there is hunting and fishing. Seryozha became even closer to his mother. But they rarely communicated with their sister, because their interests were different.

Neighbor Praskovya Ivanovna again invited them to her house, promising to show them a beautiful apple orchard. Having arrived in the summer, the Bagrovs could not leave until the end of the day. Praskovya Ivanovna did not want to let them go, even though her little brother remained at home. Only fatal disease grandmother allowed me to return to my beloved Bagrovsky house. But the grandmother was no longer there. She did not wait for her son to arrive.

Praskovya Ivanovna sends a letter to the Bagrovs asking them to stay with her in the winter. After the fortieth anniversary of the grandmother’s death, parents and children come to Churasovo. The same spacious rooms and library greeted the guests. Seryozha again became close to his sister, confiding his thoughts and feelings to her.

Sergei’s mother had long wanted to visit Kazan and venerate the holy relics. Praskovya Ivanovna arranged this trip for them. The parents take Seryozha with them. The beginning awaits him there important event in life.