Broadband is access to the Internet at high speed, which is completely different from access via a modem. Broadband Internet is called high-speed Internet due to its ability to transmit data at very high speeds through conventional telephone line. The greatest advantage of broadband is its speed, and also - your stay in the Internet world will last until you turn off your computer and not a minute less.

The benefits of broadband Internet are many. Today it is not difficult to get the full range of cable services, which means 24/7 Internet at the highest speed. But, although the Internet has long become popular, you can still meet people who need education on this subject. And, perhaps, the only thing that can differentiate the Internet is its speed.

In general, there are three types of connections, from which everyone can choose the one that suits them, depending on how much time they want to spend online and how much they are willing to pay for it.

There are people who spend most of their time in the cyber world, and there are those who go there much less often:
- The first type of communication is called dial up (using a modem connected to an analog subscriber line of the telephone network public use). This is the oldest and slowest way to connect to the Internet that exists. Currently it is practically not used.
- The second is DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), which is in many ways better than the previous type of communication. In addition, Internet access is possible 24 hours a day.
- The last type is broadband, which is the best and most popular of all existing today.

Broadband - common name groups of high-speed Internet connections available at almost any time, just like electricity and water supply at home - always at your service. Almost all organizations and individuals are switching from using a dial up connection to broadband because it allows the user to operate up to 40 times faster than with other types of communication.

Broadband is the future of telecommunications; Until now, she has helped people in many areas, such as email, video conferencing between companies remote from each other, and Internet business. The fact that this type of connection is 40 times faster than all others played an important role in its further business development, given its low cost and the ability to send huge amounts of information, pictures and videos at the same time. The impetus for broadband connectivity becoming more prominent is further exploration of its potential by both organizations and individuals. individuals.

Other advantages of broadband Internet communications are the ability for employees to use the telephone and the Internet simultaneously, reduce paperwork, book tickets online, and realize the most efficient opportunities at work and in environment. Along with all the above-mentioned benefits, broadband still leaves us with choice in our lives.

The Internet has long become the norm for all inhabitants of the planet. Thanks to it, money transactions are carried out, people watch TV shows, study at master classes, and learn previously unknown information. However, connecting to the Internet is not so easy. You must be connected via a local network, through a mobile provider, or some other means. Connection to the Internet is carried out using fiber optic cable, twisted pair, ADSL, or wireless Wi-Fi.

Cable connection

The most common type of connection is cable. This type of connection is made using twisted pair or optical fiber. twisted pair is a cable consisting of four pairs of copper wires. It receives and transmits signals. Modern providers spend in apartment buildings Internet this way: a router is installed, a wire comes to it and, using a connector, is connected to a distributor, from which wires are already distributed to apartments. At the point of connection with the computer, the ends of these wires are crimped with a connector.

twisted pair

Optical fiber is already more modern means transmitting information over a distance. It also connects and has almost the same distribution boxes, like twisted pair, but with the difference that over an optical cable information is transmitted at speeds of up to 1 GB per second, while over twisted pair only up to 100 MB/sec.

Fiber optic connection

Connecting FTTB or fiber to the home is a connection to the World Wide Web using optical fiber, and distribution throughout the apartment is using twisted pair.

Twisted pair is connected or directly to the system unit, or to home wifi router Using this connection, it is possible to provide users’ apartments not only with the Internet, but also with telephone and digital television.

GPon is gigabit communication channel. It provides users with high-speed access up to 1 gigabit per second. The cable is connected in the user’s apartment to a special media converter, which in turn receives data and distributes it to the user’s devices. Such equipment began to appear in our megacities quite recently.

Local network

The principle of local connection is to connect several computers at home or in a factory into one network, for which the provider allocates an IP address. Such an address can be static or dynamic.

When connecting using dynamicIP, the provider constantly automatically assigns you the necessary settings at certain intervals. Nothing is required from you, just plug the cable into your computer and connect to the Internet.

StaticIP differs from the first in that the provider provides the settings to the user and he himself configures his computers, network card and Internet access. The positive side of a static IP is that it is convenient for working with online services that ask you for an IP address. The router most often automatically detects the IP.

This technology is called Ethernet.

VPN network

A virtual private network or VPN is a technology for encrypting data. This way your data is protected during transmission. They reach the provider safely and securely. Working with a virtual private network is most often implemented in several ways:

Combined connection

This type of connection combines several types of connections simultaneously. Typically the first is a virtual private network, and the second is a dynamic or static IP. This connection is rarely used, as it is the most complex.

Telephone line

Nowadays, cable connections predominate in the world, and the telephone line is gradually becoming a thing of the past. But in areas so far from large cities or desert areas, it still has its significance, because it is not practical and expensive to run the cable there.

Internet via home phone is transmitted over the telephone line several types of communication:

• ADSL, SHDSL, VDSL are types of digital subscriber line or DSL. ADSL uses a telephone line to transmit data and is connected to a computer via a modem and cables. In addition, using this connection, not only the Internet, but also the telephone works. Is it true, throughput this type of connection is very small compared to modern cable installations. If the first one uses asymmetrical data transmission, SHDSL in turn uses symmetrical duplex transmission. The speed of such a connection on one pair is no more than 2.3 Megabits per second. VDSL is super high speed digital subscriber line. This technology is used when connecting optical fiber from the provider to the user switch, and from the latter via twisted pair cable to system unit. Using this technology, high data reception speeds are achieved over short periods.
• DIAL UP (dial-up) is the oldest type of data transmission over a telephone line. Baud rate about 56 kilobits per second. You cannot make phone calls at this time, otherwise your connection to the Internet will be lost. The modem is connected to the telephone line and to the computer. The modem connects by number, and the user gains access to the network.

TV cable DOCSIS

Access is via TV cable. It is brought into the apartment with a subscription and distributed to the TV and modem or goes straight to the computer. 300 megabits per second is his maximum speed . But this type of connection is not common.

This type of data transmission has become the most popular in lately. After all, no cables or routers are needed. Most importantly, you must have a phone with you that supports 2G, 3G, 4G and is within the coverage area of ​​your telecom provider.

2G – the slowest telephone connection technology. Used before on the first smartphones. Its speed is measured in kilobits per second. Also called GPRS, which replaced the GSM standard

3G (3rd Generation) - this connection model is also becoming obsolete, but still in use. Its speed reaches 40 megabits per second.

4G/LTE is new format connection to the network, which supports speed data transfer up to 300 megabits per second.

5G is replacing all standards. This type of connection is still being tested. But they are committed to introducing it in Western countries by 2020. He has already passed the first test quite successfully. In Russia, the first tests of 5G technology will be carried out during the World Cup, which will be held in 2018.

Satellite Internet

Satellite Internet is the most expensive. There are two types of such network entry - one-way and two-way. At unilaterally transmission occurs over a terrestrial channel, and when bilateral the exchange takes place via satellite. The speed reaches tens of megabits per second.

WiMax or Wi-Fi

WiMax is a connection using highly targeted microwaves. This type of network access is used on long distances and provides broadband connectivity, and it also uses the MAC Address Protocol.

Wi-Fi is needed for broadband Internet access within the office or at home. It operates on unlicensed bands. This type of communication is more common and adapted for the average user.

Frequently asked questions

Now we understand how communication with the World Wide Web occurs through our devices. But many users ask questions about what is broadband, open internet or others. Therefore, let's look at the most common of them.

Open Internet is often used by providers in the names of tariffs. This is the Internet which is charged after the end of the traffic, which is included in the subscription fee.

Broadband access (broadband) is access to the network at a speed much larger than the speed of the modem or telephone network.

Some people are interested in what types of networks there are. There are three connection types:

• LAN– local computer networks. These networks belong mainly to one organization and have a coverage of several kilometers or tens of meters. Such networks can be connected to each other through a ring. Or in linear mode using routers. The second method is much more convenient and effective.
• Regional networks. Their coverage reaches 100 kilometers. Usually these are city and regional networks.
• Global. Essentially, this is the Internet network, which connects all the computers in the world into one big web.

In addition, you can highlight division by communication method (wired and wireless), control method (with centralized and decentralized control) and by the composition of computing tools (homogeneous and heterogeneous).

And finally, if you want to find out the type of connection your computer has to the Internet, to do this you need to right-click on the computer icon in the lower right corner of the screen and open network control center And shared access.

In the window that opens, click " changing adapter settings».

You will see a window on the screen where all your connections will be displayed.

The one without the red cross icon is the current connection. To find out in more detail, it is better to contact your provider, or determine the type based on the above methods.

Statistics show that all major domestic telecom operators today are concerned with modernizing old and building new broadband networks. In most cases, this is laying optical fiber to the building or to the client’s door using GPON technology. What are the pros and cons of such networks, how much money does business invest in them and what benefits?

The active growth of the market for broadband access services (BBA) and mobile data traffic is directly related to the increasing number of user devices with Internet access. Taking into account this trend and the rapid growth of user demand, operators are striving to best meet growing needs by improving communication quality and connection speed. According to Ericsson, today about 75% of HSPA networks provide peak data transfer rates of up to 7.2 Mbit/s or higher, and about 40% have reached 21 Mbit/s.

Russia does not stand aside either. In 2011, the number of mobile connections in Russia grew to 227.6 million. Today in Russia there are more than 14 million mobile broadband users, of which 49% are owners of USB modems. At the same time, 86% of the total volume mobile traffic in Russia accounts for 3G networks. Mobile penetration in our country as of the end of last year was 99.5%.

The main trends are the creation of backbone fiber optic lines, as well as the construction of wireless Ethernet networks using LTE technology. Work on LTE is pushing wireless data transmission, upgrading old networks and building new fiber-optic lines and developing wavelength division multiplexing technologies.

Fixed and mobile connections and broadband access in Russia

Source: AC&M and the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia, 2012

If we talk about the domestic telecom equipment market, then, according to Zelax, the balance of power here is as follows: the share of domestic manufacturers is no more than 10%, and foreign vendors actually do not experience competition. According to analysts, the advantage of Russian manufacturers is the ability to modernize existing networks, knowledge local specifics their construction, as well as knowledge of statistical data on the most frequently used communication channels, typical customer problems.

The growth rate of the Russian telecommunications equipment market ranges from 40% to 70%, which is approximately 15% higher than the development indicators of the foreign market. In the corporate market, in contrast to the mass market, there is a fairly trusting attitude towards domestic manufacturers. Highly valued Russian developments, equipment support and maintenance.

Fixed broadband access

At the end of 2011, in terms of the number of broadband subscribers, Russia last year rose from 7th to 6th place. According to J'son&Partners Consulting, by the end of 2011, 39% of households in Russia (21.7 million) had broadband Internet access, of which approximately 1.5% were connected via FTTH technology (PON architecture).

There is no broadband access technology in the world that is clearly recognized as the most effective. Traditional operators in many countries still operate copper access networks with asynchronous data transmission technology of the ADSL family.

Forecast of the number of broadband subscribers in Russia by technological breakdown, million households, 2011-2015.

Source: J`son & Partners Consulting, 2012

FTTB technology dominates in many countries, including Russia. All Russian operators using passive optical access networks have chosen GPON (G.984.4 standard).

What is GPON

The abbreviation GPON stands for Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network. This is a fiber optic communication technology that provides wide bandwidth and is used in converged systems, allowing packetization of service traffic.

Development plans for xPON networks of the largest national operators

Source: J'son&PartnersConsulting, 2011

The advantage of the technology is savings on active equipment at intermediate points, since the network uses passive optical splitters. In this case, there is no need to supply power to the branch point, there is no need to install vandal-proof cabinets, and no time is wasted on servicing the devices. Another advantage is the saving of fibres. Reception and transmission are carried out over the same fiber on different lengths carrier waves. The network topology can be any.

Using GPON technology, it has become possible to provide Internet access at speeds of more than 50 Gbit/s. The length of the fiber optic cable from the network node to the consumer can reach 20 km. At the same time, developments are underway that will increase the distance to 60 km. The technology is based on the G.984.4 standard, which is constantly being improved to add new services and interfaces to the PON system.

Despite all the promise and active development of xPON technologies, its share in the Russian fixed broadband market at the end of 2011 was extremely small: 1.5% of all broadband connections. According to J’son&Partners forecasts, it will increase by an average of 4% per year, and by 2015 it will amount to about 65% of all broadband connections in Russia.

FTTx

The abbreviation FTTx means that a fiber optic cable is laid from the communication center to a certain point, after which a copper cable goes to the subscriber. There is also an option where the optical fiber goes to the subscriber device. In the case of FTTB, such point X is apartment building or an office center where a single terminal is installed, from which a cable is already routed to a specific user.

Other types of FTTx technology are FTTN (Fiber to the Node - fiber to the network node), FTTC (Fiber to the Curb - fiber to a microdistrict, block or group of houses) and FTTH (Fiber to the Home - fiber directly to an apartment or individual cottage) . The first two technologies involve laying optical fiber to active equipment, from which residents of a number of houses are connected using copper cable. This is the least expensive solution, but the throughput of such a network will also be the smallest. FTTH, on the other hand, is the solution that provides the most bandwidth. In this option, the optical fiber goes directly to the user’s apartment. This is the most promising option among FTTx technologies, but building such a network is also the most expensive.

FTTB active optical network technology is the main competitor to passive FTTH networks. In combination with Fast Ethernet, it provides an optimal quality ratio, bandwidth and the costs of network construction, and - unlike xPON - is more profitable for point connections.

The largest Russian Internet access providers build networks using FTTB technology. Among them are Rostelecom, MTS, VimpelCom and ER-Telecom.

However, according to J’son&Partners, ADSL 2+ remains the dominant technology for building broadband access networks for traditional operators. The technology was developed to enhance the possibilities ADSL technologies, approved by the ITU in 1999. On at the moment networks built on ADSL 2+ have been deployed in many countries around the world, but the technology is gradually becoming outdated and in the near future will no longer be able to satisfy the growing needs of subscribers in terms of information transfer speed. Its main advantages are the low cost of network deployment, subscriber devices, as well as the ability to install them as subscriber requests are received.

What do operators do?

The first Russian operator to begin the construction and development of fiber optic networks to the apartments of potential users based on GPON technology is Rostelecom. An example of the company’s success is the fact that at the moment the level of digitalization of the company’s telephone network in Siberia has already exceeded 85%. As a result of the work carried out, the capacity of digital telephone exchanges amounted to more than 4 million numbers.

Since the beginning of 2012, Rostelecom has introduced more than 9.5 thousand broadband Internet access ports in the Siberian Federal District, of which about 8.7 thousand are via GPON. Currently, the installed capacity of the GPON network in Siberia exceeds 590 thousand ports.

Today, Rostelecom does not disclose the amount of investment in technologies for deploying broadband Internet access networks. However, the operator's press service stated that the operator's investment program for the future until 2015 is planned at 20% of the company's revenue. Of these, about 30% will go to modernize the “last mile” - the transition from copper to optical access solutions. As for the current status, according to AS&M Consulting, the company ranks first in the market with a share of 40%. According to the approved strategy, fixed broadband access is a priority direction of development and a growth point for Rostelecom.

Another operator actively modernizing its networks is MGTS, which began developing fiber-optic lines back in 2010. The plans of the company’s management are quite aggressive. So, last year, for example, it was stated that the operator, which currently occupies 25% of the Moscow market, plans to take a leading position in broadband access by 2015. This, however, causes serious skepticism, since the market in the Moscow region is saturated and there are other strong players here. However, the growth is indeed serious.

In January 2011, MGTS organized a pilot zone using GPON technology, then 5 thousand subscribers were connected. In the summer, the company also provided GPON connections to 4.5 thousand. capital schools. In total, by the end of the year, GPON had reached 400 thousand households, and in 2012, subscriber connections began. In the second quarter of 2012, the number of Internet access service users increased by 26% to 469 thousand (373.5 thousand clients a year earlier). The share of new subscribers connecting to tariffs with data transfer speeds of 6 Mbit/s and higher increased to 75% by the end of June 2012 compared to 45% in the second half of 2011. In addition, about 3 thousand MGTS subscribers monthly switch to higher speed tariff plans.

The transition to GPON will allow MGTS to match the maximum available speed with home networks. They use FTTB technology. Director of Broadband Access at VimpelCom Dmitry Malov notes that most Moscow buildings are multi-story, and it is cheaper to deploy FTTB technology in them. “We consider GPON as one of the ways to connect low-rise buildings and provide broadband access in rural areas,” says Malov.

It works quite actively in the TTK regions, also using GPON technology. “Such an optical infrastructure for broadband access creates almost unlimited potential for a significant increase in the volume of tripleplay multimedia services provided to subscribers and the resulting data traffic generated as a result, both at the access and backbone levels. Consequently, when developing backbone networks, it is necessary to lay down this additional resource, taking into account future traffic growth across the web," states Vitaly Shuba, Advisor to the President of the operating company.

It must be said that one of the subsidiaries of TTK, CenterTransTeleCom, began working with PON back in 2008. A network of this type covers almost the entire Kursk, including the business districts of this settlement. The total cost of deploying a PON network in Kursk was approximately 5.3 million rubles. In addition, networks of a similar configuration and type were also laid in Tula, Ryazan and Kaluga.

Network modernization had the most positive impact on the company's income. The operator has finally come out of losses, which amounted to 60 million in 2010. The abandonment of low-margin business lines helped to receive more than 1 billion rubles. net profit for 2011. By the end of 2012, the operator promises to recruit more than 1 million broadband access (broadband) subscribers and can displace Akado in the top five leading providers.

According to the strategy adopted by the company until 2015, the share of retail broadband services should reach 40% of revenue, but so far it accounts for only 8%. TTK also has a goal to increase capitalization to 75 billion rubles by this time. According to the operator's own estimates, his market value now it is about 20 billion rubles.

According to J'son, MTT planned to implement a large project with a government contractor at the end of 2011. Apparently, this meant connecting military camps to the Internet, tenders for which the operator won in 2010 - 2011. Then the company obtained permission to use the infrastructure of military camps to connect residents of nearby areas. In 2011, MTT received 378 million rubles under the contract. During last year's tender, only system integrator Technoserv, which, like MTT, belongs to the Promsvyazcapital group, tried to compete with the operator.

However, in 2012 MTT will not be able to continue this work. The corresponding contract for the current year was concluded with the Eurostroy company, which is so far known only active participation in state tenders.

We note, however, that the MTT company, with the exception of some of its regional subsidiaries, had no experience in providing services in the mass market of broadband Internet access until 2010. MTT was created in the 90s, having at that time received a monopoly on servicing long-distance calls from cellular subscribers. In the mid-2000s, the company lost this monopoly and began providing long-distance communication services to fixed-line subscribers. The company tried to enter the broadband market in 2009, planning to negotiate with regional operators on the use of their last mile, but after the departure of MTT CEO Eldar Razroev, the project was suspended.

Transactions

The largest cellular operators are also demonstrating their interest in fixed broadband access. This is clearly visible in the transactions. Thus, MegaFon, MTS and VimpelCom spent 45.24 billion rubles in 2011 and the first half of 2012. on M&A transactions in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Russian regions. As a rule, the objects of transactions were broadband providers.

The largest amount of funds was invested in the acquisition of related assets by MTS, which spent 18.02 billion rubles for these purposes. VimpelCom allocated 14.67 billion rubles for transactions, and MegaFon, which came third in terms of this indicator, allocated 12.55 billion rubles.

Top 10 M&A transactions of the Big Three operators for the acquisition of broadband assets, 2011-2012 *

*Based on research by TelecomDaily, 2012

In general, the Russian market for the construction of communication networks is highly attractive, providing ample opportunities for development. There is a growing need for the development of networks and the development of new territories, as well as for increasing the capacity and length of lines, which is dictated by the virtual absence of excess capacity and the annual doubling of traffic volumes. According to J'son&Partners Consulting, in 2011 the total length of the communication networks built exceeded 79 thousand km. Of these, 15.8 thousand km are backbone communication networks, 17.6 km are intra-zonal communication networks, 27.3 thousand km are intracity, and 18.6 thousand km are transport networks when deploying wireless access networks (mobile back haul ).

Broadband Internet Connection

Setting up a PPPoE connection in Windows 7

Point-to-point Ethernet protocol is used to create temporary, dynamic broadband connections. If your Internet connection has a dynamic IP address, it means that your ISP assigns you a new IP address each time you connect. The PPPoE protocol makes this connection easy by sending your username and password. Again, only do this if you don't have a router that can do this.

Never use software provided by your ISP to connect via PPPoE. Instead, use the procedure described here.

To set up a PPPoE connection, open the Network and Sharing Center window and click on the Setup a connection or network link located below the existing connections. Select Connect to the Internet and click Next. Select Broadband PPPoE, enter your username and password provided by your ISP, and enable Remember this password. Enter a name for the connection (any name you like) and click the Connect button.

You can connect later using the Connect to a network pop-up window or modify this connection in the Network Connections window.

The world of information technology is constantly improving, new ways of obtaining information are emerging, as consumer demand increases, the volume of required information increases and, therefore, technical support must meet a certain level. IN given time More and more people around the world are using high-speed, otherwise broadband, Internet access. It can be stated that approximately every tenth Internet user in the world has broadband Internet access.

Broadband, or high-speed, Internet access is provided through a number of technologies that allow users to send and receive information in much greater volumes and at much faster speeds than is the case with the now widespread Internet access over regular telephone lines. Broadband access provides not only high data transfer speeds, but also a continuous connection to the Internet (without the need to establish a dial-up connection) and so-called two-way communication, that is, the ability to both receive (download) and transmit (download) information at high speeds.

Overall, the number of high-speed Internet users in European Union doubled in 2003, the same as in 2002 (European Commission data). According to analysts, the growth rate in this sector reaches approximately 100% per year and there are no signs that it will begin to decline. The number of high-speed Internet connections in the EU reached 20 million in the third quarter of 2003, with 41% of these being new users. At the same time, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark today have more high rates growth in user connection to high-speed Internet than the United States. Germany remains the leader in terms of the number of broadband network users.
The French government has announced its intention to provide the entire country with broadband Internet access by 2005. The cost of this project is approximately 30 billion francs (about 4.2 billion dollars). The private sector of the economy cannot afford such costs, especially with the Internetization of rural areas, so the French government intends to provide loans worth 10 billion francs for this project. Without this help, such a task cannot be completed in 5 years, and 70-80% of the country’s territory, where a quarter of the French population lives, will remain uncovered.
The UK has also set a goal of achieving universal broadband Internet access by 2005. However, Tony Blair's government relies entirely on private business, that is, companies that need such Internet access will themselves invest in the creation of broadband communications. It may turn out that with this approach it will not be possible to meet the specified deadlines.

In Russia the situation is as follows: large number Internet users at home are still forced to make do with a dial-up connection. Changing guidelines is currently hampered by tariff plans of Russian regional operators that are incommensurate with the income of the population and a host of technical problems, although the situation is gradually changing for the better.
Everything in Uzbekistan larger number Internet providers provide broadband Internet access. Of course, new technologies are just being mastered here, but the fact of development is obvious. So far, such services can mainly be used only by corporate clients, since their prices are quite high and the average user is content with a dial-up connection.
Starting this year, subscribers of the Internet provider of the Tashkent city telephone network TSHTT have the opportunity to use all the advantages of ADSL technology. Using this latest technology, they are able to simultaneously transfer data over the network and talk on the phone. ADSL is an asymmetric DSL connection in which the downstream speed is faster than the upstream speed. This asymmetry makes the technology ideal for organizing Internet access, where users receive much more information than they transmit. ADSL technology provides downstream traffic speeds of up to 8 Mbit/s and upstream traffic speeds of up to 0.8 Mbit/s.
ADSL allows you to transfer data at a speed of 2 Mbit/s over a distance of up to 5.5 km, over one twisted pair of wires. Transmission speeds of the order of 6-8 Mbit/s can be achieved when transmitting data over a distance of no more than 3.5 km.
To access using ADSL technology, you need an ADSL modem or routers and a splitter. The cost of an inexpensive set of equipment (modem + splitter) is about $150, which is quite comparable to the price of a good analog modem.

Internet provider TSHTT uses a ZYXEL (Prestige) 645-R modem, splitter, power supply and cable to connect subscribers to the Internet using ADSL technology. The modem itself and the subscriber's telephone line are connected to the splitter, thereby allowing him to access the Internet and use the telephone.
Broadband access not only provides a wealth of information (content) and services, but also has the potential to transform the entire Internet, both in terms of the service the Network offers and in terms of its use. It is likely that many of the future applications of broadband access that will fully realize its technological potential have yet to be developed. To fully understand the benefits of ADSL technology, we will look at the difference between dial-up Internet access and broadband access.
To access the Internet via a dial-up connection, a personal computer equipped with a modem is used. Internet connection is provided by the Internet provider selected by the user according to a specific tariff plan. The user dials up the modem pools and connects to the network. Naturally, the telephone line is constantly busy as data is being exchanged. The modem converts analog signals (speech) into digital ones, which allow bits of information to be transmitted. It follows that for full-fledged work the subscriber needs to get a second telephone line, but this is not always possible. Dial-up access is not good enough if you need to get the maximum amount of information in a minimum period of time, which is not always possible at 56 Kbps (the maximum data transfer rate over a dial-up connection).
The limitations imposed by the relatively low speed of data transmission over regular telephone lines (such access is also called narrowband) are becoming more and more obvious. For example, downloading a 10-minute video or distribution of a large program using a 56K dial-up connection can become a very lengthy and frustrating task. In the case of using broadband Internet access, at which the data transfer speed is many times higher than the notorious 56K, users can comfortably watch videos or download software and other heavy files in a matter of seconds. Broadband access provides not only high data transfer speeds, but also a constant connection to the Internet (the user does not need to dial up the modem pool of the Internet provider), as well as so-called bidirectional communication - that is, the ability to simultaneously receive (download) and transmit (download) information at high speeds.
A two-way high-speed connection can be used for interactive applications, such as online classes, showrooms, or medical clinics, in which teacher and student (or customer and salesperson, doctor and patient) can see and hear each other using their computers. You can use a permanent Internet connection to monitor home security, home automation, or even remote treatment of patients via the World Wide Web. Due to the high data transfer speed and large volume of transmitted information provided by a broadband connection, such a connection could also serve to organize the so-called packaged provision of services, in which cable television, video on demand, voice communications, data transmission and reception, and others services are provided over the same communication line.
Currently, many (though not all) institutions and commercial organizations already have broadband Internet access.

So, asymmetric digital subscriber line(ADSL) is a modern technology for high-speed data exchange. The following advantages make this standard one of the most popular methods of accessing the global network:

The technology uses regular telephone lines
high data transfer speed
the ability to conduct a telephone conversation in parallel with data transmission on the same line
With the introduction of time-based payment, the use of a telephone line to access the Internet using ADSL technology will not be charged.

Broadband access technology, primarily ADSL, is becoming increasingly popular around the world. Thus, according to the consulting agency Gartner Dataquest, in Europe by 2006 it is predicted that there will be more than 30 million ADSL access lines, 25 million of them in the residential sector. According to a 2002 forecast by China Telecom, 35 million broadband subscriber lines are expected to be sold in China by 2006. However, judging by the current sales volumes in 2003, this figure will be significantly exceeded.
This rapid development is understandable: the introduction of broadband access brings many benefits to users, and also significantly increases the income of telecom operators, since the subscriber buys not only a regular narrow-band telephone channel, but also a broadband multimedia channel (Internet, video, data transfer).
Finally, ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) systems are more end-user oriented than any other type of DSL. The fact is that almost always the volumes of data transmitted and received by the user vary quite a lot - this is understandable, since the user is usually a consumer of data. This imbalance between transmitted and received data is very noticeable when working with the World Wide Web (especially with pages rich in graphics, video and sound) and easily reaches a ratio of 1:100, and when using video-on-demand systems - 1:1000 and even 1:1000000.
ADSL systems take this data flow asymmetry into account. Typically, ADSL provides data transfer rates from the user in the range of 128-1024 Kbps, and to the user in the range from 600 Kbps to 8 Mbps. According to some forecasts, the user's data reception speed may soon be increased to 30 Mbit/s.
ADSL technology is perfectly suited for receiving high-quality video signals, which makes it almost the only candidate for the role of technology for providing access to video-on-demand systems.
Due to the active development of broadband communications, Internet users have new opportunities and expanded interests in terms of searching, viewing, listening and downloading multimedia content. In particular, almost half of them download a lot of music, video and audio information. The table shows data on the priorities of broadband users. It can be concluded that users using broadband access mainly download multimedia files that take up a large amount of traffic.
Broadband Trends. According to a report by the analytical company Nielsen//NetRatings, at the beginning of 2003 there were about 63 million broadband Internet users in the world. The leaders in this indicator were Korea (21.3 million), Hong Kong (14.9 million) and Canada (11.2 million), followed by Taiwan (9.4 million). Moreover, Canada is significantly ahead of the United States: according to the analytical company comScore Media Metrix, already at the beginning of 2003, broadband users accounted for 53.6% of all Internet users in Canada, while in the United States this figure was only 33.8%. By mid-summer 2003, the total number of broadband connections in the world was already about 77 million (data from the analytical company Point Topic), and at the end of the year it exceeded 86 million.
At the end of 2003, the largest markets in terms of broadband saturation were still South Korea and Hong Kong. The US has chosen broadband access to World Wide Web 38 million users, which amounted to 35% of the total number of Internet users.

High-speed Internet access in Europe continued to develop at a steady pace throughout the year. According to analysts from Nielsen//NetRatings, the number of European users of broadband access from home increased by 136% over 12 months. This trend was strongest in the UK, where the number of broadband Internet users more than tripled to 3.7 million. However, the UK remains second to last on the list. European countries in terms of the level of saturation with high-speed Internet connections - at the end of 2003, only 21% of users used it. Last on this list is Italy, where broadband access is the privilege of only 16.4% (1.8 million users). Among European countries, the leaders are France, Spain and the Netherlands, where 39, 37.2 and 36.6% of users respectively use broadband access.
Prospects. Analysts at eMarketer predict that broadband users will almost double from 2003 to 2005.
North America led the way in the development of broadband Internet access in 2001. In 2002, the initiative passed to the Asia-Pacific region, which further strengthened its position by the end of 2003. Western Europe still lags behind North America, but analysts predict that by 2005 the European broadband market will be comparable in size to the North American one.
Analysts expect broadband expansion to continue, with analysts citing the phenomenal growth of broadband as a direct result of the Internet's emergence as a means of obtaining information, entertainment, communication and business. For example, according to the analytical company Yankee Group, the size of the broadband access market in Western Europe will grow annually by an average of 68% until 2006 and exceed $18 billion. eMarketer analysts predict that broadband penetration in the United States will increase from 22% in 2003 to 32.2% in 2005.
This trend will lead to a significant increase in online sales. In particular, a study by the analytical company Scarborough Research indicates that 64% of broadband users would prefer to use the Internet to make various purchases, ranging from toys, gifts and all kinds of small items to a car.

In Odnoklassniki