Vehicle disposal procedure. Rules and methods for disposal of medical waste in the Russian Federation

The car recycling procedure is attracting more and more attention from residents of the Russian Federation. After all, this program not only allows you to get rid of very old vehicles, but also, in the case of special conditions for purchasing a car, you can earn more than from their direct sale. How to recycle a car in 2020, the procedure in the form of instructions and necessary documents to deregister a car from the traffic police on the basis of recycling - we will consider all this in our publication.

What are the rules for recycling?

The regulatory framework governing the procedure for recycling old cars is reflected in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 2009 No. 1194.

Significant changes this document has not undergone any changes during its entire existence - the last changes were dated April 26, 2012. That is, as of 2020, the Rules approved by the said Resolution are in full force as amended seven years ago.

What kind of car can I rent out?

Anything that is outdated, faulty, or its restoration and maintenance will cost more than a modest remuneration when it is sold or scrapped.

Typically, vehicles over 20 years old, as well as cars damaged in an accident that cannot be restored, are handed over for recycling. It is also possible to hand over dismantled vehicles, but in this case it will not always be possible to receive a discount on recycling under the state program.

Where to submit?

You can hand over the scrapped car to specialized recycling points, as well as to a number of scrap metal collection points, but the latter must issue a recycling certificate of the established form.

Please note that without documents confirming the delivery of the car for disposal in the established form, you will not be able to deregister the car! If you simply sell or scrap the car without receiving official documents, you will face serious difficulties in deregistering your car.

To deregister a vehicle with the traffic police for recycling, a certificate (certificate) is required confirming the transfer of this vehicle to a specialized organization. The mandatory nature and format of such a certificate is regulated by the relevant Order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade No. 10.

Previously, it was possible to first deregister a car and only then hand it over for recycling, but due to regular cases of continued illegal operation of a car after deregistration, the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate has tightened the requirements for the procedure for disposing of a car.

Innovations on changing the procedure for deregistering a car due to disposal came into force on July 10, 2017. Amendments were made to the administrative regulations (clause 66 of the regulations), approved by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated August 7, 2013 No. 605.

How to deregister a car due to scrapping?

It is necessary to contact the traffic police at the place of registration of the car after its actual destruction or delivery to a dealership that provides a discount on disposal.

To complete the process of recycling a car and deregistering it, you need to contact the traffic police department in person or through a representative. To do this, you will need an application in a free form, but recommended by the State Traffic Inspectorate.

• Download an application in DOC format for deregistration in connection with the disposal of a car (can be filled out from a computer),
• Download the application in PDF format (can be filled out by hand),

You must submit to the traffic police:

1. application in the prescribed form;
2. certificate (certificate) of recycling vehicle;
3. personal passport of the vehicle owner;
4. vehicle registration certificate;
5. state registration license plate (both numbers).

If the application is submitted by a representative, then his authority must be confirmed by a notarized power of attorney.

In this case, the license plates can either be handed over for recycling to the traffic police, or transferred for storage for further use on another car for up to six months.

An alternative way is to contact the traffic police through the State Services portal.

Deregistration online through State Services

With the development of government services, you can save a little time and submit an application electronically through State Services.

1. We log in to the State Services portal through the ESIA system. A verified account will be required.
2. Enter the desired service in the search field or select it in the "Transport and driving" section.
3. We select the necessary service for deregistration of a vehicle due to disposal.
4. Click the "Get service" button. We fill out an application indicating passport data for ourselves, technical and legal information for the car. The application must be printed to be submitted to the traffic police. Also, after filling out all the documents, you need to select convenient time to appear at the traffic police and select the traffic police department that is convenient for you (not necessarily at your registration address).

Important note!

Recycling to get a discount when buying a new car

Since 2010, the car recycling program has gained increased popularity, under which those who handed over old car in scrap, citizens received a substantial discount from 50 to 110 thousand rubles on the purchase of a new car of domestic production or assembly.

Officially in at the moment the document for this program is not valid, however, a number of car dealers still provide a discount when scrapping an old car through dealerships or specialized centers. However, not every car can be traded in under this program to receive a discount - the car must meet a number of requirements. You can write off a car simply so that it is not registered as a citizen in any condition.

Basic conditions for recycling an old car to receive a discount:

• the owner of the car is a citizen of the Russian Federation, and the car has been owned for at least a year;
• The car is at least 10 years old, and total mass cannot exceed 3.5 tons;
• all documents in in perfect order, there is a PTS, there are no discrepancies in unit numbers;
• the car meets the requirements for technical condition, which are presented when handing over the vehicle for recycling.

What are the technical requirements for the car?

To hand over an old vehicle under the recycling program, it is not at all necessary that the car can move independently. There are also no requirements for its good condition, but the car must have all the main components and assemblies, including:

• transmission,
• glazing and body elements,
• dashboard;
• battery and electrical equipment;
• technical fluids.

Such requirements are established mainly by dealers in order to avoid formal disposal of auto junk, consisting of a body frame and a pair of wheels. But the program itself does not resolve the issues of completing the scrapped vehicle.

Is it possible to return a damaged car?

Yes, the Program Rules do not contain any restrictions in this part. However, damage to the vehicle must not conflict with the requirements of the receiving organization (or dealer) regarding the completeness of the vehicle.

Roughly speaking, it’s unlikely to be possible to hand over a broken down car, of which only half remains.

This is an important step for the ecological state of the country and the management system.

Previously, the state worked according to the old document of 1995. Since then, other processing and disposal technologies have appeared, and new animal diseases have been identified.

Processing equipment is hopelessly outdated, and the operation of cattle burial grounds, once so popular, is now dangerous and unprofitable. That's why regulations relatively biological waste have become unsuitable for modern times.

The project was under consideration until June 25, 2019. The rules for the disposal of biological waste have undergone some changes, which we will discuss in this article.

According to the new rules, the following waste is considered biological:

• corpses of animals (mammals, fish, birds, insects, aquatic organisms);
• incubator waste, abortive material and stillborn fetuses, placenta;
• biowaste, that is, fragments of organs and tissues obtained as a result of experiments or in veterinary medicine, laboratory samples;
• waste from processing raw materials of animal origin;
• veterinary confiscations;
• feed containing animal products.

Depending on the hazard class, biowaste divided into the following groups:

• especially dangerous, infected with rapidly spreading diseases that can cause a mass epidemic;
• moderately dangerous;
• radioactive.

Why is recycling necessary?

This class of waste poses a great danger to the environment and human health.

Failure to comply with disposal rules has a detrimental effect on the environmental situation:

• when corpses decompose, biogas and liquids are formed that pose a danger to all living things;
• unauthorized biowaste dumps attract scavengers who spread rabies and other dangerous diseases;
• the state loses the potential profit that could be obtained from processing such waste to feed farm animals and vivarium inhabitants;
• Improper disposal of infected corpses entails consequences in the form of epidemics among people and animals.

The problem of biological waste disposal has become very acute. This happened not only because the set of laws on the management of biowaste is outdated, but also because, unfortunately, in our country they do not monitor well enough who and how they dispose of them.

As a result we have a disappointing result:

• animal corpses are dumped in unauthorized landfills or buried in the ground, which is strictly prohibited;
• enterprises for processing biowaste, founded during the Soviet era, are out of order or equipped with equipment that is no longer used in modern times;
• High-tech enterprises exist in small numbers and simply cannot cope with the flow of biological waste.

New veterinary and sanitary rules regulating the collection of biowaste

Section II of the draft veterinary and sanitary rules “Storage of biological waste” specifies the following collection standards.

Firstly, for storage and collection you need to use airtight containers or special packaging, excluding contact of tissue and organ fragments with the environment.

Tanks must be labeled with the characteristics of the contents, be easy to disinfect and must not come into contact with products that have passed veterinary inspection.

In the absence of such, biowaste must be moved to special refrigeration chambers designed for these purposes. The temperature in such chambers should vary from 0 degrees Celsius and below. Depending on it, the shelf life is set at 7–30 days.

New veterinary rules for the collection and destruction of biological waste allow the storage of corpses in moisture-proof areas until removal for disposal, but for a period of no more than 24 hours.

If the waste is contaminated with dangerous diseases, their shelf life without the use of refrigerators is determined by an emergency commission. However, they cannot be stored for more than 168 hours.

Unauthorized persons should not come into contact with biological waste. The same applies to other potential carriers. Responsibility for the safety and handling of biological waste of animal origin before its removal to the place of processing or destruction lies with the owner of the enterprise, farm or household where this waste was generated.

Changed export standards

Export and transportation biological waste carried out in accordance with the following standards:

1. Arrangements for proper transportation are the responsibility of the owner. If there is no such person, he is considered to be the owner of the territory where the waste was found.
2. Movement without special veterinary documents is prohibited.
3. Transportation is carried out using specially equipped transport that excludes contact with external environment. Otherwise, hazardous elements may disperse and harm others. Using such vehicles for other purposes without proper disinfection is strictly prohibited.
4. The soil where the waste was located is covered with bleach, equipment and clothing are disinfected each time after use. Additional processing and issuance of specific equipment is provided if the waste belongs to groups 1 and 3.

How are they recycled?

Correct and timely processing is the key to obtaining valuable recyclables, which can be used for various needs. But this process has its own nuances.

Firstly, biowaste is first sorted and then crushed. Secondly, heat treatment is required for them.

In this regard, separate rules have been established for each type of waste. It all depends on their mass, origin and purposes for which the resulting recyclable materials are then used.

Biowaste is a must sterilized in one of the following ways:

• in the extruder;
• by cooking in vacuum boilers;
• compost in special closed containers;
• using conventional cooking in open or open kettles closed type(this type of processing is available only if the resulting feed is used on the same farm).

If the enterprise is equipped with a special recycling workshop, it has the right to use it only in relation to its by-products.

Acceptance of “other people’s” waste is prohibited.

All biological waste of animal origin belonging to group 2 must be recycled. In this way, feed for agricultural institutions, meat and bones and bone meal, fertilizers etc.

Animal skins are also used. They are removed, processed and then used in the leather industry. Processing of remains and skinning of carcasses belonging to groups 1 and 3 is not allowed - they are destroyed.

Destruction

Group 3 waste is subject to the same treatment as radiation waste. All 1 group of biological waste, according to the rules, is subject to mandatory destruction in several ways.

According to the new rules, this can be organized by:

1. Incineration in cremators or incinerators. The resulting ash is subject to further disposal as industrial waste (7 47 800 00 00 0 according to FKKO).
2. Burning under open air or in special pits or trenches, but only under the supervision of a veterinary specialist.
3. The use of cattle burial grounds, but this is an extremely undesirable measure. It becomes available as a result of a decision of an emergency commission, when other methods of destruction are impossible.

Burial in cemeteries is strictly prohibited according to the rules. The exception is the mass death of animals due to natural disasters, when transportation or burning is not possible. But such a decision is made only by the emergency anti-epizootic commission.

Video on the topic

Process recycling biological waste of the 2nd group into bone meal is presented in the video:

Conclusion

If capacities for processing biowaste appear in Russia, and producers follow all the new veterinary rules for its collection and disposal, then recycling of biological waste will provide significant savings in the agricultural sector.

There will be additional financial inflow, and environmental situation the country will improve. However, this is only possible with strict control over compliance with the letter of the law.

A special bonus of the new project is the long-awaited abandonment of the mass construction and operation of cattle burial grounds. This is another significant step towards development modern system waste management.

Good afternoon, dear reader.

This article will focus on vehicle recycling. This concept became widespread in 2010, when the state car recycling program was introduced.

This article will talk about what vehicle recycling is, how to do it and register it with the traffic police. Let's get started.

What is car recycling?

Recycling a car means its safe destruction. Used in the manufacture of a car various materials: metals, plastics, glass, technical fluids. If a car is simply “thrown in the trash,” then over time harmful substances will enter the soil and atmosphere.

Recycling a vehicle involves recycling it safely. Employees special organization disassemble the car, sort the materials and send them for further processing.

Cost of scrapping a car?

Renting a car for recycling costs several thousand rubles. However, for all cars put into circulation after September 1, 2012, the payment has already been made. A note about this is placed in the vehicle passport (PTS). There is no need to pay extra for the disposal of such vehicles.

Deregistration for disposal

Please note that in 2020, a car deregistered for recycling can be re-registered. Point 18:

18. Registration of a vehicle after its termination is carried out:

• in relation to a vehicle that has not actually been disposed of, the registration of which has been terminated due to disposal - on the basis of confirmation of credentials at the place of last registration of the vehicle (if there is information about a previously issued vehicle passport, electronic passport);

I note that this paragraph relates specifically to disposal, and not to deregistration for disposal. Those. if the owner deregistered the car for disposal and then changed his mind, then the registration with the traffic police can be restored. However, if the matter has gone further and the car has already been handed over to a recycling point, then it will not be possible to register it again.

Car recycling program in 2019 and 2020

The recycling program first started in Russia in 2010 and was reintroduced in 2014. Its essence was that when handing over an old car for recycling, the car owner received a discount of 50,000 rubles on the purchase of a new car. At the same time, the discount was compensated by the state.

Unfortunately, I was unable to find a regulatory one legal document, which regulates the rules for the recycling program in 2019 and 2020, so more detailed information I cannot give information about the current conditions of participation. If you know the document regulating this question, please write his details in the comments to this article.

How to get rid of an old car on a budget?

The disposal procedure was discussed above, but in practice it requires certain costs. The cost of disposal is 3,000 - 4,000 rubles.

However, there are ways to get rid of a car on a budget:

• Sell ​​your car for scrap. This method implies that you will disassemble the car yourself and sort the parts according to the materials from which they are made. This method is quite labor-intensive.
• Sell ​​a car. In practice, almost any car can be sold. If the car is not running, then it can be sold for spare parts. There will always be buyers, the main thing is to set the right price. If the car is in very poor condition, make an advertisement in the amount of 5,000 rubles. Even if the car is sold for a fraction of this amount, it is still more profitable than scrapping it.

In conclusion, I would like to note that many drivers decide to scrap a vehicle due to the fact that they do not want to pay for an unused car. Well, sometimes you just need to make room in the garage.

Good luck on the roads!

Hello. Please tell me whether a general power of attorney is a sufficient condition for the recycling program or whether the car must be registered to the new owner? The fact is that there is a car - it seems to be running, but not in presentable condition (it was rotten in some places, there was an accident), but it is not in use. I would like to use it to get a discount on a new vehicle. But I would like to avoid all these difficulties with registration and the corresponding expenses (technical inspection, insurance, duty, possibly a tow truck to the inspection site).

Nikita, Hello.

Unfortunately, I don't know normative document, which establishes the current rules for the recycling program.

As I recall, it used to be that the car had to be owned by the buyer for a certain period of time (eg at least 6 months). I don’t know whether this condition applies now.

Good luck on the roads!

Please tell me, we bought a car in Krasnodar, before reaching Sevastopol the engine broke down, it was done for a year, naturally without re-registering the car, the previous owner deregistered it due to disposal. Did he have the right to do this (could he be deregistered in connection with the purchase and sale) on the basis of the disposal regulations? How to solve this problem?

For example, write a statement to the police against the previous owner under the article of fraud. He knew that he had sold the car and he did not have any rights to dispose of it. The time frames there are not long.

Veterinary waste is various remains of animal origin. They represent real threat for humans and the environment. The disposal of veterinary waste is controlled by a document such as “Veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection and destruction of biological waste.” Biowaste is classified as hazardous and extremely hazardous.

Veterinary waste is classified as biological waste - these are the remains of animals and birds, as well as materials of animal origin. All of them must be destroyed according to sanitary rules and standards. This is monitored by Rosselkhoznadzor.

Hazard class

Biological waste represents hazard classes 1 and 2. Assignment to a particular category depends on the level of risk. Waste of hazardous classes cannot be recycled. Disposal of biological waste is carried out by burial or incineration.

Biowaste 1st class:

• Homeless animals and pets.
• Experimental laboratory animals.
• Farm animals.

Hazard class 2 from veterinary waste includes excretions from animals infected with viruses. This also includes food and any materials that came into contact with them. Today, crematoria are used for the safe disposal of hazardous biowaste.

Rules of circulation

According to the rules, hazardous biowaste can be disposed of by delivering it to factories that process it, as well as burning it and burying it in specially designated areas and cattle burial grounds.

The method of destruction is selected by a veterinarian who arrives on site to assess the danger of the waste. A doctor is also needed to determine diseases that require livestock to be killed and subsequently disposed of.

Reference! The rules for the disposal of biological waste in veterinary medicine control the process from the moment the waste is generated until its complete destruction.

Collection and transportation

The owner of a farm, veterinary office or barnyard must collect waste, proper storage and transportation to the place of destruction. After the death of an animal, the responsible person must notify the veterinary service. The latter will determine future fate waste.

For subsequent removal of biowaste, a special transport with a sealed box is hired, in which transportation will be carried out. Tools, containers and machinery used for transporting hazardous waste may not be used for other purposes.

Reference! Removal is carried out to a processing plant, crematorium or burial site.

Disposal methods

Depending on the type of waste and the cause of death of the animal, there are several types of disposal and complete destruction. Some bio-waste can still be recycled with the permission of a veterinarian. Meat and bone meal is obtained from them.

All methods of biowaste disposal:

• Burning in pits or crematoria.
• Burial in special cattle burial grounds.
• Recycling to obtain recyclable materials.

Incineration is carried out directly on the farm (if the conditions necessary for this are available) or in crematoria. This method of disposal is necessary when an animal is infected with dangerous viruses.

Large volumes of biological waste can be burned in large cremators, which are ovens that heat up to 800 degrees. Also, destruction by fire can be carried out in pits that are equipped for this.

Non-hazardous veterinary waste is processed in factories equipped with special workshops. Other types of recyclable materials cannot be processed on their territory. As a result of such recycling, feed additives in the form of flour are obtained.

Reference! With permission from regulatory authorities, biowaste may be subject to burial. For disinfection, active chlorine is poured into the hole before burial.

Types of technological processes and equipment

Factories equipped with crematoria can handle hazardous veterinary waste disposal. Special ovens are used exclusively for this activity. Such objects operate according to certain rules.

Currently, cremation is considered the most economical method of destruction. The downside will be significant air pollution.

Reference! When burned, the temperature reaches about 800 degrees, and with the use modern technologies it can be raised up to 1200 degrees.

The temperature method for neutralizing hazardous biowaste corresponds to sanitary standards. The disposal process is controlled by a veterinary specialist.

Requirements for cattle burial grounds

The first thing that is important when organizing a cattle burial ground with biothermal pits is the choice of location. This is the task of the local administration and veterinary service.

The location of the cattle burial ground must meet the following conditions:

• The area should not be protected.
• Places should be elevated and dry if possible.
• The area must be at least 0.6 hectares.
• They must be located at least 1 km from residential buildings.
• There should be a two-meter fence around it.
• The walls of the pits should be filled with concrete or made of brick.
• Groundwater should be below 2 meters from the bottom of the pit.
• You can easily get to the burial site by transport.

Biothermal pits are installed in areas remote from people. The walls must be lined with waterproof material, and the bottom must be lined with clay or concrete. 20 days after loading the pit, the temperature in it reaches more than 60 degrees. Decomposition after burial occurs within a month and a half, resulting in the formation of compost.

Biological waste hazards

All biological waste is classified as classes B and C in terms of radiation, epidemiological and toxicological hazards. These are extremely dangerous and dangerous groups.

Important! Biowaste can be fatally contaminated dangerous infections, including atypical pneumonia, rabies, anthrax and many others. If biological waste is accidentally discovered, you should call the veterinary service. It is strictly forbidden to do anything with them yourself.

The owner who has discovered remains on his territory must contact a veterinary inspector within 24 hours from the moment of discovery. A specialized company will arrive on site, inspect the waste and decide on the disposal method.

Safety rules

The land owner does not have the right to dispose of biowaste independently. Territories are regularly inspected for the presence of unauthorized dumps. Biothermal pits and cattle burial grounds are inspected annually for compliance with the rules.

Biological waste, if handled incorrectly, can significantly harm people living in nearby areas, not to mention the danger to animals, soil, water and air.

Timely and correct transportation under the supervision of a veterinarian protects against the irreversible consequences of the breakdown of hazardous waste. Any improvised burial is a potential source of infection and harmful substances that threaten wildlife.

Slaughter waste extrusion line (2 videos)

Disposal of veterinary waste (16 photos)

• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  

Any waste is potentially dangerous, since in a normal or decomposing state it can cause harm natural environment and living organisms. Waste from medical institutions poses a particular danger. Improper handling of them can cause the spread of terrible infections and death. large quantity people. Disposal of medical waste is a mandatory measure, since in the epidemiological understanding this category of waste contains toxic and radioactive substances, chemical elements and pathogenic microorganisms.

What to do with medical waste?

The first thing that is required from employees of medical institutions in terms of handling medical waste is to classify the waste and act in accordance with the garbage belonging to a certain classification group.

Important: In the regulations and legislation of the Russian Federation there is no clear definition of what constitutes “medical waste”.

What does the law say?

The basic document directly related to the management of medical waste of different classes is SanPiN 2.1.7.2790-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the management of medical waste.” It is in this regulatory act that everything that is thrown out by medical institutions is divided into hazard classes.

Other documents that will be useful to healthcare workers:

• Federal Law No. 323, dated November 21, 2011, affecting the basics of protecting the health of Russians;
• Government Decree No. 681, dated 07/04/2012, approving the criteria for dividing medical waste into classes according to various degrees of hazard and negative impact on Wednesday;
• Federal Law No. 49 of the Russian Federation, which talks about the basics of preserving the health of citizens in the Russian Federation;
• Federal Law No. 89, dated June 24, 1998 “On production and consumption waste,” etc.

The law requires the management of medical departments to independently develop internal instructions with requirements for waste management of the organization, defining the circle of persons responsible for the disposal of medical waste.

Perceived danger

Not everything that is thrown away in medicine poses a threat to nature and people. The degree of danger posed depends on what class the waste belongs to. Medical workers are required to handle it carefully and correctly classify the waste as a hazard class. What belongs to group A can be disposed of as regular waste. Other types of waste must be treated according to the hazard they pose.

Important: Even if the waste is not hazardous, but there is a potential for minor or significant hazard, it must be classified as a waste that is disposed of as hazardous.

Requirements for institutions

According to SanPiN, the following requirements are imposed on medical institutions in terms of handling waste:

1. The management issues instructions that prescribe the rules for the disposal of hazardous waste, and also appoint persons responsible for the process.
2. Mixing waste of different classes is not permitted.
3. Scrap is transported to waste disinfection facilities using specialized transport.
4. The procedure for transporting dangerous goods from a medical facility to a disposal site must be mechanized.
5. Workplaces must have first aid kits to provide emergency assistance.

Rules for collecting, sorting, transporting and disposing of medical waste

When collecting waste from medical institutions, workers must strictly follow the following disposal rules:

1. Collection is allowed only if you have special clothing, special shoes and protective equipment provided by the administration of the institution. Washing overalls is done centrally. Taking workwear home is strictly prohibited.
2. It is prohibited to leave the territory of a medical facility wearing special clothing for waste disposal.
3. Employees' personal and professional clothing should be stored in separate lockers.
4. When hiring new employees, permission to work is carried out only after training on the handling of medical waste. Further, similar briefings are carried out with employees at least once a year.
5. Only adults should be allowed to collect medical waste.
6. Starting from group B, employees who are 21 years of age or older are allowed to dispose of waste.

Important: SanPiN provides for several ways to dispose of waste from medical institutions.

It is strictly prohibited:

• work without special sanitary clothing and personal protective equipment;
• press packages intended for classes B and B;
• open bags of waste types B and B manually.

Healthcare workers must clearly distinguish between the hazard classes of medical waste.

Class A

Everything included in this group is not dangerous. These are related products of the activities of medical institutions:

• food waste;
• construction waste;
• equipment that is not infected;
• furniture, etc.

Such waste can be collected both in disposable bags and in containers intended for reusable use. Dispose of class A according to the standard scheme applicable to ordinary household waste– stored in landfills, burned, processed as recyclable materials or buried.

Class B waste disposal

Everything that is classified as category B is potentially dangerous items and substances. This is potentially or actually infectious waste, for which special disposable packaging is provided. Such waste can only be transported in a closed form. The thermal method is used for disinfection.

Actions with class B

This group includes substances that pose an extreme epidemiological hazard: medical waste. This includes everything that came into contact with patients suffering from dangerous infectious diseases. This:

• consumables;
• cleaning tools.

This type of waste is packaged in containers that have special markings. As in the previous case, thermal methods are used for neutralization.

Class G

• anything that contains mercury;
• medications;
• expired disinfectants;
• remnants of medicines.

Closed containers are provided for collection and transportation of this type of waste. Disposal is carried out according to the scheme developed for industrial waste.

Class D handling

Medical waste disposal: basic techniques

A number of methods are used to neutralize medical waste. All of them are divided into 2 groups:

• thermal;
• alternative.

Thermal disinfection

Thermal types of disposal of hazardous waste from medical institutions include:

• incineration;
• pyrolysis;
• plasma technology.

Let's take a closer look at each of the methods.

Incineration Features

The goal of this type of recycling is complete combustion of materials. This happens using a special device - an incinerator. Combustion temperature 400-1200°C.

The method has been recognized as effective and has therefore become widespread. Environmentalists do not welcome it for the following reasons:

• gas or diesel fuel is used;
• toxic substances are released into the air.

Application of pyrolysis

The essence of this method is that medical waste is burned in an environment without air. The method is promising because it does not involve the release of hazardous elements into the environment.

Application of plasma technology

This method is used when it is necessary to dispose of particularly hazardous medical waste. The recycler is called a plasmatron. A temperature of 4,000°C is reached inside the unit. Electricity is used. In the process of applying plasma technology toxic waste completely decompose. This method has not been fully studied, so it is used extremely rarely.

Alternative disposal methods

Scientists and doctors have long been searching for ways to dispose of medical waste as safely as possible. Today, in addition to those already mentioned, there are more than 40 methods of neutralizing hazardous waste that are successfully used by medical organizations. About 70 different recycling installations have been created.

The most used alternative methods are:

1. Sterilization. Hazardous waste is pre-shredded using special equipment, then sent to steam installations - autoclaves, where it is neutralized.
2. Thermochemical recycling. Most applicable for waste of classes B and B. During the process, the waste is crushed, heated, and then disinfected.
3. Chemical disposal. Acids and alkalis are used. The process produces water that, after purification, becomes absolutely safe.

Speaking about methods of disposal of medical waste, it is worth mentioning the old-timers of the segment - incineration and burial. Both methods are still used today. Their advantages are simplicity and low cost. They are used for the disposal of safe Class A waste. Main disadvantage– harm environment. He crosses out all the advantages.

Read more about personal safety requirements for personnel

Only work with class A medical waste does not require special training of people taking part in the process. Only those employees who have been previously instructed about the dangers of medical waste and how to handle it correctly can neutralize medical waste of other classes.

Workers involved in neutralization are provided by the institution with:

• gloves;
• mask;
• suit.

Important: Those working with radioactive devices and consumables are provided with a lead apron.

Employees involved in the neutralization and destruction of medical waste must understand that they are responsible for the safety of other facility personnel and patients, as well as other people who are not clients of the clinic and do not work in it.

Is a license required to recycle medical waste?

According to the law of the Russian Federation, waste of classes A, B and C can be transported and disposed of without a license.

If neutralization of classes G and D is carried out, it is mandatory. For Class D disposal it is required separate document, giving the right to work with particularly hazardous substances.

Prices for transportation and disinfection of medical waste

Organizations involved in the disposal of medical waste work for on a paid basis. The cost of services depends on:

• regional reference;
• degree of danger of garbage;
• monthly volumes of waste.

The approximate cost of recycling a kilogram of medical waste is as follows:

• A – 15.00 rubles;
• B, C, D – 20.00 rubles;
• needles and syringes – 15.00 rubles;
• vaccines – 7.00 rubles;
• pharmaceutical waste – 20.00 rubles.

Conclusion

Employees of medical institutions handling waste, as well as clinic managers, must remember that the safety of people depends on their actions. Not only those who are in the clinic, but also those who never visit it. Incorrect actions of personnel involved in the disposal of medical waste can lead to dire consequences that can ruin many destinies.